MODULARIZATION SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR BATTERY EQUALIZERS BASED ON MULTI- WINDING TRANSFORMERS

Abstract

A modularization system and a method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers. By the inverse-parallel connection of the secondary sides of the odd and the even multi-winding transformers, the balancing in battery modules and between the odd and the even groups is realized based on forward conversion, and the balancing between the odd and the even groups and the automatic demagnetization for the transformers are realized based on flyback conversion. By only using a pair of complementary control signals, the direct, automatic and simultaneous balancing from any battery cell to any battery cell in the battery strings can be realized, thereby greatly improving the balancing efficiency and speed, and effectively improving the consistencies between the battery cells. The system has the advantages of high balancing efficiency, fast balancing speed, small size, low cost, high reliability, easy modularization, simple control, and nonuse of voltage detection circuits and demagnetizing circuits, etc.

Claims

1. A modularization system for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers, the system comprising a plurality of battery modules, a microcontroller, a plurality of multi-winding transformers, and a plurality of MOS transistors, wherein each battery module comprises a plurality of battery cells, and each battery module is correspondingly configured with a multi-winding transformer; the multi-winding transformer comprises y primary windings and a secondary winding, each battery cell is connected to the drain of an MOS transistor, and a source of the MOS transistor is connected to one terminal of a primary winding of a multi-winding transformer, the other terminal of the primary winding is connected to the cathode of the battery cell to form a current loop, and the microcontroller outputs two paths of complementary PWM signals to respectively drive the MOS transistors for the primary windings having opposite dotted terminals.

2. The modularization system for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 1, wherein x*y battery cells are provided, x is the number of battery modules, and y is the number of battery cells included in one battery module.

3. The modularization system for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 1, wherein the secondary sides of the adjacent multi-winding transformers are connected in reverse-parallel.

4. The modularization system for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 1, wherein the secondary windings of the multi-winding transformers are connected in parallel.

5. The modularization system for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 1, wherein the multi-winding transformers are divided into two groups, and the secondary windings of the odd and the even transformers have opposite dotted terminals.

6. The modularization system for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 5, wherein the PWM signal output terminals send a pair of complementary high-frequency PWM signals, namely PWM+ and PWM; the PWM+ signal is connected to the gates of the MOS transistors for the primary windings of the odd transformer through a driving circuit to generate the control driving signal for turn-ON and turn-OFF of the MOS transistors in the odd battery group; and the PWM signal is connected to the gates of the MOS transistors for the primary windings of the even transformer through a driving circuit to generate the control driving signal for turn-ON and turn-OFF of the MOS transistors in the even battery group.

7. A modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers, wherein the PWM signal output terminals of a microcontroller send a pair of complementary PWM signals to respectively control the alternate turn-ON of the MOS transistors for the odd and the even multi-winding transformers, the balancing in battery modules and between the odd and the even groups is realized based on forward conversion, and the balancing between the odd and the even groups and the automatic demagnetization for the transformers are realized based on flyback conversion.

8. The modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 7, wherein the control method comprises four operation modes: (1) when the MOS transistors of the odd transformers are turned ON, the demagnetization of the even transformers are automatically realized based on flyback conversion, the balancing between the odd and the even groups is realized, and the balancing in the odd groups and between the battery modules is realized based on forward conversion; (2) the MOS transistors of the odd transformers remain ON, the balancing in the odd groups and between the battery modules is realized based on forward conversion, and a precondition is provided for demagnetization of the odd transformers; (3) the MOS transistors of the even transformers are turned ON, the demagnetization of the odd transformers are automatically realized based on flyback conversion, the balancing between the odd and the even groups is realized, and the balancing in the even groups and between the battery modules is realized based on forward conversion; and (4) the MOS transistors of the even transformers remain ON, and the balancing in the even groups and between the battery modules is still realized based on forward conversion.

9. The modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 8, wherein after the continual alternation of the four modes, the balancing in the battery modules and between the odd and the even groups is realized based on forward conversion; and the balancing between the odd and the even groups is realized based on flyback conversion, thereby achieving the global balancing of the whole battery strings, and automatically demagnetizing all the transformers.

10. The modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers according to claim 7, wherein the control method is applied to the charging, discharging or stationary state of the battery strings.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0032] The accompanying drawings constituting a part of the present application are used for providing a further understanding of the present application, and the schematic embodiments of the present application and the descriptions thereof are used for interpreting the present application, rather than constituting improper limitations to the present application.

[0033] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the balancing circuit applied to x*y battery strings according to the present invention;

[0034] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the balancing circuit applied to 2*4 battery strings according to the present invention;

[0035] FIG. 3(a)-FIG. 3(d) are operation modes of the modularized balancing circuit according to the present invention;

[0036] FIG. 4 is a key waveform diagram of the balancing circuit according to the present invention;

[0037] FIG. 5 is an efficiency and load relationship diagram of the balancing circuit according to the present invention;

[0038] FIG. 6 is an experimental effect diagram of two battery modules and eight battery cells.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0039] The present invention will be further illustrated below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0040] It should be pointed out that the following detailed descriptions are all exemplary and aim to further illustrate the present application. Unless otherwise specified, all technical and scientific terms used in the descriptions have the same meanings generally understood by those of ordinary skill in the art of the present application.

[0041] It should be noted that the terms used herein are merely for describing specific embodiments, but are not intended to limit exemplary embodiments according to the present application. As used herein, unless otherwise explicitly pointed out by the context, the singular form is also intended to include the plural form. In addition, it should also be understood that when the terms include and/or comprise are used in the specification, they indicate features, steps, operations, devices, components and/or their combination.

[0042] A modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers involves x*y battery cells, a microcontroller, a plurality of multi-winding transformers, and x*y MOS transistors.

[0043] The multi-winding transformer includes y primary windings and one secondary winding;

[0044] One battery cell is connected to the drain of one MOS transistor, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to one terminal of one primary winding of one transformer, and the other terminal of the winding is connected to the cathode of the battery cell, thus forming a current loop;

[0045] The secondary windings of the multi-winding transformers are connected in parallel;

[0046] The multi-winding transformers are divided into two groups, and the secondary windings of the odd and the even transformers have opposite dotted terminals;

[0047] The microcontroller includes two pulse width modulation (PWM) signal output terminals;

[0048] The PWM signal output terminals send a pair of complementary high-frequency PWM signals, namely PWM+ and PWM;

[0049] The PWM+ signal is connected to the gates of the MOS transistors for the primary windings of the odd transformer through a driving circuit to generate the control driving signal for turn-ON and turn-OFF of the MOS transistors in the odd battery group;

[0050] The PWM signal is connected to the gates of the MOS transistors for the primary windings of the even transformer through a driving circuit to generate the control driving signal for turn-ON and turn-OFF of the MOS transistors in the even battery group.

[0051] A modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers includes the following steps:

[0052] (1) The PWM signal output terminals of the microcontroller send a pair of complementary PWM signals (PWM+ and PWM) to control alternate turn-ON of the MOS transistors for the odd and the even transformers, including four operation modes, as shown in FIG. 3, that is, four operation states of the present invention.

[0053] (2) Mode I: the MOS transistors of the odd transformers are turned ON, the demagnetization of the even transformers are automatically realized based on flyback conversion, the balancing between the odd and the even groups is realized, and the balancing in the odd groups and between the battery modules is realized based on forward conversion.

[0054] (3) Mode II: the MOS transistors of the odd transformers remain ON, the balancing in the odd groups and between the battery modules is still realized based on forward conversion, and a precondition is provided for demagnetization of the odd transformers.

[0055] (4) Mode III: the MOS transistors of the even transformers are turned ON, the demagnetization of the odd transformers are automatically realized based on flyback conversion, the balancing between the odd and the even groups is realized, and the balancing in the even groups and between the battery modules is realized based on forward conversion.

[0056] (5) Mode IV: the MOS transistors of the even transformers remain ON, and the balancing in the even groups and between the battery modules is still realized based on forward conversion.

[0057] (6) After the continual alternation of the four modes, the balancing in the battery modules and between the odd and the even groups is realized based on forward conversion. Based on flyback conversion, the balancing between the odd and the even groups is achieved on the one hand, thereby achieving global balancing of the whole battery strings; and all the transformers are automatically demagnetized on the other hand, thereby reducing the voltage stress on switches, eliminating the need for additional demagnetizing circuits and reducing circuit size.

[0058] A specific embodiment of the present invention is given below.

[0059] As shown in FIG. 1 to FIG. 5, a modularization method for battery equalizers based on multi-winding transformers involves eight battery cells in two battery modules, a microcontroller, two multi-winding transformers, and eight MOS transistors.

[0060] The multi-winding transformer includes four primary windings and one secondary winding;

[0061] One battery cell is connected to the drain of one MOS transistor, the source of the MOS transistor is connected to one terminal of one primary winding of one transformer, and the other terminal of the winding is connected to the cathode of the battery cell, thus forming a current loop;

[0062] The secondary windings of the multi-winding transformers are connected in parallel;

[0063] The multi-winding transformers are divided into two groups, and the secondary windings of the odd and the even transformers have opposite dotted terminals;

[0064] The microcontroller includes two PWM signal output terminals;

[0065] The PWM signal output ends send a pair of complementary high-frequency PWM signals, namely PWM+ and PWM;

[0066] The PWM+ signal is connected to the gates of the MOS transistors for the primary windings of the odd transformer through a driving circuit to generate the control driving signal for turn-ON and turn-OFF of the MOS transistors in the odd battery group;

[0067] The PWM signal is connected to the gates of the MOS transistors for the primary windings of the even transformer through a driving circuit to generate the control driving signal for turn-ON and turn-OFF of the MOS transistors in the even battery group.

[0068] Taking eight battery cells in two battery modules as an example, it is assumed that the voltages of the battery cells satisfy V.sub.B24>V.sub.B23>V.sub.B22>V.sub.B21>V.sub.B14>V.sub.B13>V.sub.B12>V.sub.B11.

[0069] FIG. 5 shows the relationship between the balancing efficiency and the balancing power according to the present invention. It is shown that, the present invention has higher balancing efficiency within a wide load range, and the highest efficiency can reach 89.4%.

[0070] FIG. 6 shows an balancing experiment diagram of the present invention. The initial voltages of the battery cells are respectively 3.528 V, 3.524 V, 3.429 V, 3.165 V, 3.652 V, 3.616 V, 3.621 V, and 3.483 V, and the maximum initial voltage difference is 0.487 V. After 5800 s, the voltages of all the battery cells are simultaneously converged to about 3.515 V, and the maximum voltage difference is 3 mV. The experimental results show that the balancing circuit of the present invention can achieve simultaneous balancing of any battery cell to any battery cell, and have fast balancing speed and high balancing efficiency.

[0071] Described above are merely preferred embodiments of the present application, and the present application is not limited thereto. Various modifications and variations may be made to the present application for those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent substitution, improvement or the like made within the spirit and principle of the present application shall fall into the protection scope of the present application.

[0072] Although the specific embodiments of the present invention are described above in combination with the accompanying drawings, the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. It should be understood by those skilled in the art that various modifications or variations could be made by those skilled in the art based on the technical solution of the present invention without any creative effort, and these modifications or variations shall still fall into the protection scope of the present invention.