METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR MAKING A CONTAINER COMPRISING A TRAY INTERNALLY COVERED WITH A LAYER OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL

Abstract

A method for making a container, wherein in a positioning step a tray (2) constituted of a single sheet of material, folded and shaped with wrinkled zones (3) is positioned in a thermoforming mould (7), and wherein in a covering step a sheet of thermoplastic material (1) is thermoformed on the tray (2), the covering step being carried out while preventing the thermoforming mould (7) from making contact with the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the wrinkled zones (3) of an annular flange (6) of the tray (2). Also claimed is an apparatus (13) which comprises a thermoforming mould (7) in which there are present a first peripheral portion (8) configured to support in use the annular flange (6) of the tray (2) and a second peripheral portion (17) which, in the operating position, is facing the first peripheral portion (8), wherein in the operating position, the second peripheral portion (17) is at a distance from the first peripheral portion (8) in such a way that it does not make contact with the layer of thermoplastic material (9) stuck to the tray (2), at the wrinkled zones (3) of the annular flange (6).

Claims

1. A method for making a container comprising a tray internally covered with a layer of thermoplastic material, the method comprising the following operating steps: a positioning step, in which a tray (2) is positioned in a thermoforming mould (7), the tray comprising a bottom wall (4), a lateral wall (5) which extends upwards from the bottom wall (4) and an annular flange (6) which extends outwards starting from an upper part of the lateral wall (5), wherein the bottom wall (4), the lateral wall (5) and the annular flange (6) are constituted of a single sheet of material, folded and shaped in such a way that the annular flange (6) and the lateral wall (5) have wrinkled zones (3); a covering step during which a sheet of thermoplastic material (1) is thermoformed on the tray (2) inside the thermoforming mould (7), and made to stick to the bottom wall (4), to the lateral wall (5) and to the annular flange (6) of the tray (2) forming the layer of thermoplastic material (9), the covering step being carried out while preventing the thermoforming mould (7) from making contact with the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the wrinkled zones (3) of the annular flange (6).

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the covering step is carried out while preventing the thermoforming mould (7) from making contact with the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) at the entire annular flange (6).

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein during the covering step the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) is retained by the thermoforming mould (7) at a first zone (10) of it, which is placed outside a second zone (11) of it which, during the covering step, is applied to the annular flange (6).

4. The method according to claim 3, also comprising, after the covering step, a cutting step in which the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) is cut at an edge zone (12) of it which is outside its second zone (11).

5. The method according to claim 1, also comprising, after the covering step, a positioning step during which a product is positioned in the tray (2) internally covered with the layer of thermoplastic material (9), and a sealing step during which a sealing film is positioned over the tray (2) and is fixed to the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the annular flange (6) of the tray (2).

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein during the sealing step the sealing film is heated and mechanically pressed onto the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the annular flange (6), at the same time pressing the layer of thermoplastic material (9) onto the annular flange (6) of the tray (2).

7. An apparatus for making a container comprising a tray (2) internally covered with a layer of thermoplastic material (9), the apparatus (13) comprising a thermoforming mould (7) which includes a first part (14) and a second part (15), at least one of which is movable relative to the other between a home position, in which the first part (14) and the second part (15) are at a distance from each other, and an operating position, in which the first part (14) and the second part (15) are coupled to each other in a gas-tight way, wherein the first part (14) defines a housing (16) configured to house a tray (2) of a predetermined type which comprises a bottom wall (4), a lateral wall (5) which extends upwards from the bottom wall (4) and an annular flange (6) which extends outwards starting from an upper part of the lateral wall (5), wherein the bottom wall (4), the lateral wall (5) and the annular flange (6) are constituted of a single sheet of material, folded and shaped in such a way that the annular flange (6) and the lateral wall (5) have wrinkled zones (3); wherein the apparatus (13) also comprises: means for positioning a sheet of thermoplastic material (1) between the first part (14) and the second part (15) when they are placed in the home position, the passage of the first part (14) and of the second part (15) from the home position to the operating position in use causing clamping of the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) between the first part (14) and the second part (15); means for heating the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) clamped between the first part (14) and the second part (15); suction means associated with the first part (14) to create in use a vacuum between the heated sheet of thermoplastic material (1) and the first part (14) and/or blowing means associated with the second part (15) for feeding pressurised air between the second part (15) and the heated sheet of thermoplastic material (1), to deform the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) and to make it stick to the bottom wall (4), to the lateral wall (5) and to the annular flange (6) of the tray (2), making the layer of thermoplastic material (9); and wherein: identifiable respectively in the first part (14) and in the second part (15) there are a first peripheral portion (8) configured to support in use the annular flange (6) of the tray (2) and a second peripheral portion (17) which, in the operating position, is facing the first peripheral portion (8); and in the operating position, the second peripheral portion (17) is at a distance from the first peripheral portion (8) in such a way that it does not make contact with the layer of thermoplastic material (9) stuck to the tray (2), at the wrinkled zones (3) of the annular flange (6).

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein in the operating position, the second peripheral portion (17) is at a distance from the first peripheral portion (8) in such a way that it does not make contact with the layer of thermoplastic material (9) stuck to the tray (2), at the entire the annular flange (6).

9. The apparatus according to claim 7, wherein, when the second part (15) is in the operating position, the second peripheral portion (17) is movable relative to the rest of the second part (15), between a distal position and a proximal position, when it is in the proximal position the second peripheral portion (17) being closer to the first peripheral portion (8) than when it is in the distal position.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7, also comprising cutting means (18) for cutting the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), which are positioned outside the first peripheral portion (8) and the second peripheral portion (17), wherein, when the first part (14) and the second part (15) are in the operating position, the cutting means (18) are switchable between an inactive configuration in which they are at a distance in use from the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) and an active configuration in which in use they interfere with the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), the switching of the cutting means (18) from the inactive configuration to the active configuration in use causing the cutting of the sheet of thermoplastic material (1).

11. The method according to claim 2, wherein during the covering step the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) is retained by the thermoforming mould (7) at a first zone (10) of it, which is placed outside a second zone (11) of it which, during the covering step, is applied to the annular flange (6).

12. The method according to claim 2, also comprising, after the covering step, a positioning step during which a product is positioned in the tray (2) internally covered with the layer of thermoplastic material (9), and a sealing step during which a sealing film is positioned over the tray (2) and is fixed to the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the annular flange (6) of the tray (2).

13. The method according to claim 3, also comprising, after the covering step, a positioning step during which a product is positioned in the tray (2) internally covered with the layer of thermoplastic material (9), and a sealing step during which a sealing film is positioned over the tray (2) and is fixed to the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the annular flange (6) of the tray (2).

14. The method according to claim 4, also comprising, after the covering step, a positioning step during which a product is positioned in the tray (2) internally covered with the layer of thermoplastic material (9), and a sealing step during which a sealing film is positioned over the tray (2) and is fixed to the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the annular flange (6) of the tray (2).

15. The method according to claim 11, also comprising, after the covering step, a positioning step during which a product is positioned in the tray (2) internally covered with the layer of thermoplastic material (9), and a sealing step during which a sealing film is positioned over the tray (2) and is fixed to the layer of thermoplastic material (9) at the annular flange (6) of the tray (2).

16. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein, when the second part (15) is in the operating position, the second peripheral portion (17) is movable relative to the rest of the second part (15), between a distal position and a proximal position, when it is in the proximal position the second peripheral portion (17) being closer to the first peripheral portion (8) than when it is in the distal position.

17. The apparatus according to claim 8, also comprising cutting means (18) for cutting the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), which are positioned outside the first peripheral portion (8) and the second peripheral portion (17), wherein, when the first part (14) and the second part (15) are in the operating position, the cutting means (18) are switchable between an inactive configuration in which they are at a distance in use from the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) and an active configuration in which in use they interfere with the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), the switching of the cutting means (18) from the inactive configuration to the active configuration in use causing the cutting of the sheet of thermoplastic material (1).

18. The apparatus according to claim 9, also comprising cutting means (18) for cutting the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), which are positioned outside the first peripheral portion (8) and the second peripheral portion (17), wherein, when the first part (14) and the second part (15) are in the operating position, the cutting means (18) are switchable between an inactive configuration in which they are at a distance in use from the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) and an active configuration in which in use they interfere with the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), the switching of the cutting means (18) from the inactive configuration to the active configuration in use causing the cutting of the sheet of thermoplastic material (1).

19. The apparatus according to claim 16, also comprising cutting means (18) for cutting the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), which are positioned outside the first peripheral portion (8) and the second peripheral portion (17), wherein, when the first part (14) and the second part (15) are in the operating position, the cutting means (18) are switchable between an inactive configuration in which they are at a distance in use from the sheet of thermoplastic material (1) and an active configuration in which in use they interfere with the sheet of thermoplastic material (1), the switching of the cutting means (18) from the inactive configuration to the active configuration in use causing the cutting of the sheet of thermoplastic material (1).

Description

[0021] Further features and the advantages of this invention will be more apparent from the detailed description of several preferred, non-limiting embodiments of a method and an apparatus for making a container comprising a tray internally covered with a layer of thermoplastic material, illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0022] FIG. 1 is a top view of an example of a tray usable in the context of the method according to this invention;

[0023] FIG. 2 is a side view of the tray of FIG. 1;

[0024] FIG. 3 is a front view vertical section of an apparatus according to this invention during a first operating step;

[0025] FIG. 4 is an enlarged view of the detail IV-IV of FIG. 3;

[0026] FIG. 5 shows the apparatus of FIG. 3 during a subsequent second operating step;

[0027] FIG. 6 is an enlarged view of the detail VI-VI of FIG. 5;

[0028] FIG. 7 shows the apparatus of FIG. 5 during a subsequent third operating step;

[0029] FIG. 8 is an enlarged view of the detail VIII-VIII of FIG. 7;

[0030] FIG. 9 shows the apparatus of FIG. 7 during a subsequent fourth operating step;

[0031] FIG. 10 is an enlarged view of the detail X-X of FIG. 9;

[0032] FIG. 11 shows the apparatus of FIG. 9 during a subsequent fifth operating step;

[0033] FIG. 12 is an enlarged view of the detail XII-XII of FIG. 11;

[0034] FIG. 13 shows the apparatus of FIG. 11 during a subsequent sixth operating step; and

[0035] FIG. 14 is an enlarged view of the detail XIV-XIV of FIG. 13.

[0036] In FIGS. 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 14 the thick line represents the sheet of thermoplastic material 1; it should be noticed that the thickness shown in the figures is not the real thickness but is only intended to allow the film to be distinguished from the other lines in the drawing. In fact, the real thickness is much less.

[0037] The following is a description initially of the method according to this invention, and then of the apparatus. It should be noticed that the apparatus is capable of implementing the method according to this invention, and that what will be described relative, respectively, to the method and to the apparatus, shall be understood to also apply, if technically applicable, respectively to the apparatus and to the method.

[0038] In the context of the following description, the terms “mechanical” and mechanically”, combined with verbs such as press, retain or clamp, shall be understood in the sense that the actions indicated by those verbs are performed by mechanical devices which make physical contact with the parts on which those actions are applied.

[0039] Before going into the merit of the detailed description of this invention, it must be emphasised that it is based on the insight of being able to make containers of the first known type described above, in a way that is technically different from what has been done until now, which allows the containers made in this way to be used for optimum quality packaging in a controlled atmosphere. As described in more detail below, the innovative insight which forms the basis of this invention was that of using a completely new way of applying the layer of thermoplastic material to the upper flange of the tray, that is to say, using exclusively thermoforming, without applying any mechanical pressure on the layer of thermoplastic material at the upper flange of the tray.

[0040] The starting point for implementing the method according to this invention is therefore that of taking a tray 2 constituted of a single sheet of folded and shaped cellulose material (that is to say, similar to that of the known first type of containers described above), and in which wrinkled zones 3 are present which make it possible to compensate for the different extent that said sheet of cellulose material had before being shaped. In general the tray 2 comprises a bottom wall 4, a lateral wall 5 which extends upwards from the bottom wall 4 and an annular flange 6 which extends outwards starting from an upper part of the lateral wall 5 as illustrated by way of example in FIGS. 1 and 2, in which the bottom wall 4 has a rectangular perimeter with rounded corners. As already indicated, the bottom wall 4, the lateral wall 5 and the annular flange 6 are constituted of a single sheet of material, folded and shaped in such a way that the annular flange 6 and the lateral wall 5 have wrinkled zones 3. As in the case of the tray 2 of FIG. 1, the wrinkled zones 3 originate at zones in which the perimeter of the bottom wall 4 extends in a way that is not straight. Returning to the method according to this invention, it comprises first a positioning step, in which the tray 2 is positioned in a thermoforming mould 7. Advantageously, and in a known way, for that purpose use will be made of a thermoforming mould 7 suitably sized for the tray 2 of interest.

[0041] Preferably, use will be made of a mould which has a first peripheral portion 8 configured specifically to support from below the annular flange 6 of the tray 2.

[0042] Then, the method comprises a covering step during which a sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is thermoformed on the tray 2 inside the thermoforming mould 7. During the covering step the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is made to stick to the bottom wall 4, to the lateral wall 5 and to the annular flange 6 of the tray 2 forming the layer of thermoplastic material 9 which covers the inside of it (it should be noticed that in the context of this description the definition sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is used to indicate the material before the thermoforming, whilst the definition layer of thermoplastic material 9 indicates the material thermoformed on the tray 2). According to the main innovative aspect of this invention, the covering step is carried while preventing the thermoforming mould 7 from making contact with the layer of thermoplastic material 9 at least at the wrinkled zones 3 of the annular flange 6. However, preferably, the covering step is carried out while preventing the thermoforming mould 7 from making contact with the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 at the entire annular flange 6.

[0043] In other words, unlike what has been known until now, in the method according to this invention the step of thermoforming the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 inside the tray 2 is carried out without mechanically clamping the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 on the flange of the tray 2. Consequently any parts of the shaped mould facing the first peripheral portion 8 will always be kept at a distance from the latter which is greater than the sum of the maximum nominal thickness of the annular flange 6, the thickness of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and a safety margin (advantageously greater than or equal to two tenths of a millimetre).

[0044] Therefore, according to this invention, in order to keep the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 correctly positioned during the covering step, the method requires the use of a sheet of thermoplastic material 1 wider than the outer perimeter of the annular flange 6 of the tray 2, and for this to be mechanically retained (for example by the mould), outside the zone affected by the thermoforming.

[0045] In the preferred embodiments, during the covering step the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is retained by the thermoforming mould 7 at a first zone 10 of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1, which is placed outside the zone of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 which, during the covering step, is made to stick to the annular flange 6 (the latter, hereinafter, will be indicated as the second zone 11).

[0046] In some embodiments, the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is constituted of a continuous sheet unwound from a roll.

[0047] In some embodiments, after the covering step, the method also comprises a cutting step in which the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is cut at an edge zone 12 of it which is outside its second zone 11, and inside the first zone 10 at which it is mechanically retained (FIG. 14).

[0048] If the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is obtained from a continuous sheet unwound from a roll, the cutting step may be carried out either without interrupting the continuity of the continuous sheet, that is to say, by cutting out “windows” in the continuous sheet, or by severing the continuous sheet and obtaining a series of pieces.

[0049] Thanks to the absence of mechanical clamping at the annular flange 6 of the tray 2, at the wrinkled zones 3 of the annular flange 6 the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is applied to the annular flange 6 in such a way that it remains resting on the crests formed by the material of the tray 2, without those crests being crushed as in contrast occurs when sticking in the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 to the annular flange 6 of the tray 2 is obtained by means of mechanically clamping the two. In some embodiments at the end of the covering step the sticking of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 to the flange of the tray 2 is only partial. In other embodiments in contrast it may be complete.

[0050] In some embodiments, once the tray 2 has been covered with the layer of thermoplastic material 9, the container can be considered complete and ready for a future use. In fact, at the moment of use, once a product has been positioned inside the container, the latter can be sealed with an upper film, proceeding as described below.

[0051] In contrast, in other embodiments, the method requires the container to be completed by inserting the product in it and sealing it. In that case, after the covering step, the method comprises a positioning step during which the product to be packaged is positioned in the tray 2 internally covered with the layer of thermoplastic material 9, in particular at the bottom wall 4. Then the method comprises a sealing step during which a sealing film is positioned over the tray 2 and is fixed to the layer of thermoplastic material 9 at least at the annular flange 6 of the tray 2 (however, more extensive sticking in accordance with the Skin technique is possible). Advantageously fixing is achieved by heat-sealing the upper film to the layer of thermoplastic material 9.

[0052] For that purpose, during the sealing step the sealing film is heated and mechanically pressed onto the layer of thermoplastic material 9 at the annular flange 6. Preferably, at the same time the layer of thermoplastic material 9 is pressed onto the annular flange 6 of the tray 2. In the preferred embodiments all of this is achieved by mechanically clamping together the annular flange 6, the layer of thermoplastic material 9 and the upper film. If at the end of the covering step the sheet of thermoplastic material 9 does not completely stick to the annular flange 6 of the tray 2 at the wrinkled zones 3, complete sticking is achieved as a result of the sealing step, carried out by mechanically clamping together the annular flange 6, the layer of thermoplastic material 9 and the upper film.

[0053] Moving on to the apparatus 13 according to this invention, as already indicated above, it is configured to implement the method described so far.

[0054] The apparatus 13 comprises first a thermoforming mould 7 which includes a first part 14 and a second part 15. At least one of either the first part 14 or the second part 15 is movable relative to the other between a home position and an operating position. When they are in the home position the first part 14 and the second part 15 are at a distance from each other and allow access to the inner part of the thermoforming mould 7. When they are in the operating position, the first part 14 and the second part 15 are coupled to each other in a gas-tight way and the thermoforming mould 7 is closed.

[0055] The first part 14 defines a housing 16 configured to house a tray 2 of a predetermined type (which will have all of the characteristics indicated above which are required for execution of the method according to this invention), whilst the second part 15 constitutes a cover for the housing 16.

[0056] In the first part 14 a first peripheral portion 8 is identifiable which is configured to support, in use, the annular flange 6 of the tray 2. Therefore, the first peripheral portion 8 is placed substantially along the outline of the housing 16 for the tray 2.

[0057] When the first part 14 and the second part 15 are in the operating position, identifiable in the second part 15 there is a second peripheral portion 17 which corresponds to the portion of the second part 15 which is facing the first peripheral portion 8 (in the embodiments in which the mould is positioned horizontally, the second peripheral portion 17 is the one vertically aligned with the first peripheral portion 8).

[0058] According to the main innovative aspect of this invention, when the first part 14 and the second part 15 are in the operating position, the second peripheral portion 17 is at a distance from the first peripheral portion 8 in such a way that it does not make contact with the layer of thermoplastic material 9, once the latter has been applied to the tray 2 and is stuck to it, at least at the wrinkled zones 3 of the annular flange 6, but preferably at the entire annular flange 6. As explained above, in order to obtain that result the second peripheral portion 17 will always be kept at a distance from the first peripheral portion 8 which is greater than the sum of the maximum nominal thickness of the annular flange 6 of the tray 2 which the apparatus 13 is intended to process, the thickness of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and a safety margin (advantageously greater than or equal to two tenths of a millimetre). In other words, it will always be the case that between the first peripheral portion 8 and the second peripheral portion 17 there is always a distance such that in use there is always an empty space 22 present between the second peripheral portion 17 and the layer of thermoplastic material 9.

[0059] In some embodiments the second peripheral portion 17 is fixed relative to the rest of the second part 15 of the thermoforming mould 7 and therefore cannot vary its distance from the first peripheral portion 8 when the first part 14 and the second part 15 are in the operating position.

[0060] In other embodiments, in contrast, the second peripheral portion 17 is movable relative to the rest of the second part 15 of the thermoforming mould 7. In particular, when the second part 15 is in the operating position, the second peripheral portion 17 is movable, relative to the rest of the second part 15, towards and away from the first part 14. In more detail, the second peripheral portion 17 is movable between a distal position and a proximal position. When it is in the proximal position (FIG. 12), the second peripheral portion 17 is closer to the first peripheral portion 8 than when it is in the distal position (FIG. 10).

[0061] In some embodiments not illustrated, the shifting of the second peripheral portion 17 to the proximal position occurs before the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is applied to the tray 2; in that case, during the shifting of the second peripheral portion 17 from the distal position to the proximal position (with the first part 14 and the second part 15 in the operating position), the second peripheral portion 17 shifts the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 towards the first peripheral portion 8 but without making it make contact with it or with the tray 2.

[0062] In other embodiments, such as that illustrated in the accompanying figures, the shifting of the second peripheral portion 17 to the proximal position in contrast occurs after the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 has already been applied to the tray 2 (FIG. 12); advantageously in fact in this case associated with the second peripheral portion 17 are the cutting means 18 for the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 which are described below, and the shifting serves to move the cutting means 18 towards the sheet of thermoplastic material 1. In general, advantageously, once the first part 14 and the second part 15 have moved from the home position to the operating position, the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is clamped between the first part 14 and the second part 15. In particular, the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is clamped between a first clamping portion 19 fixed to the first part 14 and a second clamping portion 20 fixed to the second part 15, where the first clamping portion 19 and the second clamping portion 20 are positioned outside, respectively, the first peripheral portion 8 and the second peripheral portion 17, relative to the housing 16 defined by the first part 14 of the thermoforming mould 7. By retaining the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 between them, the first clamping portion 19 and the second clamping portion 20 guarantee that the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 remains taut over the tray 2, when the first part 14 and the second part 15 of the thermoforming mould 7 reach the operating position.

[0063] In some embodiments, the first clamping portion 19 and the second clamping portion 20 extend in an annular fashion around a central axis of the housing 16 (perpendicular to a central point of the bottom wall 4), in such a way as to clamp the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 along a continuous perimeter.

[0064] In other embodiments, particularly suitable for the case in which the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is obtained by unwinding a reel, the first clamping portion 19 and the second clamping portion 20 may comprise only respective upstream portions and downstream portions (and therefore not have an annular shape), which are positioned respectively upstream and downstream of the housing 16 relative to a direction of unwinding of the reel (for example one to the left and one to the right of the housing 16, in the case of the mould illustrated in the accompanying figures considering that the direction of unwinding goes from left to right or vice versa).

[0065] The apparatus 13 also comprises positioning means (not illustrated) configured to position a sheet of thermoplastic material 1 between the first part 14 and the second part 15, when they are in the home position and to keep it in that position during the passage of the first part 14 and/or of the second part 15 from the home position to the operating position. In use, the passage of the first part 14 and/or of the second part 15 from the home position to the operating position, causes clamping of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 between the first part 14 and the second part 15 (FIG. 6). In this condition it is possible that the second peripheral portion 17 is in contact with the sheet of thermoplastic material 1.

[0066] Advantageously, the means for positioning the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 may be made in a similar way to the retaining means commonly used in packaging machines for retaining a sealing film over a tray to be sealed. In particular, the positioning means may be configured to gradually unwind the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 from a reel.

[0067] Advantageously, the apparatus 13 also comprises cutting means 18 (such as blades as in the accompanying figures) for cutting the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 after it has been applied to the tray 2, separating the part applied to the tray 2 from the part retained by the retaining means. Therefore, the cutting means 18 are positioned outside the first peripheral portion 8 and the second peripheral portion 17, advantageously between the retaining means and the first peripheral portion 8 and the second peripheral portion 17. Furthermore, when the first part 14 and the second part 15 are in the operating position, the cutting means 18 are switchable between an inactive configuration in which they are at a distance from the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 (FIG. 12), and an active configuration in which in use they interfere with the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 (FIG. 14), so that the switching of the cutting means 18 from the inactive configuration to the active configuration in use causes the cutting of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1.

[0068] Furthermore, the apparatus 13 comprises heating means (not illustrated since they are of the known type) for heating the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 which are configured to heat the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 when it is clamped between the first part 14 and the second part 15, to bring it to the temperature necessary for its thermoforming on the tray 2. In the preferred embodiment the heating means heat the entire second part 15 at its surface facing the housing 16.

[0069] Depending on the embodiments, the apparatus 13 may also comprise suction means (not illustrated since they are of the known type) which are associated with the first part 14 and/or blowing means (not illustrated since they are of the known type) which are associated with the second part 15 of the thermoforming mould 7. The suction means are configured to create in use a vacuum between the heated sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and the first part 14 of the thermoforming mould 7; for that purpose they may comprise a suction unit and a plurality of ducts which connect the suction unit to a plurality of different points of the housing 16. In turn, the blowing means are configured to feed pressurised air between the second part 15 and the heated sheet of thermoplastic material 1; for that purpose, the blowing means may comprise an air pressurisation device connected by means of one or more ducts to the second part 15 over the housing 16. Both the suction means and the blowing means are suitable for deforming the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and making it stick to the bottom wall 4, to the lateral wall 5 and to the annular flange 6 of the tray 2, thereby making the layer of thermoplastic material 9 stuck to the tray 2.

[0070] In the preferred embodiment illustrated in the accompanying figures, there are also auxiliary suction means present (not illustrated since they are of the known type) which are configured to create in use a vacuum between the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 not yet completely heated and the second part 15 of the thermoforming mould 7, to make the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 stick to the second part 15 (FIG. 8) and to guarantee the heating of it necessary for the subsequent step of sticking to the tray 2 (FIG. 10). Finally, associated with the housing 16 there may be an ejection mechanism 21 suitable for extracting the tray 2 from the housing 16.

[0071] Operation of the apparatus 13 is obvious from the structural description above. With the first part 14 and the second part 15 in the home position, a tray 2 is inserted in the housing 16 defined by the first part 14, thereby implementing the positioning step.

[0072] Then the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 is positioned over the tray 2 between the first part 14 and the second part 15 and, advantageously, is held taut by the positioning means (FIGS. 3 and 4).

[0073] Subsequently, the first part 14 and the second part 15 are moved to the operating position; at the same time the retaining means lock the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 (FIGS. 5 and 6). The second peripheral portion 17 is in the distal position.

[0074] After an initial heating of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 by the heating means, a vacuum is created between the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and the second part 15 of the thermoforming mould 7, in such a way as to deform the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 making it stick to the second part 15 (FIGS. 7 and 8).

[0075] The contact between the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and the second part 15 guarantees that the sheet is heated to the correct temperature for the subsequent step of actual thermoforming. In fact, once that temperature has been reached, the vacuum between the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and the second part 15 is released and the suction means and/or the blowing means are activated to create a relative vacuum between the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 and the first part 14 of the thermoforming mould 7, so as to make the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 stick to the tray 2 creating the layer of thermoplastic material 9 (therefore the covering step is implemented). All of this takes place while preventing any contact between the mould, and in particular its second peripheral portion 17, and the second zone 11 of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1, that is to say, that applied to the flange of the tray 2 (either only at the wrinkled zones 3 or, preferably, at the entire annular flange 6) (FIGS. 9 and 10).

[0076] In the embodiment illustrated in the accompanying figures, at that point the second peripheral portion 17 is brought into its proximal position (FIGS. 11 and 12). However, as already explained above, in other embodiments that shifting may either not be required, or may be performed before the covering step.

[0077] Finally, the cutting means 18 are activated to carry out the cutting step. The cutting means 18 are therefore switched from the inactive configuration to the active configuration, causing cutting of the sheet of thermoplastic material 1 at a zone which is intermediate between its second zone 11 applied to the flange of the tray 2, and its first zone 10 retained by the retaining means.

[0078] At this point the container is ready to be filled and sealed with the sealing film in the ways indicated above.

[0079] This invention brings important advantages.

[0080] In fact, thanks to this invention, an innovative way of making containers of the first type described above has been provided, which allows the use of these containers even for packaging in a controlled atmosphere, with performance comparable to that of the most expensive containers of the second and third type currently used on the market.

[0081] Finally, it should be noticed that this invention is relatively easy to produce and that even the cost linked to implementing the invention is not very high.

[0082] The invention described above may be modified and adapted in several ways without thereby departing from the scope of the inventive concept.

[0083] All details may be substituted with other technically equivalent elements and the materials used, as well as the shapes and dimensions of the various components, may vary according to requirements.