Hand-held and hand-guided power tool having a working element releasably attached thereto, and for such a power tool

Abstract

A hand-held machine tool (1) for sanding or polishing a workpiece features a housing (2); a motor (4) for rotating a tool shaft (5) of the machine tool about its axis of rotation (6); and a backing pad (3) for releasable attachment of a sanding or polishing element thereto and eccentrically attachable to the tool shaft by an eccentric element (11) to allow the backing pad to perform a working movement. The machine tool implements different working movements of the backing pad attached thereto. The housing includes first magnetic elements (16) facing the backing pad. The backing pad attached to the eccentric element includes second magnetic elements (17) facing the housing. The machine tool implements a first working movement if a magnetic force is active between some first and second magnetic elements and a second working movement if no magnetic force is active between the first and second magnetic elements.

Claims

1. Hand-held machine tool (1) for sanding or polishing a workpiece, the hand-held machine tool (1) comprising: a housing (2), a motor (4) for actuating a tool shaft (5) of the hand-held machine tool (1) and for making the tool shaft (5) rotate about its axis of rotation (6), and a backing pad (3) for releasable attachment of a sanding element or a polishing element thereto and eccentrically attachable to the tool shaft (5) by means of an eccentric element (11) in such a way as to allow the backing pad (3) to perform a working movement, wherein the hand-held machine tool (1) is adapted for realizing two different types of working movements of the backing pad (3) attached thereto, wherein the housing (2) of the hand-held machine tool (1) comprises a plurality of first magnetic elements (16) facing the backing pad (3), and that the backing pad (3) attached to the eccentric element (11) comprises a plurality of second magnetic elements (17) facing the housing (2), and wherein the hand-held machine tool (1) is adapted for realizing a first type of working movement if a magnetic force is active between at least some of the plurality of the first and second magnetic elements (16, 17) and a second type of working movement if no magnetic force is active between the plurality of the first and second magnetic elements (16, 17).

2. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the hand-held machine tool (1) is adapted for realizing the first type of working movement if the backing pad (3) with the plurality of second magnetic elements (17) facing the housing (2) is attached to the eccentric element (11) and the second type of working movement if another backing pad (3) without the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) is attached to the eccentric element (11).

3. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of the first magnetic elements (16) is embodied as permanent magnets.

4. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the first magnetic elements (16) is embodied as solenoids, and wherein the hand-held machine tool (1) is adapted for realizing the first type of working movement if the solenoids (16) are activated and generate a magnetic force acting on at least some of the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) of the backing pad (3) attached to the eccentric element (11) and a second type of working movement if the solenoids (16) are deactivated and generate no magnetic force.

5. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) is embodied as permanent magnets or pieces of ferromagnetic material.

6. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the backing pad (3) attached to the eccentric element (11) is able to freely rotate about its longitudinal centre axis (9) in respect to the eccentric element (11), and wherein the longitudinal axis (9) of the backing pad (3) is spaced apart from and runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (6) of the tool shaft (5).

7. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 6, wherein the backing pad (3) is attached to a rotary element (8) in a torque proof manner in respect to the longitudinal axis (9), and wherein the rotary element (8) is attached to the eccentric element (11) freely rotatable about the longitudinal axis (9).

8. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 7, wherein the torque proof attachment of the backing pad (3) to the rotary element (8) is realized by positive locking in a plane extending essentially perpendicular in respect to the longitudinal axis (9), and wherein the backing pad (3) is releasably fixed to the rotary element (8) in the direction of the longitudinal axis (9) by means of a screw (8a) or by means of magnetic force.

9. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 6, wherein the second working movement is a random orbital movement.

10. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the first working movement is a purely orbital movement, and wherein the backing pad (3) is held in a discrete rotational position in respect to the longitudinal axis (9) by means of magnetic force resulting from interaction between at least some of the plurality of the first and second magnetic elements (16, 17).

11. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of the first magnetic elements (16) of the housing (2) are located around the axis of rotation (6) of the tool shaft (5), the plurality of the first magnetic elements (16) having the same given distance to the axis of rotation (6) and being circumferentially evenly spaced apart from one another.

12. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the second magnetic elements (17) of the backing pad (3) are located around a longitudinal centre axis (9) of the backing pad (3), the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) having the same given distance to the longitudinal axis (9) and being circumferentially evenly spaced apart from one another.

13. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 1, wherein the positions of the plurality of the first magnetic elements (16) and of the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) are such that in respective discrete rotational positions of the backing pad (3) at least some of the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) face corresponding first magnetic elements (16).

14. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 13, wherein sizes of surfaces of the plurality of the first and second magnetic elements (16, 17) are designed such that during a purely orbital movement of the backing pad (3) the surfaces of the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) are each in continuous coverage with corresponding surfaces of the plurality of the first magnetic elements (16).

15. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 14, wherein the surfaces of the plurality of the first and second magnetic elements (16, 17) have a circular form, and a diameter (2R.sub.16; 2R.sub.17) of the surfaces of the plurality of the first or second magnetic elements (16; 17) is at least the size of a diameter (2R.sub.17; 2R.sub.16) of corresponding surfaces of other second or first magnetic elements (17; 16) plus the size of the orbit (2R.sub.25), which the backing pad (3) performs during its purely orbital movement.

16. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 2, wherein the plurality of the second magnetic elements (17) is embodied as permanent magnets or pieces of ferromagnetic material.

17. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 2, wherein the backing pad (3) attached to the eccentric element (11) is able to freely rotate about its longitudinal centre axis (9) in respect to the eccentric element (11), and wherein the longitudinal axis (9) of the backing pad (3) is spaced apart from and runs essentially parallel to the axis of rotation (6) of the tool shaft (5).

18. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 7, wherein the second working movement is a random orbital movement.

19. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 8, wherein the second working movement is a random orbital movement.

20. Hand-held machine tool (1) according to claim 2, wherein the first working movement is a purely orbital movement, and wherein the backing pad (3) is held in a discrete rotational position in respect to the longitudinal axis (9) by means of magnetic force resulting from interaction between at least some of the plurality of the first and second magnetic elements (16, 17).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

(1) The drawing includes the following Figures:

(2) FIG. 1 a vertical cross section of a hand-held machine tool according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention;

(3) FIG. 2 a detail A of the machine tool of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 a horizontal cross section along line B-B of the machine tool of FIG. 1;

(5) FIG. 4 a horizontal cross section along line C-C of the machine tool of FIG. 1 with a first type of backing pad mounted thereto;

(6) FIG. 5 a vertical cross section of a hand-held machine tool according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention;

(7) FIG. 6 a horizontal cross section along line C-C of the machine tool of FIG. 5; and

(8) FIG. 7 a top view on a first magnetic element and a second magnetic element during a first type of working movement.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(9) With reference to the attached FIGS. 1 to 4 a first preferred embodiment of a hand-held and hand-guided machine tool 1 according to the present invention is described. The machine tool 1 comprises a housing 2 preferably made of a rigid plastic material. Of course, at least part of the housing 2 could be made of other materials, for example metal or carbon fibre. Preferably, part of the housing 2, where a user will grip the tool 1, is made of a resilient material, for example rubber or a soft plastic material. Further, the tool 1 comprises a backing pad 3 adapted for performing a working movement in respect to the housing 2. The machine tool 1 is adapted for making a backing pad 3 attached thereto perform at least two different types of working movements, which will be described in more detail below.

(10) Within the housing 2 the tool 1 comprises a motor 4 with a motor shaft 5 adapted for performing a rotational movement about an axis of rotation 6. In this embodiment the motor 4 is an electric motor, preferably a BLDC-motor. Of course, it could also be embodied as a pneumatic motor. Further, means 7 for transforming the rotational movement of the shaft 5 into the desired working movement of the backing pad 3 are provided. In this embodiment the transforming means 7 comprise an eccentric element 11, which is attached to the motor shaft 5 in a torque proof manner. The eccentric element 11 includes a rotary element 8, which is supported by the eccentric element 11 freely rotatable about a longitudinal axis 9. To this end, the eccentric element 11 is provided with bearings 11a for supporting the rotary element 8. The rotary element 8 is located eccentrically to the motor shaft 5, which can be seen by the displacement of the rotational axis 6 and the longitudinal axis 9 running essentially parallel to one another. The backing pad 3 can be easily mounted and fixed to the rotary element 8 by means of a screw 8a, which passes through a through-hole provided in the centre of the backing pad 3 and which is screwed into a threaded bore provided in the rotary element 8. The connection between the backing pad 3 and the rotary element 8 is preferably torque-proof in the oscillation plane of the backing pad 3 running essentially perpendicular to the axes 6, 9. Alternatively, the backing pad 3 could also be held to the rotary element 8 by means of magnetic force. Of course, the transforming means 7 could comprise any other kind of gear mechanism, too.

(11) Further, the tool 1 comprises a switch 10 for activating/deactivating the tool 1 (or its motor 4, respectively) and a knurled wheel 10a for controlling the speed of the motor 4 (or of the working movement of the backing pad 3, respectively). The backing pad 3 preferably comprises a planar base plate 12 made of a rigid material, a planar absorption plate 13 attached to a bottom surface of the base plate 12 and made of a resilient material, and an abrasive or polishing sheet 14 detachably attached to a bottom surface of the absorption plate 13, for example by means of a hook-and-loop fastener. Holes 15 are provided in the absorption plate 13 and in the sheet 14 in order to allow the extraction of dust from the working surface.

(12) The backing pad 3 is supported by the eccentric element 11 such that it is able to rotate about its longitudinal axis 9. In order to enable the machine tool 1 to realize two different types of working movements of the backing pad 3, it is suggested that the housing 2 comprises a plurality of first magnetic elements 16 facing the backing pad 3 and the backing pad 3 comprises a plurality of second magnetic elements 17 facing the housing 2. The two different types of working movements of the backing pad 3 are realized depending on whether a magnetic force is active between at least some of the first and second magnetic elements 16, 17 or not. In particular, an active magnetic force will impair the free rotation of the backing pad 3 about its longitudinal axis 9 and hold the backing pad 3 in a defined rotational position about the longitudinal axis 9. If the magnetic force is strong enough, it will prevent the backing pad 3 from rotating about the longitudinal axis 9. With the magnetic force active, the backing pad 3 will perform a first type of working movement, in particular a purely orbital movement about the axis of rotation 6. With no magnetic force active, free rotation of the backing pad 3 about the longitudinal axis 9 is enabled and the backing pad 3 will perform a second type of working movement, in particular a random orbital movement.

(13) All a user of the machine tool 1 has to do in order to change the type of working movement of the backing pad 3 is to take appropriate measures to activate or deactivate the magnetic force acting between the magnetic elements 16, 17. This can be achieved by many different ways, two of which are described in further detail herein.

(14) A detailed view of the tool 1 of FIG. 1 in the region where the magnetic force acts between the housing 2 and the backing pad 3 (detail A) is shown in FIG. 2. A gap 23 is provided between the housing 2 and the backing pad 3 in order allow a working movement of the backing pad 3 in respect to the housing 2. The lines of magnetic flux of a magnetic field 24, which is built up between the magnetic elements 16, 17, run across this gap 23, preferably perpendicular in respect to the areal extension of the gap 23 and in respect to the oscillation plane of the backing pad 3. The magnetic field 24 is strong enough to generate a magnetic force, which can securely hold the backing pad 3 in a certain rotational position in respect to the housing 2 and which prevents the backing pad 3 from freely rotating about the longitudinal axis 9. Despite the magnetic forces acting between the magnetic elements 16, 17 the backing pad 3 can still perform the first type of working movement, in particular an orbital movement, provoked by the eccentric element 11 rotating about the rotational axis 6.

(15) It can be seen from FIG. 2 that a first magnetic element 16 is attached to the housing 2. It may be connected to the housing 2 directly or indirectly by means of one or more additional elements 18 (for example made of metal or plastic material) which are connected to the housing 2. A hood or cap made of rubber or soft plastic material and bridging the gap 23 along the circumference of the housing 2 could be an example for such an additional element 18. The hood or cap 18 comes very close to the top surface of the backing pad 3 and, therefore, is particularly well suited for attachment of the first magnetic elements 16. The magnetic elements 16 are each inserted into a receiving cavity 19 through an opening 20 from the side. The cavity 19 is located in the additional element 18 but could just as well be located in the housing 2 itself. After having reached its working position, the magnetic element 16 can be fixed within the cavity 19, for example by an adhesive. An opening 21 below the magnetic element 16 is directed towards the backing pad 3 and serves for allowing the magnetic force to better interact with the corresponding second magnetic element 17 of the backing pad 3 and for having access to the first magnetic element 16, for example for removing it from the cavity 19, if necessary.

(16) The second magnetic element 17 can be fixed to any part of the backing pad 3. In this embodiment, it is fixed indirectly to the planar base plate 12 by means of one or more additional elements 12a made of a rigid material. However, it would also be possible to fix the magnetic element 17 directly to or within the rigid base plate 12. The second magnetic element 17 is inserted into a cavity from the top through an opening 22. The cavity is located in the additional element 12a or the base plate 12. After insertion of the magnetic element 17 the opening 22 may be closed. This can be achieved by means of a suitable plug element or by injecting a plastic material into the cavity through the opening 22. Closing of the opening 22 has the advantage that the magnetic element 17 is fixedly secured within the backing pad 3 and that humidity, dust and dirt are prevented from entering into the cavity and contacting the second magnetic element 17. It is preferred that the magnetic elements 17 are inserted into the backing pad 3 during its production, for example by means of injection molding, so no additional manufacturing step is necessary for fixing the magnetic elements 17 to the backing pad 3 and for closing the openings 22.

(17) The second magnetic element 17 may be a permanent magnet or a ferromagnetic element. The ferromagnetic element may be a small and light weight plate made of low carbon steel or a similar material with good ferromagnetic properties. It would be even possible that the rigid base plate 12 is made of metal which at least partly acts as a ferromagnetic element forming the second magnetic element 17. If the second magnetic elements 17 are embodied as permanent magnets they should have an opposite polarity to the first magnetic elements 16.

(18) According to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 4 it is suggested that the machine tool 1 is adapted for realizing the first type of working movement if the backing pad 3 with the plurality of second magnetic elements 17 facing the housing 2 is attached to the eccentric element 11 and for realizing a second type of working movement if another backing pad without second magnetic elements is attached to the eccentric element 11. In this case the appropriate measures to be taken by the user for switching between the different types of working movements simply consist in mounting different types of backing pads 3 to the eccentric element 11, a first type of backing pad 3 provided with the second magnetic elements 17 (see FIG. 4) and a second type of backing pad without such second magnetic elements (not shown). In this embodiment the first magnetic elements 16 provided in the housing 2 are embodied as permanent magnets. Permanent magnets create a static magnetic field and are made of, for example, magnetized low carbon steel, cobalt, nickel, a ferrite or a rare earth element.

(19) FIG. 3 shows a sectional view of the machine tool 1 of FIG. 1 in the plane B-B. It can be seen that the backing pad 3 has a circular shape. The section runs through the additional element 18 (e.g. the hood or cap) associated to the housing 2. It can be seen that there are a total of six first magnetic elements 16 associated to the housing 2. The magnetic elements 16 are located around the axis of rotation 6 each having the same given distance to the axis 6 and being circumferentially evenly spaced apart from one another. Of course, the circumferential distance between neighbouring permanent elements 16 could also vary.

(20) FIG. 4 shows a sectional view of the machine tool 1 of FIG. 1 in the plane C-C. Part of the top surface of the backing pad 3 can be seen. The section runs through a central part of the planar base plate 12 of the backing pad 3. It can be seen that there are a total of three second magnetic elements 17 associated to the backing pad 3. The magnetic elements 17 are located around the longitudinal axis 9 each having the same given distance to the longitudinal axis 9 and being circumferentially evenly spaced apart from one another.

(21) According to an alternative embodiment of the invention shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, the first magnetic elements 16 are embodied as solenoids (electromagnets), which can be electrically activated and deactivated thereby provoking them to create a magnetic field 24 or not. In that case the machine tool 1 is adapted for realizing the first type of working movement if the solenoids 16 are activated and generate a magnetic force acting on at least some of the second magnetic elements 17 of the backing pad 3 attached to the eccentric element 11 and for realizing a second type of working movement if the solenoids 16 are deactivated and generate no or only a very small magnetic force, without impact on the second magnetic elements 17 of the backing pad 3. In this case the appropriate measures to be taken by the user for switching between the different types of working movements simply consist in electrically activating or deactivating the solenoids 16 constituting the first magnetic elements of the housing 2. This can be effected by any type of switching means 10b, for example a mechanical or an electric switch, a rotary switch, a push button, a virtual switch on a touch sensitive display or the like. The switching means 10b can be located at any position of the housing 2 accessible from outside the housing 2. In the embodiment of FIG. 5 the switching means 10b are located at the top side of the housing 2. No switching of a mechanical gear transmission or the like is required for changing the type of working movement.

(22) FIG. 6 shows a sectional view through the machine tool 1 of FIG. 5 along the line C-C. The second magnetic elements 17 embodied as solenoids and located in the hood or cap 18 can be clearly seen. Of course, the solenoids 17 could also be provided inside the housing 2, in particular along the bottom surface of the housing 2. In the electric machine tool 1 powered by the electric motor 4 electricity is available for energising the solenoids 16. However, in pneumatic machine tools powered by a pneumatic motor there is usually no electricity available. In that case, electricity for energising the solenoids 16 could be provided by a rechargeable battery located inside the tool's housing 2. Alternatively, a dynamo or generator could be provided in the tool's housing 2, which is actuated by the rotating parts of the machine tool 1, for example the motor shaft 5, and which generates electricity for energising the solenoids 16. The electricity generated by the dynamo or generator may be directly provided to the solenoids 16 or buffered in a rechargeable battery or capacitor.

(23) The number, the magnetic characteristics, the dimensions and/or the positions of the first and/or second magnetic elements 16, 17 can be freely varied in order to achieve a desired strength of the magnetic force acting between the first and second magnetic elements 16, 17. The magnetic susceptibility and the magnetic permeability are other characteristics of the magnetic elements 16, 17, which can also influence the intensity and strength of the magnetic force. The individual properties of the magnetic elements 16, 17 can be adapted depending on the design of the respective machine tool 1 and the individual operating conditions.

(24) During a purely orbital working movement of the backing pad 3 each of the second magnetic elements 17 of the backing pad 3 performs an orbital movement in respect to the corresponding first magnetic element 16 of the housing 2. This is explained in further detail with reference to FIG. 7, which shows a first magnetic element 16 and the corresponding second magnetic element 17 performing an orbital movement 25 about the centre 26 of the first magnetic element 16 during the orbital working movement of the backing pad 3. During the orbital movement 25 of the second magnetic element 17 its centre 27 rotates on a circle corresponding to the orbital movement 25. The diameter of the orbital movement 25 corresponds to twice the distance (indicated with R.sub.25) between the rotational axis 6 of the motor shaft 5 and the longitudinal axis 9 of the backing pad 3. The first and second magnetic elements 16, 17 have a circular active surface. The first magnetic element 16 has a radius of R.sub.16 and the second magnetic element 17 has a radius of R.sub.17. In this embodiment, the radius R.sub.16 of the first magnetic element 16 is the radius R.sub.17 of the second magnetic element 17 plus the distance R.sub.25 (R.sub.16>=R.sub.17+R.sub.25) or larger. With other words, the diameter of the surface of each of the first magnetic elements 16 is at least the size of a diameter (2R.sub.17) of the surface of the corresponding second magnetic element 17 plus the orbit diameter 2R.sub.25. This assures that during the orbital movement 25 of the backing pad 3 the surfaces of the second magnetic elements 17 are each in continuous coverage with the surfaces of the corresponding first magnetic elements 16. Likewise, this could be achieved if the diameter of the surface of each of the second magnetic elements 17 is at least the size of a diameter (2R.sub.16) of the surface of the corresponding first magnetic element 16 plus the orbit diameter 2R.sub.25.

The Scope of the Invention

(25) It should be understood that, unless stated otherwise herein, any of the features, characteristics, alternatives or modifications described regarding a particular embodiment herein may also be applied, used, or incorporated with any other embodiment described herein. Also, the drawing herein is not drawn to scale.

(26) Although the invention has been described and illustrated with respect to exemplary embodiments thereof, the foregoing and various other additions and omissions may be made therein and thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention.