Mixtures of sabadilla alkaloids and pyrethroids and uses thereof

Abstract

The present invention is directed to pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and a pyrethroid and methods of controlling pests including insects and mites by application of pesticidal mixtures comprising sabadilla alkaloids and a pyrethroid.

Claims

1. A method of controlling a mosquito consisting of applying a pesticidal mixture comprising an active ingredient consisting of an effective amount of sabadilla alkaloids and a synthetic pyrethroid as the only active ingredients to the mosquito or the mosquito's environment, wherein the ratio of sabadilla alkaloids to the synthetic pyrethroid is from about 10:1 to about 100:1.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the mosquito or the mosquito's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 1,000 grams per hectare.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein the sabadilla alkaloids are applied to the mosquito or the mosquito's environment at a rate from about 22 to about 560 grams per hectare.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrethroid is applied to the mosquito or the mosquito's environment at a rate from about 1 to about 500 grams per hectare.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrethroid is applied to the mosquito or the mosquito's environment at a rate from about 15 to about 112 grams per hectare.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the pyrethroid is applied to the mosquito or the mosquito's environment at a rate from about 112 to about 336 grams per hectare.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein the mosquito is Aedes aegypti.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein the mosquito is Culex quinquefasciatus.

Description

EXAMPLES

(1) Asana was used as the source of esfenvalerate. Asana is a registered trademark of Sumitomo Chemical Company and available through Valent U.S.A. Corporation.

(2) Pounce 3.2EC was used as the source of permethrin. Pounce is a registered trademark of and available through FMC Corporation

Example 1

Control of German Cockroach with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Permethrin

(3) In this study, the response of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) to application of a 5:1, 50:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.01% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.01% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

(4) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

(5) % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100), where % C.sub.exp is the expected efficacy and in which A and B are the control levels given by the single [insecticides]. If the ratio between the experimentally observed efficacy of the mixture C.sub.obs and the expected efficacy of the mixture is greater than 1, synergistic interactions are present in the mixture. (Gisi, Synergisitic Interaction of Fungicides in Mixtures, The American Phytopathological Society, 86:11, 1273-1279, 1996). Adopting a conservative approach, Applicant determined synergy to be present at ratios of 1.1.

Example 2

Control of House Fly with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Permethrin

(6) In this study, the response of the house fly (Musca domestica) to application of a 10:1, 100:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

(7) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 3

Control of Common Bedbug with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Permethrin

(8) In this study, the response of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) to application of a 10:1, 100:1, 1:10 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.5% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.5% w/w.

(9) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 4

Control of Green Peach Aphid with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Permethrin

(10) In this study, the response of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to application of a ratio of 1:5, 5:1, 1:15, 1.7:1 sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22 g/HA and 112 g/HA; 2) 560 g/HA and 112 g/HA; 3) 22 g/HA and 336 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA and 336 g/HA.

(11) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 5

Control of German Cockroach with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Esfenvalerate

(12) In this study, the response of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) to application of a 10:1, 100:1 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.05% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.05% w/w.

(13) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 6

Control of House Fly with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Esfenvalerate

(14) In this study, the response of the house fly (Musca domestica) to application of a 10:1, 100:1 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.05% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.05% w/w.

(15) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 7

Control of Common Bed Bug with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Esfenvalerate

(16) In this study, the response of the common bed bug (Cimex lectularius) to application of a 10:1, 100:1 and 1:1 ratio of sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 0.05% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 2) 0.5% w/w to 0.005% w/w, 3) 0.05% w/w to 0.05% w/w and 4) 0.5% w/w to 0.05% w/w.

(17) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).

Example 8

Control of Green Peach Aphid with Sabadilla Alkaloids and Esfenvalerate

(18) In this study, the response of the green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) to application of a 1.3:1, 33:1, 1:2.5 and 10:1 sabadilla (S. officinale) alkaloids to permethrin will be observed. Specifically, sabadilla alkaloids and permethrin will be applied to the pest at the respective rates of: 1) 22 g/HA and 17 g/HA; 2) 560 g/HA and 17 g/HA; 3) 22 g/HA and 56 g/HA; and 4) 560 g/HA and 56 g/HA.

(19) The results of the study are predicted to show more than an additive effect. One can determine that the response is synergistic using the following formula: % C.sub.exp=A+B(AB/100).