Animal protein-free media for cultivation of cells

Abstract

The present invention relates to animal protein-free cell culture media comprising polyamines and a plant- and/or yeast-derived hydrolysate. The invention also relates to animal protein-free culturing processes, wherein cells can be cultivated, propagated and passaged without adding supplementary animal proteins in the culture medium. These processes are useful in cultivating cells, such as recombinant cells or cells infected with a virus, and for producing biological products by cell culture processes.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating cells, comprising the steps of: (a) providing an animal protein-free cell culture medium; (b) adding a supplement to the animal protein-free cell culture medium comprising at least one polyamine and at least one protein hydrolysate derived from the group consisting of plants and yeast, wherein the resultant concentration of the at least one polyamine in the animal protein-free cell culture medium ranges from about 0.5 to about 30 mg/L; and (c) propagating the cells in the animal protein-free cell culture medium to form a cell culture.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cells are selected from the group consisting of mammalian cells, insect cells, avian cells, bacterial cells, and yeast cells.

3. The method according to claim 2, wherein the mammalian cells are CHO cells.

4. The method according to claim 3, wherein the CHO cells are propagated in suspension.

5. The method according to claim 4, wherein the cell culture is a chemostat suspension culture.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cells are cultivated by a method selected from the group consisting of batch-cultivation, feed-batch-cultivation, perfusion cultivation, and chemostat-cultivation.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, ornithine, and a combination thereof.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the polyamine is putrescine.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein the protein hydrolysate is present in the animal protein-free cell culture medium in a total concentration ranging from about 0.05% (w/v) to about 5% (w/v) for all protein hydrolysates.

10. The method according to claim 1, wherein the protein hydrolysate is derived from a plant selected from the group consisting cereals and soy.

11. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resultant concentration of the polyamine in the animal protein-free cell culture medium ranges from about 2 mg/L to about 8 mg/L.

12. The method according to claim 1, wherein the resultant concentration of the polyamine in the animal protein-free cell culture medium ranges from about 2 mg/L to about 5 mg/L.

13. The method according to claim 1, wherein the polyamine originates from a source other than a protein hydrolysate.

14. The method according to claim 1, wherein the cells express a target protein.

15. The method according to claim 14, wherein the target protein is selected from the group consisting of coagulation factor VIII, erythropoietin, Epstein Barr virus, and human antibodies.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the target protein is coagulation factor VIII.

17. The method according to claim 14, wherein the cell/target protein combination is selected from the group consisting of CHO cells/coagulation factor VIII, BHK cells/erythropoietin, Epstein Barr virus transformed, and immortalized human B cells/human antibodies.

18. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of isolating the target protein from the animal protein-free cell culture medium.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a graph which compares (A) the volumetric FVIII-CoA productivity (expressed in [U/L/D]=FVIII COA Units per L reactor volume per day and (B) the specific growth rate ( expressed in [d.sup.1]=1 per day) of GD8/6 cells as a function of the media used for culture, which were supplemented with different lots (K119-1, K138-1, M022963, M024423, M022453) of soy hydrolysates (0.4% (w/v)).

(2) FIG. 2 shows a table which compares the volumetric FVIII-CoA productivity of GD8/6 cells grown in media with different soy hydrolysate concentrations.

(3) FIG. 3 shows a graph which compares the volumetric FVIII-CoA productivity of GD8/6 cells as a function of the media used for culture, which were supplemented with 5 different lots (K119-1, K138-1, M022963, M024423, M022453) of soy hydrolysates (0.25% (w/v)) (A) in the absence of putrescine and (B) in the presence of 1 mg/L putrescine.2HCl.

(4) FIG. 4 shows a graph which compares the specific growth rates of GD8/6 cells as a function of the media used for culture, which were supplemented with 5 different lots (K119-1, K138-1, M22963, M024423, M022453) of soy hydrolysates (0.25% (w/v)) (A) in the absence of putrescine and (B) in the presence of 1 mg/L putrescine.2HCl.

(5) FIG. 5 shows a table which compares the volumetric FVIII-CoA productivity (QP [U/L/D]) and the specific growth rate ([d1]) of GD8/6 cells and their standard deviation grown in media with 5 different selected lots (K119-1, K138-1, M022963, M024423, M022453) of soy hydrolysates (0.4% (w/v) or 0.25% (w/v)) with the same soy hydrolysates (0.25% (w/v)) with and without putrescine.2HCl at 1 mg/L.

(6) FIG. 6 shows a table which describes the average putrescine concentrations found in soy hydrolysates (0.4% (w/v) in cell culture medium) from different manufacturers.

(7) FIG. 7 shows a table which compares the effect of soy hydrolysate (0.4% (w/v)) and soy hydrolysate (0.25% (w/v))+1.8 mg/L putrescine.2HCl on the volumetric productivity (QP expressed in [mg IgG1/L reactor volume/day] and cell specific productivity (qp [g IgG 1/10E06 Cells/d]) in ARH77 cells secreting a monoclonal antibody.

(8) FIG. 8 shows a graph which compares the effect of soy hydrolysate (0.25% (w/v)) and soy hydrolysate (0.25% (w/v))+1 mg/L putrescine (1.8 mg/L putrescine.2HCl) on the cell specific erythropoeitin (EPO)-productivity of recombinant BHK cells (EPO production (Units)/glucose consumption (g).

(9) FIG. 9 shows a table comparing the effect of putrescine, ornithine and spermine over a wider concentration range (0-18 mg/L) on the specific growth ( absolute, relative) and the cell specific productivity (Qp absolute, Qp relative) of GD8/6 cells cultivated in BAV-medium containing 0.0% soy hydrolysate and no amines, or BAV-medium containing a reduced soy hydrolysate concentration of 0.25% supplemented with polyamines in the concentration range indicated above. BAVSP 0.25%=BAV medium containing 0.25% soy hydrolysate; BAVSP 0.4%=BAV medium containing 0.4% soy hydrolysate; BAV w/o soy no polyamines=BAV medium containing neither soy hydrolysate nor polyamines.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) One aspect of the invention relates to an animal protein-free cell culture medium comprising at least one polyamine and a plant- and/or yeast-derived hydrolysate, in a concentration sufficiently reduced in order to avoid potential inhibitory effects of the hydrolysate.

(11) The term polyamine refers to any of a group of organic compounds composed of carbon, nitrogen, and hydrogen, and containing two or more amino groups. For example, the term encompasses molecules selected from the group consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, and ornithine.

(12) Unless stated differently, concentration values indicated throughout this document refer to the free base form of the component(s).

(13) In a preferred embodiment of the animal protein-free cell culture medium the concentration of the polyamine is present in a concentration ranging from about 0.5 mg/L to about 30 mg/L, more preferably from about 0.5 mg/L to about 20 mg/L, even more preferably from about 0.5 mg/L to about 10 mg/L, more preferably from about 2 mg/L to about 8 mg/L, most preferably from about 2 to about 5 mg/L in the medium.

(14) In a preferred embodiment the total concentration of the plant- and/or yeast-derived protein hydrolysate in the animal protein-free cell culture medium is about 0.05% to about 5% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 2% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 1% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 0.5% (w/v), most preferably about 0.05% to about 0.25% (w/v); i.e. if the medium contains a plantand a yeast derived protein hydrolysate, the total concentration is calculated by the summing up the concentration values of each of the protein hydrolysate components contained in the medium.

(15) The term animal protein free cell culture medium according to the invention refers to a medium that does not contain proteins and/or protein components from higher multicellular non-plant eukaryotes. Typical proteins that are avoided are those found in serum and serum-derived substances, such as albumin, transferrin, insulin and other growth factors. The animal protein free cell culture medium is also free of any purified animal derived products and recombinant animal derived products as well as protein digests and extracts thereof or lipid extracts or purified components thereof. Animal proteins and protein components are to be distinguished from non-animal proteins, small peptides and oligopeptides obtainable from plants (usually 10-30 amino acids in length), such as soy bean, and lower eukaryotes, such as yeast which may be included into the animal protein free cell culture medium according to the invention.

(16) The animal protein free culture medium according to the invention may be based on any basal medium such as DMEM, Ham's F12, Medium 199, McCoy or RPMI generally known to the skilled worker. The basal medium may comprise a number of ingredients, including amino acids, vitamins, organic and inorganic salts, and sources of carbohydrate, each ingredient being present in an amount which supports the cultivation of a cell which is generally known to the person skilled in the art. The medium may contain auxiliary substances, such as buffer substances like sodium bicarbonate, antioxydants, stabilisers to counteract mechanical stress, or protease inhibitors. If required, a non-ionic surfactant such as mixtures of polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols (e.g. Pluronic F68 , SERVA) can be added as a defoaming agent.

(17) The polyamine employed for the animal protein free culture medium according to the invention may be selected from the group consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, ornithine, and combinations thereof. Most preferably, the animal protein free culture medium contains ornithine, putrescine and spermine.

(18) In an preferred embodiment of the animal protein free culture medium the polyamine controls DNA- and RNA-synthesis, cell proliferation, cell differentiation, membrane stabilization, and/or antioxidative DNA-protection. Putrescine, spermidine, spermine, and ornithine are examples of polyamines which exhibit these functions. Another example of a polyamine is cadaverine.

(19) In another preferred embodiment of the animal protein-free cell culture medium according to the invention the polyamine originates from a source other than the protein hydrolysate.

(20) In a further preferred embodiment of the animal protein-free cell culture medium the polyamine is present in a concentration ranging from about 0.5 to about 30 mg/L, more preferably from about 0.5 mg/L to about 20 mg/L, even more preferably from about 0.5 mg/L to about 10 mg/L, more preferably from about 2 mg/L to about 8 mg/L, most preferably from about 2 to about 5 mg/L in the medium, and the plant- and/or yeast-derived protein hydrolysate is present in the medium in a concentration ranging from about 0.05% to about 5% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 2% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 1% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 0.5% (w/v), most preferably about 0.05% to about 0.25% (w/v).

(21) The plant-derived protein hydrolysate used for the animal protein-free cell culture medium according to the invention is preferably selected from the group consisting of a cereal hydrolysate and/or a soy hydrolysate. The soy hydrolysate may be a highly purified soy hydrolysate, a purified soy hydrolysate or crude soy hydrolysate.

(22) The term hydrolysate includes any enzymatic digest of a vegetable or yeast extract. The hydrolysate can be further enzymatically digested, for example by papain, and/or formed by autolysis, thermolysis and/or plasmolysis. Hydrolysates to be used according to the present invention are also commercially available, such as HyPep 1510 , Hy-Soyo, Hy-Yeast 412 and Hi-Yeast 444, from sources such as Quest International, Norwich, N.Y., OrganoTechnie, S.A. France, Deutsche Hefewerke GmbH, Germany, or DMV Intl. Delhi, N.Y. Sources of yeast extracts and soy hydrolysates are also disclosed in WO 98/15614, WO 00/03000, WO 01/23527 and U.S. Pat. No. 5,741,705.

(23) The hydrolysates are preferably purified from crude fraction, because impurities could interfere with efficient cultivation. Purification can be carried out by ultrafiltration or Sephadex chromatography, for example with Sephadex 25 or Sephadex G10 or equivalent materials, ion exchange chromatography, affinity chromatography, size exclusion chromatography or reverse-phase-chromatography. The fractions may contain hydrolysates of defined molecular weight, preferably up to about 1000 Dalton, more preferably up to about 500 Dalton, most preferably up to about 350 Dalton. At least about 90% of the hydrolysate has preferably a molecular weight of up to about 1000 Dalton. The average molecular weight of the hydrolysates lies preferably between about 220 and about 375 Daltons. The pH value of the hydrolysate should be in the range of from about 6.5 to about 7.5. The total nitrogen content is preferably between about 5 and about 15%, and the ash content is preferably up to about 20%. The free amino acid content is preferably between about 5% and about 30%. The endotoxin content is preferably less than about 500 U/g.

(24) The invention also provides a method of using at least one polyamine for addition to an animal protein-free cell culture medium containing a plant- and/or yeast-derived protein hydrolysate, for increasing the protein expression yield in the cultured cells. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the polyamine is present in the culture medium in a total concentration ranging from about 0.5 to about 30 mg/L, more preferably from about 0.5 mg/L to about 20 mg/L, even more preferably from about 0.5 mg/L to about 10 mg/L, more preferably from about 2 mg/L to about 8 mg/L, most preferably from about 2 to about 5 mg/L in the medium. Preferably, the polyamine is selected from the group consisting of cadaverine, putrescine, spermidine, spermine, agmatine, ornithine, and combinations thereof. Preferably, the plant- and/or yeast-derived protein hydrolysate is present in the medium in a concentration ranging from about 0.05% to about 5% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 2% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 1% (w/v), more preferably about 0.05% to about 0.5% (w/v), most preferably about 0.05% to about 0.25% (w/v).

(25) The present invention further relates to a method for cultivating cells, comprising the steps of:

(26) (a) providing an animal protein-free cell culture medium according to the invention, and

(27) (b) propagating the cells in the medium to form a cell culture.

(28) In a preferred embodiment the animal protein-free cell culture medium comprises at least one polyamine and a plant- and/or yeast-derived hydrolysate. Preferably the polyamine originates from a source other than the protein hydrolysate.

(29) The present invention is not limited to any type of cells. In a preferred embodiment of the invention the cells used are for example mammalian cells, insect cells, avian cells, bacterial cells, yeast cells. The cells may be for example stem cells or recombinant cells transformed with a vector for recombinant gene expression, or cells transfected with a virus for producing viral products. The cells may also be for example cells producing a protein of interest without recombinant transformation, e.g. a B-cell producing an antibody, which may be transformed into an immortalized status e.g. by viral infection like Epstein Barr Virus infection. The cells may also be for example primary cells, e.g. chicken embryo cells, or primary cell lines. Preferred are cells that are used for in vitro virus production. In a preferred embodiment the cells may be BSC cells, LLC-MK cells, CV-1 cells, COS cells, VERO cells, MDBK cells, MDCK cells, CRFK cells, RAF cells, RK cells, TCMK-1 cells, LLCPK cells, PK15 cells, LLC-RK cells, MDOK cells, BHK-21 cells, CHO cells, NS-1 cells, MRC-5 cells, WI-38 cells, BHK cells, 293 cells, RK cells, and chicken embryo cells.

(30) The cells used according to the present invention may be cultivated by a method selected from the group of batch-cultivation, feed-batch-cultivation, perfusion cultivation and chemostate-cultivation all of which are generally known in the field.

(31) The present invention further relates to a method for expressing a target protein such as a heterologous or autologous protein or a recombinant protein, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a culture of cells that have been grown in an animal protein-free cell culture medium according to the invention; and (b) introducing a nucleic acid sequence comprising a sequence coding for the target protein into the cells; (c) selecting the cells carrying the nucleic acid sequence; and (d) selectively inducing the expression of the target protein in the cells.

(32) In a preferred embodiment the animal protein-free cell culture medium comprises at least one polyamine and a plant- and/or yeast-derived hydrolysate. Preferably, the polyamine originates from a source other than the protein hydrolysate.

(33) The nucleic acid sequence comprising a sequence coding for the target protein may be a vector. The vector may be a virus or a plasmid. The sequence coding for a target protein may be a specific gene or a biological functional part thereof. In a preferred embodiment the target protein is at least a biologically active part of a blood coagulation factor such as the Factor VIII or at least a biologically active part of a protein involved in the production of red blood cells and angiogenesis such as erythropoeitin, or a monoclonal antibody.

(34) Preferably, the nucleic acid further comprises other sequences suitable for controlled expression of a target protein such as promotor sequences, as enhancers, TA TA boxes, transcription initiation sites, polylinkers, restriction sites, poly-A-sequences, protein processing sequences, selection markers, and the like which are generally known to the person skilled in the art.

(35) Most preferred are the following cell lines transformed with a recombinant vector for the expression of the respective products: CHO cells for the production of recombinant coagulation factor VIII, BHK cells for the production of recombinant erythropoietin, Epstein Barr virus transformed, immortalized human B cells for the production of human antibodies.

(36) The present invention further relates to a method for producing a virus or part of a virus, comprising the steps of: (a) providing a culture of cells that have been grown in an animal protein-free cell culture medium according to the invention; and (b) infecting the cells with a virus; (c) selecting the virus-infected cells; and (d) incubating the cells to propagate the virus.

(37) In a preferred embodiment the animal protein-free cell culture medium comprises at least one polyamine and a plant- and/or yeast-derived hydrolysate. More preferably, the polyamine originates from a source other than the protein hydrolysate.

(38) The virus used in the method according to the invention may be any pathogenic virus, mammalian, preferably human virus, such as a vaccinia or attenuated vaccinia virus, e.g. for smallpox vaccines, coronavirus, preferably SARS virus, e.g. for production of SARS vaccines, orthomyoxyvirus, preferably influenza virus, e.g. for production of influenza vaccines, paramyxovirus, retrovirus, influenza A or B virus, Ross River virus, flavivirus, preferably West Nile virus or FSME virus (i.e. tick borne encephalitis virus), e.g. for the production of the respective vaccines, picomavirus, arena virus, herpesvirus, poxvirus or adenovirus.

(39) The virus may be a wild-type-virus, an attenuated virus, a reassortant virus, or a recombinant virus or combinations thereof, e.g. attenuated and recombinant. In addition, instead of actual virions being used to infect cells with a virus, an infectious nucleic acid clone may be used. Split virions may also be used.

(40) The method for expressing a protein or producing a virus may be used for producing immunogenic compositions comprising a virus or a virus antigen.

(41) The cells used for the method for producing a virus may be selected from the group consisting of mammalian cells, insect cells, avian cells, bacterial cells, and yeast cells. Preferably, the cells are cultivated by a method selected from the group consisting of batch cultivation, feed-batch-cultivation, perfusion cultivation and chemostat-cultivation.

(42) Preferred combinations of cells with viruses for producing a virus or part of a virus are Vero cell/attenuated vaccinia, Vero cellN accinia, Vero cell/Hepatitis A, Vero cell/Influenza Virus, Vero cell/West Nile Virus, Vero cell/SARS Virus, chicken embryo cells/FSME virus.

(43) The present invention further relates to a method of using the animal protein-free cell culture medium according to the invention for culturing cells expressing a target protein.

(44) The present invention will now be further illustrated in the following examples, without being limited thereto.

EXAMPLES

Example 1 (BAV-Medium)

(45) Animal protein free medium was prepared with basal DMEM/HAM's F12 (1:1) medium supplemented with inorganic salts, amino acids, vitamins and other components (Life technologies, 32500 Powder). Also added were L-glutamine (600 mg/L), ascorbic acid (20 M), ethanol amine (25 M), the polyol detergent block-copolymer SYNPERONIC (SERVA) (0.25 g/L), sodium selenite (50 nM). Additionally, essential amino acids were supplemented to the cell culture medium. Further, varying concentrations of soy hydrolysate (Quest Technologies, NY or DMV Intl., NY) in the range of 0.0-1.0% and varying concentrations of polyamines (0-10 mg/L) were added (FIG. 1-9).

Example 2

(46) Cell cultures of recombinant mammalian cells (e.g. CHO-cells stably expressing Factor VIII=GD8/6-cells) were grown in suspension in a chemostat culture in 10 l bioreactors. The culture conditions of 37 C., oxygen saturation 20% and pH 7.0 to 7.1 were kept constant. The cultures were supplied with a constant feed of BAV-medium as defined in Example 1 additionally supplemented with soy hydrolysates in the range of 0, 1-1.0% and/or addition of putrescine.2HCl in the range of 0-1 mg/L (cf. FIG. 1-5).

(47) Small scale experiments with GD8/6 cells in suspension culture were carried in Techne spinner flasks at 200 ml working volume in batch refeed mode at 37 C., without pH and pO2 control. The cultures were supplied with BAV-medium as defined in Example 1 without supplementation of soy hydrolysate and polyamines, or supplemented with soy hydrolysate in the range of 0.1-0.4% and/or putrescine.2HCl, ornithine.HCl, spermine.4HCl in the range of 0-18 mg/L (equivalent to 0-10 mg/L of the polyamine without .HCl (cf. FIG. 9).

Example 3 (Cf. FIGS. 1 to 5 7, and 9)

(48) Cell counts from suspension cells or immobilized cells were determined either by counting with a CASY cell counter as described by Schrfe et al., (Biotechnologie in LaborPraxis 10: 1096-1103 (1988)) or by citric acid extraction and fluorescent staining of the nuclei followed by counting with a NucleoCounter (Chemometec, DK). The specific growth rate () is calculated from the increase of the cell densities (X.sub.1) and/or the dilution rate (D) of the steady state of chemostat cultures of suspensions cells over a certain time interval (t): =D+In (Xt I X0)/t

Example 4

(49) The activity of Factor VIII (FVIII) (cf. FIGS. 1 to 5 and 9) was measured by a chromogenic assay (Chromogenic, Sweden). The activity of erythropoeitin (cf. FIG. 8) and the monoclonal antibody titer (cf. FIG. 7) were measured by ELISA test systems.

(50) The volumetric productivity is calculated from the amount of activity units or antigen titers yielded per liter reactor volume per day (U/L/d or mg/L/d) in the respective production systems.

(51) The cell specific productivity is defined as the specific amount of produced protein (U or g) per number of cells per day (cf. FIGS. 7 and 9) or as the specific amount of produced protein (U) produced per amount of D-glucose consumed by the cells (cf. FIG. 8).

Example 5

(52) GD8/6 cells were supplied with BAV-medium containing 0.4% (w/v) of different soy hydrolysate lots. The volumetric FVIII-productivity varied from about 600 to 1800 U/L/d and the specific growth rates varied of from 0.35 to 0.52[d1] between the different lots (cf. FIG. 1). This indicates that the soy hydrolysate lots at the 0.4% concentration does not allow consistent growth of the GD8/6 cells, possibly due to inhibitory substances affecting the specific growth rate () which are contained in the soy hydrolysates.

Example 6

(53) GD8/6 cells were supplied with BAV-medium containing different concentrations of soy hydrolysate lot M022257 (in the range of 0.15-1.0% w/v). The volumetric FVIII-productivity varied of from 500 to 1.100 U/L/d and reached an optimum productivity of 1.100 U/L/d at a soy hydrolysate concentration of 0.4% (w/v) (cf. FIG. 2).

Example 7

(54) GD8/6 cells were supplied with BAV-medium containing 0.25% (w/v) of the same 5 different soy hydrolysate lots as described in Example 5 (FIGS. 3A and 4A) and 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate of the same soy hydrolysate lots additionally supplemented with 1 mg/L putrescine.2 HCl (FIGS. 3B and 4B), respectively. The volumetric FVIII-productivity varied of from 1700 U/L/d to 500 U/Lid in the cells grown BAV-SP medium containing 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate of different soy hydrolysate lots (FIG. 3A). The specific growth rate varied of from 0.58 to 0.24[d1], indicating that the reduction of the soy hydrolysate concentration does not lead to an improved or more consistent growth rate of the cells (FIG. 4A).

(55) In contrast, only minor variations of the volumetric FVIII-productivity (FIG. 3B) and specific growth rates (FIG. 4B) between the same soy hydrolysate lots are observed in the cells grown BAV-medium containing 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate when supplemented with 1 mg/L putrescine.2HCl. The addition of 1 mg/L putrescine.2HCl approximately compensates the reduction of this polyamine by the reduction of soy hydrolysate concentration from 0.4% (w/v) to 0.25% (w/v). From this it can be concluded that not the concentration of the polyamine itself, but the addition of the polyamine in combination with the reduction of the soy hydrolysate concentrations leads to a reduction of inhibitory substances which reduce growth and productivity (see Example 5). Furthermore, the addition of putrescine also leads to an over proportional increased volumetric productivity of FVIII due to an increase of the cell specific FVIII productivity (FIG. 5).

(56) Thus addition of putrescine to animal protein-free cell culture media not only promotes protein expression rate of cultured cells but it also reduces the amount of plant hydrolysate to be included into the culture media in order to obtain the same cell growth. As a result, culture media become less affected by the lot-by-lot variation of quality of plant hydrolysate and thus an overall improvement of the cell culture conditions is achieved.

Example 8

(57) FIG. 5 comprises the statistical analysis of the Examples shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 4: GD8/6 cells were supplied with BAV-medium containing 0.4% (w/v) of soy hydrolysate or 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate or 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate and 1 mg/L putrescine.2HCl. Standard deviations are calculated based on five selected lots of soy hydrolysates (K119-1, K138-1, M022963, M024423, M022453). The volumetric and cell specific FVIII-productivity and the specific growth rate with 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate was lower than with 0.4% (w/v) soy hydrolysate, which confirms the optimum depicted in FIG. 2. However, the volumetric and cell specific FVIII-productivity and the specific growth rate increases in cell culture medium containing 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate+1 mg/L putrescine.2HCl. Further, the standard deviation calculated from five different lots of soy hydrolysates is significantly reduced (cf. FIG. 5 [QP [U/L/D]=volumetric productivity; qp [mU/10.sup.6 cells/day]=cell specific productivity).

Example 9

(58) Examples 7 and 8 show that putrescine is an active compound supporting cell growth and, more specifically protein expression. Therefore, the concentration of putrescine from different soy hydrolysate lots from 2 different suppliers (Quest and DMV) were quantitatively analysed by a HPLC method and evaluated statistically. The concentration in the cell culture media prepared with soy hydrolysate from both suppliers was approximately 2.3 mg/L putrescine, when soy hydrolysate was added to the medium in a concentration of 0.4% (w/v) (cf. FIG. 6).

Example 10

(59) ARH77 cells (human lymphoblastoid cell line stably expressing hlgG) were grown in a perfusion culture after immobilization on macroporous microcarriers in a 80 L stirred tank bioreactor at 37 C., pH 7.0-7.2 and pO2 20-80% air saturation, supplied with BAV medium containing 0.4% (w/v) of soy hydrolysate or 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate+1.8 mg/L putrescine.2HCl. Arithmetic means and standard deviations were calculated from data points representing the steady states for the respective medium formulations. The volumetric hlgG-volumetric productivity/cell specific productivity in BAV-medium supplemented with 0.4% (w/v) soy hydrolysate was lower than in BAV-medium supplemented with 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate+1.8 mg/L putrescine.2HCl. This experiment indicates that the medium composition according to the present invention is capable to promote also the expression of monoclonal antibodies from a transformed cell line. Further, the specific medium composition can also be used in perfusion cultures (cf. FIG. 7).

Example 11

(60) Recombinant BHK cells were grown to confluence in 5% (v/v) fetal calf serum containing medium. The cells were washed with protein-free medium and incubated for 3 days in BAV medium supplemented with 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate or 0.25% (w/v) soy hydrolysate+1.8 mg/L putrescine.2HCl (FIG. 8). Since no cell counting in this experiment was performed, the glucose consumption rate (g/L) was measured over three days to prove equivalent biomass in the culture system. The EPO-activity (mU/ml) was correlated with the glucose consumption rate (g/L) over three days. The addition of putrescine gives a 16% increase in EPO productivity compared to BAV-medium merely supplemented with 0.25% (w/v) soy peptone. This experiment also indicates that the medium composition according to the present invention is capable to promote the expression of different recombinant proteins.

Example 12

(61) To prove the specific effect of putrescine, ornithine and spermine over a wider concentration range (0-18 mg/L equivalent to 0-10 mg/L of the polyamine without .HCl) an experiment was carried where the GD8/6 cells were incubated in Techne spinner flasks at 1-1.5 E06 cells/ml in BAV-medium containing 0.25% and 0.4% soy hydrolysate without polyamines, and BA V-medium containing the reduced soy hydrolysate concentration of 0.25% with the polyamines in the above mentioned concentration range. All three polyamines in the investigated concentration range resulted in a significant increase of cell specific productivity (expressed in mU/106 cells/day) compared to the unsupplemented medium formulation with 0.25% soy hydrolysate, or the increased concentration of 0.4%. The increase of the cell specific productivity is clearly not correlating with an increased specific growth rate, which confirms the specific effect on the expression rate of recombinant FVIII of the GD8/6 cells (FIG. 9).