Abstract
A construction element for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part to a building shell, having a least one insulation member to be disposed between the protruding external part and the building shell and at least one integrally configured reinforcement element from fiber-reinforced plastics material formed as at least one tensile reinforcement element. The reinforcement element horizontally traverses the insulation member and is connectable to the external part and the building shell. The reinforcement element has a central portion which extends through the insulation member and projects therethrough, and at least in this projecting region on the radial external face of the said reinforcement element either is configured substantially smooth-walled, or at least in part has a casing, and in a region outside the insulation member has at least one first anchoring portion which on the radial external face thereof has a first surface profile, and between the central portion and the first anchoring portion has a second anchoring portion which has a second surface profile. These first and second surface profiles differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties thereof.
Claims
1. A construction element (1) for connecting in a low thermally-bridging manner a protruding external part (B) to a building shell (A), the construction element comprising: at least one insulation member (2) that is adapted to be disposed between the protruding external part (B) and the building shell (A); at least one integrally configured reinforcement element (3) formed from fiber-reinforced plastics material that comprises at least one tensile reinforcement element, said reinforcement element (3) traversing the insulation member (2) substantially horizontal and transverse to a horizontal longitudinal extent of said insulation member (2) and being adapted to be connected to the external part (A) and the building shell (B); wherein the reinforcement element (3) has a central portion (4) which extends through the insulation member (2) and projects with a projecting region in relation to the insulation member (2), and at least in said projecting region on a radial external face of said reinforcement element (3) either is configured so as to be substantially smooth-walled, or at least in part has a casing (8), and in a region outside the insulation member (2) includes at least one first anchoring portion (5) which on the radial external face thereof has a first surface profile; and the reinforcement element (3) between the central portion (4) and the first anchoring portion (5) includes a second anchoring portion (6) which has a second surface profile, and the first surface profile and the second surface profile are different from one another in terms of at least one of geometric or material properties thereof.
2. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface profile and the second surface profile are configured in a mutually independent manner as ribs (53, 54, 63, 64) that extend radially or as screw turns about a longitudinal axis of the reinforcement element.
3. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the ribs (53, 54) of the first surface profile and the ribs (63, 64) of the second surface profile differ in terms of at least one of a rib height (h), a rib spacing (b), a rib pitch (T), an inclination angle of rib flanks (a), or a rib shape, such that in an installed state of the construction element (1) between the building shell (A) and the protruding external part (B), in each case a mutually dissimilar bonding strength of the respective first anchoring portion (5) and of the second anchoring portion (6) with a material of the building shell that surrounds the anchoring portions (5, 6) and the protruding external part is effected.
4. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein at least one of the rib height (h) or the rib spacing (b) in the first anchoring portion (5) is greater than in the second anchoring portion (6).
5. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 3, wherein the inclination angle of the rib flanks (a) in the first anchoring portion (5) is smaller than in the second anchoring portion (6).
6. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the central portion (4) and the ribs (53, 54, 63, 64) of at least one of the first anchoring portion (5) or the second anchoring portion (6) have substantially identical diameters.
7. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the first surface profile and the second surface profile are configured in a mutually independent manner as sand covers.
8. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 7, wherein the sand cover of the first surface profile and the sand cover of the second surface profile differ in terms of at least one of a sand composition, grain size, or grain shape, such that in an installed state of the construction element (1) mutually dissimilar bonding strengths of the respective first anchoring portion (5) and of the second anchoring portion (6) with the material of the building shell that surrounds the anchoring portions (5, 6) and the protruding external part are effected.
9. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the grain size of the sand cover in the first anchoring portion (5) is larger than in the second anchoring portion (6).
10. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein at least one of the central portion (4), the first anchoring portion (5) or the second anchoring portion (6) have dissimilar diameters.
11. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the central portion (4) in the substantially horizontal direction projects beyond the insulation member (2) by a length L.sub.3, said length L.sub.3 being two times to ten times a diameter d.sub.M of the central portion (4) of the reinforcement element (3).
12. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a length L.sub.2 of the second anchoring element (6) is two times to ten times a diameter d.sub.M of the central portion (4) of the reinforcement element (3).
13. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein a length L.sub.1 of the first anchoring portion (5) is ten times to fifty times a diameter d.sub.M of the central portion (4) of the reinforcement element (3).
14. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a thin-walled tubular sleeve that is push-fittable onto at least the projecting region of the central portion (4).
15. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, wherein the casing comprises a coating applied to at least the projecting region of the central portion (4) by spraying or brushing.
16. The construction element (1) as claimed in claim 1, further comprising at least one of compression-force elements or transverse-force elements.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0025] Further features or advantages of the present invention are derived from the description hereunder of exemplary embodiments and the drawing in which:
[0026] FIG. 1 shows an exemplary embodiment of a construction element according to the invention in the installed state between a building shell and a protruding external part, in a sectional illustration;
[0027] FIG. 2 shows a detail of the exemplary embodiment of the construction element 1 from FIG. 1;
[0028] FIG. 3 shows a partial illustration of a first variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
[0029] FIG. 4 shows a partial illustration of a second variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
[0030] FIG. 5 shows a partial illustration of a third variant of the tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
[0031] FIG. 6 shows a partial illustration of a fourth variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
[0032] FIG. 7 shows a partial illustration of a fifth variant of the tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1;
[0033] FIG. 8 shows a partial illustration of a sixth variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1; and
[0034] FIG. 9 shows a partial illustration of a seventh variant of a tensile reinforcement element for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0035] FIG. 1 shows a sectional illustration of an exemplary embodiment of a construction element 1 according to the invention in the installed state between a building shell A and a protruding external part B, wherein the construction element 1 on the side of the building is connected in the region of a supporting ceiling. The construction element 1 has an insulation member 2 that is disposed between the building shell A and the protruding external part B, and an integrally configured reinforcement element 3 in the form of a tensile reinforcement element. This tensile reinforcement element 3 in the present exemplary embodiment is configured so as to be bar-shaped and having a circular cross-section, and traverses the insulation member 2 horizontally and transversely to the horizontal longitudinal extent of said insulation member 2. The tensile reinforcement element 3 is furthermore in each case connected to the building shell A and the protruding external part B. The tensile reinforcement element 3 in the present exemplary embodiment is configured from glass-fiber-reinforced plastics material (GRP). The insulation member 2 is configured from a molded body from expanded polystyrene.
[0036] The tensile reinforcement element 3 has a central portion 4 which traverses the insulation member 2 and has a diameter d.sub.M which horizontally in relation to the insulation member 2 projects by a length L.sub.3 in the direction of the building shell A as well as in the direction of the protruding external part B. This means that the central portion 4 has a length that is greater in comparison to the cross-sectional length in relation to the longitudinal axis of the insulation member 2. The length L.sub.3 in the present exemplary embodiment is three times the diameter d.sub.M of the central portion 4. In the present exemplary embodiment, the central portion 4 on the radial external face thereof is substantially smooth-walled, that is to say configured without any surface profile. The tensile reinforcement element 3 in a region outside the insulation member 2 has a first anchoring portion 5 having a length L.sub.1. In order for said first anchoring portion 5 to be anchored in the two adjacent components A, B, said first anchoring portion 5 on the radial external face thereof is provided with a first surface profile which in the present exemplary embodiment is configured in the form of mutually parallel ribs. The length L.sub.1 in the present exemplary embodiment is fifty times the diameter d.sub.M of the central portion 4.
[0037] The tensile reinforcement element 3 between the central portion 4 and the first anchoring portion 5 furthermore has a second anchoring portion 6 of the length L.sub.2. This second anchoring portion 6 of the tensile reinforcement element 3 on the radial external face thereof is also provided with a second surface profile in the form of mutually parallel ribs. It is relevant herein that the first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties thereof, as will likewise be explained by the following FIGS. 2 to 10. Meshing of the surface profile of the anchoring portions 5, 6 with the material of the adjacent components A, B that surrounds the anchoring portions 5, 6 takes place in the installed state of the construction element 1 due to said surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6. The strength of said meshing, and thus the strength of the bond resulting therefrom, herein depends on the geometric and/or material properties of the respective surface profile of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. In the present exemplary embodiment, the length L.sub.2 of the second anchoring portion 6 is seven times the diameter d.sub.M of the central portion 4.
[0038] As has already been mentioned above, the central portion 4 of the tensile reinforcement element 3 that traverses the insulation member 2 in relation to the insulation member 2 projects by the length L.sub.3 in the horizontal direction. By virtue thereof, said central portion 4 in the installed state of the construction element 1 protrudes into the two adjacent components A, B by substantially said length L.sub.3. By virtue of the absent surface profile and the minor surface roughness of the central portion 4 associated therewith, only a week bond arises between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the adjacent components A, B. A so-called low-bonding zone is thus configured in the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the adjacent components A, B. In the present exemplary embodiment, the building shell A as well as the protruding external part B are configured from ferroconcrete, which is why the material that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the installed state of the construction element 1 is concrete. Only a minor transmission of force between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 takes place in the low-bonding zone.
[0039] As has already been described above, along the longitudinal axis of the tensile reinforcement element 3 first the second anchoring portion 6 adjoins, and then the first anchoring portion 5 of the tensile reinforcement element 3 adjoins, a side opposite the central portion. As is described by means of the following FIGS. 2 to 8, said two anchoring portions 5, 6 differ in terms of the geometric and/or material properties of the surface profiles thereof. These differences in the surface profile lead to a step-wise increase of the bonding strength from the bond-free zone in the region of the insulation member 2 up to the first anchoring portion 5. The strongest bond between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 is thus configured in the region of the first anchoring portion 5. An additional terminal anchor of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the adjacent components A, B can be dispensed with by virtue of said high-bonding zone in the region of the first anchoring portion 5. This facilitates the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A. Furthermore, the bonding properties of the construction element 1 are improved in such a manner that a stable and durable connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A can take place, on the one hand, and excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone in the region of the insulation member 2 to a zone having a bond in the adjacent components A, B can be avoided, on the other hand. Due to this, a formation of cracks in the concrete by virtue of excess material stress is decreased or even minimized.
[0040] As has already been mentioned above, both adjacent components A, B are configured from ferroconcrete and therefore each have a corresponding connector reinforcement A1, B1, the tensile reinforcement element 3 correspondingly overlapping therewith. The construction element 1 for absorbing and receiving compressive forces acting on the construction element furthermore has a compression-force element 7. Not only tensile forces but also compressive forces can thus be transmitted by the construction element 1, and a stable and durable connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A is created.
[0041] FIG. 2 shows a detail of the exemplary embodiment from FIG. 1 in the installed state. It becomes yet again evident by means of said FIG. 2 that the central portion 4 of the tensile reinforcement element 3, said central portion 4 on the radial external face thereof being configured so as to be smooth-walled, at the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the building shell A protrudes into said building shell A by the length L.sub.3 in the horizontal direction. A low-bonding zone is configured in said transition region due to this.
[0042] FIG. 3 shows a partial illustration of a first variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 as well as the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 in the present variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 are configured as ribs that run along the longitudinal axis of the anchoring portions 5, 6, said ribs being configured so as to be mutually parallel on the radial external face of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. Said tensile reinforcement element 3 herein has so-called negative ribs which are produced in that a rib-free radial external face of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the region of the two anchoring portions 5, 6 are provided with local radial depressions 51, 52, 61, 62. Due to this, radially encircling ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 are created, which in the region of the depression 51, 52, 61, 62 have a radially inward rib base 511, 521, 611, 621 and between the depressions 51, 52, 61, 62 have a radially outward rib ridge region 531, 541, 631, 641.
[0043] FIG. 4 shows a detail of the second variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 at the transition region between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the respective rib height hv.sub.v1, h.sub.v2, and of the respective rib width b.sub.v1, b.sub.v2, wherein the ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 a greater rib height h.sub.v1 as well as a smaller rib width b.sub.v1 in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. The respective rib height h.sub.v1, h.sub.v2 herein corresponds to the spacing between the radially inward rib base 511, 512, 611, 621 and the radially outward rib ridge region 531, 541, 631, 641. A rib pitch T is substantially identical in the case of both anchoring portions 5, 6. Due to this, more intense meshing of the tensile reinforcement element 3 with the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 takes place in the installed state of the construction element 1 in the region of the first anchoring portion 5 in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6, while configuring a high-bonding zone. As has already been mentioned above, by virtue of this high-bonding zone in the region of the first anchoring portion 5, an additional terminal anchor of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the adjacent components A, B can be dispensed with, due to which the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A is facilitated.
[0044] FIG. 5 shows a third variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in a detailed illustration at the transition region between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 in the case of this second variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 differ from one another in terms of the respective rib height h.sub.v1, h.sub.v2 as well as of the inclination angle .sub.v1, .sub.v2 of the rib flanks. The ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 herein have a greater rib height h.sub.v1 as well as a smaller inclination angle .sub.v1 in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. Here too, more intense meshing of the tensile reinforcement element 3 with the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the region of the first anchoring portion 5 takes place in the installed state of the construction element 1 due to this in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6, while configuring the strong-bonding zone. As has already been mentioned above, an additional terminal anchor of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the adjacent components A, B can be dispensed with by virtue of said strong-bonding zone in the region of the first anchoring portion 5, due to which the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A is facilitated.
[0045] FIG. 6 shows a partial illustration of a fourth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. In the case of this fourth variant, both anchoring portions 5, 6 likewise have negative ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 which however do not run in a mutually parallel manner, but in the manner of screw turns about the longitudinal axis of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. Since the machining of said ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 that run in the manner of screw turns can be performed in a continuous manner, this second variant has a producibility a which is simplified in comparison to the first variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3. This decreases the production time as well as the production costs of the construction element 1. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in the respective rib height h.sub.v1, h.sub.v2, wherein the rib width b.sub.v1, b.sub.v2 and the rib pitch T.sub.v1, T.sub.v2 are substantially identical. The ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 have a greater rib height h.sub.v1 in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. As is also the case in the variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3 described above, this difference between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 leads to a step-wise increase of the bonding strength from the central portion 4 by way of the second anchoring portion 6 up to the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and the formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and the durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.
[0046] FIG. 7 shows a partial illustration of a fifth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. As opposed to the previously described variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3, this fifth variant has positive ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 which run in the manner of screw turns about the longitudinal axis of the two anchoring portions 5, 6. Said positive ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 have been additively applied to the tensile reinforcement element 3. Said positive ribs 53, 54, 63, 64 differ from the previously described negative ribs in that the radially outward rib ridge region 531, 541, 631, 641 has a diameter which is larger in comparison to the diameter of the central portion d.sub.M, while the diameter of the rib base 511, 521, 611, 621 is substantially identical to the diameter of the central portion d.sub.M. The first surface profile of the first anchoring portion 5 and the second surface profile of the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the rib pitch T.sub.v1, T.sub.v2, wherein the rib width b.sub.v1, b.sub.v2 and the rib height h.sub.v1, h.sub.v2 are substantially identical. The ribs 53, 54 of the first anchoring portion 5 have a smaller rib pitch T.sub.v1 in comparison to the ribs 63, 64 of the second anchoring portion 6. As is also the case in the previously described variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3, this difference between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 leads to a step-wise increase of the bonding strength from the central portion 4, by way of the second anchoring portion 6 up to the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and the formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and the durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.
[0047] FIG. 8 shows a partial illustration of a sixth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. In this sixth variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3, the first anchoring portion 5 as well as the second anchoring portion 6 have a sand cover. This sand cover herein has been applied to the tensile reinforcement element 3 in such a manner that the diameter of the tensile reinforcement element 3 increases in a step-wise manner from the central portion 4, by way of the second anchoring portion 6 up to the first anchoring portion 5. This means that the diameter d.sub.v1 of the first anchoring portion 5 is larger than the diameter d.sub.2 of the second anchoring portion 6, wherein both anchoring portions 5, 6 have a larger diameter than the central portion 4. A further difference between the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 lies in the grain size of the sand used for the sand cover of the tensile reinforcement element 3. The grain size of the first anchoring portion 5 herein is larger than the grain size of the second anchoring portion 5. Due to this, the first anchoring portion 5 has a higher surface roughness in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6. A comparable effect as in the previously described ribbed variants of the tensile reinforcement element 3 is achieved by a sand cover of this type. The bond between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the installed state of the construction element 1 increases in a step-wise manner from the transition region between the insulation member 2 and the two adjacent components A, B toward the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and the formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.
[0048] FIG. 9 shows a partial illustration of a seventh variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 for use in the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1. This seventh variant of the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the region of the central portion 4 has a casing 8 which is configured as a thin-walled tubular sleeve and is push-fitted onto the central portion 4. In the installed state of the construction element 1 between the protruding external part B and the building shell A, the central portion 4 as well as the sleeve 8 that encases the central portion 4 protrude in the horizontal direction into the adjacent components A, B by the length L.sub.3, due to which only a weak bond exists between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in this region. As is already the case in the sixth variant of the tensile reinforcement element, the first anchoring portion 5 as well as the second anchoring portion 6 have a sand cover having properties that are comparable to the two anchoring portions 5, 6 which are described in FIG. 7. By virtue thereof, the first anchoring portion 5 and the second anchoring portion 6 differ in terms of the grain size of the sand used for the sand cover of the tensile reinforcement element 3. The grain size of the first anchoring portion 5 herein is larger than the grain size of the second anchoring portion 5. Due to this, the first anchoring portion 5 has a higher surface roughness in comparison to the second anchoring portion 6. In this case too, the bond between the tensile reinforcement element 3 and the concrete that surrounds the tensile reinforcement element 3 in the installed state of the construction element 1 increases in a step-wise manner from the transition region between the insulation body 2 and the two adjacent components A, B toward the first anchoring portion 5. Due to this, excessive stress on the concrete in the transition region between the bond-free zone and the region having a bond is avoided in the installed state of the construction element 1, and a formation of cracks in this region is consequently decreased or even prevented. This ultimately improves the stability and durability of the connecting of the protruding external part B to the building shell A.
