Method for operating a single automatic beverage dispenser from among a plurality of beverage dispensers

Abstract

A method for operating an automatic beverage dispenser, such as a coffee machine provided with a control panel by using a mobile device with a communication unit. A communication link is automatically established between the beverage dispenser and the mobile device. A data set representing a user personalized recipe is transmitted from the mobile device to the coffee machine which temporarily stores the dataset. The personalized recipe is displayed as a selection option on the control panel of the beverage dispenser. Preparation of the beverage is triggered by selecting the desired personalized recipe in response to which a personalized beverage is dispensed by the beverage dispenser.

Claims

1. A method for operating a single automatic beverage dispenser, from among a plurality of automatic beverage dispensers, that dispense at least one of hot and cold beverage, by using a mobile device also having a corresponding communication unit, each of the automatic beverage dispensers having respectively one control panel and respectively one communication unit for operation, wherein each of the automatic beverage dispensers is adapted to establish communication links with a plurality of mobile devices, the method comprising steps of: a) making available a respective dataset including at least one recipe personalized for a respective user for at least one of hot and cold beverages on the respective mobile device; b) automatically establishing a communication link between the single automatic beverage dispenser and one of the mobile devices when a user with the one mobile device approaches the single automatic beverage dispenser; c) transmitting the dataset for the at least one user personalized recipe for the at least one hot and cold beverage from the one mobile device to the single automatic beverage dispenser; d) temporarily storing the dataset in a data store belonging to the single automatic beverage dispenser; e) displaying the at least one user personalized recipe as at least one selection option, respectively, on the control panel of the single automatic beverage dispenser, wherein the displaying includes displaying only those recipes and/or activating only those recipes which can also be prepared in the single automatic beverage dispenser; f) triggering a preparation sequence on the single automatic beverage dispenser of the hot or cold beverage by selecting one of the user personalized recipes on the control panel; g) preparing and dispensing a personalized beverage from the single automatic beverage dispenser based on the selected one of the user personalized recipes; and h) deleting or overwriting the temporarily stored dataset from the data store of the single automatic beverage dispenser following a severing the communication link between the single automatic beverage dispenser and the one mobile device.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the deleting or overwriting step follows at least one of the steps f) and g).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step b) comprises using one of a near-range communication link and a Bluetooth connection for automatically establishing the communication link between the single automatic beverage dispenser and one of the mobile device.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein the temporarily storing step includes automatically storing the dataset in the data store of the single automatic beverage dispenser.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step a) includes specifying on the respective mobile device a selection menu for selecting a beverage type and, following a selection of the beverage type, releasing a setup menu on the respective mobile device containing selectable details for a recipe, and then selecting by the user at least one of the selectable details to create and make available the user personalized recipe.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein the specifying step includes specifying a selection menu containing at least one of the following beverage types: cappuccino, espresso, latte macchiato, coffee, and mocha.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein after creating the personalized recipe by the selecting step, storing the personalized recipe on the respective mobile device through manual activation of a storage action by triggering a field on the selection menu of the mobile device.

8. The method according to claim 5, wherein the step of releasing a setup menu includes releasing a setup menu including at least the following selectable details: a volume for the water and/or milk, and/or the milk foam, a value for the weighed amount of coffee grounds, a brewing temperature, a degree of grinding fineness, a ratio of milk foam to coffee for a coffee/milk mixed beverage, a foam quality, a temperature of at least one of milk and a milk foam, a temperature of dispensed hot water, and preparation parameters for coffee production, including pressure.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the displaying step e) comprises displaying a selection field on the control panel of the single automatic beverage following establishment of the communication link between the single automatic beverage dispenser and one of the mobile device; and displaying the at least one user personalized recipe as a result of a manual activation of the selection field by the user.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein following establishment of a communication link to a plurality of the mobile devices, the displaying step e) comprises displaying a plurality of user personalized selection fields on the control panel of the single beverage dispenser, and further including manually activating one of the selection fields by one of the users to dispense a user personalized beverage brewed according to the personalized recipe stored on the mobile device of the one user.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the step c) further comprises transmitting a dataset relating to a user credit to the single automatic beverage machine in addition to transmitting the dataset for the user personalized recipe.

12. The method according to claim 1, further comprising receiving data at the mobile device from the single automatic beverage dispenser and then transmitting the data by the mobile device via an Internet connection to a manufacturer of the fully automatic beverage dispenser, the supplier of ingredients for the beverage, and/or the owner of the beverage dispenser.

13. The method according to claim 1, further comprising transmitting a dataset from the single automatic beverage dispenser to one of the mobile devices for an identification of the single automatic beverage dispenser from among the plurality of automatic beverage dispensers.

14. The method according to claim 1, further comprising at least one of A) indicating a location signal of the single automatic beverage dispenser and B) transmitting a location signal of the single automatic beverage dispenser to one of the mobile devices to identify the single automatic beverage dispenser from among the plurality of automatic beverage dispensers.

15. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of automatic beverage dispensers are of the same design.

16. The method according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the automatic beverage dispensers are of a different design and/or have different settings.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The subject matter of the invention is explained in further detail in the following with the aid of exemplary embodiments and with reference to the drawings, showing in:

(2) FIG. 1 A schematic representation of one embodiment of the inventive method;

(3) FIG. 2 A menu display on a mobile device for making available a personalized recipe for a first type of beverage;

(4) FIG. 3 A menu display on a mobile device for making available a personalized recipe for a second type of beverage;

(5) FIG. 4 A menu display on a mobile device for making available a selection menu with several personalized recipes and several basic recipes;

(6) FIG. 5 An control panel display on a beverage dispenser;

(7) FIG. 6 A menu displaying the individual recipe for a single user from among several users, registered with the beverage dispenser; and

(8) FIG. 7 A menu showing an individual recipe display of a user on the beverage dispenser.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) Referring to FIG. 1, there is shown a fully automatic coffee machine 1 with control panel 4. The fully automatic coffee machine is furthermore provided with modules for preparing and dispensing coffee and/or milk beverages based on preset or personalized recipes.

(10) This refers to a single automatic coffee machine among many automatic coffee machines, wherein the many coffee makers can be distributed, for example, among a corresponding number of restaurants of a restaurant chain or several cafeterias or the like.

(11) A mobile device 2 is furthermore provided for the transmitting of personalized recipes.

(12) An advantageous method for operating an individual beverage dispenser, from among a plurality of beverage dispensers, in particular a hot beverage dispensers preferably a fully automatic coffee machine 1, respectively provided with a display 4 having a communication unit 8 for communicating with a mobile device 2, provided with a communication unit 7, characterized by the following operating steps:

(13) a) Making available one or several recipe(s) R, personalized for a user, for a hot or cold beverage, in particular for a hot beverage, in the form of a dataset 3 on the respective mobile device 2;

(14) b) Automatic establishment of a communication link between one of the beverage dispensers 1upon approach to the respective beverage dispenser 1and the respective mobile devise 2;

(15) c) Transmitting to the beverage dispenser 1 the dataset 3 for the one personalized recipe R or the several personalized recipes for the hot beverage or cold beverage;

(16) d) Temporary storage of the dataset 3 on the data store 5 of the beverage dispenser 1;

(17) e) Displaying of the personalized recipe or recipes R as a selection option on the control panel 4 of the beverage dispenser 1;

(18) f) Triggering the steps for preparation on the beverage dispenser 1 by selecting and confirming the single personalized recipe R or one of the personalized recipes;

(19) g) Preparing and dispensing of the personalized beverage 6; and

(20) h) Deleting or overwriting the temporarily stored dataset from the data store of the single automatic beverage dispenser following a severing the communication link between the single automatic beverage dispenser and the one mobile device, for example after dispensing the beverage.

(21) The fully automatic coffee machine 1 and the mobile device 2 respectively comprise a communication unit 7, 8 for the near range which units connect to each other as soon as the mobile device 2 is close enough to the fully automatic coffee machine 1 so that the communication unit 7 for the mobile device and the communication unit 8 in the fully automatic coffee machine are located in a mutual detection range.

(22) Once this distance between the mobile device 2 and the fully automatic coffee machine 1 is reached, a communication link is established and at least one dataset is transmitted to the fully automatic coffee machine 1.

(23) The fully automatic coffee machine 1 then carries out a number of steps corresponding to the received data.

(24) The control and computing unit 10, in particular a processor, typically realizes the data administration of the fully automatic coffee machine 1 and calculates the price.

(25) In the same way, the mobile device 2 is also provided with a control and computing unit 11, e.g. a processor, and a memory 12, wherein these elements can also form a single structural unit. A display 13 on the on the mobile device 2 for displaying menus for an App is shown only schematically in FIG. 1.

(26) The data and/or the dataset are stored only temporarily. With restaurant chains or in large cafeterias, a high number of clients/users should be assumed, some of whom visit a location only once. Storing all user profiles in all fully automatic coffee machines would therefore not make sense.

(27) Immediately after setting up the communication link, all datasets for the personalized recipes of the respective user can be transmitted to the fully automatic coffee machine 1.

(28) Alternatively, the mobile device 2 can also transmit initially only one dataset to the fully automatic coffee machine, which contains a template relating to the various recipes, wherein each recipe is provided with a code. When selecting a beverage, the code is transmitted to the mobile device 2 for the fully automatic coffee machine, and the concrete personalized recipe, in turn, is transmitted by the mobile device 2 to the fully automatic coffee machine.

(29) The data for the personalized recipes are generated in the mobile device 2, for example by running a computer program thereon, which nowadays is generally called an application or App. Selecting one or several functions can take place on user surfaces of the mobile device, for example by selecting a type of beverage such as coffee, cappuccino, espresso and the like.

(30) The selection of the type of beverage and the input of the beverage can be done individually, without the mobile device 2 already communicating with the fully automatic coffee machine 1. However, the selection of one or several functions of the fully automatic coffee machine can also be done through a temperature setting for individual beverage ingredients for the hot beverage, and/or by specifying the amount of ingredients, or a mixing ratio for such ingredients. By specifying these data, one or several functions of the fully automatic coffee machine can be selected, for example a metering function, and/or a heating function. These functions are preferably input only when transmitting the desired recipe to the fully automatic coffee machine.

(31) The transmitted data can also contain datasets for several recipes which are transmitted by a mobile device to the fully automatic coffee machine. The data entered, for example, by a user to specify a personal profile for a single or several beverage(s), are then available at the fully automatic coffee machine itself, so that the operator can call up hot beverages at the fully automatic coffee machine, based on the respective personal profile. The operator of the fully automatic coffee machine can be a server in a restaurant. In the case of a self-serve machine, the user can also be the owner of the mobile device.

(32) Following the dispensing of the hot beverage, the dataset for the personalized recipe and/or recipes is deleted, and/or is stored only for a short time. In the case of many clients, e.g. for a restaurant chain, the personalized recipes no longer needed are deleted in the memory of the respective fully automatic coffee machine.

(33) The mobile device 2 and the fully automatic coffee machine 1 preferably exchange data via a Bluetooth connection, advantageously having a transmitting range of at least 3 m to 8 m. This includes Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), Bluetooth 2.0 as well as smart Bluetooth.

(34) Possible setting options on the mobile device 2 and on the fully automatic coffee machine 1 are explained in further detail in the following, with the aid of FIGS. 2 to 7.

(35) FIG. 2 shows an example for a user surface or control panel with a setup menu 20 on a mobile telephone, serving as the mobile device.

(36) A field is preferably used in the following for the input and/or setting field for entering and/or displaying information.

(37) The setup menu comprises a name field 21 where the user can input a name for the personalized beverage. The setup menu 20 also comprises several ingredient fields 22 and 23. The ingredient field 22 can be activated, for example, to adjust the strength of the coffee (amount of coffee grounds). If the ingredient field 23 is activated, the temperature and quantity of milk and/or milk foam can be selected. A sliding bar 24 can be used to select the quality and/or ratio between the ingredients.

(38) The setup menu 20 furthermore comprises a field 25 for triggering the storage of the input ingredients. Thus, no automatic storage of the input data immediately upon entering the data on the mobile device occurs without confirmationwhich would have the disadvantage of an undesirable storage of recipes not intended for storage and/or associated datasets. Data are stored only following a manual triggering of the storage. The setting menu furthermore can comprise a field 26 for resetting the menu to a factory setting. The first setup menu 20 can be provided specifically for a single coffee flavor, such as cappuccino.

(39) Corresponding to FIG. 2, FIG. 3 shows a second setup menu 30 with a field 35 for triggering the storage of the entered ingredients, along with a field 36 for resetting to a factory setting. The name field 31 is furthermore intended for entering the designation of the personalized beverage, wherein a macchiato variant is created in this case. Several ingredient fields 32, 33 and 37 are also provided. The ingredient fields 32, 37 are used for adjusting the strength and, if applicable, the quality of two successively dispensed coffee portions. The ingredient field 33 is used for adjusting the temperature of the milk or a milk foam and, if applicable, also the quality of the milk. In addition, the temperature of the added coffee flavor can be adjusted on a field 38.

(40) The quantities of the individual ingredients can be displayed and/or input via the sliding bar 34.

(41) FIG. 4 shows the user surface of a selection menu 40 on a mobile telephone used for the mobile device.

(42) The display fields 41 and 43 show one or several previously stored recipes (e.g. coffee, cappuccino and the like, prepared according to previously stored, standard recipes for the machine). The (operating) fields 42a, 42b and 42c are touch-activated and represent so-called beverage types. By selecting one of the beverage types, a pre-selection of ingredients can already be made.

(43) The fields 44, 45 and 46 stand for and/or represent already personalized recipes which can still be changed through activation.

(44) The field 47 is a display field by means of which the mobile device 2 informs the user that a communication link has been established with a fully automatic coffee machine 1.

(45) FIG. 5 represents a basic menu 50 on the control display 4 of the fully automatic coffee machine 1. Selected thereon can be preset basic recipes, stored in the memory of the fully automatic coffee machine 1, such as coffee to go or milk coffee, wherein by pushing the fields 52a-52e, the price information for each beverage is also provided.

(46) A selection field 53 called MySelection is also provided. The basis menu 50 comprises a field 51 which allows changing the language on the display when it is activated.

(47) When activating this field 53, it is possible to change to a client selection menu 60 if several users are registered for the device. The client selection menu 60 comprises a field 62 through which the language on the display can be changed when it is activated. An additional field 65 is a reload field for reactivating the system. Finally, a field 61 is provided, e.g. named home, which allows resetting the fully automatic coffee machine to the basic menu 50.

(48) As can be seen in the client selection menu, client fields 63a-63d are displayed if several clients are registered. When activating the client fields 63a-63d, a switch takes place to a personalized selection menu 70 for a single user.

(49) With only one user registered on the device, a direct change to the selection menu 70 occurs when the selection field 53 is activated.

(50) This personalized selection menu 60 comprises a field 61, e.g. named home, which allows resetting the fully automatic coffee machine to the basic menu 50.

(51) Referring to FIG. 7, the selection menu 70 comprises a field 71 which, when activated, allows changing the language of the display. The menu name 73 can be input freely on the mobile device by the client and is displayed correspondingly on the display of the fully automatic coffee machine.

(52) The fields 74a to 74c show the respective personalized recipes and, if applicable, also a price for each recipe. The price can be computed individually for each recipe, e.g. based on the number of ingredients used, or it can be given a price based on the respective type of beverage.

(53) By activating the fields 74a to 74c or by activating a field 74a to 74c and an additional fieldhere called MySelection fieldthe beverage according to the personalized recipe can be dispensed.

(54) The selection menu 40 (FIG. 4) can be adapted user-specific. For example, a special ingredient to be used in the fully automatic coffee machine for preparing the specified recipe, but which is not available, can be deactivated and/or the field turned gray, so that the user can see that a selection of a specific recipe is not possible.

(55) The selection menu 40 can also comprise additional ingredients for several types of hot beverages, for example one or several flavor additives such as almond, vanilla or nut aromas.

(56) Preparation parameters that can be changed can additionally be stored individually on the selection menu, such as the amount of water supplied, the temperature and/or the pressure.

(57) Further preparation parameters can involve the degree and duration of the foaming of the milk foam and/or the type of flavor additive.

(58) When establishing the communication link, the fully automatic coffee machine can also transmit an identification signal, so that the mobile device transmits the data in a manner adapted to the respective display of the fully automatic coffee machine. The display of the user profile can thus be varied depending on the display size of the fully automatic coffee machine.

(59) The menu template can comprise a selection of beverage names for selecting the hot beverages on the fully automatic coffee machine, wherein the menu template may be adapted to the display 4 of the fully automatic coffee machine. The menu template can be adapted on the mobile device 1 via a detection signal, to match the respective display of the specific machine.

(60) In this way, the hot beverages can also have restaurant-specific names which may differ from those specified by the manufacturer.

(61) The respective name of the hot beverage can be provided with an identification code ID. When selecting the respective hot beverage on the menu template, data relating to the identification code ID can be transmitted to the mobile device.

(62) With the aid of the identification code ID, the preset business-specific or user-specific composition of the selected hot beverage is then called up by the mobile device.

(63) Alternative to transmitting a menu templet with ID code, the complete recipe for all personalized beverages can also be transmitted to the fully automatic coffee machine and can be stored there temporarily.

(64) Thus, the user is not expected to operate complex selection menus on the fully automatic coffee machine. The final selection and triggering of the preparation occur as before by the user on the fully automatic coffee machine 1, either by the user or a server. However, the mobile device 2 contains the personalized preparation recipes, which can be stored there or can be downloaded from the Internet or a cloud application.

(65) The fully automatic coffee machine can also be operated without a mobile device 2, using the basic menu 50. However, if a communication link is established with a corresponding mobile device 2, the functionality of the fully automatic coffee machine can be expanded further and user-specific and/or business-specific preparation recipes in a personalized selection menu 70 can be used, without this requiring a separate overwriting of the data on the fully automatic coffee machine.

(66) In this way, even the latest changes to coffee products or newly created products can be implemented via a company-internal Internet page and/or can be overwritten on mobile devices 2, without this requiring software updates for the fully automatic coffee machine 1.

(67) The menu datasets are preferably stored in the form of a so-called App on a smartphone or on a tablet.

(68) A so-called BLE (Bluetooth Low Energy) communication link is preferably used for the data transmission between the fully automatic coffee machine 1 and the mobile device 2. This type of data transmission is supported without restrictions by all manufacturers for all types of cell phones and/or smartphones, for example iOS and Android.

(69) The BLE communication range is generally restricted to 10 m, similar to that of Bluetooth 2.0. As soon as a fully automatic coffee machine 1 is within this range to the smartphone, it connects to the smartphone. The identification signal is already transmitted along when using this type of connection. Since the amounts of data transmitted via Bluetooth should be very low, the respective recipes remain on the mobile device. A special recipe is transmitted individually to the fully automatic coffee machine only following the selection of this recipe.

(70) A near field communication (NFC) can also be used for the data transmission as an alternative to a Bluetooth connection.

(71) According to one embodiment of the method according to the invention, information is transmitted to the manufacturer. Fully automatic coffee machines are typically not connected to the Internet.

(72) Within the scope of a further embodiment, however, data 9 transmitted by the fully automatic coffee machine to the mobile device can also be transmitted further to the manufacturer or to third parties via the Internet. For example, the manufacturer is provided information relating to upcoming service or maintenance operations, or a supplier or central unit of a company is provided information, if applicable, that relates to an upcoming shortage of coffee and/or milk.

(73) The personal recipes are advantageously highlighted in an additional, specially emphasized menu, wherein these are displayed in addition to the existing coffee products offered by the operator. If the user has modified a preferred coffee flavor in the App, which is not offered by the operator, a complete menu is not shown but only showing the recipes which can be prepared on the respective machine. The user can thus select advantageously only those recipes which can be prepared on the machine, e.g. the respective operator can offer and/or permit the dispensing of only those recipes.

(74) For example, some operators my not offer coffee products prepared with milk. Or some operators may not permit that the amount of coffee used for preparing the respective coffee beverage is changed or is changed in excess of a specific amount.

(75) The method can be utilized for a great many automatic beverage dispensers which are all of the same type and/or have the same design. However, the method preferably cannot only be used for a plurality of different beverage dispensers of the same type and/or design, but also for automatic beverage dispensers of different design and/or with different settings. The computer program in the mobile devicegenerally an APPcan have a specified range of settings and can contain a number of previously stored recipes which exceed the individual device types. That is not a problem since a matching between mobile device and machine takes place following the establishing of the communication link.

(76) The amount of coffee grounds, milk etc. to be used is determined by the fully automatic coffee machine 1. The quality of the ingredients for the favored coffee flavor is therefore determined and a final price determined by the fully automatic coffee machine. This final price can be determined ahead of time when transmitting the favored recipe and can be displayed.

(77) The fully automatic coffee machine 1 advantageously comprises sensors, for example filling level sensors, for determining the amounts and/or the volume.

(78) With respect to user administration, several users can be registered simultaneously in the fully automatic coffee machine. Each user having a mobile device and a corresponding software and/or App is automatically connected to the fully automatic coffee machine 1. The operator, e.g. an employee of a business where the fully automatic coffee machine 1 is set up, can select the personalized recipe for the hot beverage on the fully automatic coffee machine 1. The client can provide the user in this case with the name of the selected recipe. The user can select several orders simultaneously, which are then processed by the fully automatic coffee machine. Thus, the recipes of different clients can be selected simultaneously on the control panel of the fully automatic coffee machine. Several clients can therefore be registered at the same time in the fully automatic coffee machine 1, and the operator can select and/or adjust a sequence for the dispensing.

(79) In the case of a self-service fully automatic coffee machine 1, the user can be directed to the next free machine, wherein the recipe is transmitted to this fully automatic coffee machine. The user is given information as to which fully automatic coffee machine 1 will dispense the requested beverage. The actual brewing operation, however, is triggered on the fully automatic coffee machine 1 that is suitable and designed for preparing the beverage.

(80) Overall, the present invention or individual preferred embodiments thereof have several advantages:

(81) The method according to the invention is preferably used commercially and not for household use since it is particularly suitable for a very large number of users, meaning for several thousand users.

(82) An authentication identification and/or a manual connection between the mobile device and the fully automatic coffee machine 1 is not intended and not necessary according to one preferred embodiment of the method. The communication link between the mobile device and the fully automatic coffee machine 1 is established automatically. Also, not necessary is a first initialization or connection, such as is needed for BT technologies in the automobile industry.

(83) A general communication link can be established, independent of a specific type of fully automatic coffee machine 1, meaning the link is established with a fully automatic coffee machine 1 provided with an optional, correspondingly designed program for realizing the method. This is important particularly for professional uses since it allows a user to make use of the option of a beverage dispensed based on a personalized recipe, independent of a location or an individual machine. Slight adjustments can conceivably also be made, depending on the type and design of the fully automatic coffee machine 1, for example if an automatic coffee machine does not offer all adjustment options which are provided according to the App in the mobile device.

(84) It is preferable if the beverage dispenser automatically detects the user.

(85) According to one embodiment, several users can be registered simultaneously in a fully automatic coffee machine 1, which is of advantage in a restaurant or a cafeteria. Names or identifications for the individual client are in that case preferably displayed on the machine, so that the actual service personnel can start the preparation for the individual user. The communication link can insofar be personalized, meaning it can be assigned to an App defined by the operator, so that the personalized access to a fully automatic coffee machine 1 can be controlled by the operator. This is particularly advantageous for chain businesses, meaning several businesses belonging to a single enterprise or group of enterprises.

(86) With multi-user applications, each individual user preferably can select and has available his/her own products and/or personalized recipes.

(87) The detection range and/or distance between the fully automatic coffee machine 1 and the mobile device can be scaled to adapt it to the respective spatial conditions.

(88) According to a different embodiment, the communication link can be configured in different ways, for example relating to payment with individual calculation, and/or based on special product features and/or characteristics of the respectively personalized recipes.

(89) Furthermore, conceivable is the defining of different access levels with this method. Thus, the beverage dispenser can be operated only by employees or it can be designed for payment by external parties, e.g. clients in a restaurant or a business.

(90) The beverage dispenser advantageously displays the personalized recipes of the user actively on the control panel, for example in the form of a greeting.

(91) The mobile device need only be carried along, e.g. in a pocket. The user does not have to execute any actions/activities on the mobile device.

(92) It will be understood that the above description of the present invention is susceptible to various modifications, changes and adaptations, and that the same are intended to be comprehended within the meaning and range of equivalents of the appended claims.