Article having braided fiber and rod end connection

Abstract

An article includes having a braided fiber having a first end and a second end, and a rod having a first end and a second end, whereby the first end of the rod is threaded and wherein the second end of the rod is disposed inside the first end of the braided fiber.

Claims

1. An article comprising: a braided fiber having a first end and a second end; and a rod having a first end and a second end, wherein the first end of the rod is disposed inside the first end of the braided fiber, and wherein the braided fiber is configured to frictionally engage with the rod when tension is applied thereby reducing a diameter of the braided fiber surrounding the rod and increasing a holding force on the rod to inhibit the braided fiber from detaching from the rod.

2. The article of claim 1, wherein the second end of the rod is threaded.

3. The article of claim 1, wherein the rod is fabricated of metallic materials, non-metallic materials, or mixtures thereof.

4. The article of claim 3, wherein the rod is composed of stainless steel.

5. The article of claim 1, wherein the first end of the rod is fastened inside the first end of the braided fiber with adhesive.

6. The article of claim 5, wherein the adhesive is a cyanoacrylate-based adhesive.

7. The article of claim 6, wherein the adhesive is ethyl cyanoacrylate.

8. The article of claim 1, wherein the braided fiber is selected from the group consisting of aramid, poly(p-phenylene-2,6-benzobisoxazole), stainless steel, titanium, carbon fiber, carbon nanotubes, polypropylene, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene, low molecular weight polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, liquid-crystal polymer, or mixtures thereof.

9. The article of claim 8, wherein the braided fiber is ultra high molecular weight polyethylene.

10. The article of claim 1, wherein an eye splice is formed on the second end of the braided fiber by feeding the braided fiber back through itself.

11. The article of claim 10, wherein the inner and outer fibers of the eye splice are further fastened to each other by means of an adhesive.

12. The article of claim 11, wherein the adhesive is ethyl cyanoacrylate.

13. The article of claim 1, wherein the braided fiber is a hollow braid comprising 8 to 24 strands.

14. The article of claim 13, wherein the braided fiber is a hollow 16-strand braid.

15. The article of claim 13, wherein the braided fiber is a hollow 12-strand braid.

16. The article of claim 1, wherein the distance along the fiber between repetitions of the braid is less than 15 times the diameter of the braid.

17. The article of claim 16, wherein the distance along the fiber between repetitions of the braid is less than 8 times the diameter of the braid.

18. The article of claim 1, wherein the first end of the rod is fastened to the inside of the first end of the braided fiber by a frictional force created when the second end of the rod is pulled in a direction opposite the second end of the braided fiber.

19. The article of claim 1, wherein the spoke is covered with a coating.

20. The article of claim 1, wherein the spoke is covered with a coating selected from the group consisting of polyurethane, polyolefin, and silicone-based rubber.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention may be more completely understood in consideration of the following detailed description of various embodiments of the invention in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a side view of a flexible spoke with appropriate termination embodiments, in accordance with the present invention.

(3) FIG. 2 shows an isometric view of a wheel hub with several spokes connected in a choker knot in accordance with the present invention.

(4) FIG. 3 shows a cross sectional view of the rim side of the spoke revealing the threaded rod connection in accordance with the present invention.

(5) FIG. 4A shows a side view of a wheel hub with a spoke connected by a tether threaded through the eyelet in accordance with the present invention.

(6) FIG. 4B shows a front view of a wheel hub with a spoke connected by a tether threaded through the eyelet in accordance with the present invention.

(7) FIG. 5A shows an isometric view of a tangential lacing pattern for a hub comprised of connecting two spoke eyelets together in accordance with the present invention.

(8) FIG. 5B shows a side view of a tangential lacing pattern for a hub comprised of connecting two spoke eyelets together in accordance with the present invention.

(9) FIG. 6 shows a side view of a full wheel assembled with the spokes in accordance with the present invention.

(10) FIG. 7 shows a side view of an embodiment of the spoke with formed wrench-flats to aid in assembly in accordance with the present invention.

(11) FIG. 8 shows a cross-sectional view of an eye splice of a spoke in accordance with one embodiment of the present invention.

(12) While the invention is amenable to various modifications and alternative forms, specifics thereof have been shown by way of example in the drawings and will be described in detail. It should be understood, however, that the intention is not to limit the invention to the particular embodiments described. On the contrary, the intention is to cover all modifications, equivalents, and alternatives falling within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF ILLUSTRATIVE EMBODIMENTS

(13) Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present invention. However, it will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, circuits, and networks have not been described in detail so as not to unnecessarily obscure aspects of the embodiments.

(14) It will also be understood that, although the terms first, second, etc. may be used herein to describe various elements, these elements should not be limited by these terms. These terms are only used to distinguish one element from another. For example, a first gesture could be termed a second gesture, and, similarly, a second gesture could be termed a first gesture, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

(15) The terminology used in the description of the invention herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention. As used in the description of the invention and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an and the are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. It will also be understood that the term and/or as used herein refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items. It will be further understood that the terms comprises and/or comprising, when used in this specification, specify the presence of stated features, integers, steps, operations, elements, and/or components, but do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other features, integers, steps, operations, elements, components, and/or groups thereof.

(16) As used herein, the term if may be construed to mean when or upon or in response to determining or in response to detecting, depending on the context. Similarly, the phrase if it is determined or if [a stated condition or event] is detected may be construed to mean upon determining or in response to determining or upon detecting [the stated condition or event] or in response to [the stated condition or event], depending on the context.

(17) FIG. 1 shows one embodiment of the spoke of the present invention. The spoke in FIG. 1 consists of a 12-strand, braided, ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) fiber braid 105 that is attached to a threaded stainless steel rod 101 on one end and spliced to form an eye splice 107 at the other end. One end of the stainless steel rod 101 is threaded and the other end is rounded, but the rounded end is not visible in this drawing because the rounded end 1s inside the UHMWPE fibers. The stainless steel rod ends at point 104, which is made obvious in the drawing as the overall diameter of the spoke decreases at this point. The stainless steel rod and the UHMWPE braided fibers are connected by means of ethyl cyanoacrylate glue (e.g., Loctite 401) at the interface between the stainless steel rod and the UHMWPE braided fibers, which is denoted with 103. Additionally, when pulled tight, the braided fibers act like a Chinese finger trap to hold themselves to the stainless steel rod. Thus, the glue does not need to hold all of the force. On the other end of the braided fiber, an eye 107 is formed by feeding the end back through itself. This is possible because the inside of the braided fibers is hollow. The re-inserted braided fiber inside the braided fiber is apparent in the drawing at 106 because of the increased diameter. To prevent the loop 107 from inadvertently disassembling, the glue is inserted in the space between the fibers of the inner and outer braided fibers 106.

(18) The braided fiber 105 does not need to be UHMWPE. It could instead be a different braided fiber with high tensile strength such as aramid, polybenzoxazole, stainless steel, titanium, carbon fiber, polypropylene, low molecular weight polyethylene, cross-linked polyethylene, or the like. The advantage of using a high strength-to-weight material such as UHMWPE is that the spokes are lighter than traditional steel spokes. Also, the braid could be 8-strand, 16-strand, 3-strand, or some other number of strands. Instead of stainless steel, the rod could be made out of regular carbon steel, titanium, a carbon fiber composite, or some other material. The eye splice 107 could also be of different dimensions.

(19) The overall length of the spokes of the present invention could be from 10 cm to over 100 cm, dependent on the diameter of the wheel that is being built. For a standard bicycle wheel, the spokes of the present invention would be approximately 20 to 35 cm in length.

(20) A coating is not necessary to protect the spokes from abrasion to foreign objects or degradation due to sunlight and chemicals. However another embodiment of our spokes includes a coating to protect the fibers, bonding agent, and the threaded rod from degrading, or being otherwise altered from any source. The coating could be polyurethane, polyolefin (ie., polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.), or silicon-based rubber. The coating could be applied before or after the assembly of the spoke. The coating could be any polymer material, a material including metal fibers, or any other material. A preferred coating penetrates the fibers and provides a protective layer on the outside of all of the fibers. The thickness of the coating could range from a single molecule layer to 2 mm thick. Another option to protect the fibers is a heat-shrinkable tubing placed over the entire length or some part of the length of the spoke post-construction.

(21) FIG. 2 shows the way in which one version of our spoke attaches to a bicycle hub flange 110. Only the eye splice ends of the spokes are shown in FIG. 2. In this drawing, the spokes are radially laced, which means they extend out radially from the center of rotation of the bicycle hub. The eye splice 107 passes through a hole 111 in the hub flange 110 and the spoke passes through the eye splice to form a choker hitch. This is done by first threading the eye splice 107 through a hole in the hub 111 and then putting the other end of the spoke through the loop in the eye splice and pulling tight. This connection would work well for a wheel that does not have to transmit tangential forces, such as a front bicycle wheel.

(22) The spokes may instead be connected to a different type of hub such as a wheelchair hub, a motorcycle hub, or the hub of any other type of automobile or human powered vehicle. In FIG. 2, there are 22 spokes that are shown connected to the hub. There could be any number of these spokes connected to a hub with any number of spoke holes. In addition, the spokes need not be radially laced with the choker hitch knot. The spokes could instead leave the hub flange 110 at a tangent to the hub flange, or at any other angle.

(23) FIG. 3 shows a close up view of one version of the threaded rod end of our spoke. The stainless steel rod 101 is connected to the UHMWPE braided fiber 105 by means of ethyl cyanoacrylate glue 113 at the interface between the stainless steel rod and the UHMWPE braided fiber 105. A different type of high-shear-strength and low viscosity glue could be used instead of ethyl cyanoacrylate. The cut away in the figure shows the rounded end of the stainless steel rod 114. The threads 112 on the stainless steel rod are 56 threads per inch, have an outside diameter of about 2.2 mm, and are such that they can screw into a standard nipple that holds a rim in tension. However, the thread pitch and rod diameter could be different so that it screws into a different size nipple or nut. The length of the threads are 1.0 cm in this version of the spoke, but could be as short as 0.5 cm and as long as 5 cm. The diameter of the UHMWPE braided fiber 105 is 1.4 mm, but it could be as small as 0.5 mm and still be strong enough to be used as part of the spoke of the present invention. The diameter of the UHMWPE braided fiber could also be larger which would make the spoke stronger, but less aerodynamic when the wheel is spinning. The end of the stainless steel rod could be sharpened or tapered to reduce the stress concentration at this point that forms when the braided fiber is pulled taught. Or, the stainless steel rod could be flat on the end.

(24) The maximum diameter of the embodiment of the spoke depicted in FIG. 3 is 2.9 mm, which occurs at location 103. With a smaller diameter stainless steel rod (e.g., 1.5 mm) this maximum diameter could be reduced to 2.4 mm. Or, with an even smaller diameter stainless steel rod, the maximum diameter could be reduced even further. A maximum diameter of less than 2.4 mm would allow the threaded end connection to pass through a standard bicycle hub during spoke installation. Alternatively, the maximum diameter of the spoke could be increased to 5 mm or larger using a rod 101 with a larger diameter or a braided fiber 105 with a larger diameter. Such a spoke could withstand higher loads.

(25) FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B show another way in which the spoke 119 of the present invention can connect to a bicycle hub flange 110. The eye splice 107 on the end of the spoke is fed through a hole in the flange 111 and a piece of braided fiber 120 is then fed through the hole in the eye splice. Now, when the spoke is pulled, the eye splice cannot be pulled back through the hole in the hub flange as long as the holes 111 are not too big and there is not much clearance when inserting the eye splice through the hole. The drawing only shows the eye splice end of the spoke, and does not show a complete spoke (which is depicted in FIG. 1). The spoke depicted in FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B extends radially from the hub flange, but it could also extend tangentially from the hub flange, or at some other angle. Furthermore, instead of a braided fiber 120, a piece of solid metal or plastic could be inserted through the eye splice to prevent it from pulling back through the hole in the hub. As depicted in FIG. 4B, the eye splice is inserted from outside of the hub flange towards the inside of the hub flange, but the spoke could also be inserted in the opposite way from the inside out.

(26) FIG. 5A and FIG. 5B show another way in which the spokes 119 of the present invention can be connected to a bicycle hub flange 110. In this design, the eyes 107 of two spokes next to each other are first inserted through the holes 111 in the hub flange 110 from opposite directions. Then, the ends of the spokes are inserted through the eye splices of the nearby spokes to prevent both spokes from pulling back out of the hub. This design would work for a tangentially laced wheel such as a bicycle wheel that is tangentially laced. The angles at which the spokes leave the hub flange could be any angle and need not be perfectly tangent to the imaginary line extending from the center of the hub flange to the spoke hole 111.

(27) The spokes can be used to build a bicycle wheel as shown in FIG. 6 by connecting the eye splice 107 of each spoke 119 to a bicycle hub 121 and by screwing the threaded end 101 into a nipple at the bicycle rim 116. The spokes can then be tensioned to create a strong bicycle wheel in a similar fashion to traditional steel bicycle spokes. A tire 115 is generally present on a wheel to provide grip to the road surface. Another embodiment of the spoke of the present invention is shown in FIG. 7. The stainless steel rod 101 contains a flat section 102. The flat section 102 could be used to assist in preventing the spoke from twisting when installing into a wheel.

(28) FIG. 8 shows a cross-section of an eye splice of one version of the spoke of the present invention. The cross section depicted in FIG. 8 is that of location 106. The strands of the outer braided fiber 117 encircle the strands of the inner braided fiber 118. Glue 113 fills the voids between the fiber strands. The glue provides a bond between the inner and outer strands of the inner and outer braided fibers such that they will not slide past each other when the spoke is in tension by applying opposing forces to the threaded rod and the eye. A low viscosity glue such as ethyl cyanoacrylate penetrates the fibers of both the inner and outer braided fibers and provides a physical interlock between the braided fibers. A phenomenon (sometimes known as the Chinese finger trap effect) occurs when tension is applied to the spoke causing reduction of the diameter of the outer braided fiber 117 and increase holding force on the inner braided fiber 118. The Chinese finger trap action that occurs provides friction such that the glue is not necessary. However, the glue allows for a shorter section of buried braided fiber in location 106 for a given strength than would be possible without the glue. Furthermore, the glue prevents the inner braided fiber from pulling out of the outer braided fiber when the braided fiber is not under tension and the Chinese finger trap force is not in action.

(29) The foregoing description, for purpose of explanation, has been described with reference to specific embodiments. However, the illustrative discussions above are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed. Many modifications and variations are possible in view of the above teachings. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and its practical applications, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention and various embodiments with various modifications as are suited to the particular use contemplated.