Fluid pump with a rotor

Abstract

The invention relates to a fluid pump, in particular to a liquid pump having a rotor with at last one rotor blade for conveying the fluid, the rotor being variable with respect to its diameter between a first, compressed state and a second expanded state. In order to produce a simple compressibility and expandability of the rotor of the pump, it is provided according to the invention that at least one rotor blade is deformable between a first state which it assumes in the compressed state of the rotor and a second state which it assumes in the expanded state of the rotor by means of a fluid counterpressure during a rotation of the rotor during pump operation.

Claims

1. A percutaneous pump, comprising: an expandable and compressible housing having a first inner diameter when compressed and a second inner diameter when expanded; a rotor disposed within the housing, the rotor having a compressed state, a first expanded state, and a second expanded state; the rotor comprising: a hub; and a helical rotor blade coupled to the hub and configured to convey fluid, wherein the helical rotor blade spans at least 180 degrees about the hub; wherein the helical rotor blade is configured to increase in diameter between the compressed state and the first expanded state to a first expanded diameter in the first expanded state, and to further increase between the first expanded diameter in the first expanded state to a second expanded diameter in the second expanded state, said increase to the second expanded diameter due at least in part to fluid counterpressure on the helical rotor blade; wherein the helical rotor blade is configured to increase in diameter from the compressed state to the first expanded state due at least in part to expansion of the housing from the first inner diameter to the second inner diameter; and wherein the rotor is configured to expand from the compressed state to the first expanded state and to the second expanded state within the expanded housing, and wherein a first difference between the second inner diameter of the housing and the first expanded diameter of the helical rotor blade is greater than a second difference between the second inner diameter of the housing and the second expanded diameter of the helical rotor blade.

2. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the helical rotor blade comprises a leading side of the blade and a trailing side of the blade, wherein the fluid counterpressure acts against the leading side of the blade.

3. The percutaneous pump of claim 2, wherein the helical rotor blade comprises a winglet at a distal tip of the blade.

4. The percutaneous pump of claim 3, wherein the winglet is configured to abut an inner wall of the housing when the helical rotor blade is in the second expanded state.

5. The percutaneous pump of claim 4, wherein the winglet is configured to glide against the inner wall of the housing during operation of the rotor.

6. The percutaneous pump of claim 4, wherein the winglet is pivotable with regard to the blade.

7. The percutaneous pump of claim 6, wherein the winglet is configured to be pivoted into an operating position by fluid pressure during rotation of the rotor.

8. The percutaneous pump of claim 7, wherein the winglet is provided on the leading side of the blade.

9. The percutaneous pump of claim 7, wherein the winglet is provided on the trailing side of the blade.

10. The percutaneous pump of claim 7, wherein the winglet protrudes from both the leading side and the trailing side of the blade.

11. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the housing is rounded at distal end.

12. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the percutaneous pump is located at a distal end of a drive shaft, and the percutaneous pump is driven by an external motor connected to a proximal end of the drive shaft.

13. The percutaneous pump of claim 12, wherein the drive shaft is flexible and is configured to extend over an aortic arch.

14. The percutaneous pump of claim 12, wherein the housing comprises a shape memory material.

15. The percutaneous pump of claim 12, wherein the housing is configured to be radially expanded by application of a force in a proximal direction along a longitudinal axis of the housing.

16. The percutaneous pump of claim 15, wherein the force in the proximal direction is applied to the drive shaft relative to the housing to expand the housing to the second inner diameter.

17. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the housing further comprises slots configured to allow a fluid to flow into an interior of the housing.

18. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein a diameter of the rotor in the compressed state is less than the first inner diameter of the housing when compressed.

19. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the rotor includes multiple helical rotor blades.

20. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the helical rotor blade is pivotable about a line on the surface of the hub.

21. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the housing surrounds the helical rotor blade in the compressed state and in the first expanded state.

22. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein the housing is not longitudinally movable with respect to the helical rotor blade.

23. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, further comprising a sheath surrounding the housing and movable with respect to the housing.

24. The percutaneous pump of claim 1, wherein a distance from the distal end of the housing to a distal end of the helical rotor blade is the same when the housing is compressed as when the housing is expanded.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is illustrated subsequently in a drawing with reference to an embodiment and is explained subsequently.

(2) There are thereby shown:

(3) FIG. 1 schematically, the application of a fluid pump in a heart for conveying blood,

(4) FIG. 2 schematically, a pump head in longitudinal section with radial inflow,

(5) FIG. 2a schematically, a pump head in longitudinal section with axial inflow,

(6) FIG. 3 schematically, a rotor with two rotor blades in a plan view,

(7) FIG. 4 a rotor in a lateral view,

(8) FIG. 5 a section through a part of a rotor blade,

(9) FIG. 6 a section through a part of a rotor blade in a different embodiment,

(10) FIG. 7 a section through a part of a rotor blade,

(11) FIG. 8 a sectional enlargement of the detail described in FIG. 7 with VIII,

(12) FIG. 9 a section through a rotor blade in a further embodiment,

(13) FIG. 10 an embodiment of a rotor with a helical rotor blade which is supported by shaped elements,

(14) FIG. 11 a rotor, the helical blade of which is supported by a spiral winding,

(15) FIG. 12 a rotor, the helical rotor blade of which is supported by a connecting member guide,

(16) FIG. 13 a perspective view of a blade with a winglet,

(17) FIG. 14 a sectional view of the device of FIG. 13,

(18) FIG. 15 a sectional view of an alternative design of a blade/winglet.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(19) FIG. 1 shows schematically in cross-section a heart 1, in which the head 3 of a fluid pump protrudes into a ventricle 2. The pump head 3 is disposed at the end of a cannula 4 and has a pump housing 5 which is rounded at the front.

(20) The drive of the pump is effected via a drive shaft 6 which extends longitudinally through the cannula 4 and is connected externally to a motor 7.

(21) The motor 7 can be actuated in both directions 8, 9, conveyance of fluid actually taking place merely in one direction of rotation.

(22) The pump head 3 with the pump housing 5 is shown schematically in FIG. 2 in longitudinal section and also the drive shaft 6. The latter is mounted rotatably at the front end of the pump head 3 in a bearing block 10 by means of a bearing 11.

(23) FIG. 2 shows the pump head in an expanded form, i.e. with enlarged radius relative to the representation of FIG. 1.

(24) For introduction of the pump head 3 through a blood vessel 12 into the heart, the pump head 3 is compressed radially by making the shaft slack or by axial pressure on the shaft, i.e. is brought into the state of its lowest possible radial elongation.

(25) If the pump head has arrived at the desired location, then the pump housing can be drawn together axially by applying a tension in the direction of the arrow 13 and consequently can be expanded radially, as indicated by the arrows 14, 15.

(26) Compression and expansion of the housing by deformation of the housing is also conceivable, by means of using shape memory materials. The resilient behaviour of shape memory materials at specific temperatures is hereby exploited. Through the slots 16, 17 which extend in the axial direction of the shaft 6, fluid, i.e. in the present case blood, can pass through the pump housing 5 towards the rotor 18 of the pump and can be conveyed further through the latter, for example axially through the cannula 4. In FIG. 2, the inflow of the rotor has a radial configuration. In FIG. 2a, an embodiment with axial inflow and outflow is represented schematically.

(27) The rotor has a rotor blade carrier 19 and also rotor blades 20, 21, the rotor blades 20, 21 being folded out during pump operation, i.e. in the expanded state of the rotor.

(28) The radius of the rotor during operation is coordinated to the internal diameter of the pump housing in the expanded state thereof.

(29) If the pump head is intended to be removed from the heart 1, then the pump operation is ceased and the rotor blades 20, 21 abut against the rotor blade carrier 19 in order to reduce the radius of the rotor 18. This is advantageously assisted by rotation of the rotor 18 in the direction of rotation opposite to the pump operation.

(30) If the shaft 16 is then displaced towards the pump head 3 in the manner of a Bowden cable, then the pump head again assumes its compressed form and can be removed through the blood vessel 12.

(31) FIG. 3 shows in detail a plan view on the rotor 18 with the rotor blade carrier 19 and the rotor blades 20, 21, these being represented in a continuous shape in their first state, i.e. the compressed state of the rotor. The rotor blades can also abut even more closely against the rotor blade carrier 19 in the first state.

(32) It is important that, when the pump operation and rotation of the rotor 18 starts, in the direction of rotation 22 required for the conveyance operation, a fluid counterpressure is produced in the direction of the arrow 23 towards the rotor blades and these are bent by widening the radius of the rotor 18. If the pump is designed as a radial pump, then the fluid is displaced and hence conveyed radially outwards in the direction of the arrow 24.

(33) If the rotor blades 20, 21 are profiled In the axial direction, then the fluid can be conveyed also in the axial direction, as indicated in FIG. 4 by the arrows 25, 26.

(34) If the rotor is operated in a direction of rotation opposite to the direction of rotation 22 required for the conveyance, then a fluid counterpressure is produced on the rotor blades 20, 21, said counterpressure being opposite to the direction 23 and leading to the rotor blades folding up against the rotor blade carrier 19 and to a corresponding reduction in the rotor diameter. In this state, the rotor can be removed with a correspondingly compressed pump housing 5 out of the heart through the bloodstream.

(35) By choice of the direction of rotation and the speed of rotation, the diameter of the rotor can hence be specifically changed, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the conveyance power of the pump can be adjusted as desired.

(36) FIG. 5 shows, by way of example, a rotor blade 21 with one side 27 which is leading during the pump operation and also a trailing side 28, the rotor blade having, along an interface 29, different properties on both sides thereof. During operation, a fluid counterpressure acts on the rotor blade in the direction of the arrow 23 and deforms the latter in the second state in which the rotor is expanded. For this purpose, the leading side 27 must be able to be elongated to a specific degree and the corresponding first material layer 30 has membrane properties for this reason. This first material layer can involve for example rubber or an elastic plastic material which is elastically deformable up to a permanent elongation limit and resists further elongation thereafter as far as possible.

(37) On the trailing side 21, the second material layer 31 comprises a compression-resistant material which is configured for example to be so hard that it is deformed only minimally when forces are acting during operation so that bending of the rotor blade is produced exclusively via the elongation of the first material layer 30.

(38) However, a certain compressibility of the second material layer 31 can be provided.

(39) FIG. 6 shows a further example for configuration of a rotor blade in which notches 32 are provided in the second material layer 31, which allow compression and bending of the trailing side until the notches 32 are closed and the various webs formed between the notches 32 abut against each other in a form fit. In this state, further bending of the rotor blade would be stopped.

(40) The material of the first material layer 31 in this case can likewise be a hard plastic material from which parts are cut out or recessed in a casting or embossing process.

(41) In this case also, the material of the first material layer 30 comprises a material which can be elongated to a limited extent.

(42) In FIG. 7, a rotor blade is represented in cross-section, the detail VIII in FIG. 8 being shown in more detail. The detail VIII thereby shows the compression-resistant second material layer 31a which, for its part, has a multilayer construction in the manner of a sandwich structure, the latter comprising tension- and/or compression-resistant external layers 33, 34, 35, 36 and also a volume layer 37. The external layers 35, 36 can be reinforced for example with a woven material.

(43) A very compression-resistant layer is hence formed on the trailing side so that the deformability of the rotor blade is determined essentially by the ability of the leading side 27 to elongate.

(44) In FIG. 9, a variant is represented in which a stop element 38 is mounted in the first layer 30, for example by means of a countersunk screw 39, the stop element 38 protruding into an opening 40 of the second layer 31.

(45) If the rotor blade 21 is deformed, then the opening 40 in the second material layer 31 will tend to be reduced and displaced until the edges of the opening 40 abut against the stop element 38. The stop element comprises a hard material just like the second material layer 31 so that, after abutment, no further compression is possible on the trailing side and the paddle blade is reinforced against further deformation.

(46) FIG. 10 shows a helical rotor blade in which a series of shaped elements 41, 42 on the trailing side of the blade are connected to each other, for example glued, or applied with a different joining method. In the compressed state of the rotor, a spacing exists between the shaped elements respectively. During operation of the pump and after deploying the blade, the shaped elements abut against each other and are reinforced as a continuous web which supports the flat parts of the blade acting as membrane and prevents further deformation. A plurality of such rows of shaped elements can be disposed along the drive shaft 6 axially and offset azimuthally.

(47) A similar construction is shown in FIG. 11 where the web, for strengthening the rotor blade, is formed by a winding comprising coils, for example comprising a plastic material, a spring wire or a hose. The individual coils respectively form one shaped element and are connected individually to the membrane-like surface of the rotor blade by gluing. During compression of the rotor, the gussets between the windings and open close these during deployment of the blade. In order to stabilize the winding, a continuous core is provided within the latter, said core being able to be flexible.

(48) FIG. 12 shows the support of the rotor blade by a solid rail/connecting member 45 in which a stop element is moveable in a limited fashion. The stop element is connected to the rotor blade.

(49) The rail/connecting member 45 can be configured, relative to the forces and moments which act as expected, as bend-resistant and compression-resistant component. As a result of the bending, small additional restoring forces are produced in this embodiment. Because of the low material thickness, regarded in absolute terms, few restoring forces are produced.

(50) In FIG. 12, the stop element is located in the lower position. Bending up to the bent situation would require high acting forces for this position due to the small length between connecting member take-up on the shaft 6 and position of the guide pin in the rail/connecting member 45.

(51) The mentioned and described constructions of rotor blades are examples of how, by means of different configuration of the various sides of the rotor blades, a limited deformability during operation can be achieved by the fluid counterpressure.

(52) During rotation of the rotor in a direction opposite to the operating direction, the deformation of the rotor blades is reversed and these abut against the rotor, assume a first state and hence define the compressed state of the rotor in which the latter can move easily through a narrow opening, for example a blood vessel or a tubular artificial access (valve).

(53) Hence the invention allows, in a constructionally particularly simple manner, production of a rotor which can be varied in its diameter for various applications, but particularly advantageously for the medical field.