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HIGH-STRENGTH Zn-Al-Mg-BASED SURFACE-COATED STEEL SHEET AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING SAME

20200173004 ยท 2020-06-04

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    A high-strength surface-coated steel sheet includes a base steel sheet having a composition by mass of C: 0.01 to 0.20%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.10 to 2.50%, P: 0.005 to 0.050%, B: 0.0005 to 0.010%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.20%, Nb: 0 to 0.10%, Mo: 0 to 0.50%, Cr: 0 to 0.50%, Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and a ZnAlMg-based coating layer disposed on a surface of the base steel sheet, The steel sheet has a diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet of 0.30 ppm or less and having a time until occurrence of red rust of 7000 hours or more as measured by a salt spray test. The high-strength hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet has a significantly lowered in-steel concentration of hydrogen which has entered the steel in a plating line and exhibits excellent corrosion resistance.

    Claims

    1. A high-strength surface-coated steel sheet comprising: a base steel sheet having a steel composition by mass of C: 0.01 to 0.20%, Si: 0.01 to 0.50%, Mn: 0.10 to 2.50%, P: 0.005 to 0.050%, B: 0.0005 to 0.010%, Ti: 0.01 to 0.20%, Nb: 0 to 0.10%, Mo: 0 to 0.50%, Cr: 0 to 0.50%, Al: 0.01 to 0.10%, and the balance of Fe and inevitable impurities; and a ZnAlMg-based coating layer disposed on a surface of the base steel sheet, the ZnAlMg-based coating layer having a metal element composition ratio by mass of Al: 1.0 to 22.0%, Mg: 1.3 to 10.0%, Si: 0 to 2.0%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.05%, Fe: 2.0% or less, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities, the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet having a diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet of 0.30 ppm or less and having a time until occurrence of red rust of 7000 hours or more as measured by a neutral salt spray test (salt concentration: 50 g/L, temperature: 35 C., back face and edge face seal of test piece: present) according to JIS Z2371:2015.

    2. The high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet has a tensile strength in a rolling direction of 590 MPa or higher.

    3. The high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein the ZnAlMg-based coating layer has a mean thickness of 3 to 100 m.

    4. The high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, wherein a surface of the coating layer has a lightness L* of 60 or less, wherein L* is a lightness index L* in the CIE 1976 L*a*b* color space.

    5. The high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, further comprising an inorganic coating on a surface of the ZnAlMg-based coating layer.

    6. The high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, further comprising an organic coating on a surface of the ZnAlMg-based coating layer.

    7. A method for producing the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, the method comprising: a step of heating a base steel sheet having the steel composition in a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen to 550 to 900 C., then immersing the heated steel sheet in a hot-dip plating bath having a composition by mass of Al: 1.0 to 22.0%, Mg: 1.3 to 10.0%, Si: 0 to 2.0%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.05%, Fe: 2.0% or less, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities using hot-dip plating equipment without exposed to the air atmosphere to produce a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet (hot-dip plating step); a step of imparting a strain of a total elongation rate of 0.2 to 1.0% to the hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet using any one or both of a tension leveler and a rolling mill to introduce a crack into a plating layer (crack introducing step); and a step of heating and holding the hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet having a crack introduced at 70 to 150 C. to decrease a diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet to 0.30 ppm or less (baking treatment step).

    8. A method for producing the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 1, the method comprising: a step of heating a base steel sheet having the steel composition in a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen to 550 to 900 C., and then immersing the heated steel sheet in a hot-dip plating bath having a composition by mass of Al: 1.0 to 22.0%, Mg: 1.3 to 10.0%, Si: 0 to 2.0%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.05%, Fe: 2.0% or less, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities without exposed to the air atmosphere using hot-dip plating equipment to produce a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet (hot-dip plating step); a step of imparting a strain of a total elongation rate of 0.2 to 1.0% to the hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet using any one or both of a tension leveler and a rolling mill to introduce a crack into a plating layer (crack introducing step); and a step of heating and holding the hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated atmosphere to bring a surface of the plating layer into contact with steam, thereby decreasing a diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet to 0.30 ppm or less (baking treatment step).

    9. The method for producing the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 7, wherein the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet is decreased to 0.20 ppm or less in the baking treatment step.

    10. The method for producing the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to claim 7, wherein the plated steel sheet to be subjected to the baking treatment step has a diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet of 0.35 ppm or more.

    Description

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

    [0022] FIG. 1 is the SEM photograph of a coating layer surface of a plated steel sheet E-2 having cracks introduced therein.

    [0023] FIG. 2 is the SEM photograph of a coating layer surface of a plated steel sheet H-2 having cracks introduced therein.

    DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

    [0024] [Chemical Composition of Base Steel Sheet]

    [0025] The component elements of the base steel sheet corresponding to a base steel sheet for plating will be described. As used herein, the % with respect to the chemical composition of a base steel sheet means % by mass unless otherwise specified.

    [0026] C is an essential element for achieving high strength of a steel. A C content of 0.01% or more is required for achieving a strength level of a tensile strength of 590 MPa or higher. With an excess C content, the unevenness in the structure becomes significant to lower the workability. The C content is limited to 0.20% or less and may be controlled to 0.16% or less.

    [0027] Si is not only effective for achieving high strength but also has an action of suppressing precipitation of cementite and is effective for suppressing generation of perlite or the like. An Si content of 0.01% or more is ensured to substantially exhibit the actions. When a large amount of Si is contained, an Si-concentrated layer may be generated in a steel sheet surface, which becomes a factor of lowering the plating properties. The Si content is limited to 0.50% or less and more preferably to 0.25% or less.

    [0028] Mn is effective for achieving high strength. An Mn content of 0.10% or more is ensured to stably achieve a strength level of a tensile strength of 590 MPa or higher. An Mn content of 0.50% or more is more effective. With an excess Mn content, segregation is liable to occur to lower the workability. The Mn content is 2.50% or less.

    [0029] P is effective for solid solution strengthening. Here, a P content of 0.005% or more is ensured. The P content may be controlled to 0.010% or more. With an excess P content, segregation is liable to occur to lower the workability. The P content is limited to 0.050% or less.

    [0030] B suppresses the austenite-ferrite transformation of a steel and contributes to microstructure transition hardening. In addition, when Ti or Nb is added, B has an effect of decreasing the precipitation temperature of Ti-based carbide or Nb-based carbide by suppressing the austenite-ferrite transformation to reduce the size of the carbides. A B content of 0.0005% or more is ensured to sufficiently achieve the above effects. A B content of 0.001% or more is more effective. A large B content becomes a factor of lowering the workability due to generation of a boride. B, if added, is to be added in the range of 0.010% or less and may be controlled to 0.005% or less.

    [0031] Ti binds to C to form a fine Ti-based carbide and contributes to achieving high strength. A Ti content of 0.01% or more is ensured to sufficiently exhibit the action. An excess Ti content leads to lower workability. The Ti content is 0.20% or less and may be controlled to 0.15% or less.

    [0032] Nb binds to C to form a fine Nb-based carbide and contributes to achieving high strength. In addition, Nb is effective for achieving size reduction and evenness of a structure. Accordingly, Nb can be contained as required. It is more effective to ensure a Nb content of 0.005% or more for sufficiently achieving the above effects. A large Nb content leads to lower workability. Nb, if added, is contained in the range of 0.10% or less.

    [0033] Mo and Cr both have an action of increasing strength by solid solution strengthening. Thus, one or both of Mo and Cr can be added as required. It is more effective to ensure a Mo content of 0.01% or more and a Cr content of 0.01% or more for sufficiently achieving the above action. Large contents of the elements lead to lower ductility. If one or both of the elements are added, the Mo content is in the range of 0.50% or less and the Cr content is in the range of 0.50% or less.

    [0034] Al has an action of deoxidizing. Al is desirably added in an Al content in the steel of 0.01% or more for sufficiently achieving the action. An excess Al content leads to lower workability. The Al content is limited to 0.10% or less and may be controlled to 0.05% or less.

    [0035] Besides, S incorporated as impurities is acceptable in a content of 0.010% or less and the content is more preferably 0.005% or less. Since a too low S content leads to an increased load in the steelmaking, the S content may usually be 0.0005% or more.

    [ZnAlMg-Based Coating Layer]

    [0036] A ZnAlMg-based coating layer has to be present on a surface of a base steel sheet having the above chemical composition. The coating layer is derived from a plating layer which is formed by hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating. This layer is herein referred to as a ZnAlMg-based coating layer. As described later, the ZnAlMg-based coating layer has undergone a baking treatment after introduction of cracks. Accordingly, the ZnAlMg-based coating layer after the baking treatment has cracks. When the surface of the ZnAlMg-based coating layer is observed, for example, by SEM (scanning electron microscope), the total extension of the cracks per mm.sup.2 is, for example, 3.0 to 8.0 mm. The cracks have contributed to release of hydrogen from the base steel sheet and it is found that even if cracks having a total extension of the above range remain, decrease in the corrosion resistance due to the cracks is not a problem. The temperature in the baking treatment has large influence on whether the inherent excellent corrosion resistance of a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer is maintained. Since the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet according to the present invention is produced while avoiding baking at a high temperature as described later, the high-strength surface-coated steel sheet has an excellent corrosion resistance such that a time until occurrence of red rust is 7000 hours or more as measured by a neutral salt spray test (salt concentration: 50 g/L, temperature: 35 C., back face and edge face seal of test piece: present) according to JIS Z2371:2015. A steel sheet which includes a black ZnAlMg-based coating layer formed by conducting a baking treatment in a steam atmosphere also has the same excellent corrosion resistance.

    [0037] Although the ZnAlMg-based coating layer has undergone a baking treatment, the chemical composition substantially maintains the composition of the original hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer. A part of Zn has changed to its black oxide in a black ZnAlMg-based coating layer formed by conducting a baking treatment in a steam atmosphere, but also in this case, the composition of the original hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer is substantially maintained in terms of the metal element composition ratio. As the original hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer, a plating layer having a composition within a composition range applied to a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet excellent in corrosion resistance is used herein. Specifically, a plating layer having a metal element composition ratio by mass of Al: 1.0 to 22.0%, Mg: 1.3 to 10.0%, Si: 0 to 2.0%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.05%, Fe: 2.0% or less, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities is a subject herein.

    [0038] For maintaining the excellent rustproofing effect of a ZnAlMg-based coating layer for a long period of time, the ZnAlMg-based coating layer preferably has a mean thickness of 3 m or more. Layer formation at a too large thickness is not economical and also leads to lower workability of the coating layer itself. In general, the ZnAlMg-based coating layer may have a mean thickness in the rage of 100 or less. Here, the mean thickness of a coating layer can be determined by observing a cross section parallel to the sheet thickness direction.

    [0039] A ZnAlMg-based coating layer having a black appearance is formed by a surface of the hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer which is brought into contact with steam during a baking treatment to generate a black oxide of Zn in the coating layer. Accordingly, the black oxide of Zn is relatively largely distributed in an upper layer portion of the ZnAlMg-based coating layer to provide an effect of giving a black-tone surface appearance. As a result of various studies, it has been found that when the black oxide of Zn is formed so that the lightness L* of the surface of the ZnAlMg-based coating layer is 60 or less, a black appearance which is excellent in design properties with hardly noticeable uneven discoloration is provided. When the lightness L* is controlled to 40 or less, a deeper black appearance is provided. The black appearance due to the black oxide of Zn can be achieved within such a condition range of a baking treatment that the in-steel diffusible hydrogen concentration is decreased to 0.30 ppm or less.

    [Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration in Base Steel Sheet]

    [0040] The hydrogen concentration of a base steel sheet which becomes a factor of hydrogen embrittlement can be evaluated by measuring the diffusible hydrogen concentration. The diffusible hydrogen concentration can be determined by measuring the amount of hydrogen released when the steel sheet is heated from a room temperature to 300 C. at a temperature-rising rate of 5 C./min in an atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer. As a measurement sample, a sample composed only of a base steel sheet obtained by removing a ZnAlMg-based coating layer with abrasive paper can be used.

    [0041] In general, in the case of a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet that is produced using a high-tensile steel within the above composition range as a base steel sheet for plating in a continuous hot-dip plating line, the diffusible hydrogen concentration of the base steel sheet before a baking treatment is 0.35 ppm or more. According to a study by the present inventors, it has been found that when the diffusible hydrogen concentration of a base steel sheet is lowered to 0.30 ppm or less by a baking treatment, not only a hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon that is often a problem in a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet including a high-tensile steel of 980-MPa or higher grade as a base steel sheet, but also a hydrogen embrittlement phenomenon in a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet including a high-tensile steel of 780-MPa grade or 590-MPa grade, which is a relatively lower strength level, as a base steel sheet is significantly suppressed. Accordingly, in the present invention, the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet is defined to 0.30 ppm or less. The diffusible hydrogen concentration is more preferably 0.20 ppm or less.

    [Metal Structure of Base Steel Sheet]

    [0042] The matrix (steel base) of a base steel sheet is desirably a structure of a bainitic ferrite phase or a mixed structure of a ferritic phase and a martensitic phase. In the latter structure, the amount of martensite is preferably 10 to 50% by volume.

    [Mechanical Properties]

    [0043] Regarding the mechanical properties of the black surface-coated high-strength steel sheet having the ZnAlMg-based coating layer formed, it is desired that the tensile strength be 590 to 1180 MPa and the total elongation at break be 10% or more in a tensile test (JIS Z2241:2011) in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.

    [Production Method]

    [0044] A high-strength surface-coated steel sheet having a diffusible hydrogen concentration in a base steel sheet lowered as described above can be produced by producing a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet using a steel sheet having the above chemical composition as a base steel sheet for plating, introducing cracks in the plating layer of the plated steel sheet, and then applying a baking treatment in a temperature range controlled to a relatively low level.

    [Hot-Dip Plating]

    [0045] The hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet may be produced by a conventionally known method. A continuous hot-dip plating line in a site of mass production can be used. Specifically, a heat treatment which is applied immediately before hot-dip plating and which also functions as a surface reduction treatment is conducted by heating at 550 to 900 C. in a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen. The proportion of hydrogen gas in the mixed gas is desirably 25 to 35% by volume. The time period where the material temperature is kept in the above temperature range is desirably adjusted in the range of 20 to 200 seconds. When a base steel sheet is heated in a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen in this manner, hydrogen enters the steel. The in-steel concentration of hydrogen can be considerably decreased by a baking treatment as described later. The thickness of the base steel sheet is, for example, 0.8 to 4.5 mm. After the heat treatment, the steel sheet is immersed in a hot-dip plating bath without exposed to the atmosphere.

    [0046] The composition of the hot-dip plating bath by mass is Al: 1.0 to 22.0%, Mg: 1.3 to 10.0%, Si: 0 to 2.0%, Ti: 0 to 0.10%, B: 0 to 0.05%, Fe: 2.0% or less, and the balance of Zn and inevitable impurities. The plating layer composition of the resulting plated steel sheet almost reflects the plating bath composition. The steel sheet taken out of the plating bath is cooled by an ordinary method after adjusting the amount of deposited plating by a gas wiping method or the like. The amount of deposited plating is preferably 3 to 100 m in teams of a plating layer mean thickness on one face.

    [Crack Introducing Treatment]

    [0047] For preventing degradation of the inherent excellent corrosion resistance of a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer by a baking treatment, the baking treatment is required to be applied in a low temperature range as described later. However, it has been found that a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer is liable to interfere with hydrogen release as compared with a general galvanizing layer. For this reason, when a baking treatment in a low temperature range is applied on a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet, it is difficult to stably decrease hydrogen in the base steel sheet to a certain concentration or lower. Thus, as a pretreatment for the baking treatment, cracks are introduced into the plating layer. Even in a ZnAlMg-based coating layer having cracks introduced, a rustproofing effect is exhibited by a corrosion product inherent in a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer when used under an environment exposed to rain water or a wet environment.

    [0048] The introduction of cracks into a plating layer can be achieved by bending-stretching deformation with a tension leveler or a skin pass rolling. The deformation by a tension leveler or a skin pass roller may be applied several times in total. As a result of various studies, a strain of a total elongation rate of 0.2 to 1.0% is desirably applied on a steel sheet. In this range of the total elongation rate, cracks having a total extension of 3.0 to 8.0 mm, more preferably 3.0 to 6.0 mm per mm.sup.2 are introduced in a plating layer surface, and the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet can be lowered to 0.30 ppm or less, more preferably 0.20 ppm or less by a baking treatment in a low temperature range as described later. With a too low total elongation rate, the amount of cracks introduced is short and the effect of sufficiently releasing hydrogen by a baking treatment in a low temperature range cannot be stably obtained. A too high total elongation rate becomes a factor of impairing the ductility of the steel sheet.

    [0049] The total elongation rate R.sub.TOTAL (%) is determined by the following formula (1):


    R.sub.TOTAL (%)=(L.sub.1L.sub.0)/L.sub.0100(1)

    wherein L.sub.0 is the sheet direction length (m) of an arbitrary sheet direction section X in a steel sheet at the time point when hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating is completed and L.sub.1 is the sheet direction length (m) of the sheet direction section X-derived section in the steel sheet immediately before the start of a baking treatment.

    [Baking Treatment]

    [0050] A baking treatment is a heat treatment for decreasing the in-steel hydrogen concentration by releasing hydrogen having entered a steel material to the outside thereof. When a black-tone surface appearance is to be obtained, the baking treatment also functions as a blackening treatment therefor. The present inventors have made studies on a relationship between the heating temperature (maximum temperature the material reaches) in a baking treatment and the corrosion resistance. As a result, when a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer having the above composition is heated to a temperature higher than 150 C., the phase structure in the plating layer changes and degradation in corrosion resistance becomes apparent. On the other hand, with a heat temperature of a baking treatment lower than 70 C., it is difficult to sufficiently obtain the effect of releasing hydrogen in a stable manner. Accordingly, the baking treatment is conducted by heating and holding at 70 to 150 C.

    [0051] The time period of the baking treatment, that is, the time period where a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet is held at a prescribed temperature which is set in the range of 70 to 150 C. is set to be such a time period that the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet can be decreased to a target level of 0.30 ppm or less or 0.20 ppm or less. An appropriate treatment time may be set by performing a pretest according to the hot-dip plating conditions, the atmospheric gas conditions of the baking treatment, and the baking treatment temperature. In general, a treatment time for achieving a good result can be set in the range of 1 to 50 hours, and is preferably in the range of 2 to 36 hours.

    [0052] The heating atmosphere of the baking treatment is required to be a steam atmosphere when a black-tone surface appearance is to be obtained, but in the other cases, the heating atmosphere may be any atmosphere, such as an air, a vacuum, or an inert gas atmosphere. When blackening is performed under a steam atmosphere, the content of impurity gas components (gas components other than steam) in the steam atmosphere is desirably 5% by volume or less.

    [0053] When a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer is brought into contact with steam at the above temperature, Zn in the plating layer is prominently oxidized to form a black Zn oxide, whereby a black-tone surface appearance having high design properties with a lightness L* of 60 or less can be obtained. The partial pressure of steam is adjusted so that the relative humidity (the partial pressure of steam actually present in the atmosphere to the saturated steam pressure in the temperature) is 70 to 100%. With a relative humidity lower than 70%, the generation rate of the black oxide of Zn is low and uneven discoloration is liable to occur in such a time period that the release of hydrogen in the steel is sufficiently achieved.

    [0054] When the baking treatment is conducted under the air atmosphere, a technique of allowing a sheet to pass through a continuous annealing furnace can be applied. When a steel sheet coiled into a coil is subjected to a baking treatment, for example, a bell-type batch annealing furnace can be used. In this case, it is possible to perform a treatment under a prescribed atmosphere other than the air atmosphere.

    [0055] When blackening is applied in a steam atmosphere, the treatment is conducted in a furnace insulated from the air atmosphere. An airtightly closed container is desirably used as a furnace body. When a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet is contained in a furnace, the steel sheet is placed so that the plating layer surface is in contact with the atmospheric gas. After purging the air in the furnace by nitrogen purge, evacuation, or the like, steam is introduced to convert the atmosphere in the furnace into a steam atmosphere and the temperature is elevated and kept at a prescribed temperature, thereby conducting a baking treatment. The atmosphere in the furnace is controlled so that a prescribed gas composition is maintained during the baking treatment.

    [Formation of Inorganic Coating]

    [0056] An inorganic coating can be formed on a surface of a ZnAlMg-based coating layer modified by the baking treatment described above. As the inorganic coating, known various coatings that have conventionally been applied to a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet can be applied. Among them, an inorganic coating that contains one or two or more compounds selected from the group consisting of oxides of valve metals, oxoates of valve metals, hydroxides of valve metals, phosphates of valve metals, and fluorides of valve metals (hereinafter also referred to as valve metal compounds) can be mentioned as suitable examples. Examples of valve metals include Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta, W, Si, and Al. A valve metal compound containing one or more of the above valve metals is desirably applied as the valve metal compound. An inorganic coating can be formed by a known method. For example, a method in which an inorganic paint containing a valve metal compound and other components is applied on a surface of a ZnAlMg-based coating layer by a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a spraying method, or the like can be adopted.

    [Formation of Organic Coating]

    [0057] An organic coating can also be formed on a surface of a ZnAlMg-based coating layer modified by the baking treatment described above. Various known organic resin coatings which has conventionally been applied on a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet can similarly be applied. Examples thereof include coatings containing a urethan resin, an epoxy resin, an olefin resin, a styrene resin, a polyester resin, an acrylic resin, a fluororesin, or a combination of the above resins, or a copolymer or a modified product of the above resins. An organic coating can similarly be formed by a known method. For example, a method in which an organic paint containing the above resin component is applied on a surface of a ZnAlMg-based coating layer by a roll coating method, a spin coating method, a spraying method, or the like can be adopted.

    Examples

    [0058] A cast slab having each chemical composition shown in Table 1 was heated to 1250 C. and then was subjected to hot rolling to produce a hot rolled steel sheet for a hot rolled base steel sheet for plating or for a cold rolled base steel sheet for plating. The conditions for hot rolling are, for the hot rolled base steel sheet for plating a finish rolling temperature of 880 C., a coiling temperature of 600 C., and a sheet thickness of 3.2 mm, and for the cold rolled base steel sheet for plating, a finish rolling temperature of 880 C., a coiling temperature of 460 C., and a sheet thickness of 2 mm. Here, the finish rolling temperature is represented by the sheet surface temperature immediately after the last pass of the hot rolling. The hot rolled steel sheet for a hot rolled base steel sheet for plating was subjected to acid cleaning and then was used as a hot rolled base steel sheet for plating as it was. The hot rolled steel sheet for a cold rolled base steel sheet for plating was subjected to acid cleaning and then was subjected to cold rolling at each cold rolling ratio shown in Table 2 to thereby obtain a cold rolled base steel sheet for plating.

    [0059] Note that all the steels shown in Table 1 are the Inventive steels which meet the chemical composition defined in the present invention. The steels in Table 2 having a cold rolling ratio of 0% are examples in which a hot rolled base steel sheet for plating was used.

    TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Chemical composition (% by mass) Steel No. C Si Mn P S Al B Ti Others A 0.026 0.04 0.70 0.020 0.003 0.040 0.0028 0.070 B 0.024 0.05 1.00 0.020 0.003 0.040 0.0031 0.069 C 0.047 0.04 1.20 0.018 0.002 0.038 0.0035 0.113 D 0.112 0.03 2.00 0.020 0.003 0.040 0.0030 0.030 E 0.151 0.20 2.20 0.023 0.003 0.043 0.0030 0.032 F 0.101 0.08 1.80 0.018 0.004 0.038 0.0028 0.030 Nb: 0.020 G 0.120 0.10 1.70 0.022 0.003 0.042 0.0040 0.029 Mo: 0.10 H 0.080 0.05 1.50 0.017 0.003 0.038 0.0030 0.032 I 0.123 0.05 2.04 0.018 0.002 0.042 0.0030 0.035 Cr: 0.40

    (Hot-Dip Plating Step)

    [0060] A hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet was produced using each base steel sheet for plating in a continuous hot-dip plating line. A base steel sheet for plating (base steel sheet) was heated in a mixed gas of hydrogen and nitrogen to anneal the sheet, then immersing the sheet in a hot-dip plating bath without exposed to the air atmosphere, then taking out the sheet from the plating bath, and adjusting the amount of deposited plating by a gas wiping method, thereby obtaining a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet. The composition of the plating bath by mass was Al: 6.0%, Mg: 3.0%, Si: 0.01%, Ti: 0.002%, B: 0.0005%, Fe: 0.1%, and the balance of Zn. The atmosphere and temperature in the annealing are shown in Table 2. The amount of deposited plating was adjusted so that the plating layer thickness of one face of the steel sheet was 10 m.

    (Crack Introducing Step)

    [0061] The continuous hot-dip plating line used includes a tension leveler (T.Lv) and a skin pass roller (SKP) in a stage after a plating apparatus (on the downstream side in the sheet direction). In a steel strip in which the hot-dip plating is finished, the following portions were formed:

    (i) a portion in which no elongation deformation was applied with the tension leveler nor the skin pass roller;
    (ii) a portion in which an elongation deformation of a total elongation rate of 0.2 to 1.0% was applied with any one or both of the tension leveler and the skin pass roller; and
    (iii) a portion in which an elongation deformation of a total elongation rate of 1.2% was applied with both of the tension leveler and the skin pass roller.

    [0062] From a coil of the resulting hot-dip ZnAlMg-based-plated steel sheet, plated steel sheets of the portions of the above (i) to (iii) were sampled and the metal structures of cross sections of directions parallel to the rolling direction and the sheet thickness direction (L cross sections) were observed with an optical microscope. In addition, a tensile test piece (JIS No. 5) in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction was prepared and was subjected to a tensile test as defined in JIS Z2241:2011 to determine the tensile strength TS (MPa) and the total elongation at break T.E1 (%). Furthermore, for the plated steel sheets of the portions of the above (ii) and (iii), the surface of the coating layer (plating layer) was observed in 10 viewing areas at 500-fold magnification by SEM to measure the lengths of cracks formed in the coating layer surface and the total extension (mm) of cracks per mm.sup.2 area was determined. For a reference, FIG. 1 and FIG. 2 respectively show the SEM photograph of the coating layer surfaces of the plated steel sheet E-2 of Table 2 (total elongation rate in crack introducing step: 0.2%, crack total extension per mm.sup.2 coating layer: 3.2 mm) and the plated steel sheet H-2 of Table 2 (total elongation rate in crack introducing step: 1.0%, crack total extension per mm.sup.2 coating layer: 6.8 mm). In both of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2, (a) shows an example of the SEM image and (b) shows the SEM image in which cracks that are obviously ones introduced by the crack introducing step are indicated by black lines. It has been found that most of the cracks remained as they are after a baking treatment described later. The total extension of cracks per mm.sup.2 area in each plated steel sheet was determined by measuring the total extension of the cracks that are obviously ones introduced in the crack introducing step. Table 2 shows the results.

    TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Hot-dip plated steel sheet (before baking treatment) Hot Hot-dip Crack rolling plating line Crack total Plated coiling Cold Annealing introducing step extension steel temper- rolling temper- Total Sheet Metal in coating Steel sheet ature ratio Annealing ature elongation thickness structure TS T.El layer Classifi- No. No. ( C.) (%) atmosphere ( C.) T.Lv SKP (%) (mm) of base*1 (MPa) (%) (mm.sup.1) cation A A-1 600 0 N.sub.2 + 680 No No 0 3.2 BF 615 21 0 Comp. material A-2 30% H.sub.2 No Yes 0.2 620 21 3.6 Inv. material A-3 Yes Yes 1.2 625 18 8.7 Comp. material B B-1 600 0 N.sub.2 + 680 No No 0 3.2 BF 665 20 0 Comp. material B-2 30% H.sub.2 No Yes 0.5 680 20 4.2 Inv. material B-3 Yes Yes 1.2 691 17 8.5 Comp. material C C-1 600 2 N.sub.2 + 680 No No 0 3.2 BF 821 20 0 Comp. material C-2 30% H.sub.2 No Yes 0.8 830 19 4.9 Inv. material C-3 Yes Yes 1.2 840 17 8.6 Comp. material D D-1 460 50 N.sub.2 + 800 No No 0 1.0 F + M 807 24 0 Comp. material D-2 30% H.sub.2 Yes No 0.2 810 24 3.4 Inv. material D-3 Yes Yes 1.2 822 21 8.6 Comp. material E E-1 460 50 N.sub.2 + 800 No No 0 1.0 F + M 1015 16 0 Comp. material E-2 30% H.sub.2 Yes Yes 0.2 1020 15 3.2 Inv. material E-3 Yes Yes 1.2 1036 13 8.8 Comp. material F F-1 460 50 N.sub.2 + 800 No No 0 1.0 F + M 790 22 0 Comp. material F-2 30% H.sub.2 Yes Yes 0.5 798 21 4.1 Inv. material F-3 Yes Yes 1.2 815 19 8.8 Comp. material G G-1 460 50 N.sub.2 + 800 No No 0 1.0 F + M 547 23 0 Comp. material G-2 30% H.sub.2 Yes Yes 0.7 855 23 4.6 Inv. material G-3 Yes Yes 1.2 863 19 8.7 Comp. material H H-1 460 50 N.sub.2 + 800 No No 0 1.0 F + M 629 31 0 Comp. material H-2 30% H.sub.2 Yes Yes 1.0 645 30 5.4 Inv. material H-3 Yes Yes 1.2 650 27 8.7 Comp. material I I-1 460 50 N.sub.2 + 800 No No 0 1.0 F + M 998 15 0 Comp. material I-2 30% H.sub.2 Yes Yes 0.4 1005 14 4.0 Inv. material I-3 Yes Yes 1.2 1023 13 8.5 Comp. material *1BF: bainitic ferrite, F: ferrite, M: martensite/hatching: outside the production conditions of the present invention

    [0063] As can be seen in Table 2, by imparting an elongation deformation of a total elongation rate of 0.2% or more in a crack introducing step, cracks having a total extension per mm.sup.2 of 3.0 mm or more can be introduced into a coating layer (plating layer). When an elongation deformation of a total elongation rate of 1.2% is imparted, the total elongation at break T.E1 was lower and the ductility of the steel sheet was lowered as compared with the case of a total elongation rate of 0.2 to 1.0%. When the workability of the steel sheet is emphasized, the total elongation rate in the crack introducing step is desirably set to a value in the range of 1.0% or less.

    (Baking Treatment Step)

    [0064] Next, using plated steel sheets of a portion of the above (i) (with no crack introduced) and a portion of (ii) (with cracks introduced), effects of a baking treatment were investigated. The conditions of the baking treatment are shown in Tables 3 to 5. A baking treatment were applied under the air atmosphere (Table 3) for the plated steel sheet of portion (i), and under the air atmosphere (Table 4) and a steam atmosphere (Table 5) for the plated steel sheet of portion (ii). Among them, the baking treatment under a steam atmosphere was performed as follows. That is, a plated steel sheet after a crack introducing step was placed in a heating furnace so that the plating layer surface was in contact with the atmospheric gas. Subsequently, the furnace was airtightly closed and was subjected to evacuation with a vacuum pump, and steam was introduced from a gas inlet tube. Then, the temperature in the furnace was increased to a prescribed baking treatment temperature while controlling the pressure in the furnace so that the relative humidity is 100%. The temperature was kept for a prescribed time period and then was decreased and the inside of the furnace was released to the atmosphere. The atmospheric gas during the baking treatment was 100% by volume of steam and the relative humidity was 100% (the same applies to all the examples in Table 5).

    [0065] A sample was taken from the steel sheet after the baking treatment, and the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet and the time until occurrence of red rust by a salt spray test were measured. In addition, for the steel sheets having subjected to a baking treatment under a steam atmosphere (ones described in Table 5), the lightness L* of the ZnAlMg-based coating layer surface was measured. The test method is as follows.

    (Measurement of Diffusible Hydrogen Concentration)

    [0066] The ZnAlMg-based coating layer which is a surface layer of the steel sheet sample was removed with abrasive paper to produce a sample composed only of the base steel sheet. The measurement conditions of the diffusible hydrogen concentration are shown below. [0067] Sample heater: infrared gold image furnace (RHL-E410P manufactured by ULVAC-RIKO, Inc.) [0068] Analyzer: APS-MS/atmospheric pressure ionization mass spectrometer (FLEX-MS400 manufactured by NIPPON API Co., Ltd.) [0069] Analysis sample: three sheets cut into a size of 10 mm3 mm [0070] Measurement temperature: room temperature to 300 C. [0071] Temperature rising rate: 5 C./rain [0072] Measurement atmosphere: Ar (1000 mL/min)

    (Measurement of Time Until Occurrence of Red Rust by Salt Spray Test)

    [0073] A neutral salt spray test according to JIS Z2371:2015 (salt concentration: 50 g/L, temperature: 35 C., back face and edge face seal of test piece: present) was conducted. Spray was stopped every 100 hours after 4000 hours elapsed from the start of the salt spray test and the occurrence of red rust on the test piece surface was visually observed. The accumulated time of spray of a salt solution at the time when the occurrence of red rust was first recognized was taken as a time until occurrence of red rust of the sample. Since the observation was performed every 100 hours here, for example, a sample having a time until occurrence of red rust of 7100 hours can be evaluated as at least meeting the corrosion resistance requirement: the time until occurrence of red rust is 7000 hours or more.

    (Measurement of Lightness L* Value)

    [0074] The lightness L* value was measured using a spectral color difference meter (TC-1800 manufactured by Tokyo Denshoku Co. Ltd.) by a spectral reflectance measuring method according to JIS K5600. The measurement conditions are shown below. [0075] Optical conditions: d/8 method (double beam optical system) [0076] Angular size: 2 degrees Measuring method: reflected light measurement [0077] Standard light: C [0078] Color system: CIELAB [0079] Measurement wavelengths: 380 to 780 nm [0080] Interval of measurement wavelengths: 5 nm [0081] Spectroscope: diffraction grating 1200/mm [0082] Illumination: halogen lamp (voltage: 12 V, power: 50 W, rated life: 2000 hours) [0083] Measured area: 7.25 mm [0084] Detecting element: photomultiplier tube (R928; Hamamatsu Photonics K. K.) [0085] Reflectance: 0-150% [0086] Measurement temperature: 23 C. [0087] Reference sheet: white

    [0088] The results are shown in Tables 3, 4, and 5.

    TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 ZnAlMg-based- Crack coated steel sheet introducing Diffusible step hydrogen Time until Plated Total Baking treatment step concentration in occurrence of red Sample steel elongation Temperature Time base steel sheet rust in salt spray No. sheet No. (%) Atmosphere ( C.) (h) (ppm) test (h) Classification 1 A-1 0 Air 110 24 0.34 7800 Comp. Ex. 2 B-1 0 Air 110 24 0.35 7800 Comp. Ex. 3 C-1 0 Air 110 24 0.33 7800 Comp. Ex. 4 Air 140 8 0.32 7300 Comp. Ex. 5 Air 80 12 0.36 7800 Comp. Ex. 6 Air 80 1 0.38 7800 Comp. Ex. 7 Air 80 4 0.37 7800 Comp. Ex. 8 Air 80 24 0.33 7800 Comp. Ex. 9 Air 50 36 0.38 7800 Comp. Ex. 10 D-1 0 Air 110 24 0.35 7800 Comp. Ex. 11 E-1 0 Air 110 24 0.35 7800 Comp. Ex. 12 Air 140 8 0.31 7200 Comp. Ex. 13 Air 110 4 0.37 7800 Comp. Ex. 14 Air 110 12 0.36 7800 Comp. Ex. 15 F-1 0 Air 110 24 0.33 7800 Comp. Ex. 16 G-1 0 Air 110 24 0.33 7800 Comp. Ex. 17 Air 170 4 0.30 6200 Comp. Ex. 18 Air 200 4 0.18 5400 Comp. Ex. 19 Air 110 8 0.34 7800 Comp. Ex. 20 H-1 0 Air 110 24 0.33 7800 Comp. Ex. 21 Air 110 8 0.36 7800 Comp. Ex. 22 I-1 0 Air 110 24 0.32 7800 Comp. Ex 23 Air 140 24 0.31 7400 Comp. Ex. 24 Air 200 36 0.08 5000 Comp. Ex. 25 Air 80 4 0.35 7800 Comp. Ex. 26 Air 80 12 0.36 7800 Comp. Ex. 27 Air 80 24 0.35 7800 Comp. Ex. 28 Air 110 1 0.33 7800 Comp. Ex. Hatching: inadequate production conditions/underlined: outside the range defined as the Inventive material

    TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 ZnAlMg-based- Crack coated steel sheet introducing Diffusible step hydrogen Time until Plated Total Baking treatment step concentration in occurrence of red Sample steel elongation Temperature base steel sheet rust in salt spray No. sheet No. (%) Atmosphere ( C.) Time (h) (ppm) test (h) Classification 31 A-2 0.2 Air 110 24 0.03 7800 Inv. Ex 32 B-2 0.5 Air 110 24 0.04 7800 Inv. Ex. 33 C-2 0.8 Air 110 24 0.05 7800 Inv. Ex. 34 Air 140 8 0.09 7300 Inv. Ex. 35 Air 80 12 0.16 7800 Inv. Ex. 36 Air 80 1 0.29 7800 Inv. Ex. 37 Air 80 4 0.27 7800 Inv. Ex. 38 Air 80 24 0.14 7800 Inv. Ex. 39 Air 50 36 0.35 7800 Comp. Ex. 40 D-2 0.2 Air 110 24 0.09 7800 Inv. Ex. 41 E-2 0.2 Air 110 24 0.10 7800 Inv. Ex. 42 Air 140 8 0.07 7200 Inv. Ex. 43 Air 110 4 0.09 7800 Inv. Ex. 44 Air 110 12 0.09 7800 Inv. Ex. 45 F-2 0.5 Air 110 24 0.10 7800 Inv. Ex. 46 G-2 0.7 Air 110 24 0.07 7800 Inv. Ex. 47 Air 170 4 0.05 6200 Comp. Ex. 48 Air 200 4 0.02 5400 Comp. Ex. 49 Air 110 8 0.08 7800 Inv. Ex. 50 H-2 1.0 Air 110 24 0.03 7800 Inv. Ex. 51 Air 110 8 0.06 7800 Inv. Ex. 52 I-2 0.4 Air 110 24 0.04 7800 Inv. Ex. 53 Air 140 24 0.03 7400 Inv. Ex. 54 Air 200 36 0.02 5000 Comp. Ex. 55 Air 80 4 0.28 7800 Inv. Ex. 56 Air 80 12 0.14 7800 Inv. Ex. 57 Air 80 24 0.13 7800 Inv. Ex. 58 Air 110 1 0.25 7800 Inv. Ex. Hatching: inadequate production conditions/underlined: outside the range defined as the Inventive material

    TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 ZnAlMg-based- Crack coated steel sheet introducing Diffusible step hydrogen Time until Plated Total Baking treatment step concentration in occurrence of Surface Sample steel sheet elongation Temperature base steel sheet red rust in salt lightness No No. (%) Atmosphere ( C.) Time (h) (ppm) spray test (h) L* Classification 61 A-2 0.2 Steam 110 24 0.03 7500 34 Inv. Ex. 62 B-2 0.5 Steam 110 24 0.05 7500 33 Inv. Ex. 63 C-2 0.8 Steam 110 24 0.06 7500 34 Inv. Ex. 64 Steam 140 8 0.10 7100 33 Inv. Ex. 65 Steam 80 12 0.15 7500 44 Inv. Ex. 66 Steam 80 1 0.30 7500 48 Inv. Ex 67 Steam 80 4 0.29 7500 46 Inv. Ex 63 Steam 80 31 0.14 7500 42 Inv. Ex 69 Steam 50 36 0.38 7700 65 Comp. Ex. 70 D-2 0.2 Steam 110 24 0.09 7500 33 Inv. Ex 71 E-2 0.2 Steam 110 24 0.11 7500 34 Inv. Ex 72 Steam 140 8 0.07 7100 32 Inv. Ex 73 Steam 110 4 0.10 7500 43 Inv. Ex. 74 Steam 110 12 0.09 7500 33 Inv. Ex 75 F-2 0.5 Steam 110 24 0.10 7500 34 Inv. Ex 76 G-2 0.7 Steam 110 24 0.09 7500 35 Inv. Ex. 77 Steam 170 4 0.07 6000 34 Comp. Ex 78 Steam 200 4 0.03 5200 32 Comp. Ex. 79 Steam 110 8 0.09 7500 34 Inv. Ex. 80 H-2 1.0 Steam 110 24 0.03 7500 31 Inv. Ex 81 Steam 110 8 0.06 7500 33 Inv. Ex. 82 I-2 0.4 Steam 110 24 0.05 7500 33 Inv. Ex 83 Steam 140 24 0.02 7300 32 Inv. Ex 84 Steam 200 36 0.02 4800 33 Comp. Ex. 85 Steam 80 4 0.29 7500 46 Inv. Ex 86 Steam 80 12 0.15 7500 45 Inv. Ex 87 Steam 80 24 0.15 7500 44 Inv. Ex 88 Steam 110 1 0.28 7500 42 Inv. Ex Hatching: inadequate production conditions/underlined: outside the range defined as the Inventive material

    [0089] When a baking treatment was applied without introducing cracks into a plating layer (Table 3), except for examples in which a baking treatment was applied at an elevated temperature higher than 150 C. (sample Nos. 17, 18, and 24), the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet was not able to be decreased to 0.30 ppm or less. However, in the above examples in which a baking treatment was applied at an elevated temperature, the time until occurrence of red rust in the salt spray test was less than 7000 hours and decrease in the corrosion resistance by a baking treatment was observed. When the crack introducing step is not applied, it is difficult to stably achieve both of the significant decrease in the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet and the inherent corrosion resistance of a hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layer.

    [0090] When a baking treatment was applied after introducing cracks into a plating layer (Tables 4 and 5), the diffusible hydrogen concentration in a base steel sheet was able to be stably decreased to 0.30 ppm or less even with a baking treatment temperature of 150 C. or lower. It was found in all the examples that the time until occurrence of red rust in the salt spray test was 7000 hours or more and the coating layer after the baking treatment had an excellent rustproofing effect as with general hot-dip ZnAlMg-based plating layers. However in Test Nos. 39 and 69, since the baking treatment temperature was so low as 50 C., the effect of decreasing the diffusible hydrogen concentration was insufficient. In examples where the baking treatment temperature was set to a temperature higher than 150 C. (Sample Nos. 47, 48, 54, 77, 78, and 84), decrease in the corrosion resistance was recognized. In comparison between Table 3 and Table 4, no difference in the corrosion resistance (rustproofing performance) was recognized depending on whether a crack was present in the coating layer. In the examples where a baking treatment was performed under a steam atmosphere, a black-tone appearance with a lightness of 60 or less was obtained except for an example in which the baking treatment temperature was so low as 50 C. (Sample No. 69). It was found that the appearance can be adjusted to a deeper black appearance with a lightness L* of 40 or less.

    (Bending Test)

    [0091] Next shown was a test example in which the effect of the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet on the bending workability was investigated using plated steel sheets (sheet thickness 1.0 mm) of the steel No. D. The ZnAlMg-based-coated steel sheet samples of Sample Nos. 10, 40, and 70 shown in Tables 3 to 5 were subjected to a 135 V bending test at room temperature according to the V block method of JIS Z2248:2006 using a 45 pushing metal fitting so that the bending axis is parallel to the sample rolling direction. The V bending test was performed using various pushing metal fittings having different radii of curvature of the tip end and the surface of the portion subject to bending working was visually observed after the test to determine the minimum bending radius MBR (mm) at which no fracture was caused. The results are shown in Table 6.

    TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 ZnAlMg-based-coated steel Crack sheet introducing Diffusible step hydrogen MBR in Plated Total Baking treatment step concentration in 135 Sample steel sheet elongation Temperature base steel sheet bending test No. No. (%) Atmosphere ( C.) Time (h) (ppm) (mm) Classification 10 D-1 0 Air 110 24 0.35 1.0 Comp. Ex. 40 D-2 0.2 Air 110 24 0.09 0.25 Inv. Ex. 70 D-2 0.2 Steam 110 24 0.09 0.25 Inv. Ex. Hatching: inadequate production conditions/underlined: outside the range defined as the Inventive material

    [0092] In Inventive Examples in which the diffusible hydrogen concentration in the base steel sheet was lowered, the bending workability is significantly enhanced as compared with Comparative Examples. By a technique of applying a baking treatment after introducing cracks in a coating layer, hydrogen embrittlement can be eliminated to significantly enhance the workability.