Automatic-locking safety needle covers and methods of use and manufacture

Abstract

A single-use needle cover configured to obscure, protect, or hide at least a portion of a needle from view before, during, and/or after an injection and/or aspiration procedure is disclosed. In some embodiments, the cover includes a housing at least partially containing the needle and configured to couple to a syringe, wherein the housing includes an axis and a guide member. In some embodiments, a sleeve has a plurality of tracks configured to slidingly receive the guide member, wherein the sleeve is configured to retract, extend, and rotate with respect to the housing. In some embodiments, after the sleeve has been retracted and extended one time, a first locking member inhibits further retraction of the sleeve and a second locking member inhibits rotation of the sleeve.

Claims

1. A single-use needle cover configured to automatically shield a distal tip of a needle before, during, or after a medical procedure, the single-use needle cover comprising: a housing at least partially containing the needle, the needle configured to receive fluid from a syringe; a sleeve configured to retract to expose the distal tip of the needle, to extend to shield the distal tip of the needle, and to slide and rotate with respect to the housing, the sleeve comprising a channel that at least partially receives the needle; one of the housing and the sleeve comprising a protrusion and the other of the housing and the sleeve comprising a plurality of tracks, the plurality of tracks configured to slidingly receive the protrusion, the plurality of tracks comprising a first track, a second track, and a transfer track; wherein the needle cover is configured such that during retraction of the sleeve to a retracted position: the protrusion slides along the first track in a first longitudinal direction generally parallel with a longitudinal axis of the needle; the protrusion moves from the first track into the transfer track in which the protrusion slides at an angle relative to the longitudinal axis of the needle; and the protrusion moves from the transfer track into the second track in which the protrusion slides in the first longitudinal direction generally parallel with the longitudinal axis of the needle; and wherein, the single-use needle cover is configured such that: when the sleeve is in the retracted position, a distal end of the sleeve is substantially flush with a distal end of the housing; and after the sleeve has been retracted to the retracted position and extended one time, a locking mechanism automatically inhibits the sleeve from retracting a second time to expose the distal tip of the needle.

2. The single-use needle cover of claim 1, wherein, after the sleeve has been retracted and extended one time, a second locking member automatically inhibits rotation of the sleeve.

3. The single-use needle cover of claim 1, wherein, after the sleeve has been retracted and extended one time, a longitudinal axis of the sleeve is generally parallel with the longitudinal axis of the needle.

4. The single-use needle cover of claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises a distal end with a radially inwardly extending shoulder, and wherein the protrusion is positioned on the shoulder.

5. The single-use needle cover of claim 1, wherein the first track further comprises an insertion portion that includes a longitudinally facing aperture at the distal end of the sleeve.

6. The single-use needle cover of claim 1, wherein the first and second tracks have substantially equal longitudinal lengths.

7. The single-use needle cover of claim 1, wherein the first longitudinal direction is in the distal direction.

8. A single-use needle cover configured to shield a distal tip of a needle, the single-use needle cover comprising: a housing at least partially containing the needle, the housing having a distal end and a proximal end, the proximal end of the housing being configured to couple to a syringe; a sleeve slidably coupled with the housing, the sleeve comprising a channel that at least partially receives the needle, the sleeve configured to move relative to the housing from an extended position, to a retracted position, to a locked position; a cap comprising a proximal portion and a distal portion and an opening between the proximal and distal portions, the proximal portion configured to removably connect with the distal end of the housing, the distal portion of the cap being configured to move between a closed position and an open position while the proximal portion remains connected to the distal end of the housing; wherein, with the sleeve in the extended position and the cap in the closed position, the distal portion of the cap extends over the distal end of the sleeve, thereby shielding the distal end of the sleeve and inhibiting the sleeve from being moved proximally into the housing; and wherein, with the sleeve in the extended position and the cap in the open position, the distal end of the sleeve extends though the opening in the cap and is not shielded by the distal portion of the cap, thereby exposing the distal end of the sleeve and enabling the sleeve to be moved proximally into the housing to expose the distal tip of the needle.

9. The single-use needle cover of claim 8, wherein one of the housing and the sleeve comprising a guide member and the other of the housing and the sleeve comprising a plurality of tracks, the plurality of tracks configured to slidingly receive the guide member.

10. The single-use needle cover of claim 9, wherein the plurality of tracks includes a first track and a second track, and wherein the guide member moves from the first track into the second track when the sleeve is retracted into the housing a sufficient distance.

11. The single-use needle cover of claim 10, wherein the cap is configured to inhibit the sleeve from being retracted into the housing the sufficient distance to move the guide member from the first track into the second track.

12. The single-use needle cover of claim 8, wherein the needle cover further comprises a locking member that engages when the sleeve is retracted into the housing a sufficient distance.

13. The single-use needle cover of claim 12, wherein the cap is configured to permit the sleeve to be retracted into the housing but not inhibit the sleeve from being retracted into the housing the sufficient distance to engage the locking member.

14. The single-use needle cover of claim 8, wherein the cap further comprises a hinge connecting the proximal portion and the distal portion, and wherein the distal portion of the cap is configured to pivot, about the hinge, between the closed position and the open position.

15. An automatically locking needle cover comprising: a housing having a locking member; a needle having a longitudinal axis, a distal end having a distal tip configured to be inserted into a patient, and a proximal end contained in the housing; and a sleeve that is telescopically receivable within the housing and slidably movable over the needle, the sleeve being moveable relative to the housing and needle from an extended position to a retracted position to a locked position; wherein, in the extended position, the distal tip of the sleeve is positioned distal of the distal tip of the needle; wherein one of the sleeve and the housing comprises a guide member and the other of the sleeve and the housing comprises (i) first and second tracks that are substantially parallel with the longitudinal axis and (ii) a transfer track between the first and second tracks, the first track comprising: an insertion portion that is configured to slidably receive the guide member therealong during assembly of the sleeve with the housing; an incline at a proximal end of the insertion portion, the incline configured to allow the guide member to move up the incline and out of the insertion portion; and a stop configured such that, when the guide member has been moved out of the insertion portion and is in the first track, the stop inhibits the guide member from reentering the insertion portion; wherein, during movement of the sleeve from the retracted position to the locked position, the guide member travels in the second track, but not in the first track and not in the transfer track; and wherein, during movement of the sleeve from the retracted position to the locked position, the sleeve engages the locking member of the housing, thereby inhibiting the sleeve from moving to expose the distal tip of the needle.

16. The automatically locking needle cover of claim 15, wherein, after the guide member has been moved out of the insertion portion and is in the first track, the stop facilitates movement of the guide member into the transfer track.

17. The automatically locking needle cover of claim 16, wherein in the course of movement of the sleeve from the extended position to the retracted position, the guide member travels along the first, second, and transfer tracks.

18. The automatically locking needle cover of claim 15, wherein the housing comprises a proximal portion and a separate distal portion that are joined together.

19. The automatically locking needle cover of claim 18, wherein the proximal and distal portion of the housing are welded together.

20. The automatically locking needle cover of claim 15, wherein the first track extends from a distal tip of the sleeve to adjacent a flange of the sleeve.

21. The automatically locking needle cover of claim 15, wherein the insertion portion comprises an aperture at the distal end of the sleeve, the aperture configured to receive the guide member during assembly of the sleeve with the housing.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 illustrates a perspective view of an embodiment of a needle cover.

(2) FIG. 1A illustrates a cross-sectional view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 along the line 1A-1A in a ready for use, fully extended and unlocked, first position.

(3) FIG. 1B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 1B-1B.

(4) FIG. 1C illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with a removable cap in the closed position.

(5) FIG. 1D illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 with a removable cap in the open position.

(6) FIG. 2 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a, partially retracted, second position.

(7) FIG. 2A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 2A-2A.

(8) FIG. 2B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 2B-2B.

(9) FIG. 3 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a, partially retracted, third position, in which a flange has engaged a rotational locking member.

(10) FIG. 3A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 3A-3A.

(11) FIG. 3B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 3B-3B.

(12) FIG. 4 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a, partially retracted, fourth position, in which the rotational locking member has been locked.

(13) FIG. 4A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 4A-4A.

(14) FIG. 4B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 4B-4B.

(15) FIG. 5 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a, fully retracted, fifth position.

(16) FIG. 5A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 5A-5A.

(17) FIG. 6 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a partially extended sixth position, in which the flange has engaged an axially locking member.

(18) FIG. 6A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 6A-6A.

(19) FIG. 7 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a partially extended seventh position, in which the flange has further engaged the at least one axial locking member.

(20) FIG. 7A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 7A-7A.

(21) FIG. 8 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 1 in a fully extended reuse-prevented, eighth position.

(22) FIG. 8A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 8A-8A.

(23) FIG. 9 illustrates a perspective view of another embodiment of a needle cover.

(24) FIG. 9A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 9A-9A in a ready for use, fully extended and unlocked, position.

(25) FIG. 9B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 9B-9B.

(26) FIG. 10 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 in a partially retracted position.

(27) FIG. 10A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 10A-10A.

(28) FIG. 10B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 10B-10B.

(29) FIG. 11 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 in a fully retracted second position.

(30) FIG. 11A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 11A-11A.

(31) FIG. 11B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 11B-11B.

(32) FIG. 12 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 in a first partially extended position.

(33) FIG. 12A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 12A-12A.

(34) FIG. 12B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 12B-12B.

(35) FIG. 13 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 in a second partially extended position.

(36) FIG. 13A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 13A-13A.

(37) FIG. 13B illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 13B-13B.

(38) FIG. 14 illustrates a perspective view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 in a fully-extended, reuse-prevented, position.

(39) FIG. 14A illustrates a cross-sectional view along the line 14A-14A.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

(40) A variety of examples of needle covers are described below to illustrate various examples that may be employed to achieve the desired improvements. These examples are only illustrative and not intended in any way to restrict the general inventions presented and the various aspects and features of these inventions. For example, although embodiments and examples are provided herein in the medical field, the inventions are not confined exclusively to the medical field and certain embodiments can be used in other fields. Furthermore, the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting. No features, structure, or step disclosed herein is essential or indispensible.

(41) FIG. 1 illustrates a needle cover 10 that may be removably coupled to a standard or specially configured syringe (not shown). The cover 10 includes features and components, discussed below in detail, that generally obscure, protect, or hide at least a portion of (or substantially all of) a needle 16 from view before, during, and/or after an injection and/or aspiration procedure, thereby reducing or alleviating at least some anxiety or fear that might otherwise be felt by certain patients or other individuals upon seeing the needle 16. In some embodiments, all or nearly all of the needle is obscured, hidden, or protected by the cover 10. The cover 10 can also include features and components that permit a fluid transfer procedure to be performed before an injection and/or aspiration procedure without automatically preventing further use, but that automatically prevent the cover 10 and the associated needle 16 from being used more than once to perform an injection and/or aspiration procedure. As used herein, the terms automatically, and automatic, and similar terms, are intended to have their ordinary meanings in the field. In some embodiments, as the context reflects, these terms refer to a mechanism or process that occurs in normal usage of a product, or that occurs while the user is performing another process, without requiring an additional step or manipulation by the user to achieve the desired result. Although the illustrated cover 10 is configured to be coupled to and removed from a syringe, the cover 10 may instead be integrally formed with the syringe or connected, either removably or permanently, to another medical implement. In either case, the syringe is generally of a known type suitable for the withdrawal and injection and/or aspiration of fluids or other solutions by way of the cover 10. The locking system and/or reuse-inhibition features of the cover 10 could be used with many different types of medical and non-medical products.

(42) In the illustrated construction of FIGS. 1 and 1A, the cover 10 includes a generally cylindrical housing 14 that includes an axis 18, along which the needle 16 is positioned. A distal end of the housing 14 couples to a sleeve 12 configured to move along and at least partially rotate about the axis 18. As used herein, proximal, or any derivative thereof, refers to a direction toward the end of the cover 10 that connects to a medical device, e.g. a syringe; distal, or any derivatives thereof, refers to a direction toward the end of the cover 10 that contacts the surface to be penetrated with the needle 16, e.g. a patient's skin. A channel 26 and an aperture 28 are included in the sleeve 12 in order to permit the needle 16 to pass therethrough.

(43) In some embodiments, a proximal end 34 of the housing 14 can comprise a hub 20 that can be configured for either removable or permanent attachment to the syringe, or that may be integrally formed with the syringe. For example, the hub 20 may include internal or external threads or other suitable coupling, latching, or locking features such as tabs, slots, projections, pressure/snap fits, and the like, which may be provided in various combinations on various portions of the hub 20 for coupling to the syringe. The coupling features can engage corresponding features provided on the syringe to removably couple the cover 10 to the syringe. In some embodiments, the hub 20 may be permanently fixed (e.g. by sonic welding, adhesive, pressure/snap fit, or the like) or integrally formed with the syringe. In some embodiments, the housing 14 includes a generally cylindrically reduced needle support portion 30 that extends axially from the hub 20 and supports the needle 16. As shown, the housing 14 and/or hub 20 are in fluid communication with the needle 16, thus permitting fluid to pass between the syringe and the needle 16.

(44) The inside surface 22 of the housing 14 can include a central chamber 36. A distal end 38 of the housing 14 can include a radially inwardly extending shoulder 40 that includes an opening 42 that communicates with the chamber 36. The opening 42 slidingly receives the sleeve 12 that in turn receives and at least partially covers the needle 16, as will be discussed in further detail below. A guide member 44 extends radially inwardly from the shoulder 40 and is configured to engage one or more tracks formed in the sleeve 12. The outer surface 24 of the housing 14 can include an outer portion 46 that is textured, knurled, or the like to facilitate grasping the cover 10.

(45) As shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A, the housing 14 can include at least one axial locking member 50. In some embodiments the axial locking member 50 is positioned at least partially within an opening 48 included in the housing 14. As shown, a first end 52 of the axial locking member 50 can be coupled to the housing 14, while the second end 54 of the axial locking member 50 can be disposed radially inward compared to the inner surface 22. In some embodiments, the axial locking member 50 is generally resilient, so that the radially inwardly disposed second ends 54 can flex and then return to the original position even after the ends 54 have been radially outwardly deflected. In some embodiments, the first end 52 is larger than the second end 54, e.g. the axial locking member 50 can taper from the first end 50 to the second end 54. In some embodiments, the axial locking member 50 includes a latching member, such as a hook, clasp, detent, ratchet, or other structure.

(46) In the illustrated arrangement the housing 14 is of unitary construction. This can be advantageous in that it reduces the total number of components to be assembled to form the cover 10. In some embodiments, the housing 14 is formed from a plurality of components. For example, a proximal portion and a distal portion of the housing 14 can be separate components that are joined using techniques, such as but not limited to sonic welding, adhesive, snap or press fitting, or the like.

(47) With regard to FIG. 1A, the illustrated sleeve 12 includes a proximal end 60 positioned within the chamber 36 and a distal end 62 generally covering the distal tip 96 of the needle 16. The proximal end 60 includes a radially outwardly extending flange 64 that seats against the shoulder 40 of the distal end 38. As shown, the proximal end 60 can also include a substantially annular and axially extending locating portion 66 that locates a biasing member in the form of a spring 70. In some embodiments the inner surface 22 of the proximal end 34 of the housing 14 includes a similar portion 68 for locating the spring 70. The sleeve 12 can include a collapsible portion.

(48) In the illustrated embodiment, the spring 70 engages and extends between the proximal end 60 of the sleeve 12 and the proximal end 34 of the housing 14. The spring 70 biases the sleeve 12 toward an extended position in which the flange 64 of the sleeve 12 is biased into engagement with the shoulder 40 of the distal end of the housing 38, and the sleeve 12 completely covers the distal tip 96 of the needle 16. Many types of springs may be employed, such as but not limited to a helical coil spring, conical spring, wave-spring, Belleville washer, or the like. In some embodiments, the spring 70 is a helical coil spring having a free length of about 25 mm and a spring rate of about 0.12 N/mm through the linear portion of the spring's deflection. Other constructions may include softer or stiffer springs depending on the application, and may be constructed of substantially any suitable material. In some embodiments, the spring 70 is configured to facilitate retraction of the sleeve 12 by a user applying distal pressure to the syringe and/or the cover 10 with just one hand. Progressive springs and/or multiple springs of varying lengths may also be used to provide a variable effective spring rate during movement of the sleeve 12 between fully extended and fully retracted positions.

(49) The channel 26 can extend through the sleeve 12 and include a proximal portion 90, a tapered portion 92, and a distal portion 94. The proximal portion 90 can be configured to receive the needle support portion 30 of the housing 14 as the sleeve 12 is retracted. For example, in some embodiments the needle support portion 30 has a diameter of at least about 0.5 mm and/or less than or equal to about 5 mm and an axial length of at least about 2 mm and/or less than or equal to about 2.5 mm and the proximal portion 90 of the channel 26 has a diameter of at least about 0.6 mm, and/or less than or equal to about 6 mm and an axial length of at least about 2.5 mm and/or less than or equal to about 26 mm. In some embodiments, the diameter of the proximal portion 90 is larger than the diameter of the distal portion 92. In the arrangement shown, the tapered portion 92 transitions between the proximal and distal channel portions 90, 94. The tapered portion 92 can guide the needle 16 into the distal channel 94. In the embodiment shown, the distal portion 94 of the channel 26 has a diameter that is about the same as the outside diameter of the needle 16 in order to, for example, support the needle 16.

(50) Turning now to FIG. 1B, the illustrated flange 64 includes an outwardly extending portion 100 from which an impeding member 102, such as a resilient member, extends, e.g. circumferentially, radially, axially, a combination thereof, or the like. The end 104 of the impeding member 102 shown is shaped as a radially outwardly extending wedge (such that the radial width of the impeding member 102 increases toward the end 104) that has an inclined face 106 and a generally flat face 108. Similarly, a generally wedge-shaped rotational locking member 110, e.g. an axial rib, extends radially inwardly from the inner surface 22 of the housing 14 and includes an inclined face 112 and a generally flat face 114. In the variant shown, the inclined face 112 is configured to be in the opposite direction as the inclined face 106. Although the end 104 and rotational locking member 110 shown are generally wedge-shaped, many shapes can be used, such as but not limited to generally hemispherical, frustoconical, undulating or the like. In some embodiments, the axial length of the rotational locking member 110 is greater than the axial length of the impeding member 102 and/or the sleeve 64. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the impeding member 102 is configured to fit into at least a portion of the rotational locking member 110 or vice versa. For example, the impeding member 102 can comprise a tab configured to fit within a slot included in the rotational locking member 110. In some embodiments, at least a portion of the impeding member 102 is configured to fit into an opening in the housing 14. A notch 116 separates the outwardly extending portion 100 and the end 104. The notch 116 can be configured to be at least as large as the axial cross-section of the axial locking member 50, as will be discussed in further detail below.

(51) Turning back to FIG. 1, the sleeve 12 includes a plurality of tracks 80-84 to aid in, for example, directing the sleeve 12 during movement. In many arrangements, the tracks are configured to slidingly receive the guide member 44 of the housing 12. Accordingly, the tracks 80-84 can be configured to have a similar cross-sectional shape as the guide member 44, e.g., generally rectangular, generally T-shaped, generally circular sector, or the like. For instance, the illustrated guide member 44 and the tracks 80-84 are generally trapezoidal in cross sectional shape. A first track 80 and a second track 82 are generally parallel to the axis 18 and extend along the sleeve 12 from the proximal end 60 to the distal end 62. A separation member 85 separates the tracks 80, 82 throughout at least a portion of, or most of, their length. A separate transfer track 84 can be positioned in a middle or intermediate region along the length of the sleeve and at angle relative to the axis 18 (e.g., non-parallel to the axis), and can interrupt the separation member 85 and intersect the first and second tracks 80, 82. The transfer track 84 can thus connect the first and second tracks 80, 82 to permit the guide member 44 to shift between the first and second tracks 80, 82 as will be discussed in further detail below. The transfer track 84 can be generally straight and non-curvilinear to facilitate smooth travel along the transfer tack 84. In the example illustrated, the intersection of the transfer track 84 is positioned in about the middle of the sleeve 12, and the intersection of the transfer track 84 and the first track 80 is proximal to the intersection of the transfer track 84 and the second track 82. In some embodiments, the length of the transfer track 84 can be generally about the same size as a cross-sectional width (e.g., a diameter) of the sleeve 12 and can be substantially smaller than the length of the sleeve 12. In the illustrated embodiment, the transfer track 84 does not constitute a portion of, or a continuation of, either of the first or second tracks 80, 82; rather, the transfer track 84 extends away from both other tracks 80, 82 at a point on each track 80, 82 that is spaced between the beginning and end of the tracks 80, 82 (e.g., at an intermediate or middle region of the tracks 80, 82).

(52) In some embodiments the first track 80 includes an insertion portion 86 distal to the transfer track 84. The insertion portion 86 can be configured to be inclined in the proximal direction and terminate in a generally flat face 88 at the intersection between the first track 80 and the transfer track 84. In certain embodiments, the insertion portion 86 facilitates assembly of the cover 10. For example, during assembly of one arrangement the sleeve 12 is inserted through the proximal end 34 of the housing 14 and moved distally. The distal end 62 of the sleeve 12 is positioned so that the guide member 44 is generally aligned with insertion portion 86 of the first track 80. As the sleeve is moved distally the guide member 44 moves or rides up the incline of the insertion portion 86 until reaching the generally flat face 88, at which point the guide member 44 can snap to the bottom of the first track 80. Thereafter, the flat face 88 can inhibit or prevent disassembly of the cover 10 by presenting a barrier to the guide member 44 moving distally along the insertion portion 86. Further, the flat face 88 can direct the guide member 44 from the first track 80 to the transfer track 84 during retraction of the sleeve 12.

(53) The cover 10 can have many different sizes, to accommodate the various sizes of needle and types of insertion and/or withdrawal procedures. For example, the cover 10 can be configured to accommodate needles used in medical (including dentistry) and veterinary procedures. In some embodiments the cover 10 can have an overall length of at least about 10 mm and/or less than or equal to about 100 mm, a housing 14 diameter of at least about 6 mm and/or less than or equal to about 20 mm, and a sleeve 12 diameter of at least about 3 mm and/or less than or equal to about 18 mm. In some embodiments, the sleeve 12 is longer than the housing 14; in some embodiments, the housing 14 is longer than the sleeve 12. Some examples of the cover 10 include a housing 14 with a length of about at least about 5 mm and/or equal to or less than about 50 mm and a sleeve with a length of about at least about 5 mm and/or equal to or less than about 50 mm. Other arrangements have a housing 14 with a length of at least about 15 mm and/or equal to or less than about 30 mm and a sleeve with a length of about at least about 10 mm and/or less than or equal to about 40 mm. Some embodiments of the cover are configured for use with needles 16 having a gauge of at least about 7 and/or less than or equal to about 34.

(54) Many embodiments of the sleeve 12 and housing 14 are configured to provide a variety of potential insertion depths (the maximum penetration distance by the needle 16). This can assist in addressing, for example, dissimilar desired insertion depths between various procedures, e.g. intramuscular versus subcutaneous injections. In some embodiments, the potential insertion depth is determined by the distance the sleeve 12 travels from the fully extended position (FIG. 1) to the fully retracted position (FIG. 5). In some embodiments, the potential insertion depth is at least 1 mm and/or less than or equal to about 30 mm. In another construction, the potential insertion depth is at least 3 mm and/or less than or equal to about 70 mm. In some embodiments, there is a mechanism for determining, setting, and/or varying the potential insertion depth. For example, some embodiments include a stop member (not shown) extending radially inwardly from the inner surface 22 of the housing 14 and coupled to an axially movable ratchet, such that the proximal end 60 of the sleeve 12 abuts against the stop member when a desired level of insertion depth is attained. In some embodiments, the cover 10 includes indicia, e.g. a scale printed on the sleeve 12, to indicate the insertion depth of the needle 16.

(55) The cover 10, and components thereof, can be formed using many manufacturing processes sufficient to provide the desired shape of the components. In some embodiments one or more components are made by a molding process, such as but not limited to injection molding, compression molding, blow molding, transfer molding, or similar. In some embodiments, one or more components are formed by forging, machining, casting, stamping, extrusion, a combination thereof, or the like.

(56) In many embodiments, the cover 10 is constructed from a biocompatible material. In some arrangements one or more of the components of the cover 10 are plastic (e.g. polyetheretherketone) or metal (e.g., aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, or the like). In some embodiments, the housing 14 and/or the sleeve 12 are constructed of materials that are translucent, opaque, or otherwise optically distortive, such that some portion (such as the tip) or all of the needle 16 is not generally visible to the patient in a typical injection and/or aspiration procedure before, during, and/or after the injection and/or aspiration itself. Furthermore, aside from the channel 26 and the openings 48 in the housing 14 for the axial locking member 50, certain examples of the housing 14 and sleeve 12 are generally or entirely enclosed, e.g., devoid of slots, openings, or other apertures to inhibit a patient from viewing the needle 16. Thus, during an injection and/or aspiration procedure, any portion of the needle 16 that does not extend through the channel 26 can be obscured from view by the housing 14 and sleeve 12, and any portion of the needle 16 that extends through the channel 16 will be obscured from view because it is inside a vial or inside the patient. Of course, in some instances the entire needle 16 may not be fully obscured from view throughout the injection and/or aspiration procedure depending upon, among other things, the specific shapes of the distal end 62 of the sleeve 12, and the angle at which the needle 16 is inserted into the vial and/or the patient's skin or tissue. Because many people become anxious simply at the sight of a needle, the above-described features can significantly reduce the anxiety or fear of the patient and/or the person administering the injection and/or aspiration (who may also be the patient in cases of self-injection) to provide a more comfortable overall treatment experience.

(57) In some embodiments, the distal end 62 of the sleeve 12 provides a pressure-receptor stimulation feature. Stimulation of the pressure-receptor nerves in the area of an injection and/or aspiration has been found to compete or interfere with stimulation of the pain receptor nerves. In many patients, stimulation of the pressure-receptor nerves in this manner reduces the perception of pain during insertion of the needle 16. Accordingly, in some constructions the distal end 62 includes a plurality of axially and/or radially extending ribs or projections 130 extending from the distal end 62 and away from the channel 26. For example, in some embodiments the ribs or projections are arranged generally in the shape of an asterisk centered about the aperture 28. During use, the projections 130 can be configured to engage the skin or tissue of a patient just prior to the tip 46 of the needle 16 coming into contact with the skin or tissue of the patient. In this way, the projections 130 apply pressure to the skin or tissue that stimulates the patient's pressure-receptor nerves prior to or at about the same time as insertion of the needle 16. In some embodiments, the distal end 62 comprises one or a series of depressions or protrusions, such as bumps, cones, rings, or the like, for engaging the skin or tissue of the patient and stimulating the patient's pressure-receptors prior to insertion of the needle 16. Some arrangements, the distal end 62 of the sleeve 12 is substantially flat, beveled, or the like. The specific configuration of the distal end 62 generally will vary depending upon, among other things, the intended field of use for the cover 10.

(58) Some arrangements of the cover 10 include a therapeutic substance positioned at the distal end 62. For instance, in some embodiments the distal end 62 includes a topical anesthetic. In some embodiments, the distal end 62 includes an antiseptic, such as iodine or rubbing alcohol, and/or an antibiotic or antiviral medication. In some embodiments the therapeutic substance is applied or protected by a cap until the cover 10 is to be used.

(59) In certain embodiments, aside from the bias of the spring 70, the sleeve 12 retracts substantially without impediment. The cover 10 need not require a first hand to provide pressure and/or operate the plunger on the syringe and a second hand to operate another feature (e.g., a clasp). In some embodiments, movement of the sleeve 12 automatically engages one or more of the locking members 50, 110. In some embodiments, movement of the sleeve 12 from an about fully retracted position to an about fully extended position automatically prevents or inhibits reuse of the cover 10. The cover 10 can be configured to facilitate one-handed retraction of the sleeve 12 (exposure needle 16), one-handed operation of the syringe, one-handed retraction of the sleeve 12 (covering of the needle 16), and/or one-handed engagement of features to inhibit reuse of the cover 10. Aside from retracting and/or extending the sleeve 12, the cover 10 can lock automatically and need not require external input (e.g. from manual manipulation of the user's fingers) to engage the axial locking member 50 and/or the rotational locking member 110.

(60) In some embodiments, the cover 10 is manufactured by forming the housing 14 with the needle support portion 30, the distal opening 42, and the guide member 44. In embodiments in which housing 14 comprises multiple pieces, the manufacturing process can include the step of assembling the housing 14. A sleeve is formed that has the tracks 80-84. The guide member 44 is aligned with the insertion portion 86 of the first track 80. The sleeve 12 is slidingly moved through the distal opening 42. In some variants the guide member 44 moves up the incline in the insertion portion 86 and snaps into the first track 80 at about the flat face 88, thus preventing the guide member 44 from returning to the insertion portion 86. The needle 16 is coupled with the needle support portion 30 of the housing 14. The spring 16 is inserted into the central chamber 36 of the housing 14 and positioned to bias the sleeve 12.

(61) As shown in FIGS. 1C and 1D, the cover 10 can include a cap 32 that is removably coupled to the housing 14. A distal end of the cap 32 can move between an open position (FIG. 1C) and a closed position (FIG. 1D) by way of a hinge 33. In the closed position, the cap 32 reduces or prevents contamination of the sleeve 12 and distal end 38 of the housing 14, for example during shipping and storage of the cover 10. The cap 32 is generally kept in the closed position until just prior to an injection and/or aspiration procedure, at which time the cap 32 is moved to the open position and/or removed from the housing 14. In some embodiments, opening or removing the cap 32 before an injection and/or aspiration procedure does not expose the needle 16 because the sleeve 12 covers the needle 16, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 1A. Furthermore, if the cap 32 is removed, it may immediately be discarded because the sleeve 12 also covers the needle 16 once the injection and/or aspiration procedure is completed. The cap 32 can include a distal portion (also called an open portion) 37 configured to, for example, facilitate opening and closing the cap 32. The cap 32 can include a proximal portion 39. The cap 32 can include an opening 41 between the distal and proximal portions 37, 39. As shown in FIG. 1D, the distal end 62 of the sleeve 12 can extend through the opening 41.

(62) In some embodiments, the cap can include a moveable or removable portion to assist in properly drawing a dose from a vial. For example, the cap 32 can be sized and configured to prevent the sleeve 12 from being retracted into the housing 14 a sufficient distance that the guide member 44 would enter the second track 82 or the transfer track 84. In some embodiments, the cap 32 is configured to prevent the sleeve 12 from retracting into the housing 14 far enough to engage the axial locking member 50 and/or rotational locking member 110, which may otherwise prevent further use of the device. In some embodiments, the cap 32 limits the retraction of the sleeve 12 such that the guide member 44 remains slidingly received in the first track 80.

(63) To reduce anxiety, particularly in children, the cap 32, the housing 14, and/or the sleeve 12 may be provided with a variety of aesthetic designs such as rainbows, balloons, cartoon characters, or other illustrations that are generally considered pleasing and comforting to children. In this way, a child patient may be allowed to choose from a variety of different covers 10 prior to an injection and/or aspiration procedure. The cap 32, in addition or as an alternative to being colored or bearing indicia, may be fabricated to resemble a variety of different cartoon characters or other objects such that, upon removal from the housing 14 prior to an injection and/or aspiration procedure, the cap 32 may be presented to a child patient as a distraction during the injection and/or aspiration procedure. When fabricated to resemble a cartoon character or other object, the size and generally cylindrical shape of the cap 32 make it particularly well suited for use by the child as a finger puppet. Each of these features provides the opportunity to reduce the anxiety or fear experienced by many children before, during, and after an injection and/or aspiration procedure.

(64) FIGS. 1-8A illustrate the cover 10 in various positions during an operating cycle that proceeds from the initial or ready-for-use extended configuration shown in FIG. 1, to an intermediate or a fully retracted position shown in FIG. 5, and to a final or reuse-prevention, extended configuration shown in FIG. 8A. It should be understood that the following presents an exemplary embodiment and is not intended to be limiting. It should be further understood that, although this embodiment describes the needle 16 being used to penetrate a patient's skin, the cover 10 is not limited to such use.

(65) FIGS. 1-1C illustrate the cover 10 in the initial, ready-to-use configuration. As discussed above, the cover 10 is coupled to a syringe or other medical device, thus placing the syringe in fluid communication with the needle 16. After removing the cap 32 (if used) and taking surface preparatory steps (if appropriate, e.g. applying a disinfectant to the surface), the distal end 62 of the cover 10 can be placed against the patient's skin at the desired penetration site.

(66) Referring now to FIG. 2, the cover 10 is illustrated in a first partially retracted configuration. Retraction of the sleeve 12 is generally initiated by a user applying pressure on the cover 10 and/or syringe in the distal direction, which thereby encourages the sleeve 12 proximally against the bias of the spring 70. This retraction of the sleeve 12 in turn exposes the distal tip 96 of the needle 16 and initiates penetration by the needle 16 into the patient's skin. The guide member 44 of the housing 14, which is positioned in the first track 80, directs the sleeve 12 to move axially until about the intersection of the first and transfer tracks 80, 84. Upon reaching the intersection of the first and transfer tracks 80, 84 the guide member 44 seats against the flat face 88, which directs the guide member into the transfer track 84. At this stage of the operation, the process may be reversed. If the distal pressure is removed, then the cover 10 can return to the original ready-for-use configuration shown in FIG. 1. As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, as the flange 64 of the sleeve 12 moves proximally, the axial locking member 50 passes through the notch 116 in the flange 64.

(67) In the illustrated configuration of FIG. 3, the sleeve 12 has moved further proximally and the needle 16 has been further exposed. At this point, the sleeve 12 has moved sufficiently proximally that the proximal portion 90 of the channel 26 has started to receive the needle support portion 30, the axial locking member 50 has passed through the notches 116 in the flange 64 (FIG. 3A), and the guide member 44 is positioned in the transfer track 84. As the sleeve 12 moves proximally, the guide member 44 passes through the transfer track 84 thereby encouraging the sleeve 12 to rotate about the axis 18 approximately the number of degrees, e.g. at least about 5 and/or less than or equal to about 90, that separate the first and second tracks 80, 82. Rotation of the sleeve 12 in turn rotates the flange 64, including the impeding member 102. As shown in FIG. 3B, the inclined face 106 of the impeding member 102 rotates toward the inclined face 112 of the rotational locking member 110. Continued rotation of the impeding member 102 of the flange 64 of the sleeve 12 slidably engages the inclined faces 106, 112, thereby deflecting the impeding member 102 radially inward and producing a slight but noticeable resistance. In some embodiments, as illustrated, the length of the impeding member 102 can be generally about the same size as or shorter than the length of the transfer track 84.

(68) Turning to the illustrations of FIGS. 4 and 4A, the sleeve 12 has continued to retract into the housing 14, which has further exposed the needle 16. The guide member 44 has shifted from the transfer track 84 to the second track 82, thus further rotating the sleeve 12 with respect to the housing 14. The needle support portion 30 has been further received by the proximal portion 90 of the channel 26. As shown in FIG. 4B, once the inclined face 106 of the impeding member 102 rotated beyond the zenith of the inclined face 112 of the rotational locking member 110, the impeding member 102 deflected radially outward, thus returning to about its radial position shown in FIG. 2B. In this configuration, the generally flat faces 108, 114 present a physical stop thereby inhibiting counter-rotation of the sleeve 12. This in turn prevents the guide member 44 from returning into the transfer track 84, as will be discussed below. In some embodiments, the outward deflection of the impeding member 102 produces a tactile vibration and/or an audible sound, e.g. snap, which can provide verification that the rotational locking member 110 has been locked and counter-rotation is prevented.

(69) The fully retracted configuration of the cover 10 is illustrated in FIG. 5. The needle 16 is at its apex of exposure, presenting the longest exposed needle length. The distal end 62 of sleeve 12 is generally flush with distal end 38 of housing 12. The proximal portion 90 of the channel 26 has approximately fully received the needle support portion 30. The spring 70 is compressed to generally its fully compressed configuration. In several embodiments, this is the configuration in which the syringe's contents are injected, via the hub 20 and needle 16, into the patient.

(70) Turning to FIGS. 6 and 6A, an initial stage of withdrawal of the needle 16 is shown. Withdraw generally initiates when the user pulls away the syringe from the patient, or when the user applies less distal pressure on the cover 10 and/or syringe, thus permitting the bias of the spring 70 to distally extend the sleeve 12. As the sleeve 12 distally extends it receives the needle 16 into the channel 26 thereby covering at least a portion (such as the distal end) of the needle 16. The distal movement of the sleeve 12 also slides the guide member 44 along the second track 82. The engagement of the generally flat faces 108, 114 inhibits or prevents counter-rotation of the sleeve 12, which in turn prevents the guide member 44 from shifting into the transfer track 84 at intersection between the second track 82 and the transfer track 84.

(71) FIGS. 7 and 7A illustrate a configuration of the cover 10 in which the sleeve 12 has been further extended and the needle 16 has been further covered. At this stage in the operation, as the sleeve 12 moves distally, the outwardly extending portion 100 of the flange 64 slidingly engages the axial locking member 50. The outwardly extending portion 100 of flange 64 encourages the axial locking member 50 radially outward and produces a slight but noticeable resistance.

(72) Moving now to FIGS. 8 and 8A, an extended, reuse-prevention, configuration of the cover 10 is depicted. The sleeve 12 has been fully extended and fully covers the needle 16. The spring 70 has moved the sleeve 12 distally until the flange 64 seated against the shoulder 40. Upon the outwardly extending portion 100 of the flange 64 moving distal of the second end 54 of the axial locking member 50, the axial locking member 50 snapped radially inward with respect to the outwardly extending portion 100 of the flange 64. The axial locking member 50 thus presents a physical stop to inhibit the sleeve 12 from being proximally retracted again. In some embodiments, the inward deflection of the least one axial locking member 50 produces a tactile vibration and/or an audible sound, e.g. snap, which can provide verification that the axial locking member 50 has been engaged.

(73) FIGS. 9-14A illustrate another embodiment of the cover 10. Several features and components of the cover 10a are similar in form and function to those described above with respect to the cover 10, and have been provided with like numerals. To the extent components of the cover 10a differ slightly from those of the cover 10 described above, some those differences are described and explained below. Any features and/or components of the disclosed embodiments can be combined or used interchangeably.

(74) In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 9-9B, the cover 10a includes a generally cylindrical housing 14a that comprises an axis 18a, along which a needle 16a is positioned. A distal end of the housing 14a couples to a sleeve 12a configured to translate along and at least partially rotate about the axis 18a. A proximal end 60a of the sleeve 12a couples to a radially outwardly extending flange 64a. A proximal end 34a of the housing 14a comprises or is coupled to a hub 20a. An inside surface 22a of the housing 14a includes a central chamber 36a. One or more ribs 110a extend radially inwardly from the inner surface 22a. A distal end 38a of the housing 14a includes a radially inwardly extending shoulder 40a that includes an opening 42a that communicates with the chamber 36a. The opening 42a slidingly receives the sleeve 12a that in turn receives and covers the needle 16a. A guide member 44a extends radially inwardly from the shoulder 40a and is configured to engage one or more tracks formed in the sleeve 12a.

(75) With continued reference the illustrations of FIGS. 9-9B, the housing 14a includes at least one axial locking member 50a. The axial locking member 50a can extend generally parallel to the axis 18a from the inner surface 22a of the proximal end 34a of the housing 14a to near the inner surface 22a of the distal end 38a of the housing 14a. A portion of the axial locking member 50a extends about parallel to the axis 18a and is configured to avoid interference with a flange 64a of the sleeve 12a as the sleeve 12a moves axially. A second end 54a of the axial locking member 50a angles radially inward. As shown in FIG. 9B, in some arrangements the second end 54a of the axial locking member 50a aligned with a notch 116a in a flange 64a, thereby permitting the second end 54a to pass through the notch 116a.

(76) Referring to FIGS. 10-10B, the cover 10a is shown in a partially retracted configuration. As discussed above, the guide member 44a travels proximally a distance along a first track 80a during retraction of the sleeve 12a. The guide member 44a can be directed into a transfer track 84a intersecting the first track 80a and in turn directed into a second track 82a, thereby at least partially rotating the sleeve 12a with respect to the housing 14a. The transfer track 84a can be inclined, such that a height difference exists between the transfer track 84a and the second track 82a. The incline in the transfer track 84a can produce a slight but noticeable resistance. The guide member 44a can be directed across the height difference and into the second track 82a, and can thereby produce an audible or tactile alert. The height difference can prevent or inhibit the guide member 44a from returning into the transfer track 84a and, in turn, inhibit rotation of the sleeve 12. In the arrangement shown, as the sleeve 12a rotates, an outwardly extending portion 100a of a flange 64a rotates into radial interference with the second end 54a.

(77) FIGS. 11 and 11A depict the cover 10a in a configuration with the sleeve 12a fully retracted. The guide member 44a has been directed into and traveled a distance along the second track 82a. As shown, a distal end 62a of the sleeve 12a is generally flush with a distal end 38a of the housing 14a.

(78) Configurations of the cover 10 with the sleeve 12a in progressively extended positions are shown in FIGS. 12-14A. As the bias of the spring 70a encourages the sleeve 12a distally, the guide member 44a in the second track 82a prevents or inhibits rotation of the sleeve 12a with respect to the housing 14a. As stated above, a height difference between the second track 82a and the transfer track 84a can prevent or inhibit the guide member 44a from moving from the second track 82a to the transfer track 84a. As the flange 64a nears the distal end 38a of the housing, the outwardly extending portion 100a encourages the axial locking member 50a radially outward, thereby producing a slight but noticeable resistance. Once the flange 64a has moved distal of the second end 54a of the axial locking member 50a, the locking member 50a returns radially inwardly to its position prior to engagement with the flange 64a. In several embodiments, such movement of the axial locking member 50a produces a tactile or audible alert. As shown in FIG. 14A, the second end 54a of the at least one axial locking member 50a prevents the outwardly extending portion 100a of the flange 64a from moving proximally. Reuse of the cover 10a is therefore inhibited or prevented.

(79) Although the needle cover has been disclosed in the context of certain preferred embodiments and examples, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that the needle cover extends beyond the specifically disclosed embodiments to other alternative embodiments and/or uses of the invention and obvious modifications and equivalents thereof. For example, the locking and/or reuse inhibiting features could be used in a variety of medical and non-medical fields. For example, although the embodiments of the sleeve and housing described above are generally circular in axial cross-sectional shape, other embodiments of the sleeve and housing employ various other shapes, such as square, elliptical, hexagonal, octagonal, or the like. It should be understood that various features and aspects of the disclosed embodiment can be combined with or substituted for one another in order to form varying modes of the needle cover. For example, in some embodiments the plurality of tracks are positioned on the inner surface of the housing and are configured to receive the guide member, which extends outwardly from the sleeve. Thus, it is intended that the scope of the needle cover herein-disclosed should not be limited by the particular disclosed embodiments described above, but should be determined only by a fair reading of the claims that follow.