Container labeling systems and methods of use

Abstract

The invention relates to labeling and/or printing devices, methods and systems for applying coding and/or labeling to containers that are stacked or otherwise organized in a group (e.g., containers stacked on a pallet). In embodiments of the invention, labeling and/or printing devices are mounted on carriages that are capable of moving in a vertical direction to apply labels as they move. Horizontal movement is imparted either by moving such carriages in a horizontal direction adjacent to the containers, or by moving the containers themselves (or the pallet holding them) in a horizontal direction adjacent to such carriages. Multiple carriages with labeling devices may be provided to provide simultaneous labeling to more than one side of a group of stacked containers. Embodiments of the invention are capable of providing labeling of containers that are uniformly or non-uniformly grouped or stacked.

Claims

1. A system for applying labels or printed information to individual containers in a stack, comprising: a. a frame extending above and across a conveyor, said frame having a track; b. a carriage movably mounted on said track, wherein said carriage is connected to a mechanism for moving said carriage along said track, c. a plurality of applicator systems mounted on said carriage, each having an applicator in mechanical connection with said carriage; d. said conveyor for positioning stacked containers into a position in which said carriage can be positioned adjacent to said stacked containers, said conveyor passing through said frame, and said carriage is operable to move along said track to (1) lower to a first position to position said plurality of applicator systems such that said applicator of each of said plurality of applicator systems can apply labels or printing to individual stacked containers and (2) vertically retract to a second position wherein said stacked containers may pass under said carriage; and e. an electronic system for controlling the position of said conveyor, and said carriage and said applicator of each of said plurality of applicator systems, wherein said plurality of applicator systems is operable to apply a label or printing to each individual container in said stacked containers.

2. The labeling system of claim 1, wherein said plurality of applicator systems includes first and second applicator systems mounted on opposite lateral sides of said frame.

3. The labeling system of claim 1, wherein one of said carriages includes a sensor for identifying a position of said stacked containers, said sensor being in electronic communication with said electronic system and configured to send data to said electronic system regarding said position of said stacked containers.

4. A method of labeling stacked containers, comprising: a. placing at least two stacks of containers on a conveyor; b. moving said at least two stacks of containers to a labeling position in a labeling station, wherein said labeling station comprises at least three applicator systems mounted on a retractable frame; and c. applying identification information to each container in said at least two stacks of containers, wherein said at least three applicator systems apply said identification information to each of the containers in said first and second stacks of containers while said at least two stacks of containers are in said labeling position.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein said at least two stacks of containers are grouped together such that adjacent stacks of containers contact each other.

6. The method of claim 5, further comprising a third stack of containers that is arranged end-to-end with said second stack of containers along the length of said conveyor.

7. The method of claim 4, wherein said at least three applicator systems comprise first, second and third applicator systems, said second applicator system being mounted on said retractable frame on an opposite side of said conveyor from said first applicator system and said third applicator system being located on said retractable frame above said conveyor.

8. The method of claim 4, wherein said retractable frame can be retracted vertically to allow stacked containers on said conveyor to pass below said retractable carriage.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said first applicator system, said second applicator system, and said third applicator system are moved vertically in unison.

10. The method of claim 4, further comprising finding a leading edge of said first stack of containers, wherein said labeling station has a sensor for identifying said leading edge of said first stack of containers.

11. The method of claim 10, wherein said sensor transmits data regarding a location of said first stack of containers to a computing system with which said sensor is in electronic communication.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein said first and second stacks of containers are at least a portion of a predetermined pattern and said computing system has a reference pattern that corresponds to said predetermined pattern in an internal memory of said computing system.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein said reference pattern includes a size of said each container in said at least two stacks of containers, a location of said each container in said at least two stacks of containers, and one or more predetermined locations on each container in said at least two stacks of containers at which said identifying information is to be applied.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein said reference pattern includes identifying information that is unique to each of said individual containers, wherein applying said identifying information includes applying said unique identifying information to the corresponding individual container.

15. The method of claim 4, wherein said at least two applicator systems comprises at least three applicator systems connected to a four-sided frame extending above and across said conveyor, and wherein said at least three applicator systems simultaneously apply said identification information to containers on at least three sides of said first stack of containers, and simultaneously apply said identification information to containers on at least three sides of said second stack of containers, said carriages of said at least three applicator systems being vertically retractable to a position above said first stack of containers.

16. An apparatus for marking items comprising: a. a vertically oriented support member having a track along said vertically oriented support member; b. a support carriage movably engaged with said track and attached to a vertical motion imparting member operable to move said carriage vertically along said track; c. an applicator unit located on said carriage; d. a conveyor located adjacent to said vertically oriented support member, said conveyor being capable of moving at least two stacks of items located thereon in a horizontal direction; e. a plurality of sensors adjacent to said conveyor for determining a position of said at least two stacks of items on said conveyor; f. an electronic control unit in communication with said conveyor, said plurality of sensors, said vertical motion imparting member, and said applicator unit, wherein said electronic control unit is operable to (1) advance said at least two stacks of containers in a stepwise manner, such that each of the first and second stacks of items are successively parked adjacent to said applicator system and (2) control said vertical motion imparting member to move said carriage along said track to successively position said applicator unit adjacent to items of said at least two stacks, wherein said electronic control unit comprises programming for operating said conveyor, for identifying when at least one item reaches a position relative to said plurality of sensors, for operating said vertical motion imparting member to move said carriage adjacent to said at least one item, and for causing said applicator unit to mark individual items in said at least two stacks of items, wherein a plurality of stacks of items are provided on said conveyor, and wherein said electronic control unit includes programming for starting and stopping said conveyor according to information received from said plurality of sensors indicating the positions of said plurality of stacks of items; and g. a database of item size, item count and item position information provided in said electronic control unit.

17. The apparatus of claim 16 further comprising programming in said control unit for operating said vertical motion imparting member, said applicator unit and said applicator to mark individual items according to information contained in said database.

18. The apparatus of claim 16 wherein said vertical motion imparting member is selected from the group of: a chain, a belt, a perforated track, a cord, a cable and combinations thereof.

19. The apparatus of claim 16, wherein said vertical support member is part of a four-sided frame, said conveyor passing through said four-sided frame.

20. The apparatus of claim 19, wherein said carriage is operable to be lowered to a first position wherein said carriage is adjacent to a lateral side of a container, and said carriage is operable to be vertically retracted to a second position such that said group of containers may pass beneath said carriage.

21. An apparatus for marking containers comprising: a. a frame over a conveyor, said frame having a plurality of applicator systems in mechanical connection therewith, each of said applicator systems including: i. a horizontal track, ii. a horizontal motion imparting member in mechanical connection with said horizontal track; iii. a vertical track located along a portion of said frame, and iv. a carriage in mechanical engagement with said vertical track and said horizontal track, allowing said carriage to be moved horizontally and vertically into various lateral and vertical positions, and an applicator unit located on said carriage; b. a vertical motion imparting member; and c. an electronic control unit in communication with and for operating said horizontal motion imparting member, said vertical motion imparting member, and said applicator unit to mark individual containers of a group of containers; and d. at least one sensor adjacent to said conveyor for determining a position of at least one container on said conveyor, wherein said electronic control unit is in communication with said conveyor and said at least one sensor; and e. a database of container size, container count and container position information provided in said electronic control unit; wherein said electronic control unit includes programming for operating said conveyor, identifying when at least one container reaches a position relative to said at least one sensor, operating said vertical and horizontal motion imparting members to move said carriage adjacent to said at least one container, and causing said applicator unit to mark said at least one container.

22. The apparatus of claim 21 wherein said at least one sensor comprises a plurality of sensors provided adjacent to said conveyor, and said group of containers are provided on said conveyor, and said electronic control unit includes programming for starting and stopping said conveyor according to information received from said plurality of sensors indicating the positions of said group of containers.

23. The apparatus of claim 21, wherein said frame is a four-sided frame having a mechanical connection across and above said conveyor, and wherein said carriage comprises a second applicator unit, and a third applicator unit in addition to said applicator unit, such that said apparatus is operable to simultaneously mark individual containers on at least three lateral sides of said group of containers without adjusting a position of said group of containers.

24. The apparatus of claim 23, further comprising a fourth applicator unit, wherein said apparatus is operable to mark individual containers on all four lateral sides of said group of containers simultaneously without adjusting a position of said group of containers.

25. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein said vertical track comprises four vertical tracks, each of said four vertical tracks running along a vertical post of said four-sided frame, and said carriage is operable to be lowered to a first position wherein said carriage is adjacent to a lateral side of a container, and to be vertically retracted to a second position such that said group of containers may pass under said carriage.

26. The apparatus of claim 24, wherein a. said vertical track comprises four vertical tracks and said carriage is a four-sided carriage comprising four corners, each corner of said four corners being engaged with one of said four vertical tracks; b. said four-sided carriage is operable to be moved via a lift system along said four vertical tracks down to a position wherein at least one of said four-sided carriage is adjacent to a lateral side of a container, and retracted vertically along said four vertical tracks to a position wherein said group of containers may pass under said four-sided carriage, said lift system comprising a lift motor and a plurality of lift elements; and c. said applicator system comprises four applicator systems, one applicator system being disposed on each side of said four-sided carriage, such that said apparatus is operable to mark individual containers on all four lateral sides of a stack of containers simultaneously.

27. The apparatus of claim 26, wherein said electronic control unit is operable to control said four applicator systems and said lift motor.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a regular pattern of containers arranged on a pallet.

(2) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of an irregular pattern of containers arranged on a pallet.

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a nested pattern of containers arranged on a pallet.

(4) FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(5) FIG. 5 is a side view of a label applicator according to an embodiment of the invention.

(6) FIG. 6a is a top view of a printer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(7) FIG. 6b is a side view of a printer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(8) FIG. 6c is a top view of a printer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(9) FIG. 6d is a side view of a printer system according to an embodiment of the present invention.

(10) FIG. 7a is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(11) FIG. 7b is a frontal view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(12) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(13) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(14) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(15) FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(16) FIG. 12 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(17) FIG. 13a is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(18) FIG. 13b is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(19) FIG. 14 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

(20) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a label applicator system according an embodiment of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(21) Reference will now be made in detail to certain embodiments of the invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. While the invention will be described in reference to these embodiments, it will be understood that they are not intended to limit the invention. To the contrary, the invention is intended to cover alternatives, modifications, and equivalents that are included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the claims. In the following disclosure, specific details are given to provide a thorough understanding of the invention. However, it will be apparent to one skilled in the art that the present invention may be practiced without these specific details.

(22) Container Arrangements

(23) The labeling apparatus, systems, and methods of the present invention may be configured to apply labels and/or directly print onto each individual container in various groupings or arrangements of containers (e.g., containers loaded on a pallet). Different industries and companies use various arrangements of containers (e.g., cases, boxes) to store or ship their goods, and embodiments of the present invention provide labeling apparatus, systems, and methods capable of labeling individual containers in such various arrangements.

(24) Typically, containers may be arranged in regular vertical columns or stacks, and multiple columns or stacks may be grouped together in a cubic or other rectangular cuboid arrangement, where the columns or stacks have the same number of containers (such arrangements are referred to herein as regular arrangements). FIG. 1 shows and example of such an arrangement (11), which is on a pallet. In FIG. 1, a set of containers having eight columns or stacks (15), each having ten containers therein, is arranged into a 24 arrangement of columns, creating a rectangular cuboid shape. The arrangement of containers includes four rows of two (rows 11, 12, 13, and 14). The arrow shown in FIG. 1 shows the direction in which the pallet may be passed through an exemplary labeling station of the invention. In such an example, the pallet may be passed through a labeling system having a conveyor and two applicator systems flanking the conveyor. The conveyor may advance the pallet to the labeling system, where the applicator systems may apply labels and/or printing to the lateral sides of each individual container on the pallet (see, e.g., the labels shown in FIG. 1). The labeling systems of the present invention may also be configured to apply labeling to individual containers in other regular arrangements of containers (e.g., stacks arranged in 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, etc.).

(25) Although containers may be stacked in regular arrangements, several other patterns of stacked containers that may be utilized for shipping and storage. In some examples, there may be uniform stacks of containers, but they may not be arranged in regular rows (herein referred to as irregular arrangements). For example, FIG. 2 shows uniform stacks grouped together without a consistent row pattern in arrangement 20. Each of the stacks has ten containers, but two of the stacks are turned 90 relatively to the other three stacks (13+12). The arrow in FIG. 2 indicates the direction by which the pallet may be passed through an exemplary labeling system. It can be seen that the stacks of containers on each side of the pallet must be addressed differently in order to apply labels to the containers at a consistent position on each container. Embodiments of the present invention are capable of applying labels to various irregular arrangement of container columns (e.g., 13+12, 22+1, 23+12, etc.). Various embodiments of the present invention are configured to apply labels to such irregular arrangements of containers (e.g., three-sided or four-sided labeling systems).

(26) The present invention may also be configured to apply labels to irregular container arrangements that do not have uniform stacks of containers. Sometimes containers may be stacked in nested patterns that do not include uniform stacks, as illustrated in FIG. 3 (herein referred to as nested arrangements). It is to be appreciated that embodiments of the invention are capable of automatically labeling such nested arrangements of containers. In most situations where irregular stacking of containers occurs, the method and manner of such stacking is known in advance, so the positions of the containers are also known (e.g., containers may have a given offset from each other in adjacent rows, much like bricks are offset in different tiers of a wall). In these situations, the positions may be provided in the pre-loaded reference data to the processing unit, which will cause the exemplary labeling devices and/or pallet conveyors to move according to the known positions of the containers in order to efficiently label them.

(27) For example and without limitation, FIG. 3 shows containers on a pallet stacked in an offset, nested manner, such that containers on alternating tiers are uniformly offset from each other (akin to bricks on a wall). In some nested arrangements, the containers may be stacked around the perimeter of the arrangement (e.g., the edge of the pallet), with no containers present on the interior of the arrangement. When the leading edge of such containers on a pallet reaches the labeling station, the applicator system may travel in a vertical direction, but only applying labels to every other container. Once this is accomplished, instead of advancing the distance of a full container length, the conveyor (or the applicator system) may be advanced horizontally only half of this distance before stopping again. At this point, the applicator system again travels in a vertical direction, this time applying labels to the containers that were skipped in the first pass of the applicator. Once the second set of labeling is accomplished, the conveyor (or the applicator system) again advances horizontally only half the distance of a full container length before stopping, at which point the applicator system again applies labels to every other container, and so on.

(28) It is to be appreciated that the exemplary embodiments of the present invention are capable of providing labeling on non-uniformly stacked containers by adjusting the horizontal and vertical positioning of the applicator system(s) according to the expected positions of the containers. In those situations where the positions of the containers are not uniform, or not in an expected arrangement, an operator may input the positions into the system, which has programming to efficiently move the conveyors and/or applicator systems in order to label each such container.

(29) Exemplary Labeling Systems and Methods of Use

(30) Referring to the drawings of the exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 4-15, wherein like reference characters designate like or corresponding parts throughout the several views, it is seen that these embodiments include a labeling system for applying labels or directly printed characters to exterior surface(s) of containers grouped together in multiple stacks.

(31) In the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 4, an exemplary labeling system 100 includes two oppositely positioned applicator systems 100a and 100b, each having the same or similar components and elements therein. In the interest of simplicity and brevity, the components and elements of the applicator systems 100a and 100b will be described collectively without reference to the a and b designations present in the figures. Each of the exemplary applicator systems illustrated in FIG. 4 includes a support frame 101 having a vertical support member 102. The support frame 101 is positioned in proximity to a horizontal conveyor 120, upon which a regular, irregular, nested, or other arrangement of containers may be placed. The vertical support member 102 has a vertical track 103 and a conveying mechanism that includes a drive element 106 (e.g., a chain, a belt, a ball screw, piston, or other flexible or positive drive mechanism) that is engaged with a vertical track motor 105 for driving the movement of the drive element 106. The vertical track motor 105 may be various kinds of motors (such as an AC motor, a servo motor, etc.). A carriage 104 is connected to the drive element 106 and is guided by vertical track 103. The carriage 104 supports an applicator 110, which may include features configured to print and/or apply labels (e.g., adhesive labels) to containers in various positions, and/or print information directly on an exterior surface of a container.

(32) In some implementations, it is preferred that the vertical track motor 105 be a servo motor having an encoder, which allows precise control of the movement of the conveying system and precise positioning of the carriage 104 and the applicator system 110. The use of a servo motor to drive the conveying mechanism 106 may allow for more reliable placement of labels or printed information on the containers.

(33) The horizontal conveyor 120 of the embodiment of FIG. 4 may be motorized and enabled to advance the containers along the conveyor 120 toward the applicator systems 100a and 100b. The conveyor may have one or more motors 121 driving the conveyor system, which is shown to be a roller conveyor in FIG. 4, but may include another kind of conveyor in other implementations (e.g., a belt conveyor). In some implementations, and without limitation, the conveyor motors 121 may be basic AC motors. In such implementations, there may be multiple position sensors 122a, 122b, 122c, and 122d. The position sensors may be any of various kinds of position sensors, such as simple photosensors. The position sensors 122a, 122b, 122c, and 122d may be positioned along the conveyor 120 at various stopping points for the grouped stacks of containers along the conveyor 120. These stopping points are determined based on a particular arrangement of the grouped stacks of containers. For example, and without limitation, a regular arrangement of grouped stacks of containers may be an arrangement that is two stacks wide and two or more stacks long (e.g., 22, 23, and other various arrangements) on the conveyor 120. In such an arrangement, the position sensor 122a may be at a first stopping point for the grouped stacks of container, positioning the first, leading stacks of containers adjacent to applicator systems 110a and 110b; the position sensor 122b may be at a second stopping point, positioning the second stack of containers adjacent to the applicators 110a and 110b; the position sensor 122c may be at a third stopping point, positioning the third stack of containers adjacent to the applicator systems 110a and 110b; and the position sensor 122d may be at a third stopping point, positioning the third stack of containers adjacent to the applicator system 110. It is to be appreciated that more or fewer sensors 122 may be provided in other embodiments to allow for positioning more or fewer stacks of containers. It is also to be appreciated that the positions of sensors 122 may be uniform or non-uniform, depending on the position(s) of the containers (often dictated by container size/width) expected to be in the stacks on the conveyor. It is to be further appreciated that the positions of the sensors may be automatically or manually adjustable to compensate for different container arrangements that may be sent through the same system.

(34) In other implementations, and without limitation, the conveyor motors 121 may be servo motors, motors with encoders, or the like which allow precise control over the movement and position of an arrangement of containers along the conveyor. In such implementations, the position(s) of exemplary sensors 122a, 122b, 122c, and 122d may not be necessary. It is to be understood that the applicator systems 100a and 100b may be arranged along the conveyor 120 such that the applicators 110a and 110b are aligned. However, in alternative implementations, and without limitation, the applicator systems 110a and 110b may be offset from one another (e.g., where a target label position for containers adjacent to applicator 110a may be at a front end of a container, whereas a target label position for containers adjacent to applicator 110b may be at a back end of a container).

(35) FIG. 5 shows an exemplary applicator system 210 of a labeling system (e.g., like the exemplary labeling system of FIG. 4). The applicator system 210 is mounted on a moveable carriage 204, which is guided by a vertical track (not shown) running vertically along vertical member 202. The applicator system 210 is positioned adjacent to grouped stacks of containers 230. The applicator system 210 may include several features, including a label spool 211 for providing labels (e.g., adhesive labels), a printer 212 (if necessary) for printing information on the labels, an actuator arm 213, and a label pad 214 for applying labels to the containers in the grouped stacks of containers 230. The labels may be fed through printer 212 (or, in embodiments that do not include a printer, by a drive wheel) from the spool 211, and then positioned in front of the label pad 214 where they are contacted and collected by the label pad 214. The label pad 214 may have holes or bores therein connected via tubing to a vacuum source, allowing the label pad 214 to apply vacuum pressure to the label and hold it in place. Once the label is positioned and held fast on the label pad 214, the actuator arm may be activated to extend the label pad 214 toward a container in the grouped stacks of containers 230 to apply the label to the container. In some implementations, and without limitation, the label pad 214 may have a pivoting head to accommodate irregularities in the surface of a container or a stack of containers that is not positioned perfectly parallel to the face of the label pad 214 (e.g., the stack of containers is on a skewed pallet).

(36) In some implementations, and without limitation, the applicator system 210 may include a photosensor or other position sensor 215 to detect a leading edge of the grouped stacks of containers 230. In such implementations, the position sensor 215 may be in electronic communication with a processing unit that sends an electronic signal to stop a conveyor on which the grouped stacks of containers 230 is located in response to a signal from position sensor 215. Such a signal may be sent when a leading edge of the grouped stacks of containers 230 is reaches and trips the position sensor 215. In further implementations, the applicator system 210 may include a camera 216 for identifying a target location on a surface of a container for the application of a label. The target may comprise various marking that can be identified by the camera sensor.

(37) In other implementations, and without limitation, the applicator system may include a printer head (e.g., an inkjet print head) or printer (e.g., an inkjet printer) mounted on an actuator arm. In such implementations, the printer head or printer may be able to move in one (e.g., in the horizontal) or two dimensions (e.g., in the vertical and horizontal) along a surface of a container to print one or more lines of text directly on the container.

(38) FIGS. 6a-6d illustrate an embodiment of the invention that includes a direct printing system 310. The printing system 310 may be part of an applicator system that includes a vertical support member 302, a vertical track 303, a carriage 304, a conveyor 306 and a vertical track motor 305, which may be similar to corresponding elements of the applicator systems 100a and 100b described above. The printer system 310 may be mounted on the carriage 304, allowing it to move up and down with the carriage 304 along the vertical track 303. The printer system 310 may include a printer track 311 on which a printer head 314 (e.g., an inkjet print head) may be movably mounted. A motor 312 may be connected to the printer head 314 to drive the movement of the printer head 314 along the track 311. The motor may be a stepper motor or other appropriate device that employs a drive element such as a belt, a chain, or other drive element to move the print head 314 along the track 311. The printing system may be located adjacent to a conveyor 320, allowing stacks of containers (e.g., grouped stacks of containers 330) to be positioned in proximity of the printer head 314 to allow printer head 314 to print directly on the containers. As shown in FIG. 6a, a position sensor 321 may be located at a stopping point for a grouping of containers, and may send a signal to a processing unit when it is tripped by the grouped containers 330.

(39) As shown in FIG. 6b, the printing system 310 may include an actuator arm 313 attached to the printer track 311 configured to extend the printer head 314 outward toward the containers 330, allowing the printer head to print directly on target positions on each of the containers. The actuator arm 313 may include, without limitation, a linear actuator, which may be a hydraulic, pneumatic, electromechanical, or other type of linear actuator. The printer head 314 may be outfitted with rollers 315 for contacting the adjacent surface of containers 330, to allow the spacing between the printer head 314 and the containers. The rollers 315 may also allow the printer head 314 to smoothly roll along the surface of a container as it prints. FIG. 6b shows only two rollers 315, but the printer head 314 may be outfitted with 3 or more rollers in other implementations (e.g., implementations in which the printer head 314 is configured to pivot).

(40) In some implementations, and without limitation, the actuator arm 313 extends the printer head 314 out from the printer track 311 toward the containers 330, as shown in FIGS. 6c-6d. The rollers 315 contact the proximate surface of the containers 330 placing the printer head 314 at a functional printing distance. In other implementations, and without limitation, the actuator arm 313 may extend the entire printer system 310 out from the carriage 304. The actuator arm 313 may also include a biasing system (e.g., without limitation, a compressible spring, or other mechanical buffer) that urges the printer head 314 to be extended outward, but which allows the printer head 314 to move in and out at varying distances. For example, and without limitation, the palletized or otherwise grouped stacks of containers may not always be loaded onto the conveyor (e.g., conveyor 320) in the same orientation (e.g., the distance between the containers 330 and the printer system 310 may vary), and the biasing system may provide leeway in accommodating containers at varying distances from the printer system. In other implementations, and without limitation, the actuator arm 313 may include a sensor to detect a distance between the printer head 314 and the containers 330, where the actuator arm 313 is configured to be extended at a controlled, variable distance depending on the position of the containers 330. In such implementations, the actuating mechanism of the actuator arm may be a servo or other AC motor controlled by a processing unit. Additionally, the printer head may be configured to pivot to accommodate containers that are skewed relative to the conveyor and the printer system.

(41) As mentioned above, embodiments of the labeling systems of the present invention may also include a processing unit that may be in electronic communication with the various other components and elements of the labeling system. The processing unit may be a programmable logic controller or other computing device having software adapted to control the various elements of the labeling system. The processing unit may be in electronic communication with the motors driving the conveyor (e.g., motors 121), the conveyor mechanisms of the vertical track (e.g., motors 105a, 105b), and the motors with the applicator (e.g., the actuator arm, and the stepper motors or other types of motors driving the printer, and/or the motors driving the label feeder). The processing unit may also be in communication with various sensors within the labeling system, including position sensors (e.g., position sensors 122a, 122b, 122c, 122d, and 215), encoders associated with various motors within the labeling system (e.g., encoders associated with vertical track motor 105, conveyor motors 121, and printer motors for positioning a print head), and cameras for identifying label or printing targets (e.g., camera 216). The data received from the various sensors may allow the processing unit to coordinate the movement of the stacked containers along the conveyor and the action of the applicator system such that the labels and/or directly printed information may be applied to the correct position on each of the containers in a grouped stacks of containers that is passed through the labeling system.

(42) Embodiments of the processing unit may include an internal memory for storing various pre-loaded reference data describing one or more of the possible regular, irregular, nested, or other arrangements of the stacked containers (e.g., 22, 23, 24, 13+12, nested etc.). Such pre-loaded reference data may include the size of the individual containers (size data), the particular arrangement of the containers including the number of containers and the pattern in which they are arranged, such as regular arrangement of multiple stacks of containers or a nested arrangement (grouping data), and the location(s) on each individual container where a label and/or printed information should be applied to the container (label position data). The internal memory may be configured to store pre-loaded reference data for several different arrangements of containers that may vary in container size, container arrangement, and target label positions (i.e., different size data, grouping data, and label position data). The processing unit may include a look-up table for selecting the appropriate pre-loaded reference data for a grouping of container stacks loaded on the conveyor of the labeling system.

(43) The processing unit may be capable of controlling the labeling system, including multiple applicator systems (e.g., applicator systems 100a and 100b), to automatically apply a label to or printing information directly on each individual container in multiple arrangements of containers based on the pre-loaded reference data that corresponds to the particular arrangement of the stacked containers (e.g., regular, irregular, nested, and other arrangements). Such a processing unit can use the position data regarding the group of stacked containers provided to it by position sensors (e.g., position sensors 122a, 122b, 122c, and 122d) and/or encoders (e.g., encoders associated with conveyor motors 121) and position data regarding the applicator systems (e.g., 110a and 110b) provided to it by position sensors (e.g., position sensors 215, cameras 216) and/or encoders (e.g., encoders associated with the vertical track motors 105, actuator arms 213, and encoders associated with printer heads 314 in direct printing embodiments) to coordinate (1) control of the conveyor motors to position the leading stack of containers in front of the applicator systems, (2) control of the vertical track motors to position the applicator systems at label targets of a first container in a stack, (3) to print and/or apply labels (e.g., apply pre-printed labels, print and apply labels, or directly print information onto the containers) on the target locations on the first containers, (4) sequentially move up or down (or from side to side) along the stacks of containers to each container in the stack and apply labels to each container at the label target locations, (5) move the grouped containers along the conveyor a pre-determined distance based on the pre-loaded reference data, (6) repeat steps 2-5 until the last containers are labeled, and (7) move the grouped stacks of containers along the conveyor away from the applicator systems.

(44) Embodiments of labeling systems of the present invention may include a human interface device (e.g., a touchscreen; a combination of a keyboard, mouse, and a video monitor, etc.) for inputting information into the processing unit, such as selecting an appropriate pre-loaded reference data. Such a human interface device may allow a human operator to select pre-loaded reference data from a look-up table that can be viewed and accessed on a display. The human interface device may also allow for manually overriding the system to change various aspects of its operation. For example, and without limitation, an operator may opt out of an automatic container labeling protocol to place one or more additional label(s) on one or more containers, or to apply a general label on a pallet of containers. The operator may also customize information to be included on the label or to be printed directly on the containers through the interface device.

(45) FIGS. 7a and 7b show snapshots of the operation of a labeling system according to an embodiment of the present invention (e.g., labeling system 100 shown in FIG. 4 or a single-sided system such as that shown in FIG. 10). In FIGS. 7a and 7b, three pallets 431, 432, and 433 each having a 24 regular arrangement of stacks of 10 containers thereon are present on conveyor 420. Pallet 431 is shown to have already passed between the applicator systems 400a and 400b, with each of the eighty containers on pallet 431 having received an individual label from the illustrated labeling systems. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 7a and 7b, there are position sensors 422a, 442b, 422c, and 422d positioned at stopping points along the conveyor 420 near the applicator systems 400a and 400b. Each of the pallets has four side-by-side rows of two stacks of containers. In operation, as a front edge of a pallet arrives at the first position sensor 422a, the sensor 422a is tripped and sends a signal to the processing unit, which in response stops the conveyor motors to thereby hold the leading row of containers on the pallet aligned with the applicator systems 400a and 400b, such that one stack of containers of this row (e.g., a left stack) is situated in front of applicator system 400a and the other stack of containers of this row (e.g., the right stack) is situated in front of applicator system 400b. The applicator systems 400a and 400b may then begin applying labels (or directly printing) onto each container in the leading row of containers on the pallet.

(46) In continued operation, after the leading row of containers has been labeled by the embodiment of FIGS. 7a-7b, the processing unit causes conveyor motors move the pallet until the second sensor 422b is triggered. At this point, the motor is stopped again, and the second row of container stacks on the pallet is now aligned with applicator systems 400a and 400b. The applicator systems 400a and 400b may then begin to print and/or apply labels onto each container in the stacks of the second row of containers on the pallet. It is to be appreciated that for purposes of efficiency, if labeling the first row of container stacks caused carriages 404a and 404b to move from top to bottom, then labeling of the next row may cause carriages 404a and 404b to move from bottom to top, which is illustrated in the center pallet of FIG. 7a. After the second row of containers has been labeled, the conveyor motors move the next row into position, labels are applied, and so on, until all rows have been labeled.

(47) In some implementations, each of the applicator systems 400a and 400b may have a starting position that aligns the applicators 410a and 410b with a bottom container in the adjacent stack of containers. The vertical track motors 405a and 405b may then move the applicators vertically in a sequential manner such that each applicator moves to the next container as it completes the application of a label to the target location of the container with which it is engaged. The movement of the applicators is controlled by the processing unit. The processing unit controls the horizontal movement of the conveyor, the vertical movement of carriage, and the movement of the various components of the applicator based on the pre-loaded reference data that corresponds to the particular pallet it's labeling. Before a pallet is advanced to the applicators of the labeling system, a pre-loaded reference data may be selected in the processing unit. The pre-loaded reference data may be selected by an operator of the system (e.g., without limitation, through the human interface). After the pre-loaded reference data corresponding to the pallets is selected, the pallets are advanced along the conveyor. Once the position sensor 422a is tripped by a pallet, the processing unit may control the vertical track motor to move the applicator into a starting position, if it is not already in starting position (in other embodiments, the applicator may be moved into starting position immediately after finishing labeling a previous stack of containers). Subsequently, the processing unit may direct the motors within the applicator unit controlling the various components thereof to (1) feed a blank label into the printer, (2) print specific information on the label that may be unique to the individual container, (3) issue the printed label from the printer in a position in front of the label pad, (4) attach the label pad to the printed label, (5) extend the label pad outward toward the container by extension of the actuator arm to thereby attach the label to the target location on the container, (6) disengage the label pad from the container and the label (e.g., release vacuum pressure on the label), and (7) retract the actuator arm.

(48) In many embodiments, once a label has been applied to a container, the processing unit directs the vertical track motor to move the carriage up a precise distance (e.g., equal to the height of one of the containers) based on the size data included in the pre-loaded reference data. The processing unit advances the applicator vertically a set number of times based on the number of containers indicated in the grouping data included in the pre-loaded reference data. When the applicator reaches the last (e.g. top or bottom) container in a stack, the processing unit may direct the vertical track motor to return the carriage and applicator to starting position. In some embodiments, the carriage is not returned to the starting position, but remains in place awaiting arrival of the next stack of containers, at which point labeling of the containers is accomplished in the opposite direction (e.g., from bottom to top). In some implementations, and without limitation, the grouping data of the pre-loaded reference data indicates the number of containers in a stack, and the number of stacks, and thus the grouping data prompts the processing unit to return the carriage to starting position once a label is applied to the last container. In other embodiments, the applicator may have a sensor thereon that is tripped when there is no container in front of the applicator, and thereby signals the processing unit that it has reached the end of the stack, and the processing unit, in turn, returns the carriage to starting position.

(49) Referring to FIGS. 7a7b, after the applicators finish applying labels to the first row of containers, the processing unit directs the conveyor motors to activate and move the pallet(s) forward along the conveyor. When the leading edge of the pallet reaches position sensor 422b, the position sensor 422b is tripped and sends a signal to the processing unit, which in turn sends a signal to the conveyor motors to stop and hold the pallets in their current positions, placing the second row of container stacks in front of the applicators. FIG. 7a shows this stage of the process, where the leading edge of pallet 432 is positioned at the second position sensor 422b, and the second row of container stacks on pallet 432 is in front of applicators 410a and 410b. The processing unit then directs the applicator systems 400a and 400b to sequentially apply labels to each individual container as described above. Position sensors 422c and 422d are present to provide stopping points for the pallet to facilitate application of labels to the containers in the third and fourth rows of container stacks, respectively. FIG. 7b shows the applicator 410a positioned in front of the third row of container stacks on pallet 432, and applying labels to the containers in the stack. Once the last row of container stacks is labeled, the pallet is moved out of the labeling station and down the conveyor 420.

(50) The conveyors (e.g., conveyor 120, 420, etc.) of the present invention may be segmented, having separate motors driving different portions of the conveyor (as shown in FIG. 4, which includes multiple motors 121). For example, and without limitation, FIG. 7b shows three separate segments 450, 451, and 452 of conveyor 420, each of which is driven by a separate motor(s). In some implementations, additional sensors may be present along the conveyor for additional stopping points for the pallets for each of these segments. As shown in FIG. 7b, there may be additional position sensors 423a and 423b, which, when tripped, signal the processing unit to stop the operation of motors driving sections 450 and 452, respectively.

(51) In other implementations, and without limitation, the conveyors may be driven by servo motors or other motors (e.g. with encoders) that are capable of precise position control without the need for additional sensors (e.g., sensors 422a,b,c,d and sensors 423a,b). In such implementations, the motors associated with the conveyors may provide precise data regarding the rotational movement of the motor, allowing the processing unit to calculate the position of each pallet along a conveyor with precision. In such implementations, there may be a position sensor on the applicator system that signals to the processing unit when a front edge of a pallet has arrived at the labeling station. No further sensors may be required to control the movement of the pallet, since the servo motors of the conveyor provide precise position data and facilitate precise control of the position of the pallets.

(52) As discussed herein, in some embodiments, the labeling system of the present invention may include a printer head that may print directly onto surfaces of containers. As shown in FIG. 8, the labeling system of the present invention may include applicator systems 500a and 500b, each of which includes a printer without a label applicator (e.g., a printer system), allowing the identification information for the containers to be directly printed on the containers. In the interest of simplicity and brevity, the components and elements of the applicator systems 500a and 500b will be described collectively without reference to the a and b designations present in FIG. 8. The applicator 510 may include a printer track 511, a printer head 514 mounted on the printer track 511 via a printer carriage, a printer motor 512 for moving the printer head 514 along the printer track 511, and actuator arm (not shown, see FIGS. 6a-6d as an example) attached to the printer track 511 configured to extend the printer head 514 outward toward the containers on the pallet 532, allowing the printer head 514 to print directly on target positions on each of the containers.

(53) In such embodiments, without limitation, the pallet may be parked at the applicator station at a single position, and the printer head 514 can reach each container in the stack without the need to advance the pallet through the applicator station in a sequential (e.g., row-by-row) manner. The printer track 511 may be sufficiently wide to reach each container on the adjacent side of the pallet 532. The processing unit may be in electronic communication with the printer motor 512, allowing the processing unit to direct the horizontal position of the printer head 514 according to the pre-loaded reference data corresponding to pallet 532. Additionally, in implementations where the pallets need be parked at only a single position in front of the applicators, fewer position sensors may be needed along the conveyor 520. For example, and without limitation, FIG. 8 shows a conveyor having only a single position sensor 522b in the labeling station. Sensor 522b may be positioned at a such that when a leading edge of the pallet trips the sensor and signals the conveyor 520 to stop, the pallet is in a position that allows the printer head 514 to reach each stack of containers on the adjacent side of the pallet. The sensors 522a and 522c may be positioned at stopping points on other segments of the conveyor 520. In other implementations, and without limitation, the labeling system may include an applicator that includes a printer system like the one shown in FIG. 8, but where the conveyor is motorized by servo motors or other motors that are capable of precisely controlling motion without the need for additional sensors. In still other implementations, and without limitation, the applicator may include a printer system, and the conveyor may have multiple position sensors in the labeling station to facilitate a stepwise, row-by-row movement of the pallet through the labeling station as described above in reference to embodiments like that shown in FIGS. 7a-7b.

(54) FIG. 9 shows an alternative embodiment of the applicator system. The exemplary embodiment of a labeling system according to invention shown in FIG. 9 shows a system that includes much of the same features that are included in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4. In the interest of simplicity and brevity, the components and elements of the applicator systems 600a and 600b will be described collectively without reference to the a and b designations present in FIG. 9. Each of the applicator systems 600a and 600b include a support frame 601 having a vertical support member 602, a vertical track 603 engaged with a vertical track motor 605, and a carriage 604 supporting an applicator 610, which may include features configured to apply (and optionally print) labels to or directly print on containers in various positions. However, in such embodiments, the horizontal positioning of the applicator system is not accomplished by movement of the conveyor 620. Rather, the support frame 601 includes a horizontal track 640 with which vertical support member 602 is engaged. The horizontal track 640 has a conveying mechanism that includes a drive element (e.g., a chain, a belt, a ball screw, or other flexible or positive drive element) that is engaged with a horizontal track motor 641 for driving the movement of the drive element. The horizontal track motor 641 may be various kinds of motors such as an AC motor, a servo motor, etc.). The horizontal track 640 may be sufficiently wide to position the vertical support member 602 and the applicator system 610 in front of each container stack in a pallet parked at the labeling station without the need to advance the pallet in the labeling station.

(55) In the illustrated exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9, the processing unit may be in electronic communication with the horizontal track motor 641, allowing the processing unit to direct the horizontal position of the vertical support member 602 along the horizontal track 640 according to the pre-loaded reference data corresponding to the pallet or grouped stacks of containers to be labeled. Additionally, in such embodiments, fewer position sensors may be needed along the conveyor 620 because the pallet need be parked at only a single position in front of the applicators 610a and 610b. For example, and without limitation, FIG. 9 shows a conveyor having only a single position sensor 622b in the applicator station. Sensor 622b may be positioned at a such that when a leading edge of the pallet trips the sensor and signals the conveyor 620 to stop, the pallet is in a position that allows the applicators 610a and 610b to reach each stack of containers on the side of the pallet adjacent thereto. The sensors 622a and 622c may be positioned at stopping points on other segments of the conveyor 620. In other implementations, and without limitation, the labeling system may include an applicator that includes a printer system, but without the need for a printer track. In such implementations, printer heads may be mounted on actuator arms that are directly on the carriages (e.g., carriages 604a and 604b). The horizontal movement of the vertical support members 602a and 602b under the control of the processing unit may be sufficiently precisely controlled to directly print information on target locations of each of the containers on a pallet.

(56) The present invention also encompasses embodiments of single-sided labeling stations (having one applicator system) that can be used in a number of applications. For example, and without limitation, single-sided applicator systems may be used for grouped stacks of containers that include a single lateral row of containers (e.g., 12, 13, 14, etc.), or to provide labeling on containers on only one side of a group of containers. FIG. 10 shows an exemplary labeling system 700 having a single applicator system.

(57) The components of the exemplary single-side applicator system shown in FIG. 10 are the same or similar to the components of the applicator system 100 of FIG. 4. The labeling system 700 works in much the same way as the labeling system 100 in FIG. 4, but is limited to the capability of labeling or printing on a single side of the pallet or group of containers at a time. In particular, the exemplary applicator system illustrated in FIG. 10 includes a support frame 701 having a vertical support member 702. The support frame 701 is positioned in proximity to a horizontal conveyor 720, upon which a grouping of container stacks may be placed. The vertical support member 702 has a vertical track 703, which guides a conveying mechanism that includes a drive element (e.g., a chain, a belt, a ball screw, piston, or other flexible or positive drive element) that is engaged with a motor 705 for driving the movement of the drive element 706. The vertical track motor 705 may be various kinds of motors (such as an AC motor, a servo motor, etc.). A carriage 704 is connected to the drive element and is guided by vertical track 703. The carriage 704 supports an applicator 710, which may include features configured to print and/or apply labels (e.g., adhesive labels) to containers in various positions, and/or print information directly on an exterior surface of a container.

(58) As with other embodiments of the invention, in some implementations, it is preferred that the vertical track motor 705 be a servo motor having an encoder, which allows precise control of the movement of the conveying system and precise positioning of the carriage 704 and the applicator system 710. The use of a servo motor to drive the conveying mechanism 706 may allow for more reliable placement of labels or printed information on the containers. The horizontal conveyor 720 of the embodiment of FIG. 10 may be motorized and enabled to advance arrangement of containers along the conveyor 720 toward the applicator system 700. The conveyor may have one or more motors 721 driving the conveyor system, which is shown to be a roller conveyor in FIG. 10, but may include another kind of conveyor in other implementations (e.g., a belt conveyor). In some implementations, and without limitation, the conveyor motors 721 may be basic AC motors. In such implementations, there may be multiple position sensors 722a, 722b, 722c, and 722d. The position sensors may be any of various kinds of position sensors, such as simple photosensors. The position sensors 722a, 722b, 722c, and 722d may be positioned along the conveyor 720 at various stopping points for the grouped stacks of containers along the conveyor 720. These stopping points are determined based on a particular arrangement of the containers (e.g., regular, irregular, nested, or other arrangement). For example, and without limitation, the grouped stacks of containers may include a regular arrangement of containers that is two stacks wide and two or more stacks long (e.g., 22, 23, and other regular arrangements) on the conveyor 720. In such an arrangement, the position sensor 722a may be at a first stopping point for the grouped stacks of container, positioning the first stack of containers adjacent to applicator system 710; the position sensor 722b may be at a second stopping point, positioning the second stack of containers adjacent to the applicator 710; the position sensor 722c may be at a third stopping point, positioning the third stack of containers adjacent to the applicator system 710; and the position sensor 722d may be at a fourth stopping point, positioning the fourth stack of containers adjacent to the applicator system 710. It is to be appreciated that more or fewer sensors 722 may be provided in other embodiments to allow for positioning more or fewer stacks of containers. It is also to be appreciated that the positions of sensors 722 may be uniform or non-uniform, depending on the position(s) of the containers (often dictated by container size/width) expected to be in the stacks on the conveyor. It is to be appreciated that the positions of the sensors may be automatically or manually adjustable to compensate for different container arrangements that may be sent through the same system. It is to be further appreciated that in some embodiments of single-sided labeling systems, the conveyor motors 721 may be servo motors allowing precise control over the movement and position of a group of stacked containers along the conveyor. In such implementations, the position(s) of exemplary sensors 722a, 722b, 722c, and 722d may not be necessary.

(59) The applicator 710 may include a label printer and applicator like that described above in reference to FIG. 5. Alternatively, the applicator 710 may include a printer capable of directly printing on containers, like the printer described above in reference to FIGS. 6a-6d. All of the motors (e.g., motors 705, 721, and the motors included in the applicator 710) and the encoders that may be associated with the motors, as well as all of the sensors (e.g., sensors 722a, 722b, 722c, and 722d, and the sensors included in the applicator 710), may be in electronic communication with a processing unit as discussed above in reference to other figures. The processing unit may be a programmable logic controller or other computing device having software adapted to control the various elements of the labeling system. The data received from the various sensors may allow the processing unit to coordinate the movement of the stacked containers along the conveyor and the action of the applicator system according to a pre-loaded reference data such that the labels and/or directly printed information may be applied to the correct position on each of the containers.

(60) The operation of the single-sided embodiment 700 of FIG. 10 is similar to that of embodiment 100 of FIG. 4, illustrated in FIGS. 7a-7b. As a front edge of a pallet arrives at the first position sensor 722a, the sensor 722a is triggered and sends a signal to a processing unit, which stops the conveyor motors thereby stopping lateral movement of the pallet. This causes a leading stack of containers on the pallet to be aligned with the applicator system 700, such that a stack of containers is situated in front of applicator system 700. The applicator system 700 then applies labels (or directly printing) onto each container in the aligned stack of containers on the pallet. In continued operation, after the leading stack of containers has been labeled, the processing unit causes conveyor motors move the pallet until the second sensor 722b is triggered. At this point, the motor is stopped again, and a second stack of containers on the pallet is now aligned with applicator system 700. The applicator system 700 then begin applying labels (or directly printing) onto each container in the second stack of containers on the pallet. It is to be appreciated that for purposes of efficiency, if labeling the first row of containers caused carriage 704 to move from top to bottom, then labeling of the next row may cause carriage 704 to move from bottom to top (such as the illustration of the center pallet of FIG. 7a). After the second stack of containers has been labeled, the conveyor motors move the next stack into position, labels are applied, and so on, until one side of all stacks on the pallet have been labeled.

(61) In some embodiments, and without limitation, a single-sided labeling system may include both horizontal and vertical tracks for positioning an applicator. FIG. 11 shows an exemplary labeling system 800 that includes much of the same features that are included in the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 9. In the interest of simplicity and brevity, the components and elements of the labeling system 800 will not be fully described. The components and elements of labeling system 800 correspond to elements and components of FIG. 9 that have similar reference numbers (e.g., reference number 602 in FIG. 9 corresponds to reference number 802 in FIG. 11 for the vertical support member, etc.). The applicator system 800 includes a support frame 801 having a vertical support member 802, a vertical track 803 engaged with a vertical track motor 805, and a carriage 804 supporting an applicator 810, which may include features configured to print and apply labels to or directly print on containers in various positions. In such embodiments, the horizontal positioning of the applicator system may be accomplished by movement of the vertical support member 802. A horizontal track motor 841 may be configured to drive the movement of vertical support member 802 along horizontal track 840 under the control of the processing unit.

(62) FIG. 12 shows a further variation of a single-sided labeling system. The exemplary labeling system 900 includes a turn table 960 positioned at the labeling station, and an optional conveyor 920. The turn table 960 may enable a single-sided labeling system to label each container in a regular arrangement that includes 2 or more lateral rows of stacks (e.g., configurations such as 22, 23, 24, 33, 34, etc.), an irregular arrangement (e.g., 13+12, 23+12, etc.), a nested arrangement, or other arrangement. The pallet 932 (or group of container stacks) may be moved adjacent to the labeling system on a turn table 960. This may be accomplished, as illustrated, using a conveyor 920. The applicator system 901 may then proceed with labeling each container on the adjacent side of the pallet 932 according to a pre-loaded reference data stored in an internal memory of the processing unit and corresponding to the arrangement of containers on pallet 932. Once the applicator system 901 has completed labeling each of the containers on the first side, the turn table may be rotated 90 or 180 in either rotational direction to place a second side in front of the applicator system 910. Thus, the turn table 960 may enable the single applicator system 910 to access each container on the pallet 932 and apply labels to each of the containers. The turn table 960 may be in communication with an AC motor, servo motor, or other motor type capable of reliably and precisely rotating the turn table in specific angular distances. In implementations in which the motor is not a servo motor, there may additionally be encoder associated with the motor. The motor connected to the turn table 960 (and the associated encoder) may be in electronic communication with the processing unit of the labeling system.

(63) In use, when the processing unit of the embodiment of FIG. 12 has finished directing the applicator system to apply labels or printing to the containers on one side of a pallet based on the pre-loaded reference data corresponding to the pattern of containers on the pallet, the processing unit may direct the motor associated with the turn table 960 to rotate the turn table a specific rotational distance to thereby provide the applicator system 910 access to another side of the pallet. In such embodiments, the pre-loaded reference data may include instructions on how to rotate the turn table 960. For example, and without limitation, in cases where a pallet has two lateral rows of container stacks (e.g., configurations such as 22, 23, and 24), the pre-loaded reference data may include instructions to rotate the turn table 960 180 after the containers on the first side of the pallet are labeled. The pre-loaded reference data may also include instructions to move the pallet along the conveyor away from the labeling station after the containers on the opposite side of the pallet are labeled. In other cases, more than two sides of the pallet will need to be placed in front of the applicator system (e.g., for an irregular arrangement of containers). In such cases, the pre-loaded reference data may include instructions to rotate the turn table 960 90 after the containers of the first side are labeled, and then to rotate the turn table 960 90 again after the containers of the second side are labeled to thereby provide the applicator system with access to a third side of the pallet.

(64) The present invention encompasses further embodiments of the single-sided labeling system, include single-sided labeling systems that are stationary and that do not include a conveyor system. In such embodiments, the applicator system may have the capability to move the applicator in two dimensions (e.g., in an x-y pattern), such that each individual container that is exposed on one side of a pallet or grouping of containers can be labeled without the need to adjust a position of the pallet or arrangement of containers. In such embodiments, multiple sides of the pallet or grouping of containers may be positioned in front of the applicators system in the labeling station (e.g., by pallet jack or other separate conveying device) to allow other sides of the container and/or to allow the applicator to access other containers that are not exposed on the initially-labeled side of the pallet or grouping of containers.

(65) The present invention encompasses still further variations of the single-sided labeling system, including embodiments in which the applicator system is mobile (e.g., it sits on a cart). The cart may also optionally carry the human interface and the processing unit. In such embodiments, the conveyor system is unnecessary. The cart can be wheeled up to a palleted arrangement of containers or an otherwise grouped set of container stacks and apply labels and/or printing to a side of the containers. This embodiment allows the applicator system to be placed next to multiple sides of the pallet, enabling the labeling system to apply labels to each container in various arrangements of containers (e.g., regular arrangement of 22, 23, 24, 33, 34, irregular arrangements, nested arrangements, etc.). Various other embodiments of a single-sided labeling system are encompassed within the scope of the present invention as well.

(66) The present invention encompasses further embodiments of a labeling system that include a different support and frame system from the embodiments discussed above. In some embodiments, the labeling system may include a four-sided frame system that may sit over a conveyor, and a movable carriage mounted in the frame system that is configured to move along a vertical path above the conveyor system at the labeling station. The labeling systems that include a four-sided frame system may have many of the same or similar elements and components as the embodiments discussed above, and may incorporate those elements and components discussed above that are compatible with the four-sided frame system.

(67) FIG. 13a shows an exemplary labeling system 1000 having a four-sided frame 1002 that is positioned over conveyor 1020 at a labeling station. The four-sided frame may have vertical tracks running along the vertical corner posts thereof to accommodate the movement of a lift carriage 1070 mounted within the frame 1002. The lift carriage 1070 may be four-sided as well, and the corners thereof may be engaged with the vertical tracks within the vertical corner posts of the frame 1002. The lift carriage 1070 may be moved up and down along the vertical tracks by a lift system that includes lift elements 1071a, 1071b, 1071c, and 1071d (e.g., chains, belts, or other flexible, but non-stretchable device) attached to the lift carriage 1070, spools 1072a, 1072b, 1072c, and 1072d, axle 1074, and lift motor 1075 for driving the axle 1074. The lift system may be operable to move the lift carriage up and down with precise position control. The lift motor 1075 may be an AC motor, servo motor, or other motor type capable of reliably and precisely lifting or lowering the lift carriage 1070 in precise vertical distances. In implementations in which the lift motor 1075 is not a servo motor, there may additionally be encoder associated with the motor. The lift motor 1075 (and, optionally, one or more encoders associated with lift motor 1075) may be in electronic communication with a processing unit configured to control the operation of the lift motor 1075 and thereby control the movement of the lift carriage 1070. In alternative embodiments, the lift system may include multiple lift motors mounted on the sides of frame 1002 above or below the sides of the lift carriage 1070. In such embodiments, a drive element (e.g., a chain, a belt, a ball screw, or other flexible or positive drive element) may connect each lift motor to the lift carriage in a vertical relationship. In implementations that include multiple lift motors, the processing unit may be configured to coordinate the operation of the motors so that motors to do not get out of sync and consequently apply torsion or torqueing forces to the lift carriage 1070.

(68) The exemplary lift motor 1075 may be operable to spin axle 1074 in both rotational directions, allowing the lift motor 1075 to both lower and raise the lift carriage 1070. Spools 1072a, 1072b, 1072c, and 1072d for collecting and letting out the lift belts 1071a, 1071b, 1071c, and 1071d may be fixedly mounted on the axle 1074, so that the spools rotate the same rotational distance and direction as the axle 1074. The lift belts 1071a, 1071b, 1071c, and 1071d may be fixedly attached to the spools 1072a, 1072b, 1072c, and 1072d, respectively. The lift belts 1071a, 1071b, 1071c, and 1071d may be respectively routed over pulleys 1073a, 1073b, 1073c, and 1073d (pulleys 1073c and 1073d are obscured behind the frame 1002 in FIG. 13a), allowing the lift belts to have vertical paths down to the lift carriage 1070.

(69) The exemplary lift carriage may have four sides, each of which may be configured to have an applicator system mounted thereon. In the interest of simplicity and brevity, some of the components and elements of the applicator systems 1001a and 1001b will be described collectively without reference to the a and b designations present in the figures. In exemplary embodiment of FIG. 13a, the lift carriage 1070 is outfitted with two applicator systems 1001a and 1001b, positioned on opposing sides of the lift carriage 1070. Each of the applicator systems 1001a and 1001b includes a horizontal track 1003 and an applicator carriage 1004 mounted thereon (the applicator carriage 1004 is movably connected to the horizontal track 1003). A conveying mechanism may be coupled to the applicator carriage 1004 and a horizontal track motor 1005. The conveying mechanism may include a drive element 1006 such as a chain, a belt, a ball screw, or other flexible or positive drive element driven by the horizontal track motor 1005 connected thereto. The applicator carriage 1004 may be moved horizontally along the horizontal track 1003, allowing it to be positioned in front of multiple container stacks in group of container stacks (e.g., palleted container stacks).

(70) The exemplary applicator system 1010 mounted on the applicator carriage 1004 may include a label spool and applicator like that described above in reference to FIG. 5. The label spool may be loaded with pre-printed labels, requiring no information to be added to the label. In some implementations, the applicator system may also include a printer for printing information on the labels. Alternatively, the applicator system 1010 may include a printer capable of directly printing on containers, like the printer described above in reference to FIGS. 3a-3d.

(71) As mentioned above, the exemplary labeling system 1000 may also include a processing unit that may be in electronic connection with the various other components and elements of the labeling system. Such a processing unit may be a programmable logic controller or other computing device having software adapted to control the various elements of the labeling system. More specifically, the processing unit may be in electronic communication with the motors driving the conveyor 1020 (e.g., motors 1021), the horizontal track motors 1005a and 1005b, and the motors within the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b (e.g., an actuator arm, stepper motors or other types of motors driving the printer, and/or label feeder). The processing unit may also be in electronic communication with various sensors within the labeling system 1000, including position sensors (e.g., position sensors 1022a, 1022b, and 1022c), encoders associated with various motors within the labeling system (e.g., encoders associated with horizontal track motors 1005a and 1005b, conveyor motors 1021, and lift motor 1075), and cameras for identifying label or printing targets. The data received from the various sensors may allow the processing unit to coordinate the movement of the pallets 1031, 1032, and 1033 along the conveyor 1020, the vertical motion of the lift carriage 1070, and the horizontal motion of the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b.

(72) As discussed above, an exemplary processing unit may include an internal memory for storing various pre-loaded reference data describing one or more of the possible arrangements of container stacks (e.g., regular arrangements, irregular arrangements, nested arrangements, etc.) that are loaded on a pallet or are otherwise grouped together. The internal memory may be configured to store pre-loaded reference data for several different arrangements of containers that may vary in container size, container arrangement, and target label positions (i.e., different size data, grouping data, and label position data). The processing unit may include a look-up table for selecting the appropriate pre-loaded reference data for an arrangement of containers loaded on the conveyor of the labeling system. The pre-loaded reference data allows the processing unit to operate the various motors in the labeling system 1000 to direct the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b to automatically apply labels and/or directly print information to the correct position on each of the containers in the arrangement that is passed through the labeling system.

(73) The exemplary processing unit may use (1) position data regarding the containers on pallets 1031, 1032, and 1033 (or otherwise grouped stacks of containers) that are present on the conveyor 1020 that are provided to it by position sensors (e.g., position sensors 1022a, 1022b, and 1022c) and/or encoders (e.g., encoders associated with conveyor motors 1021) and (2) position data regarding the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b provided to it by position sensors (e.g., position sensors and/or cameras within the applicator systems) and/or encoders (e.g., encoders associated with the horizontal track motors 1005a and 1005b, and elements of the applicator systems, including actuator arms and encoders associated with printer heads, etc.) to coordinate the movement of the pallets 1031, 1032, and 1033, the lift carriage 1070, the applicator carriages 1004a and 1004b, and the various components of the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b.

(74) The exemplary labeling system 1000 may include a human interface device (e.g., a touchscreen; a combination of a keyboard, mouse, and a video monitor, etc.) for inputting information into the processing unit, such as selecting an appropriate pre-loaded reference data. The human interface device may allow a human operator to select pre-loaded reference data from a look-up table that can be viewed and accessed on a display. The human interface device may also allow for manually overriding the system to change various aspects of its operation.

(75) FIG. 13a shows a snapshot of the operation of the exemplary labeling system 1000. In FIG. 13a, three pallets 1031, 1032, and 1033 each having a 24 regular arrangement of stacks of 10 containers thereon are present on conveyor 1020. Pallet 431 is shown to have already passed through the labeling station and labels are affixed to each of the eighty containers thereon. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 13a, there are position sensors 1022a, 1022b, and 1022c positioned at stopping points along the conveyor 1020. As a front edge of a pallet arrives at the position sensor 1022b within the labeling station, the sensor 1022b is tripped and sends a signal to the processing unit, which in response stops the conveyor motors to thereby hold the pallet 1031 in the labeling station and in proximity to the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b. The applicator systems 1010a and 1010b may then begin applying labels (or directly printing) onto each container in the leading row of containers on the pallet.

(76) The exemplary lift carriage 1070 must be retracted away from the conveyor in order to allow a pallet to be admitted into the labeling station. FIG. 13b shows the lift carriage in the retracted position. The processing unit may direct the lift motor 1075 to retract the lift carriage 1070 to its highest position, once all the containers on a pallet have been labeled. The refraction of the lift carriage 1070 may allow the completed pallet (e.g., pallet 1031) to be conveyed out of the labeling station, and a new unlabeled pallet to be conveyed into the labeling station. Once the leading edge of the pallet trips the position sensor 1022b, the processing unit may direct the conveyor 1020 to stop and the lift carriage to be lowered into a start position. In some embodiments, the start position may be in alignment with the bottom containers on the pallet. The applicator carriage 1004 may also have a start position (e.g., aligned with a leading stack of containers on the pallet). As is suggested by the labeling pattern shown in 13a, the starting position may be at the lower most container in the leading container stack. However, the starting position may be at various positions, including at the top or bottom of a container stack, at the trailing container stack, etc.

(77) Once the exemplary applicators systems 1010a and 1010b are in their starting positions, the processing unit can direct the movement and labeling and/or printing function of the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b. The processing unit controls the vertical movement of the lift carriage 1070, the horizontal movement of the applicator carriages 1004a and 1004b, and the movement of the various components of the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b based on the pre-loaded reference data that corresponds to the particular pallet to be labeled. Before the containers on a pallet are labeled, a pre-loaded reference data may be selected from an internal memory in the processing unit. The pre-loaded reference data may be selected by an operator of the system (e.g., without limitation, through the human interface). Based on pre-loaded reference data that corresponds to the particular arrangement of containers on the pallet, the processing unit may direct the motors within the applicator unit to print and apply a label to the container with which it is engaged (or directly print onto the container).

(78) Once a label has been applied to a container, the exemplary processing unit directs the lift motor 1075 to move the lift carriage 1070 up a precise distance (e.g., equal to the height of one of the containers) based on the size data included in the pre-loaded reference data. As the carriage advances, the processing unit directs the applicator to apply a label at a set vertical position as instructed by the pre-loaded reference data. The processing unit advances the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b vertically (up or down) a set number of times based on the number of containers indicated in the grouping data included in the pre-loaded reference data. In some implementations (e.g., implementations in which the applicator is applying pre-printed labels), the applicator system can be advanced vertically through the stacked containers without stopping the carriage, the applicator arm is timed to apply a label and re-load a label on the fly as the carriage continues to move. In other implementations, the carriage may come to a brief stop (e.g., about 0.1 seconds to about 5 seconds, or any value or range of values therein, depending on the particular type of applicator, whether printing is required, and how much information is included on the label) at each container to allow the applicator some time to apply labeling and/or printing.

(79) When the exemplary applicator systems 1010a and 1010b reach the last or top containers, the processing unit may direct the lift motor 1075 to return the lift carriage 1070 to its starting position at the bottom of the pallet, and the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b to the next stack. This process continues until the top containers in the last row of container stacks is labeled, at which point the lift carriage 1070 is raised and the pallet is conveyed out of the labeling station and down the conveyor 1020. In other embodiments, the processing system may instruct the lift motor 1075 to position the lift carriage 1070 at the top of the container stack to start the labeling process, rather than the bottom. In other embodiments, the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b may advance from stack to stack in a serpentine fashion, e.g., moving up through a first stack, then from the top container in the first stack to the top container in the second stack, and then down through the second stack, and so on.

(80) In other implementations, labels may be applied in sequence along a bottom row of containers on the pallet (in a front-to-back/back-to-front (east-west) operation), rather than in sequence from a bottom container to a top container along a row (the top-to-bottom operation described above). The processing unit may direct the applicator systems 1010a and 1010b to move from container to container horizontally along the horizontal applicator tracks 1003a and 1003b to sequentially label containers in horizontal rows, instead of vertical columns. After a horizontal row is completed, the processing unit may direct the lift motor 1075 to lift the lift carriage 1070 to the next horizontal row and direct the applicator system to apply labels horizontally to that row.

(81) The present invention encompasses other embodiments and implementations of a four-sided frame system. Such embodiments may include a lift carriage that allows the passage of pallets and otherwise grouped container stacks through the labeling station. More specifically, in some embodiments, and without limitation, the lift carriage may not have any components or elements that pass across or are located directly over the conveyor. In such embodiments, the lift carriage may include two applicator systems that may be located on opposite lateral sides of the conveyor. Because there are no components of the lift carriage over the conveyor to obstruct the passage of the pallets (or otherwise grouped container stacks), the pallets can pass through such a labeling station without the need to retract the lift carriage.

(82) In further embodiments of a four-sided frame system, the labeling system may vary in the number of applicator systems mounted thereon. FIG. 14 shows an exemplary embodiment of a labeling system having a frame 1102, a lift carriage 1170, and a single applicator system 1110 mounted on the lift carriage 1170. FIG. 15 shows an further exemplary embodiment of a labeling system having a frame 1202, a lift carriage 1270, and four applicator systems 1210a, 1210b, 1210c, and 1210d, each mounted a different side of the lift carriage 1270. This embodiment may allow the labeling system to apply labels to containers on four sides of a pallet when needed (e.g., for irregular or nested arrangements of containers). The motors, sensors, processing units, and other elements and components of the embodiments shown in FIGS. 14-15 and other embodiments of the present invention may work in the same or similar way as the other embodiments described herein. It is to be appreciated that although FIG. 14 shows a single applicator system, and FIG. 15 shows a four applicator system, that other similar embodiments with two applicators or with three applicators may also be provided; and that the positions of the applicator(s) may be in any suitable position or combination of positions in 1-applicator, 2-applicator and 3-applicator systems.

(83) Although containers are ordinarily stacked in uniform columns for shipment and storage, there are situations where this is not necessarily the case. Sometimes containers may be irregularly stacked or stacked in nested patterns that do not include uniform columns, as illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, and as discussed above. It is to be appreciated that embodiments of the invention are capable of automatically labeling such irregularly placed containers. For example and without limitation, if the containers on a given pallet are stacked in an offset manner, such that containers on alternating tiers are uniformly offset from each other (akin to bricks on a wall), then the methods, systems and apparatus of the present invention are capable of providing labels on these containers. For example, and without limitation, when the leading edge of such containers on a pallet reaches the first sensor (e.g. 122a) and the pallet conveyor 120 is stopped, the applicator system 110 may travel in a vertical direction, but only applying labels to every other container. Once this is accomplished, instead of advancing the distance of a full container, the conveyor only advances half of this distance (which may be accomplished by appropriately setting/changing the position of sensor 122b) before stopping again. At this point, the applicator system 110 again travels in a vertical direction, this time applying labels to every other intervening container. Once the second set of labeling is accomplished, again instead of advancing the distance of a full container, the conveyor only advances half of this distance (according to the position of sensor 122c) before stopping, at which point the applicator system 110 again applies labels to every other container, and so on.

(84) Although the above example refers to the embodiments of FIG. 4 (and FIG. 7), it is to be appreciated that other embodiments of the present invention, for example and without limitation those shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, are also capable of providing labeling on non-uniformly stacked containers, for example, by adjusting the horizontal and vertical positioning of the applicator systems according to the expected positions of the containers. In those situations where the positions of the containers are not uniform, or not in an expected arrangement, an operator may input the positions into the system, which has programming to efficiently move the conveyors and/or applicator systems in order to label each such container.

(85) It is to be understood that variations and modifications of the present invention may be made without departing from the scope thereof. It is to be appreciated that the features disclosed herein may be used different combinations and permutations with each other, all falling within the scope of the present invention. It is also to be understood that the present invention is not to be limited by the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but only in accordance with the appended claims when read in light of the foregoing specification.