Infinity shape coil for spiral seams

Abstract

A seam for joining fabric edges in which coils of seam elements shaped as a symbol for infinity or a lemniscate, that is, infinity elements, are joined to the fabric edges and the infinity elements are joined to each other with a pintle. A fabric element may be configured as a continuous loop to form an industrial fabric employing the infinity seam elements.

Claims

1. A low profile seam for joining fabric edges, said seam comprising: a first element comprising one or more first infinity coils wherein each of the one or more first infinity coils consists essentially of a first loop having a first open interior portion, a second loop having a second open interior portion, and an intersection region where the first loop intersects with the second loop, and wherein the first loops of the first infinity coils are joined to seam loops of a first fabric edge; a second element comprising one or more second infinity coils wherein each of the one or more second infinity coils consists essentially of a first loop having a first open interior portion and a second loop having a second open interior portion, and an intersection region wherein the first loop intersects with the second loop, and wherein the first loops of the second infinity coils are joined to seam loops of a second fabric edge; wherein a machine direction length of each of the first and second infinity coils is less than a machine direction length of the fabric; wherein second loops of the first infinity coils, and second loops of the second infinity coils are interdigitated such that the second open interior portions of the second loops of the first infinity coils at least partially align with the second open interior portions of the second loops of the second infinity coils to form a passage therethrough; a pintle disposed in the passage formed by the aligned second open interior portions of the first loops and the second open interior portions of the second loops to join a first fabric edge to the second fabric edge; and wherein the infinity coils are formed from material selected from the group consisting of a monofilament, twisted multifilaments, and metal wire.

2. The seam of claim 1, wherein a tensile load across the seam reduces a caliper or thickness of the infinity coil elements.

3. The seam of claim 1, wherein the first fabric edge and the second fabric edge are opposite edges of the same fabric.

4. The seam of claim 1, wherein the second loops of the first infinity coils alternatingly interdigitate with the second loops of the second infinity coils.

5. The seam of claim 1, wherein the monofilament, twisted multifilaments, or metal wire making the infinity coils is round, rectangular, oval, or flattened in cross section.

6. The seam of claim 5, wherein the infinity coils are coated.

7. The seam of claim 1, wherein the one or more first infinity coils and the one or more second infinity coils are continuous helical infinity coils.

8. The seam of claim 7, wherein the one or more first infinity coils are two or more first infinity coils arranged end to end along the cross-machine direction of the first fabric edge and the one or more second infinity coils are two or more second infinity coils arranged end to end along the cross-machine direction of the second fabric edge.

9. The seam of claim 7, wherein the one or more first infinity coils is a single continuous helical infinity coil.

10. The seam of claim 1, wherein the one or more first infinity coils and the one or more second infinity coils are individual infinity coils arranged adjacent to one another along the cross-machine direction of the first and second fabric edges, respectively.

11. An infinity coil for joining fabric edges, the coil comprising: a plurality of infinity coil elements comprising a plurality of loops, wherein each of the plurality of infinity coil elements consist essentially of a first loop, a second loop, and an intersection region where the first loop intersects with the second loop, in a shape of a lemniscate, wherein the axes of each of the first loops are collinear with each other along a first axis, the axes of each of the second loops are collinear with each other along a second axis, and the first and second axes are parallel with each other; the plurality of infinity coil elements being joined to an edge of a fabric; wherein a machine direction length of each of the infinity coil elements is less than a machine direction length of the fabric; wherein, when viewed parallel to the first and second axes, each of the plurality of loops forms a closed curve with a respective open interior portion; and wherein the infinity coil elements are formed from material selected from the group consisting of a monofilament, twisted multifilaments, and metal wire.

12. The coil of claim 11, wherein the plurality of loops forms at least two closed curves.

13. An infinity coil for joining two fabric edges, the coil comprising: a coil axis; an axial length parallel to the coil axis; a width perpendicular to the axial length; a continuous strand of material formed into a continuous helical plurality of infinity coil elements, wherein each of the plurality of infinity coil elements is in a shape of lemniscate having a first loop, a second loop, and an intersection region where the first loop intersects with the second loop, each of the loops having an axis parallel to the axis of the coil; the plurality of infinity coil elements being joined to at least one edge of a fabric; wherein a machine direction length of each of the infinity coil elements is less than a machine direction length of the fabric; wherein, the axes of the first loops are collinear with one another and the axes of the second loops are collinear with one another such that, when viewed parallel to the coil's axis, each of the loops appears to form a closed curve with an open interior portion; and wherein the infinity coil elements are formed from material selected from the group consisting of a monofilament, twisted multifilaments, and metal wire.

14. The coil of claim 13, wherein the plurality of infinity coil elements is continuous along the length of the coil axis.

15. The coil of claim 13, wherein the coil is coated.

16. A seam element for a low profile seam comprising: a seaming material formed as a series of lemniscates joined to at least one edge of a fabric, each lemniscate having two closed curves forming a first coil loop, a second coil loop, and an intersection region between the closed curves where the first coil loop intersects with the second coil loop, the first and second coil loops enclosing respective first and second open interior portions, wherein the series of lemniscates is aligned in that each of the first coil loops has an axis parallel to the axis of each of the second coil loops; wherein a machine direction length of each of the lemniscates is less than a machine direction length of the fabric; and wherein the seaming material is from material selected from the group consisting of a monofilament, twisted multifilaments, and metal wire.

17. The seam element of claim 16, wherein the seam element is coated.

18. The seam element of claim 16, wherein lemniscates of the series of leminscates are planar.

19. A seam comprising: a first plurality of the seam elements of claim 16, arranged adjacent to each other on a first fabric edge by joining the first coil loops to seam loops of the first fabric edge such that the first open interior portions of the first coil loops are substantially collinear with an adjacent seam element; a second plurality of the seam elements of claim 16, arranged adjacent to each other on a second fabric edge by joining the first coil loops to seam loops of the second fabric edge such that the first open interior portions of the second coil loops are substantially collinear with an adjacent seam element, wherein the first plurality of seam elements and the second plurality of seam elements are interdigitated such that the second open interior portion of each of the second coil loops of the first plurality of seam elements is aligned with the second open interior portion of each of the second coil loops of the second plurality of seam elements to form a passage therethrough; and a pintle extending through the passage.

20. A seam element comprising: a seaming material formed as three or more closed curves forming three or more adjacent coil loops, each of the three or more coil loops enclosing one open interior portion, and intersection regions between adjacent coil loops in which a coil loop intersects with an adjacent coil loop, wherein a plurality of the seam elements are joined to fabric edges and to each other to form a low profile seam; wherein a machine direction length of the seam elements is less than a machine direction length of the fabric; and wherein the seaming material is formed from material selected from the group consisting of a monofilament, twisted multifilaments, and metal wire.

21. The seam element of claim 20, wherein the seam element is coated.

22. The seam element of claim 20, wherein the adjacent coil loops are planar.

23. A seam comprising: a first plurality of seam elements of claim 20, arranged adjacent to each other on a first fabric edge by joining one of the three or more coil loops to seam loops of the first fabric edge such that each of the interior portions of the coil loops are substantially collinear with an adjacent seam element; a second plurality of seam elements of claim 20, arranged adjacent to each other on a second fabric edge by joining one of the three or more coil loops to seam loops of the second fabric edge such that each of the interior portions of the coil loops are substantially collinear with an adjacent seam element; wherein the first plurality of seam elements and the second plurality of seam elements are interdigitated such that at least one open interior portion of each of the second plurality of seam elements is aligned with an open interior portion of the first plurality of seam elements to form at least one passage; and a pintle extending through the at least one passage.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The following detailed description, given by way of example and not intended to limit the invention to the disclosed details, is made in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, in which like references denote like or similar elements and parts, and in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is an axial view of a conventional coil;

(3) FIG. 1A is a perspective view of the conventional coil of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 2 is an axial view of the coil of FIG. 1 formed on a single mandrel;

(5) FIG. 3 is an axial view of conventional coil seam;

(6) FIG. 4 is an axial view of the conventional coil seam of FIG. 3 under an increased tensile load transverse to the axis of the seam;

(7) FIG. 5 is an axial view of an infinity coil according to embodiments of this invention;

(8) FIG. 5A is a perspective view of the infinity coil of FIG. 5;

(9) FIG. 5B is a perspective view of a separate infinity seam loop according to an embodiment of the invention;

(10) FIG. 5C is a perspective view of a separate infinity seam loop according to another embodiment of the invention;

(11) FIG. 6 is an axial view of the infinity coil of FIG. 5 formed on a double mandrel;

(12) FIG. 7 is an axial view of an infinity coil seam according to embodiments of the invention;

(13) FIG. 8 is an axial view of the seam of FIG. 7 under an increased tensile load transverse to the axis of the seam;

(14) FIG. 9 is a plan view of infinity coils according to embodiments of the invention joined to fabric edges;

(15) FIG. 10 is a plan view of the infinity coils of FIG. 9 with coils interdigitated;

(16) FIG. 11 is a plan view of the infinity coils of FIG. 10 with a pintle inserted to join fabric edges; and

(17) FIG. 12 is an axial view of an infinity coil seam joining fabric edges in accordance with an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(18) Embodiments of the invention are described below with reference to the accompanying drawings which depict embodiments of the disclosed infinity coil and exemplary applications thereof. However, it is to be understood that application of the disclosed infinity coil is not limited to those embodiments illustrated. Also, the invention is not limited to the depicted embodiments and the details thereof, which are provided for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

(19) The present invention relates to low profile seams in industrial fabrics, and includes engineered fabrics and fabrics used in papermaking, in which wear of the seam is eliminated or at least reduced by reducing the thickness of the seam to no more than the thickness of the fabric joined by the seam, at least when the seam is under tension generally perpendicular to its axis, as when a seamed fabric is in use. That is, when under a tensile load, the seam is as thin as, or thinner than, the fabric joined by the seam.

(20) The present invention relates to seams in fabrics formed into continuous loops for use in industrial applications. Specifically, the present invention relates to seams formed in fabrics installed on an industrial machine, commonly referred to as on-machine-seamable fabrics.

(21) The present invention also relates to a process for producing such an improved seam in an industrial fabric.

(22) Industrial fabrics, which include paper machine clothing discussed above, means endless structures in the form of a continuous loop, and used generally in the manner of conveyor belts. Industrial fabrics as used in this disclosure refers to fabrics configured for modern papermaking machines, and engineered fabrics. Engineered fabrics specifically refers to fabrics used outside of papermaking, including preparation machinery for paper mills (i.e., pulp), or in the production of nonwovens, or fabrics used in the corrugated boxboard industries, food production facilities, tanneries, and in the building products and textile industries.

(23) Seams in on-machine-seamable fabrics have been problematic in that the caliper, or thickness, of the seam region often varies from the caliper of the fabric edges joined by the seam. The problems typically encountered include, but are not limited to, wear of the seam loops or elements and marking of the product carried by the fabric if the seam area is thicker than the fabric edges joined. Wear of the seam material caused by friction or abrasion from contact with machine components can lead to further marking of the product carried by the fabric, and also may lead to catastrophic failure of the fabric. By providing a low profile seam with a seam thickness under tension equal to or less than the thickness of the fabric edges being joined, embodiments of the present invention can eliminate, or at least reduce, frictional and abrasive wear of the seam.

(24) The present invention also relates to the coils used to form seams in industrial fabrics, that is, the invention relates to industrial fabric seaming coils. The coils may be formed from a monofilament or twisted multifilament, coated or uncoated, made from a polymer or polymers, such as polyester, a coated or uncoated metal wire, or from other materials known in the art to be suitable for a seam in an industrial fabric. The coils may be formed as a continuous piece having an appropriate length for the length of the seam to be formed, as measured as the cross machine direction (CD) width of the fabric. In some instances, a coil formed as a continuous piece may have a length the same length as, or nearly the same as, the length of the seam to be formed. Other coil lengths may be useful, such as lengths less then the length of the seam, or greater than the length of the seam and trimmed to an appropriate length. In other embodiments, the coils may be individual pieces of seam material formed into separate seam loops, with a number of individual seam loops arranged along the length of each fabric edge to be joined.

(25) Coils in this application are illustrated as having two enclosed interior portions or nodes, when viewed along the axis of the coil, for ease of illustration. This corresponds with the common infinity symbol or the mathematical lemniscate. However, coils of more than two enclosed interior portions or nodes are anticipated, and are also referred to as infinity coils because they comprise coil turns forming at least one infinity symbol or lemniscate. Such coils lend themselves to similar manufacturing techniques using a forming apparatus with a number of support members corresponding to the number of desired nodes. Infinity coils with more than two nodes have industrial uses, for example, uses similar to those disclosed for the two-node coils.

(26) Other embodiments of the present invention can provide an industrial fabric with uniform physical characteristics throughout the fabric, particularly from edge to edge across the seam region, that is, across the width of the fabric (CD) in the area of the seam, including the seam itself.

(27) A loop 1 for a conventional, prior art spiral coil spiral seam, as shown in an axial view in FIG. 1 and in a perspective view in FIG. 1A, has a curved shape, approximating a circular or ovular shape. Successive coils are similarly shaped and approximately coaxial, extending into the paper as illustrated. Typically, such coils are formed by placing successive coaxial coils of material, for example a polyester monofilament, on a single mandrel 3 as shown in FIG. 2. The open interior portion 2 is similarly shaped and proportional in size to the mandrel 3 upon which it is formed. Although an ovular shaped mandrel is shown, other shapes may be used for the mandrel.

(28) The seaming materials may be a monofilament or a twisted multifilament, coated or uncoated, formed from one or more polymers such as polyester, or metal wire, or other material known in the art. The seaming materials or individual coils may be coated or treated as required by the specific application to have desirable properties. In cross section, the spiral coils may be round, rectangular, oval, flattened, or other noncircular shapes.

(29) When two coils 1a and 1b are joined to opposite fabric edges (not shown) and configured to form a spiral coil seam illustrated generally as 5 in FIG. 3, at least some of the open interior portions 2 of the two spiral coil loops 1 align to form a passage 4 to accept a pintle or pin 6, forming a seam joining the two fabric edges. The two conventional spiral coil loops 1 are generally free to pivot or rotate about the axis of the pintle which substantially corresponds with the axis of the seam 5. Often the spiral coil seam thickness is slightly greater than the joint thickness before tension is applied. The thickness or caliper C1 of the fabric edges joined corresponds with the caliper of the coil loops as shown in FIG. 3.

(30) When the seam 5 of FIG. 3 is placed in tension perpendicular to the axis of the seam, which corresponds with the axis of the pintle 6, that is tension in the length direction of the industrial fabric, conventional spiral coil loops 1a and 1b tend to elongate slightly in the direction of the tension indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4, and contract slightly a distance in the direction perpendicular to the tension. That is, in the case of oval coils, the major diameter of the coils lengthens and the minor diameter shortens.

(31) Further, the size of the single passage 4 formed by the aligned interior portions 2 decreases and approaches the size of the pintle 6 as the conventional coils 1 are displaced longitudinally and elongate. The conventional coil loops 1 thus joined remain free to pivot or rotate about the longitudinal axis of the pintle 6.

(32) Accordingly, the initial seam length L1 in FIG. 3 lengthens to L2 of FIG. 4 and the thickness of the seam changes by a small amount C which is equivalent to the difference C1C2. When C1 is greater than C2, the seam 5 is sometimes referred to as experiencing seam thinning, as the seam decreases slightly in thickness from a first tensile state to a second tensile state. Conventional spiral coils are purposely designed to have minimal elongation. The spiral coils are usually quite stiff. Thus, the degree of seam thinning as defined here is small. As drawn in FIG. 4, the total amount of the seam thinning is shown as C on one side of the seam 5 only for ease of illustration. In practice, approximately even amounts of seam thinning would be present on each side of the thickness of seam 5.

(33) According to embodiments of the present invention, a low profile seam element is provided in the form of the infinity coil 8 in FIGS. 5 and 5A, formed as a figure-eight shaped curve, or a lemniscate, resembling a symbol commonly used to represent infinity, . According to embodiments of the invention, a continuous helical infinity coil as illustrated in FIGS. 5 and 5A is an infinity coil formed from a continuous strand of material. When viewed parallel to the axis X-X of the coil, the continuous helical infinity coil will appear to have two closed curves forming first and second infinity coil loops 10a and 10b, respectively, with first and second open interior portions 2a and 2b, respectively. Coils according to embodiments of the invention may also have more than two open interior portions, yet are still referred to as infinity coils throughout the disclosure. For example, a seaming material can be formed as three or more closed curves forming three or more adjacent coil loops, the three or more coil loops enclosing respective open interior portions, and intersection regions between adjacent coil loops in which seaming material forming a coil loop intersects with material forming an adjacent coil loop. The seaming material can be: a. molded to form the three or more adjacent coil loops, b. extruded in a substantially linear form and mechanically deformed into the three or more adjacent coil loops, or c. extruded such that extruded material forms the three or more adjacent coil loops either by moving an extruding head or by moving a receptacle upon which the material is extruded.

(34) The material used to form infinity coils may be any of the materials known in the art as suitable for seams in industrial fabrics, for example a polyester monofilament, and may have any suitable cross section. Circular cross sectional shapes of the material may be used. Additionally, in non-limiting examples, other cross section shapes may be used, such as oval, rectangular, triangular, flattened, star-shaped, or other non-circular shape. Other cross sectional shapes may be used depending upon particular requirements.

(35) FIG. 5A illustrates an infinity coil 8 according to embodiments of the invention. The coil 8 comprises first and second loops 10a and 10b. As shown, a plurality of loops 10a, 10b can extend along coil axis X-X in the direction of coil length L. Coil 8 may have any combination of number of loops 10a, 10b, and coil length L as determined by the particular application.

(36) Width W of the coil is taken perpendicular to, or generally perpendicular to, the axis X-X and is the maximum dimension between the outermost portion of loop 10a and the outermost portion of adjacent loop 10b. The width W may be the same, or substantially the same, for all adjacent loop pairs 10a, 10b.

(37) Within each of the coil loops 10a and 10b are open interior portions 2a and 2b, respectively. The open interior portions 2a and 2b have axes Xa and Xb, which are parallel, or generally parallel, to coil axis X. In embodiments of the inventive coils, the axis of all, or substantially all, first open interior portions 2a of first loops 10a are collinear. Similarly, in embodiments of the invention, the axis of all, or substantially all, second open interior portions 2b of second loops 10b are collinear. In some embodiments, axes X, Xa and Xb may be coplanar.

(38) In addition to the plurality of loops 10a and 10b shown in FIG. 5A, embodiments of the invention include individual infinity coil elements 8a comprising at least one complete loop 10a and one complete loop 10b as illustrated in FIG. 5B. Individual coil elements 8a may be formed by cutting the coil element of FIG. 5 in an appropriate location to form two complete loops and joining the free end portions 2c to form the individual coil element. Portions of the seam material 2d which cross, with one portion of the coil crossing over the other, or intersect, between the open interior portions 2a and 2b may be affixed to each other by adhesive, welding, bonding, or other known methods after formation of the coil 8a. Thus, one loop 10a and one loop 10b are formed, each loop forming a completely closed interior portion 2a or 2b, respectively, of individual coil element 8a. Alternately, other techniques may be employed in forming individual coil elements 8a, as shown, in FIGS. 5B and 5C. Individual coils can be formed from molten or softened polymers or resins by known plastic fabrication methods. Such methods include, as non-limiting examples, injection molding, extrusion molding, compression molding, transfer molding, or casting. In some embodiments, the portion of seam material 2d may intersect on the same, or substantially the same, plane between the open interior portions 2a, 2b of the coil 8a as illustrated in FIG. 5C. Thus the portion of seam material between the open interior portions 2a, 2b may be integrally formed with loops 10a and 10b. The individual coil elements 8a thus formed are comprised of one loop 10a and one loop 10b, joined at 2d, each loop forming a completely closed interior portion 2a or 2b, respectively.

(39) As used herein, the term infinity coil includes both continuous helical infinity coils and individual infinity coil elements unless a distinction is made for clarity.

(40) Continuous helical infinity coils 8 can be formed on a double mandrel coil former comprising generally parallel coplanar mandrels 3a and 3b as shown in FIG. 6. Infinity coils 8 can be formed, for example, by passing material, for example, polyester monofilament, over the top of a first mandrel 3a, through the space between the two mandrels, below and then around and over the top of the second mandrel 3b, back through the space between the mandrels and under the first mandrel 3a. Thus the coil forming material traces the path of a figure-eight as the infinity coils 8 are formed around mandrels 3a and 3b. This pattern can continue with each coil turn offset axially from the previous, until the desired number of coils, or the desired axial length of the infinity coil 8, which may be proportional to the number of coils, is formed. In this manner a seaming element comprising a plurality of infinity coils 8 can be formed with loops 10a and 10b, with each loop 10a formed coaxially with previous loops 10a and each loop 10b formed coaxially with previous loops 10b.

(41) The two individual mandrels 3a and 3b comprising the double mandrel are illustrated as having a round cross section for ease of illustration only. The mandrels may be of any suitable shape to yield the desired shape of the infinity coil loops 10a and 10b. The mandrels are also shown as substantially the same size for ease of illustration. However, the mandrels 10a and 10b may be the same, or substantially the same size, or one mandrel may be larger than the other, or differently shaped, as desired.

(42) Other techniques may be employed in forming the inventive infinity coils. For example, the infinity coil could be molded from a molten or softened polymer or resin as one piece using known molding methods, such as, for example, injection molding, extrusion molding, compression molding, transfer molding, or casting. The material used for the coil could also be extruded in a linear or near linear form and mechanically deformed into the lemniscate or infinity shape, with or without the application of heat. The material could also be extruded in a manner such that the extruded material forms the lemniscate or infinity shape either by moving the extruding head or by moving the bed or receptacle upon which the material is extruded.

(43) In forming an infinity coil seam 12 as illustrated in FIG. 7, a first infinity coil 8a is joined with a first fabric edge (not shown) and a second infinity coil 8b is joined with a second fabric edge (not shown) via respective loops 10a of the infinity coils 8a and 8b. In the non-limiting embodiment illustrated in FIG. 7, infinity coils 8a and 8b each include loops 10a to be joined to first and second fabric edges (not shown) using a known method of joining, such as a pintle. Loops 10b from first infinity coil 8a are interdigitated with loops 10b from second infinity coil 8b such that the open interior portions 2b of the loops 10b at least partially align and form a single passage 4 in the seam 12. The passage 4 may be sized to allow a pintle or pin 6 to pass through the aligned open interior portions 2b of loops 10b, joining the coil seam elements 8a and 8b. The loops 10b from the first and second infinity coil loops 8a and 8b may interdigitated and alternate, i.e., alternatingly interdigitate, one loop from a first coil, the next loop from a second coil, followed by a loop from the first coil in a repeated pattern along the length of the seam. However, other patterns of interdigitation may be used as required.

(44) In an embodiment, infinity coil seam 12 is formed from one or more first infinity continuous helical coils 8a disposed axially end-to-end and one or more second continuous helical infinity coils 8b disposed axially end-to-end in the CD direction of respective fabric edges. In another embodiment, infinity coil seam 12 is formed from a plurality of first individual infinity coil elements disposed side-by-side so the open interior portions thereof substantially align with one another and a plurality of second individual infinity coil elements disposed side-by-side so the open interior portions thereof substantially align with one another in the CD direction of respective fabric edges.

(45) One benefit of the disclosed infinity coil seam 12 is the additional seam thinning realized when the seam and the fabric are placed in tension generally perpendicular to the seam axis, in the length direction of the industrial fabric, as compared to a prior art seam. As illustrated in FIG. 7, the thickness of the infinity coil loops 10a and 10b is not greater than the thickness C1 of the fabric. As illustrated in FIG. 8, the seam 12 is under tension, and the thickness C2 of the infinity coil loops 10a and 10b is desirably less than the thickness C1 of the fabric. The seam thinning as illustrated is a desirable characteristic as it places the infinity coil 8 at or below the plane of the industrial fabric. The distance C as shown in FIG. 8 is the total amount of seam thinning the coil experiences. In practice, the amount of seam thinning would be approximately evenly distributed throughout the thickness, i.e. the top and bottom surfaces, of the infinity coil.

(46) According to embodiments of the present invention, an industrial fabric may be formed from a fabric with the disclosed infinity coils used to form a seam between opposite edges of the fabric. As illustrated in FIG. 9, infinity coils 8a and 8b may be joined to opposite fabric edge portions 14a and 14b in preparation for joining the edge portions together. As illustrated in FIG. 9, infinity seam loops 10a of infinity coils 8a and 8b are joined to the fabric edge portions 14a and 14b. Joining of the infinity loops to the fabric may be accomplished in any way known to the art, for example, a pintle or pin may be used to join the infinity loops 10a to loops formed at the fabric edges, or fabric yarns may be woven through the infinity coil loops 10a and reintroducing the yarns to the fabric, or the infinity loops may be joined to the fabric by sewing, or by other known techniques.

(47) Having attached the infinity coils 8a and 8b to the fabric edge portions 14a and 14b, respectively, the fabric edges may be drawn toward each other such that infinity loops 10b of infinity coil 8a may interdigitate with loops 10b of infinity coil 8b and open interior space 2b of infinity loops 10b at least partially align with each other to form a single passage (reference 4 in FIG. 7) as illustrated in FIG. 10.

(48) A pintle or pin 6 may be passed through the formed passage and through all, or substantially all, of the infinity coil loops 10b joining infinity coil 8a with infinity coil 8b. In instances in which infinity coils 8a and 8b are joined to opposite edges of the same fabric article, an industrial fabric 16 is formed as a continuous loop. As shown in FIG. 12, a pintle or pin or wire 6 may be used to join each infinity coil to the fabric edge portions 14a and 14b, although any known joining technology could be used.

(49) As discussed above, the joining of a first infinity loop 8 to a fabric edge or to a second infinity loop 8, with a pintle or otherwise, creates a joint adapted to pivot to a degree about an axis of the infinity coil loops thus joined. In joints with a pintle 6 or the like, the longitudinal axis of the pintle substantially aligns with the axis of the infinity coil loop 10b and at least approximates the pivot axis of the joint and the seam as shown in FIG. 7.

(50) The seam 12 in industrial fabric 16 as shown in FIG. 12 behaves in a manner similar to the seam 12 in FIGS. 7 and 8. That is, when the industrial fabric 16 is under tension perpendicular to, or substantially perpendicular to, the seam 12 in the length direction of the industrial fabric, that is, a longitudinal tension, the seam 12 will also be under tension and experience seam thinning. The infinity seam coils 8a and 8b will decrease in thickness measured perpendicular to the longitudinal tension. The C of FIG. 8 will be positive and the infinity coil loops will move away from the plane of the fabric, towards the interior of the fabric, resulting in a seam as thin, or thinner than, the fabric edges 14a and 14b. Concurrently, the length of the seam, L1 in FIG. 7 will increase to L2 of FIG. 8.

(51) In some embodiments, the seam 12 may be perpendicular to fabric longitudinal edges 15 as illustrated in FIG. 11. In other embodiments, the seam may form an angle other than 90 with the fabric longitudinal edges. Regardless of the seam orientation, the seam 12 will behave in a manner substantially similar to the embodiment in which the seam is perpendicular to the longitudinal edges. The tension in the industrial fabric 16 in the length direction of the industrial fabric and the size of the pintles will result in seam thinning to a greater or lesser extent.

(52) An advantage of the present technique is that during installation on an industrial machine, insertion of the pintle can be easier as the interior opening is larger before tension is applied than after tension is applied.

(53) Having thus described in detail various embodiments of the present invention, it is to be understood that the invention defined by the above paragraphs is not to be limited to particular details set forth in the above description as many apparent variations thereof are possible without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.