Topical compositions, process of large-scale manufacture, and method of use

Abstract

Compositions for the treatment of some orphan diseases and oral mucosal ulcers, many with similarities in terms of their anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities, but also multiple differences in their observed abilities that can be combined to challenge the current, underlying pathophysiology. The orphan diseases of interest are Dupuytren's Contracture, Peyronie's Disease, Scleroderma, Raynaud's (or Renaud's) Phenomenon, chemotherapy/radiation induced oral mucosal ulceration, and aphthous ulcers; and more frequent skin issues of skin damage from cuts, abrasions, and burns; aging skin changes, and toe nail fungus. These can be treated with the disclosed compositions with the proper combination and alteration of ingredients inclusive of alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, and a shea butter preparation. A process for preparation of such ingredients in a water-in-oil emulsion is described herein.

Claims

1. A method of treating a subject having Dupuytren's Disease and/or Dupuytren's Contracture, comprising the step of applying an effective amount of a topical composition comprising α-pinene, an aloe vera preparation and a shea butter preparation wherein the topical composition further comprises the emulsifier tri(polyglyceryl-3/lauryl) hydrogenated trilinoleate, to an area of the subject affected by Dupuytren's Disease and/or Dupuytren's Contracture, to reduce the subject's symptoms of the disease.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the topical composition further comprises one or more additional components selected from the group consisting of functional oils, soluble collagens, alcohols, anti-inflammatories, anti-oxidants, anti-microbials, florals, thickeners, waxes, fragrances, fatty acids, analgesics, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, solvents, gels, and moisturizers.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition further comprises an additional emulsifier.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the topical composition further comprises soluble collagen.

5. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition further comprises one or more functional oils selected from the group consisting of Black Cumin Seed Oil, Baobab Oil, Apricot Kemal Oil, Argan Nut Oil, Camellia Oil, Manila Oil, Sea Buckthom Oil, Tamanu Oil, Calendula Oil, caprylic/capric triglyceride, caryophyllene, Elemi Oil, Kanuka Oil, Litsea Cube be Oil, Palmarosa Oil, Palo Santo, Rose Hip Seed Oil, and Sachi Inchi Oil.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the topical composition further comprises Black Cumin Seed Oil.

7. The method of claim 5, wherein the topical composition further comprises caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and one or more anti-inflammatories wherein said anti-inflammatory or anti-inflammatories are selected from the group consisting of chamomile oil, copaiba oil, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.

8. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition further comprises one or more anti-oxidants selected from the group consisting of tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, retinyl palmitate, and tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate; and a fatty acid, wherein said fatty acid is ferulic acid.

9. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition further comprises one or more amino acids and one or more anti-microbials selected from the group consisting of carvacrol and niacinamide.

10. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition further comprises methyl sulfonyl methane, magnesium sulfate, and propylene glycol.

11. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition further comprises betaine, sodium PCA, sodium lactate, PCA, 1,2-hexane dial, and caprylyl glycol.

12. The method of claim 3, wherein the additional emulsifiers is one or more emulsifier selected from the group consisting of Tri-(polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate; Polyglyceryl-3 Sorbityl Linseedate; Polyglyceryl-2 Oleate (and) Polyhydroxystearic Acid (and) Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate; Polyglyceryl-3 Triolivate; Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricilinoleate; Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate; Polyglyceryl-2 Sesquiisostearate; Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate; Polyclyceryl-6 Polyricilinoleate (and) Polyglycery-3 Diisostearate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite; Olive Oil Polyglyceryl-6 Esters (and) Polyglyceryl-6 Pentaoleate; Polyglycery-6 Polyricilinoleate (and) Polyglyceryl-10 Dioleate; Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone; Methylglucose Sesquioleate; and Octyldodecanol (and) octyldodecyl xyloside (and) PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate.

13. The method of claim 3, wherein the topical composition is an oil-in-water emulsion.

14. The method of claim 2, wherein the topical composition is a lotion, solution, balm, cream, or spray.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWING

(1) FIG. 1 shows a hand with a chord of a patient with Dupytren's Disease and Contracture [permission granted—Frank C. Muller, Baden-Baden].

(2) FIG. 2A shows an abrasion of the palm.

(3) FIG. 2B shows a cut on the leg [permission granted—ClockFace].

(4) FIG. 2C shows a burn to the top of a hand.

(5) FIG. 3 illustrates the curvature of the penis due to Peyronie's Disease.

(6) FIG. 4A shows damage to the skin of the forearm of an elderly person.

(7) FIG. 4B is a graph of age range of the United States, Year 2016.

(8) FIG. 5 shows toes with severe fungus infection of toe nails [permission granted—James Heilman, Md.].

(9) FIG. 6 shows an aphthous ulcer in the mouth of a patient [permission granted—Ryanfransen at English Wikipedia].

(10) FIG. 7 shows several photographs of people with cutaneous scleraderma

(11) FIG. 8 illustrates the effects of Raynaud's phenomenon on the hand.

(12) FIG. 9 shows the ulcers Induced in Oral Mucosa by Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(13) Components of the Compositions

(14) Table 3 shows the function, and scientific name or chemical formula for each hydrophobic component that can be used in a composition.

(15) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Hydrophobic Components Function Scientific name/Formula a-Pinene (APN) anti- Pinophyta inflammatory, C10H16 anti-microbe Acai Berry anti- Euterpe oleracea inflammatory Anethole Anise Camphor anti-microbial C10H12O Apricot Kernel Oil (AKO) functional oil Prunus armeniaca Argan Nut Oil (AGN) skin disorders Argania spinosa Baobab Oil (BAB) moisturizer Adansonia digitata Bees Wax (BW) phase change Apis mellifera emulsion Benzoin (BZN) thickener Styrax benzoin Benzyl Alcohol (BA) solvent, low C6HsCH2OH toxicity Black Cumin Seed oil Nigella sativa Cabreuva Oil anti-microbial Myrocarpusfrondosus Caffeic acid anti-oxidant C9HsO4 Calendula Oil (CDA) anti- Calendula officinalis inflammatory Camellia Oil (CMA) anti-oxidant Camellia japonica Capaiba Oil (CPO) anti- Copaifera officinalis inflammatory Caprylic, Capric soft skin Cocos nucifera Triglyceride (CCT) Carvacrol (CVC) anti-microbial C10H14O Carvone Oil (CRV) fragrance C10H14O Caryophyllene (CAP) anti-oxidant Syzygium aromaticum Cedarwood essential Oil flavor Pine or cypress Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) alcohol C16H34O Chamomile German Oil fragrance Chamaemelum nobile (CGB) Elemi Oil (EMO) functional oil Canarium luzonicum Geranium Oil (GER) essential oil Pelargoniun graveolens Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) salve, Vitellaria paradoxa moisturize Glycerol (GYO) moisturizer, C3HsO3 solvent Ho Wood Oil (HWO) fragrance Cinnamomum camphora Jasmine Oil (JAS) essential oil Jasminum officinale Kaempferol anti-oxidant C1sH10O6 Kanuka Oil (KNO) functional oil Kunzea ericoides Lavandin Oil (LVO) fragrance Lavandin intermedia Limonene Oil (LMN) fragrance C10H16 Litsea Cubeba Oil functional oil Litsea cubeba (LCO) Marula Oil (MRL) moisture, Sclerocarya birrea anti-oxidant Myrrh anti- Genus Commiphora inflammatory Nerolina Oil (NRL) fragrance Melaleuca quinquenervia Niaouli Oil anti-microbial Melaleuca quinquenervia Palmarosa Oil (PLO) traditional, Cymbopogon martinii anti-microbial Palo Santo functional oil Bursera graveolens Panthenol (PNT) alcohol C9H19NO4 Peppermint fragrance Mentha × piperita Rose Hip Oil (RHO) healing, Rosa moschata & moisturizing Rosa rubiginosa Rosemary Oil (RMO) floral Rosmarinus officinalis, Sacha Inchi Oil (SIO) supportive Plukenetia volubillis skin care Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) repair, Hippophae rhamnoides anti-oxidant Tamanu Oil (TMU) skin care Calophyllum inophyllum Terpineol fragrance C10H18O Thyme Red, White anti-microbial Genus Thymus Vetiver fragrance Chrysopogon zizanioides Vitamin E (VTE) cell reactions, Tocotrienol, tocopherol anti-oxidant Winter Savory anti-microbial Satureja montana

(16) Table 4 shows the function, and scientific name or chemical formula for each hydrophilic component that can be used in a composition.

(17) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Hydrophilic Components Function Scientific name 1-Tetradecanol moisturizer C14H30O Agave (AGV) cell nutrients, Agave tequilana fructose, sucrose weber azul Alanine (ALA) amino acid for C3H1NO2 collagen Aloe Vera Gel (AVG) skin healing, Aloe barbadensis mil anti-inflammatory Arginine (ARG) amino acid C6H14N4O2 Artie Fish Collagen (AFC) critical soluble Arctogadus glacialis protein Benzocaine (BZC) local analgesic C9H11NO2 Distilled water solvent H2O Ferulic Acid (FRA) anti-oxidant C10H10O4 Glutamine (GLU) amino acid CsH10N2O3 Glycine (GLY) amino acid for C2HsNO2 collagen Histidine (HST) amino acid C6H9N3O2 Hydroxyproline (HDP) amino acid CsH9NO3 Isoleucine (ISL) amino acid C6H13NO2 Lecithin (LCT) skin soft and Glycine max smooth Leucine (LUC) amino acid C6H13NO2 Linoleic Acid (LOA) anti-inflammatory C18H32O2 Lysine (LYS) amino acid C6H14N2O2 Methyl sulfonyl methane transport C2H6SO2 (MSM) Niacin (NCN) vitamin b3 skin C6HsNO2 health, vasodilate Niacinamide (NCM) vitamin b3, no flush C6H6N2O Oleic Acid (OLA) anti-inflammatory C18H34O2 Panthenol alcohol analogue of C9H19NO4 Vitamin B5 Praline (PRL) amino acid for CsH9NO2 collagen Protocatechuic Acid anti-oxidant C1H604 (PCT) Sericin gel C30H40N10O16 Sodium Polyacrylate moisturizer (C3H3NaO2)n ethanol solvent C2H6O isopropyl alcohol solvent C3HsO Vitamin A (VTA) vitamin retinal, retinal, retinoic acid, provitamin A carotenoids, beta-carotene Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or vitamin b3 skin nicotinamide, Niacin health, niacin, vasodilate nicotinamide riboside Vitamin C (VTC) tissue repair, C6HsO6 anti-oxidant
Hydrophobic Components

(18) Acai Berry—A small, round, black-purple fruit similar in appearance to a grape. The seed makes up about 60-80% of the fruit. The palm bears fruit year round.

(19) a-Pinene—Formula—C.sub.10H.sub.16—a-Pinene is a terpene that is not toxic, which is one of two isomers of this compound with the other being-Pinene that has toxic characteristics. They originate predominantly from conifer pine trees (Pinophyta) and are both natural compositions. a-Pinene has important anti-inflammatory properties working through the PGEl mechanism. In addition, it has important anti-microbial activities. It also been used in medicinal compositions as a bronchial dilator, anti-septic agent, and anti-cancer agent. Its primary use in the composition is its anti-inflammatory and anti-microbial effects.

(20) Anethole Anise Camphor-Formula—C.sub.10H.sub.12O—An organic compound that is widely used as a flavoring. A derivative of phenylpropene, an aromatic compound that occurs widely in nature in essential oils. It is distinctly sweet and pleasant to the taste. It contributes a large component of the odor and flavor of anise and fennel. It is a colorless, fragrant, mildly volatile liquid. Anethole has potent antimicrobial properties. Reported antibacterial properties include both bacteriostatic and bactericidal action. Antifungal activity includes increasing the effectiveness of some other phytochemicals.

(21) Apricot Kernal Oil (AKO)—Pressed from the kernels of the Prunus armeniaca. Apricot kernels have an oil content of 40-50%. It is also used to extract an essential oil, which contains amygdalin. The oil is chiefly composed of oleic acid and linoleic acid.

(22) Argan Nut Oil—Argania spinosa is an important tree grown in Morocco. It is a dietary oil and used in cosmetics. The oil comes from the tree's nuts. Its intended use for the compositions is to support the oils with higher levels of healing.

(23) Baobab Oil—Adansonia digitalia is the most common of the nine species of Baobab trees with the oil extracted from seeds. It is commonly used on the skin as a moisturizer, a stimulant for skin cell replication, a skin anti-oxidant, a wound healing agent, and an anti-inflammatory agent due to its omega fatty acids. Is use in the compositions is primarily for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties.

(24) Bees Wax—Wax from honey bees (Apis mellifera) is utilized in some of the compositions as a temperature sensitive agent that melts at 58° C. and solidifies at lower temperatures depending upon concentration that keeps the manufacturing process in the liquid phase for alterations and modifications of the natural components at a higher temperature. Upon cooling, it acts with other components to provide solidity within the final composition.

(25) Benzoin (BZN)—Styrax benzoin—A balsamic resin obtained from the bark of several species of trees in the genus Styrax. It is used in perfumes, incense, flavoring, and medicine. Benzoin is sometimes called gum benzoin or gum benjamin. Benzoin is also called storax. Benzoin has a sweet vanilla-like aroma and fixative properties.

(26) Benzyl Alcohol—Formula C6HsCH20H—Benzyl Alcohol is often used as a solvent due to low toxicity, polarity, and low vapor pressure with moderate solubility in water and miscibility in other alcohols. It is commonly found in plants and fruits and along with a variety of essential oils, such as, jasmine, hyacinth, and ylang-ylang. It is also used as a bacteriostatic preservative in intravenous medications, cosmetics, and skin care compositions. It has a low toxicity value with LD.sub.50 of 1.2 gm/kg in rats. Its use in the compositions is as a solvent and its anti-microbial properties.

(27) Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS)—Nigella sativa—It is an annual flowering plant in the family Ranunculaceae.

(28) Cabreuva Oil—Myrocarpus frondosus—Its aroma is deep and mellow, with a pleasing woodsy, smoky base note that blends very well with most oils. In natural perfumery, clove bud essential oil is used in making floral notes such as rose and lily of the valley, amber bases, precious wood notes, and in

(29) Caffeic acid—Formula—C.sub.9H.sub.8O.sub.4—An organic compound classified as a hydroxycinnamic acid. It consists of both phenolic and acrylic functional groups. It is found in all plants because it is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of lignin. Caffeic acid has a variety of potential pharmacological effects and the inhibitory effect of caffeic acid on cancer cell proliferation by an oxidative mechanism. Caffeic acid is an antioxidant, immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory activity.

(30) Calendula Oil—Calendula officinalis is a type of marigold that is used for herbal, cosmetic, and medicinal compositions. The yellow petals are edible and have been used medicinally for centuries. It is currently utilized for its pharmacologic effects for anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and wound healing attributes. Topical applications are also used on the skin for radiation damage, the prevention of dermatitis and pain, as well as, an agent to decrease healing times on skin injuries. It was a popular treatment in the Civil War and World War I to reduce wound bleeding and infection. Its use in the compositions is for its anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.

(31) Camellia Oil—Camellia japonica has been used for centuries by the Japanese as skin care and moisturizing compositions, as well as, for wound healing and scar reduction as it readily absorbs into the skin. It has also been used medically as a vitamin carrier for injections. The oil is cold pressed from seeds. Camellia is part of the flowering plants from the Theaceae family with leaves from Camellia sinensis the most popular for tea products. Its primary use in the compositions is it anti-inflammatory and wound healing properties.

(32) Capaiba Oil (CPO)—Copaifera officinalis—It reduces pain and inflammation, protects against infections, heals the skin, prevents fungal growth, and boosts the respiratory health. It improves the skin, speeds up healing, and tightens the skin. Copaiba essential oil is a distilled oil from an oleoresin. This resin is produced as a sap from a tree in the Copaifera genus. The oil is a pale yellow in color with a slightly bitter taste and an aroma. Copaiba is considered to be one of the most anti-inflammatory substances on earth. In traditional medicine, this essential oil has been used extensively by indigenous people. The active components in copaiba essential oil consist mainly of terpenes. It has topical applications and the copaiba essential oil has astringent properties. Copaiba's active components tighten the skin, which can help the skin look younger, reduce the appearance of wrinkles, and even strengthen the skin to prevent lesions or wounds as the body ages. Additionally, a topical application of copaiba essential oil helps reduce the appearance of acne on the face. Copaiba essential oil also heals the skin and infuses the body with powerful nutrients and organic compounds that can eliminate the appearance of blisters, marks, and pimples. Copaiba essential oil is often topically applied to scars in order to speed their healing and reduce their visibility. Copaiba essential oil is a analgesic and is a strong antibacterial agent. It can act as a shield for your skin, protecting any wounds from developing an infection. The unique terpene structures found in copaiba essential oil are very effective as antifungal agents.

(33) Capryllic, Capric Triglyceride—Formulae—Capryllic Acid C.sub.8H.sub.16O.sub.2, —Capric Acid CH3(CH2)sCOOH—Cocos nucifera is the cocoa nut palm from which the composition is purified as <10% constituents of the kernal. Individual uses of these triglycerides have little direct effect on the intended use of this topical composition. However, this mixed, medium chain triglyceride composition is considered an inert energy source readily available for use by the skin cells and dermis cells that are being challenged to function properly in their limited condition brought on by their specific disease state.

(34) Carvacrol (CVC)—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.3(CH.sub.3)(0H)C.sub.3H.sub.7—It is a monoterpenoid phenol. It has a characteristic pungent, warm odor of oregano. Carvacrol inhibits the growth of several bacteria strains, e.g. Escherichia coli. It disrupts cell membranes of bacteria and inhibits their proliferation.

(35) Carvone Oil (CRV)—Formula—C.sub.10H.sub.14O—It is a terpenoid and found naturally in many essential oils, but is most abundant in the oils from seeds of caraway (Carum carvi), spearmint (Mentha spicata), and dill. Carvone is available in both enantiomerically pure forms.

(36) Caryophyllene Oil—This oil is most commonly from the stem and flowers of Syzygium aromaticum to produce clove oil. There are 14 plant sources of Caryophyllene oil. However, only 9 of these plants have their Caryophyllene levels above 10% of these oils from clove, cannabis, hops, basil, oregano, West African pepper, cinnamon, malabathrum, and ylang-ylang. Two of these, the West African pepper and the India cinnamon or malabathrum, contain up to 25% of their oils as Caryophyllene oil. Its use in the compositions is primarily for its anti-inflammatory properties.

(37) Cedarwood essential Oil—An essential oil derived from various types of conifers, most in the pine or cypress botanical families. It has uses in medicine and perfumery, and while the characteristics of oils derived from various species may themselves vary, all have some degree of bactericidal effects. Although termed cedar or cedarwood oils, the most important oils are produced from distilling wood of a number of different junipers and cypresses (of the family Cupressaceae), rather than true cedars (of the family Pinaceae). Cedarwood oils each have characteristic woody odors which may change somewhat in the course of drying out. The crude oils are often yellowish or even darker in color. They find use in fragrance applications. The oil has antifungal and antibacterial properties.

(38) Cetyl Alcohol (CTA)—Formula—CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.15OH—It is a fatty alcohol and also known as hexadecan-1-ol and palmityl alcohol. At room temperature, cetyl alcohol takes the form of a waxy white solid or flakes. Cetyl alcohol is used in the cosmetic industry as an opacifier in shampoos, or as an emollient, emulsifier or thickening agent in the manufacture of skin creams and lotions.

(39) Chamomile German Oil—Chamaemelum nobile is used for treating skin conditions such as eczema, chicken pox lesions, and psoriasis. It has a wide medical usage for inflammation, ulcers, and hemorrhoids. Chamomile tea has long been popular and is made from the dried flowers and may be a relaxant. There also may be anti-anxiety effects from its use. Its primary use in the compositions is to aid healing and reduce inflammation.

(40) Elemi Oil (EMO)—It is steam distilled from the resin of the Asian tree Canarium luzonicum or Canarium vulgare. Elemi Oil is rich in monoterpenes. It can be especially helpful in wound care and for supporting respiratory health. It has a clear color with a tinge of yellow. It is effective against infectious skin conditions, wounds, cuts, fatigue.

(41) Geranium Essential Oil—Pelargoniun graveolens encompasses a relatively large group of plants from which this complex, essential oil comprises ˜50 different oil components. The number of species has been greatly increased due to significant hybrid culturing seeking to focus on different flower and scent expressions. It currently has limited medicinal use and is being used as a general oil solution and fragrance for these applications.

(42) Ghana Shea Butter—Vitellaria paradoxa is the general name for the Shea trees of the Sapotacea family and is the only species in this genus, located predominantly in Africa. This species is a major food source of dietary fat. Shea butter is composed of 5 fatty acids:palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic and arachidic of which 85-90% is stearic and oleic acids. These fatty acid contents change in percentages from region to region in Africa with the shea butter changing from liquid to near solid depending upon the fatty acid concentrations. There are also 10 phenolic compounds in shea butter that also vary from region to region. Therefore, shea butter is obtained from one region, Ghana. Shea butter is one of the largest components of the compositions and is used not only for composition consistency but also as a major anti-oxidant.

(43) Glycerol—Formula—C.sub.3H.sub.8O.sub.3—Glycerol is a colorless, odorous liquid with three —OH groups assuring solubility in water that is also hydroscopic. It is the backbone of all triglycerides. It is derived from soy beans and under large scale manufacturing. It is widely used for extractions of plant compositions and as a solvent. Its primary use in the compositions is as a solvent.

(44) Ho Wood Oil (HWO)—Cinnamomum camphora var linaloo—It is steam distilled from the bark and wood. Ho Wood is one of the most potent sources of naturally occurring linalol found in any steam distilled essential oil. Aromatically, Ho Wood Essential Oil is a beautifully fragrant wood oil that possesses some similarity to that of Rosewood Oil. The color is clear. A sweet, fresh and woody, with subtle floral notes. Its significant content of linalol gives it analgesic, anti-inflammatory and antibacterial properties.

(45) Jasmine Essential Oil—Jasminum officinale is a species of the olive family in Eastern Europe and Asia that has been adopted as a garden varietal with appealing flowers. It has a history of use in aromatherapy and herbal medicine predominantly as a skin anti-septic and anti-inflammatory agent. Its inclusion in the compositions is for these uses, as well as, its essential oil fragrance.

(46) Kaempferol—Formula—3,4′,5,7-tetrahydroxyflavone (C.sub.15H.sub.10O.sub.6)—It is a natural flavonol. Kaempferol is a yellow crystalline solid. It is slightly soluble in water and highly soluble in hot ethanol, ethers, and DMSO. Kaempferol acts as an antioxidant by reducing oxidative stress. Kaempferol is common in Pteridophyta, Pinophyta and Angiospermae. Studies have shown kaempferol has pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and analgesic activities. It also has been shown to work synergistically with antibiotics. Kaempferol has been shown to inhibit or decrease the activity of enzymes in viral infection, such as, reverse transcriptase, viral proteases and neuraminidase. Kaempferol has been shown to have an array of antioxidant effects. Kaempferol can prevent the oxidation of low-density lipid proteins.

(47) Kanuka Oil (KNO)—Kunzea ericoides I Leptospermum ericoides—Sometimes known as White Tea Tree Essential Oil. Kanuka is much higher in monoterpenes than is Australian Tea Tree. It contains about 5% cineole. It is a pale yellow color.

(48) Lavandin Oil (LVO)—The two most popular varieties are Lavandula angustifolia (lavender) and Lavandula Intermedia (lavandin). Lavandin is also commonly referred to as French lavender because it was developed for the French perfume industry. It is considered to be an antiseptic. Lavandin is a hybrid plant of true lavender and spike lavender. The oil is a pale yellow color to an almost neutral hue. The essential oil may assist in removing scars and stretch marks. It enhances blood circulation, promotes cell regeneration, and heals wounds and cuts. Lavandin oil has antiseptic properties that helps prevent infections from lacerations. It also speeds up the healing of cuts. It relieves pain and inflammation. The essential oil may alleviate pain in the muscles and joints. Lavandin oil is extracted by steam distilling the plant stalks and flowers. Lavandin may also be steam distilled with the help of a volatile solvent like benzene.

(49) Limonene Oil (LMN)—Formula—C.sub.10H.sub.16—It is a colorless liquid aliphatic hydrocarbon classified as a cyclic monoterpene, and is the major component in the oil of citrus fruit peels. The D-isomer; occurring more commonly in nature as the fragrance of oranges, is a flavoring agent in food manufacturing. Limonene takes its name from the peel of the lemon. Limonene is a chiral molecule, and biological sources produce one enantiomer. Limonene is a relatively stable monoterpene and can be distilled without decomposition. It is a fragrance ingredient for cosmetics compositions.

(50) Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO)—Litsea cubeba is an evergreen tree or shrub in the Lauraceae family. It produces a fruit which is processed for its lemony essential oil. The oil is used as a fragrance and flavoring. It is used as a raw material by the chemical industry for the synthesis of vitamin A and violet-like fragrances.

(51) Marula Oil—Sclerocarya birrea produces a nut from which this oil is recovered. Manila Oil contains a large proportion of mono-unsaturated fatty acids, as well as, significant anti-oxidants. Its primary anti-oxidant effects are due to tocopherols, sterols, and flavonoids. The primary use in the compositions is its wide types of fatty acids, as well as, its anti-oxidants.

(52) Myrrh—It is a natural gum or resin extracted from a number of small, thorny tree species of the genus Commiphora. Myrrh resin is used as a perfume, incense, medicine, antiseptic and salves for abrasions and other minor skin ailments.

(53) Nerolina Oil (NRL)—Melaleuca quinquenervia—It is a sweetly-scented oil distilled from the leaves and small branches of the paperbark tea tree or the broad-leaved paperbark tree. Nerolina oil is a component of perfume and has topical antibacterial properties. Nerolina oil is a rich emollient and easily penetrates the skin's surface. It can be added to coconut oil, cocoa butter, shea butter or other natural moisturizers to accentuate their effects to soften skin. Nerolina oil aids in the composition of vitamin E and the skin proteins collagen and elastin, which make up the skin's structural layer and accelerates cell turnover.

(54) Niaouli Oil—It is also extracted from Melaleuca quinquenervia. Niaouli Oil has camphorous, earthy and a harsh smell. It has therapeutic benefits helpful for skin infections, acne, rashes, pimples, wounds and cuts.

(55) Palmarosa Essential Oil—Cymbopogon martinii—It is a species of lemon grass with a popular fragrance. It contains geroniol and is used in medicinal applications. It is an effective anti-fungal agent, and used predominantly in food storage. Its primary use in the compositions is its fragrance but also as an anti-fungal and potential non-specific medicinal actions.

(56) Palo Santo—Also called Lignum vitae, guayacan or guaiacum. The wood is obtained chiefly from Guaiacum officinale and Guaiacum sanctum, both small, slow growing trees. “Lignum vitae” is Latin for “wood of life,” and derives its name from its medicinal uses. Lignum vitae resin is used to treat a variety of medical conditions from coughs to arthritis.

(57) Panthenol (PNT)—Formula—HO—CH.sub.2—C(CH.sub.3h-CH(OH)—CONH—CH.sub.2CH.sub.2CH.sub.2—OH— The alcohol analog of pantothenic acid (vitamin B.sub.5) and a provitamin of B.sub.5. It is commonly utilized in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and skin care products as a moisturizer and humectant. It readily penetrates the skin and mucous membranes where it is converted to pantothenic acid that readily binds water and enables reactivity with other composition components and with the tissues. It is odorless, colorless and a viscous liquid at room temperature. Panthenol is to improve wound healing in pharmaceutical and cosmetic compositions. In ointments it is used for the treatment of sunburns, mild burns, and minor skin injuries. It improves hydration, reduces itching and inflammation of the skin, improves skin elasticity, and accelerates epidermal wounds' rate of healing. Pantothenic acid is extremely hygroscopic. It is used in the biosynthesis of coenzyme A. Panthenol is an odorless, slightly bitter, highly viscous, transparent and colorless liquid at room temperature. It is easily soluble in water. Panthenol comes in two enantiomers, D and L. Only D-panthenol (dexpanthenol) is biologically active, however both forms have moisturizing properties.

(58) Peppermint—Mentha x piperita—An herbal extract using alcohol of essential oils of peppermint leaves. Medicinal uses of peppermint extract may relieve itching when applied topically. Moreover, peppermint extract is believed to have antiviral and medicinal properties.

(59) Rose Hip Oil—Rosa moschata, R. rubiginosa and R. canina—Wild rose species that produce seeds are extracted for Rose Hip Oil. It contains Provitamin A with high levels of tretinoin that is an all-trans retinoic acid that can be converted to Vitamin A. Rose Hip Oil contains the essential fatty acids of linoleic acid (omega 6) and linoleic acid (omega 3). Rose Hip Oil is frequently used in a variety of skin conditions including eczema, dermatitis, and sunburn, as well as, photoaging and healing scars. Its inclusion in these formulations is primarily for its anti-inflammatory effects.

(60) Rosemary Oil (RMO)—Rosmarinus officinalis—It is a woody, perennial herb with fragrant flowers and is a member of the mint family Lamiaceae. Rosemary leaves are used as a flavoring in foods. Rosemary oil is used for fragrant bodily perfumes and an aroma into a room.

(61) Sacha Inchi Oil—Plukenetia volubillis—It is a small tree that produces star shaped fruits with enclosed nuts. The nuts contain high protein (27%) and oil (35-60%). The oil is rich in essential fatty acids. There is not much evidence for its use in skin care compositions but its components suggest it should be helpful in skin care compositions. Its primary use in the compositions is supportive of the other oils with already demonstrated effectiveness.

(62) Sea Buckthorn Oil—Hippophae rhamnoides—It accumulates lipids in the fleshy, pulp part of the fruit, as well as, in their seeds. The pulp oil is preferred for these applications since it has high concentrations of the mono-unsaturated fatty acid, palmitoleic acid, and the saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid, which are at unusual levels compared to the plant kingdom. Caretenoids provide the color in the oil and provide beta-carotene, zeazanthin, and lycopene that are associated with Vitamin A activity. The tocopherols and tocotrienols components are major reasons for the anti-oxidant activity of this oil. Its primary purpose for the compositions is its anti-oxidant activities.

(63) Tamanu Oil—Calophyllum inophyllum—It is a large evergreen that produces nuts that contain 70-75% oil. This oil contains Linoleic acid (38%), Oleic acid (34%), Stearic acid (13%), and Palmitic acid (12%). Additional oil components include calophyllolide, freidlin, inophyllums B & P, terpenic essences, benzoic acid, oxibenzoic acid, phospho-amino lipids, glycerides, saturated fatty acids, and 4-phenylcoumarins. This oil has been used for skin diseases and for treating ulcers and infected wounds. Its inclusion in the compositions is for its anti-inflammatory and wound healing characteristics.

(64) Terpineol—Formula—C.sub.10H.sub.18O— It is a monoterpene alcohol that has been isolated from a variety of sources such as cajuput oil, pine oil, and petitgrain oil. There are four isomers, alpha-, beta-, gamma-terpineol, and terpinen-4-ol. Beta- and gamma-terpineol differ only by the location of the double bond. Terpineol is usually a mixture of these isomers with alpha-terpineol as the major constituent. Terpineol has a pleasant odor similar to lilac.

(65) Thyme Red. White—An aromatic perennial evergreen herb with culinary, medicinal, and ornamental uses. The most common variety is Thymus vulgaris. Thyme is of the genus Thymus of the mint family (Lamiaceae). Thymol, an antiseptic, is an active ingredient in various commercially produced mouthwashes. Oil of thyme was used to medicate bandages before the advent of modern antibiotics.

(66) Vetiver—Chrysopogon zizanioides—It is a perennial bunchgrass of the Poaceae family. Vetiver has been used to produce perfumes, creams and soaps. It is used for its antiseptic properties to treat acne and sores. Vetiver is mainly cultivated for the fragrant essential oil distilled from its roots. Vetiver is a more common ingredient in fragrances for men.

(67) Vitamin E—Formula (a-tocopherol)—C.sub.29H.sub.50O.sub.2—Vitamin E has several different configurations, but the most prominent is a-tocopherol. Vitamin E is a lipid soluble vitamin from wheat germ oil, sunflower oil, and safflower oil. It stops the propagation of oxygen radicals through cell membranes and protects cells from oxygen radical damage. It is used in a number of medical supplements and topical medication, but it may not be effective in wound healing or reduction of scar tissue. Its use in the compositions is to provide assistance in proper healing of wounds and its anti-oxidant properties.

(68) Winter Savory—Satureja montana—It is a perennial, semi-evergreen herb in the family Lamiaceae. Winter savory has antiseptic and aromatic benefits. It has been used in the treatment of bee stings or insect bites. Therapeutic-grade oil inhibits growth of yeast.

(69) Hydrophilic Components

(70) 1-Tetradecanol—Formula—C14H300—Myristyl alcohol (Myristicafragrans—nutmeg plant) is a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol. 1-Tetradecanol is prepared by the hydrogenation of myristic acid (or its esters). Myristic acid is found in nutmeg. 1-Tetradecanol is used as an ingredient in cosmetics, such as, cold creams for its emollient properties.

(71) Agave Nectar—Agave tequilana weber azul—Besides producing tequila, it produces agave nectar that is high in fructose (47%) and glucose (16%) concentrations. It is included in the compositions as a readily available fuel source for the cells being treated.

(72) Alanine—Formula—C.sub.3H.sub.7NO.sub.2—Alanine is a non-essential amino acid since the body readily produces it. One main dietary source is in meats. Alanine is an important amino acid in collagen and other similar proteins. Its use in the compositions is to enhance the ability to produce collagen.

(73) Aloe Vera Gel—Aloe barbadensis mil—It is a short growing plant. Studies have not confirmed its use for treating burns, wounds, and sunburn. Topical aloe vera is not associated with toxicity issues or side effects. Historically, aloe vera was used topically and continues use in traditional medicine today. Its role in the composition relates to a potential role in healing cutaneous damages due to different causes and to increase the rate of healing.

(74) Arginine (ARG)—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.14N.sub.4O.sub.2—An a-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. In humans, arginine is classified as a semiessential or conditionally essential amino acid, depending on the developmental stage and health status of the individual.

(75) Artie Fish Collagen—Arctogadus glacialis—The artic cod lives in the artic seas at cold temperatures and is thus one of the few species whose collagen is a liquid at cold and room temperatures. Collagen from non-artic animals and non-artic fish is a solid at room temperature. For the compositions, dissolvable collagen is a major advantage in utilizing the protein in the compositions that is in a liquid form rather than a solid form so it can readily react with the other components. Its use in the compositions is to provide collagen forwound support and softening.

(76) Benzocaine—Formula—C.sub.9H.sub.11NO.sub.2—Benzocaine is a local or topical anesthetic to relieve topical pain. It appears in many compositions to treat a variety of pain related problems. Local anesthesia for oral and pharyngeal mucous membranes is common for sore throats, mouth ulcers, denture irritation, earache, insect bites, and similar topical irritations. Few side effects are noted as long as intended doses are utilized. Its addition in the compositions is only applicable to the two types of oral mucosa! lesions described and should not be given to young children.

(77) Distilled water—Formula—H.sub.2O—It is water that has been boiled into vapor and condensed back into liquid in a separate container. Impurities in the original water that do not boil below or at the boiling point of water remain in the original container. Distilled water can also refer to reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration of tap water. Thus, distilled water is purified water.

(78) Ferulic Acid—Formula—C.sub.10H.sub.10O.sub.4—Ferulic acid is a hydroxycinnamic acid and a natural phenol that is a major anti-oxidant that readily reacts with free radicals that accelerate aging of the skin. Its use in the compositions to reduce free-radical damage at the time of attempting to stimulate new cell growth and metabolism during the use of the compositions.

(79) Glutamine (GLU)—Formula—C.sub.5H.sub.10N.sub.2O.sub.3—An a-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Its side chain is similar to that of glutamic acid, except the carboxylic acid group is replaced by an amide.

(80) Glycine—Formula—C.sub.2H.sub.5NO.sub.2—Glycine is the simplest possible formula for an amino acid and remains in dissolved in both hydrophobic or hydrophilic solutions. Its use in the compositions is to enhance the ability to form collagen.

(81) Histidine (HST)—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.9N.sub.3O.sub.2—An a-amino acid and is a positively charged amino acid at physiological pH. The histidine amino acid is a precursor for histamine, an amine produced in the body necessary for inflammation.

(82) Hydroxyproline (HDP)—Formula—C.sub.5H.sub.9NO.sub.3—A common non-proteinogenic amino acid. Hydroxyproline is a major component of the protein collagen, comprising roughly 13.5% of mammalian collagen. Hydroxyproline and praline play key roles for collagen stability. They permit the sharp twisting of the collagen helix. Hydroxyproline is found in few proteins other than collagen.

(83) Isoleucine (ISL)—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.13NO.sub.2—An a-amino acid and must be ingested in the diet since it is essential in humans.

(84) Lecithin—Lecithin is a generic term including animal and plant materials that are both hydrophilic and lipophilic mixtures of glycerophospholipids, that include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and phosphoric acid. It can be processed from soybeans, eggs, milk, marine sources, rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower. While it has low solubility in water, it is an excellent emulsifier. Its use in the compositions is to function as an emulsifier and dispersing agent for the combination of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components.

(85) Leucine (LUC)—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.13NO.sub.2—An essential amino acid. Leucine exhibits pharmacological activity in humans and have been demonstrated to promote protein biosynthesis. Leucine is a dietary amino acid with the capacity to directly stimulate myofibrillar muscle protein synthesis.

(86) Linoleic Acid (LOA)—Formula—C.sub.18H.sub.32O.sub.2—A polyunsaturated omega-6 fatty acid, an 18-carbon chain with two double bonds in cis-configuration. It typically occurs in nature as a triglyceride ester. Free fatty acids are typically low in foods. Linoleic acid belongs to one of the two essential fatty acids.

(87) Lysine (LYS)—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.14N.sub.2O.sub.2—An a-amino acid and is essential in humans. Lysine plays a role in crosslinking of collagen polypeptides, uptake of essential mineral nutrients, and in the production of carnitine. Due to its importance in several biological processes, a lack of lysine can lead to several disease states including defective connective tissues, impaired fatty acid metabolism, anemia, and systemic protein-energy deficiency.

(88) Methyl Sulfonyl Methane—Formula—C.sub.2H.sub.6O.sub.2S—Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) has one additional oxygen compared to the similar Dimethyl Sulfoxide (DMSO). It is found naturally in a number of primitive plants and in the atmosphere above marine areas. It has been tested in a number of medical conditions similar to DMSO, but does not have any medical disease approval by the FDA. It is sold as a dietary supplement without any substantiated claims. For cutaneous application, its primary role may simply be enhancement of compositions through the skin rather than a primary effect by itself. Although, it may have anti-inflammatory effects as does DMSO. The FDA has approved MSM for the Generally Regarded as Safe (GRAS) status. A number of animal studies suggest MSM benefits in oxidative stress and inflammation, but not sufficient for drug approval. MSM primary use in the compositions is to enhance cutaneous transfer of agents through the skin. It may also add relief as an anti-oxidant and an anti-inflammatory.

(89) Niacinamide—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.6N.sub.2O—Niacinamide or nicotinamide are like niacin, critical vitamins to a number of important functions, including the NAD/NADP complex. NAD is critical to catabolism of fat, carbohydrate, protein, and alcohol and cell signaling and DNA repair. NADP is important for anabolic reactions in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Its use in the compositions along with niacin is to provide these required compounds that are important in these types of reactions.

(90) Oleic Acid (OLA)—Formula—CH.sub.3(CH.sub.2)?CH═CH(CH.sub.2)?COOH—A fatty acid that occurs naturally in various animal and vegetable fats and oils. It is an odorless, colorless oil. In chemical terms, oleic acid is classified as a monounsaturated omega-9 fatty acid. It is the most common fatty acid in nature.

(91) Proline—Formula—C.sub.5H.sub.9NO.sub.2—Praline is a non-essential amino acid that the body can produce. Praline is biosynthetically derived from the amino acid L-glutamate. However, its commercial synthesis is from diethyl maionate and acrylonitrile. It is used in the compositions to enhance the production of collagen.

(92) Protocatechuic Acid (PCT)—Formula—C.sub.7H.sub.6O.sub.4—A dihydroxybenzoic acid which is a type of phenolic acid. Protocatechuic acid is antioxidant and anti-inflammatory.

(93) Sericin—Formula—C30H40N10016—It is a protein created by Bombyx mori (silkworms) in the production of silk. Silk consists of 70-80% fibroin and 20-30% sericin. Fibroin is the structural center of the silk and sericin being the gum coating the fibers and allowing them to stick to each other. Composed structurally of 18 different amino acids, and 32% serine in a randomized amorphous coil. Sericin can be easily converted into a-sheet conformation, via repeated moisture absorption and mechanical stretching. Sericin has been used in medicine and cosmetics. Sericin is primarily used in medicine for wound suturing due to its elasticity, tensile strength, and a natural affinity for keratin. It has a natural infection resistance and biocompatibility, and can be used as a wound coagulant. When used in cosmetics, sericin has been found to improve skin elasticity and several anti-aging factors which include an anti-wrinkle property. This is done by minimizing water loss from the skin.

(94) Sodium Polyacrylate—Formula—[—CH.sub.2—CH(CO.sub.2Na)-]n—It is a sodium salt of polyacrylic acid is an anionic polyelectrolyte with negatively charged carboxylic groups in the main chain and has a broad application in consumer compositions. This super absorbent polymer has the ability to absorb as much as 100 to 1000 times its mass in water.

(95) Vitamin A (VTA)—A group of unsaturated nutritional organic compounds that includes retinal, retinal, retinoic acid, and several provitamin A carotenoids (most notably beta-carotene). Vitamin A has multiple functions. It is important for growth and development, maintenance of the immune system and good vision. Vitamin A is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of retinal. Vitamin A also functions in a very different role as retinoic acid (an irreversibly oxidized form of retinal), which is an important hormone-like growth factor for epithelial and other cells.

(96) Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.5NO.sub.2—Niacin cannot be directly converted to niacinamide, but both are critical precursors of the important NAD/NADP complex. NAD is critical to catabolism of fat, carbohydrate, protein, alcohol, cell signaling and DNA repair. NADP is important for anabolic reactions in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Niacin also is a vasodilator that can also aid in the absorption of the composition on the skin. Their uses in the compositions along with niacinamide are to provide these required compounds that are important in these reactions.

(97) Vitamin C—Formula—C.sub.6H.sub.8O.sub.6—Vitamin C or Ascorbic Acid is water soluble and found in dairy and food supplies. Vitamin C is an essential nutrient that is required for tissue repair and a cofactor in multiple enzymatic reactions. Vitamin C is critical for collagen production, carnitine production, and neurotransmitter production. It functions importantly in the body as an anti-oxidant protecting against oxidative stress. It is used in the compositions as an anti-oxidant, for tissue repair, and collagen production. An alternative to Vitamin C is D-iso-ascorbic acid that blocks collagen formation, opposite to Vitamin C. It is only used in the one composition as a topical use in cutaneous Scleroderma to attempt to limit the excessive collagen production that causes skin thickening and joint movement limitations. It is the excessive collagen formation in the subcutaneous site that builds up as a response in Scleroderma that is stimulated by its inflammation and the responses to that inflammation.

(98) Additional Beneficial Components of Compositions

(99) Emu Oil—Dromaius novaehollandiae is the emu that is indigenous to Australia. The oil is extracted from adipose tissue with this industry refined product containing 70% unsaturated fatty acids. Oleic acid, a mono-unsaturated omega-9-fatty acid, is the largest component. It also contains 20% linoleic acid, an omega-6-fatty acid and 2% linoleic acid, an omega-3-fatty acid. Its claims as a dietary supplement have not been confirmed. However, recent clinical studies suggest efficacy in its use as a skin moisturizer and as an insect repellent. Its proposed use in the product is as a skin moisturizer.

(100) Emu Oil Solids—Dromaius novaehollandiae is the emu that is indigenous to Australia. After the oil is extracted from processed adipose tissue, there is a residual oil based, semi-solid product that can be used as a thickener for skin care products. It is used in the product as a thickener replacement for bees wax.

(101) Helichrysum Italicum Essential Oil—Helichrysum Italicum is one of 600 species of Helichrysum with its oil designated as an essential oil. It is part of the sunflower family occurring in South Africa, Madagascar, Australasia, and Euroasia. Its primary use in the formulation is as a standard fragrance.

(102) Hyssop Oil—Hyssopus officinalis is from southern Europe and the Middle East commonly used as a medicinal plant, predominantly as an antiseptic, expectorant, and cough depressant that can also stimulate the gastrointestinal system. Its use in the product is as an oil with an antiseptic nature. It is limited to products for use only in adults as it can cause seizures in young children.

(103) Lavender Essential Oil—Lavendula augustiflora is a species of lavender from which the oil is produced that is a complex mixture of natural phytochemicals with the major components being linalool and linalyl acetae and the major supply produced in Bulgaria. It has a long usage in perfumes and aromatherapy. Its primary contribution to the product is fragrance.

(104) Patchouli Essential Oil—Pogostemon patchouli or P. cabin are shrub-like plants originally in tropical regions of Asia, but are now cultivated widely in tropical areas due to the popular nature of this fragrance. This essential oil is prepared by steam distillation of the leaves. Three primary components of this oil are Patchoulol—Formula—C1sH260—that is the primary essence of the scent of the product, Norpatchoulenol—Formula—C14H220—that is a terpenoid component that also effects the primary scent, and Germacrene—C.sub.15H.sub.24—that has anti-microbial properties. This essential oil has been used in perfumes for centuries and is now found in insect repellents and alternative medicines. Its use in the product is primary for fragrance but also for its anti-microbial component.

(105) Ylang-Ylang Essential Oil—Cananga odorata, known as the tropical cananga tree in Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines, is valued for its Ylang-Ylang flowers that produce a popular oil through steam distillation that has been used for centuries in perfume. Its primary components are Linalool, Germacrene, Caryophyllene, p-cresyl methyl ether, methyl benzoate, and sesquiterpenes. Its proposed medicinal usages include reduction of blood pressure, reduction of sebum secretion in the skin, and as an aphrodisiac. Its primary use in the product is as a fragrance, although it contains several components that are in other valuable oil products from this region that we use.

(106) Berberine HCL—Formula—C.sub.20H.sub.18NO.sub.4—Berberis vulgaris is one of several plants with berberine as a quarternary ammonium salt with a very strong yellow color used for dying wool and other fabrics. It was reported in use in China as a folk medicine in 3,000 BC. It currently is a research product for different potential treatments of arrhythmia, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and cancer. Berberine is considered an antibiotic and is being evaluated as a treatment for methicillin-resistant Staph infections. It is used in the product as a potential anti-microbial as well as a marker for the lack of anti-oxidant activity that would reduce the yellow color.

(107) Chlorhexidine—Formula—C.sub.22H.sub.30ChN.sub.10—Chlorhexidine is used in disinfectants, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products as an anti-microbial agent that appears more potent than provodone-iodine (Betadine). It is active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, facultative anaerobes, aerobes, and yeasts. It is particularly effective against Gram-positive bacteria (2:1 μg/l). Significantly higher concentrations (10 to 73 μg/ml) are required for Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. At physiologic pH, it disassociates and releases the positively charged chlorhexadine cation that readily binds to the negatively charged bacterial cell wall. At low doses, its membrane binding acts as bacterial static effect. At high doses, its binding to the bacterial cell wall causes cell wall disruption and destruction of the microbe. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It is used in the product for its potent anti-microbial activities.

(108) Natamax—Formula—C33H4.sub.7NO13—Natamycin (Natamax) is a naturally occurring anti-fungal agent produced during fermentation by Streptomyces natalensis that is commonly found in soil. It is used in the food industry as a natural preservative. It is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. It has been used in the food industry for decades in dairy products and other foods to retard microbial growth. Its medical use is usually in the form of a cream, lozenge, or drops for the eye or ear. It does not have any acute toxicity in animals or humans. It inhibits fungal growth by inhibiting amino acids and glucose passage across plasma membranes. It is used in the product to inhibit fungal growth.

(109) Panthenol—Formula—C.sub.9H.sub.19NO.sub.4—Panthenol is an alcohol analogue of Vitamin B5 or pantothenic acid that is commonly utilized in pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, and skin care products as a moisturizer and humectant. It readily penetrates the skin and mucous membranes where it is converted to pantothenic acid that readily binds water and enables reactivity with the other product components and with the tissues. It is odorless and colorless. Its inclusion in the product is for its moisturizing and humectant qualities.

(110) Ouercitin—Formula—C.sub.15H.sub.10O.sub.7—Quercitin is a plant polyphenol in the flavonoid group that is widely found in many vegetables and in many supplements. It is a form of many flavonoid glycosides. In spite of many studies, there is no clear evidence that the use of quercitin is useful in the treatment of cancer or any other diseases. This may in part be due to the fact that quercitin has a very short half-life in the human body. The question for the product is if its half-life can be longer in these topical to subcutaneous products. Its in vitro pharmacology supports the anti-oxidant activities of this compound. Its use in the product is to be an anti-oxidant in the skin and subcutaneous sites.

(111) Ubiquitin—Formula—C.sub.89H.sub.151N.sub.27O.sub.24—Ubiquitin is a small, regulatory protein that exists in all eukaryotic cells, those with a nucleus and membrane bound organelles. It has 4 genes in the human genome that code for it. Ubiquitin carries out a multitude of functions predominantly through protein conjugations that result in many different protein modifications, from induced degradation, to change cellular location, to alter their activities, and to either promote or inhibit protein interactions. They can also form chains together to add another dimension to their protein interactions. Ubiquitin is highly conserved with human cells and yeast sharing 96% sequence identity. Abnormal ubiquitin activity is associated with many different diseases that can have tissue sections staining for excessive accumulations of ubiquitin based compounds including Alzheimer's (neurofibrillary tangles), Parkinson's (Lewy body), Huntington's (inclusions in motor neurons), alcoholic liver disease (Mallory bodies), and brain astrocytes (Rosenthal fibers). A number of studies have related that defects and alterations in ubiquination processes are often found in a variety of cancers, including renal cell, breast, cervical, colorectal, and glioblastoma. Ubiquitin is utilized in the product to potentially promote normal cell replication and growth, both intimately involved with the product.

(112) Vanzan—Formula—C.sub.13H.sub.10O—Zanthan gum, a polysaccharide, that was discovered as a product of fermentation from a strain of bacteria, Xanthomohas campestris, that can be commercially produced using these bacteria given simple sugars and the proper fermentation conditions. It has many uses regarding its ability to readily increase viscosity in a variety of liquids, including in foods and drinks. It is used in the product to increase thickening as required above that achieved by phase change and other agents.

(113) Groups of Components

(114) Core

(115) a-Pinene (APN)

(116) Glycerol (GLY)

(117) Ghana Shea Butter (GSB)

(118) Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS)

(119) AF (Artie Fish) Collagen(AFC)

(120) Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG)

(121) Lecithin (LCT)

(122) Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM)

(123) Functional Oil

(124) Apricot Kemal Oil (AKO)

(125) Argan Nut Oil (AGN)

(126) Baobab Oil (BAB)

(127) Calendula Oil (CDA)

(128) Camellia Oil (CMA)

(129) Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT)

(130) Caryophyllene (CAP)

(131) Elemi Oil (EMO)

(132) Kanuka Oil (KNO)

(133) Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO)

(134) Manila Oil (MRL)

(135) Palmarosa Oil (PLO)

(136) Palo Santo

(137) Rose Hip Seed oil

(138) Sachi Inchi oil

(139) Sea Buckthom Oil (SBO)

(140) Tamanu Oil (TMU)

(141) Alcohol

(142) Benzyl Alcohol (BA)

(143) Cetyl Alcohol (CTA)

(144) Panthenol (PNT)

(145) Anti-Inflammatory

(146) Acai Berry

(147) Chamomile German Oil (CGB)

(148) Capaiba Oil (CPO)

(149) Myrrh

(150) Rose Hip Seed Oil

(151) Oleic Acid (OLA)

(152) Linoleic Acid (LOA)

(153) Anti-Oxidant

(154) Kaempferol

(155) Caffeic acid

(156) Protocatechuic Acid (PCT)

(157) Anti-Microbial

(158) Anethole Anise Camphor

(159) Cabreuva Oil

(160) Carvacrol (CVC)

(161) Niaouli Oil

(162) Thyme Red, White

(163) Winter Savory

(164) Floral

(165) Rosemary Oil (RMO)

(166) Thickener

(167) Benzoin (BZN)

(168) Wax

(169) Bees Wax (BW)

(170) Flavors

(171) Cedarwood essential Oil

(172) Fragrance

(173) Carvone Oil (CRV)

(174) Geranium Oil (GER)

(175) Ho Wood Oil (HWO)

(176) Jasmine Oil (JAS)

(177) Lavandin Oil (LVO)

(178) Limonene Oil (LMN)

(179) Nerolina Oil (NRL)

(180) Peppermint

(181) Terpineol

(182) Vetiver

(183) Fatty Acid

(184) Ferulic Acid (FRA)

(185) Analgesic

(186) Benzocaine

(187) Amino Acid

(188) Alanine (ALA)

(189) Arginine (ARG)

(190) Glutamine (GLU)

(191) Glycine (GLY)

(192) Histidine (HST)

(193) Hydroxyproline (HDP)

(194) Isoleucine (ISL)

(195) Leucine (LUC)

(196) Lysine (LYS)

(197) Praline (PRL)

(198) Carbohydrate

(199) Agave nectar (AGV)

(200) Vitamin

(201) Vitamin A (VTA)

(202) Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin

(203) Vitamin C (VTC)

(204) Vitamin E (VTE)

(205) Niacinamide (NCM)

(206) Solvent

(207) Distilled water

(208) Gel

(209) Sericin

(210) Moisturizer

(211) Sodium Polyacrylate

(212) 1-Tetradecanol

EXAMPLES

(213) Dupytren's Disease and Contracture

Example 1

(214) Dupytren's Disease of the hands is an early form of what most likely will evolve overtime into Dupytren's Contracture of the hands. This relatively infrequent disease is based on northern European ancestry that increases in incidence typically from age 45-50 years of age with increasing incidence and severity of existing disease throughout the rest of these people's lives. There is a mild increase in the incidence of males over females in the progression of the disease. The earlier in life it begins the expectation of more accelerated progression and the involvement of more fingers will be experienced. It converts from Dupuytren's Disease to Dupuytren's Contracture when the fingers begin to bend in towards the palms. The abnormality begins as the Disease with the discovery of a subcutaneous nodule on the palmar surface of the hand that is usually not tender at the base of fingers 3, 4, and 5 on either hand. After a relatively short time, abnormal skin folds begin to develop below the nodule into the palm. Additional nodules may form then or at any time in the future on either hand mostly involving fingers 3, 4, and 5. Another example of involvement of any finger is observed by placing the palm on a flat surface and determining the ability to raise the affected finger up off the table. Over time, the involved fingers will not be able to rise above the flat surface. Progression of this problem is expected for any involved finger in Dupytren's Disease to Dupytren's contracture whenever the angle between any finger and the palm begins to decrease from vertical with the hands held upright. Ongoing disease progression of Dupytren's Contracture will be noted with further movement of the fingers into the palm, as shown in FIG. 1. This degree of curvature is measured to document ongoing progression of the disease.

(215) The disclosed composition halts the progression of Dupuytren's disease to the Dupuytren's contracture stage. All nodules show significant decrease in size which appears to happen within the first 2-4 months of treatment.

Example 2

(216) White male, 69 years old, developed palm nodules and skin folds at base of both left and right hands with rigid third digits in 2014. When the left hand had progressed to bend towards the palm at 5 degrees in 2015, the first preliminary product formulation used twice daily, thoroughly rubbing it into the skin, made nodules disappear and stopped progression of contracture of third digit. The composition was applied to both fingers twice a day. Within a few weeks of using the composition, the nodule size and thickness began to decrease, first on the left hand and then followed on the right hand. More importantly, the left fourth finger had returned back to vertical, reversing from the early Contracture Stage back to the Disease Stage of Dupuytren's. Many months usage of the product kept these progressions limited. However, when no product was available for 6 months in 2017, ventral surface cords developed with new chords extending into the palm on both the left and right hands extending from the fourth fingers down into the palm. When product became available again, the previous progression of these lesions halted with continuous usage of this product twice a day up to November, 2018. Current observations show decreased skin folds, softening of the flexor chords, and no new contractures noted with continued twice a day usage.

Example 3

(217) White male, 66 years of age developed skin nodules and skin folds on left and right third digits at the base. Both nodules disappeared and skin folds decreased with 6 months of twice a day applications.

Example 4

(218) A small clinical trial for the use of the disclosed composition for patients with active Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture was conducted in Ukraine with two patients.

(219) The first is a 73 year old male, 5 foot 6 inches weighing 139 pounds who had untreated contractures on the right hand for 11 years and on the left hand for 16 years. Prior to treatment, the right hand had a fifth finger Stage 3 contracture with 100° of flexion and a left hand fifth finger Stage 4 contracture with 150° of flexion. After 6 weeks of treatment with the disclosed composition, the right hand fifth finger contraction reduced to a Stage 2 contracture with 55° of flexion, but the left hand Stage 4 contraction treated for the same time remained a stage 4 lesion that only reduced to a 140° of flexion.

(220) The second patient in this preliminary trial was also a 73 year old male, 5 foot 8 inches weighing 194 pounds who had untreated contractures on the right fifth digit Stage I with 25° of flexion and a fourth digit Stage 2 with 75° of flexion for 13 years. The left hand had a fifth digit Stage 3 contraction with 95° of flexion and a fourth finger Stage 4 contraction with 140° contraction for 9 years. After 6 weeks of treatment with the disclosed composition, the right hand Pith digit Stage 1 lesion with 25° of flexion remained a Stage 1 but no longer had any degrees of flexion. The right hand fourth digit Stage 2 contracture with 75° flexion reduced to 55° of flexion. The left hand fifth digit Stage 3 contracture with 95° of flexion reduced to a Stage 2 contraction with 45° of flexion. The left hand fourth finger Stage 4 contraction with 140° of flexion reduced to a Stage 3 contracture with 110° of contraction.

(221) Table 5 lists the composition formulation for treatment of Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture.

(222) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Apricot Kernal Oil (AKO) 5 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Baobab Oil (BAB) 2.5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Distilled water 500 ml Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Elemi Oil (EMO) 5 ml Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Geranium Oil (GER) 2.5 ml Lysine (LYS) 5 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Ho Wood Oil (HWO) 2.5 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Jasmine Oil (JAS) 2.5 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Lavandin Oil (LVO) 10 ml Sericin 50 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Marula Oil (MRL) 2.5 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Nerolina Oil (NRL) 2.5 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Palmarosa Oil (PLO) 2.5 ml Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Rosemary Oil (RMO) 5 ml Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Tamanu Oil (TMU) 5 ml
Abrasions, Cuts, & Minor Burns

Example 5

(223) There are many first aid products currently on the market focused on treating abrasions (FIG. 2A), cuts (FIG. 2B), and minor burns (FIG. 2C) that have a variety of effectiveness and varied times to achieve healing compared to no treatment besides cleansing. One of the oldest compositions and most successful in terms of global distribution is a triple antibiotic ointment called NEOSPORIN™ by Johnson & Johnson (1952). Its formulation is very basic including three antibiotics: neomycin, polymyxin, and bacitracin. It also contains petroleum jelly, cocoa butter, cottonseed oil, sodium pyruvate, and tocopheryl acetate. Since many users develop allergies to neomycin, Johnson & Johnson offers a double antibiotic composition containing only bacitracin and polymyxin called POLYSPORIN™. The NEOSPORIN™ composition, while very popular for years, has essentially no ingredients proven to hasten healing. Petroleum jelly from oil compositions is also called Vaseline as branded by Unilever and only prevents moisture loss from the skin. The only potentially healing agent would be cocoa butter that is processed from whole cocoa beans and melts at just under body temperature, making it convenient to use in many compositions, including soaps and lotions. Cocoa butter contains Oleic acid (34.5%—Omega-9, used in food and soap), Stearic acid (34.5%—surfactant, detergents, soaps, lubricants), Palmitic acid (26.0%—soaps, food compositions, cosmetics), Linoleic acid (3.2%—Omega-6, essential oil, surfactant, anti-inflammatory), Arachidic acid (1.0%—detergents, lubricants) and Palmitoleic acid (0.3%—Omega-7). Cottonseed oil is a cooking oil. Sodium pyruvate protects against peroxides. Tocopherol acetate is a form of Vitamin E that can resist acid destruction. None of these NEOSPORIN™ components are able to hasten healing in the skin.

(224) Establishing formulations for these problems is complicated by utilizing many of the components collected due to their long history of enabling accelerated healing. The disclosed composition has been used by nearly a dozen people who had received abrasions, cuts, and minor burns at different times. The results of their use of the composition show a consistent ability to heal these skin wounds rapidly, usually within 2 to 7 days depending upon the size of the wound. Small wounds or injuries usually are sealed and healed within 2-4 days. The larger abrasions on extremities heal well with little evidence of scarring within 7-9 days that would normally take 10 to 14 days. So these results demonstrate a composition that clearly improves healing in a short time scale with little scarring after it is healed. There also is a clear protection against microbial contamination and infection at the same time. In fact, one can simply apply the composition to an infected finger nail or toe nail that had that had been previously cut or injured that over a few days will show the infection has been eliminated while the composition continues to hasten healing.

Example 6

(225) A 39 year white male was a bicycle rider going on trails in the area. He fell while riding a trail and landed on his left side inducing a large, 5 by 12 cm skin abrasion with bleeding. On return from the ride, he washed it off and placed NEOSPORIN™ on the wound. The next day, he was offered to replace the NEOSPORIN™ with the disclosed composition. His experience with NEOSPORIN™ for this kind of partial thickness skin wound, would take 10 to 14 days for it to heal. The three times a day usage of this product permitted the healing to be essentially over in 5-6 days with little evidence of scarring.

Example 7

(226) A 70 year old white male fell at home while working outside and suffered a superficial laceration of the skin on the knee. The disclosed composition was applied to the injury after cleaning. The disclosed composition was applied three times a day. By the second day, the wound was closed and no longer weeping fluid and had lost most of its pain. By the fourth day, the wound was essentially healed over and without pain or sign of infection.

Example 8

(227) A 52 year old white male applied the disclosed composition on multiple occasions of scratches, scrapes, and cuts. The disclosed composition treats injuries without infection, and healed in half the time usually required for NEOSPORIN™.

(228) Table 6 lists the composition formulation for treatment of cuts, abrasions, and minor burns.

(229) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Abrasions, Cuts, and Minor Bums Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Anethole Anise Camphor 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Distilled water 500 ml Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Cabreuva Oil 5 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caprylic acid (CCT) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Lysine (LYS) 5 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Kaempferol 5 g Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Sericin 50 g Myrrh 5 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Nerolina Oil (NRL) 2.5 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Niaouli Oil 5 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Peppermint 5 ml Rosemary Oil (RMO) 5 ml Sachi Inchi oil 5 ml Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Tamanu Oil (TMU) 5 ml Terpineol 5 ml Thyme Red, White 5 ml
Peyronie's Disease or Induratio Penis Plastica (IPP)

Example 9

(230) Peyronie's Disease is a connective tissue disorder of the penis affecting 5% of the male population. It involves fibrous plaques developing along the fibrous sheath, the tunica albuginea, that surrounds the spongy erectile tissue, the corpus cavernosa, in the penis. When the penis fills with blood and erects, these fibrous plaques or bands prevent that portion of the penis from erecting properly. This leads to two types of deformities of the penis: the more common is a marked curvature of the penis in any direction at the point of the stricture (FIG. 3) while the least common is an hour glass stricture completely around the penis. Regardless of the type of stricture, as it progresses it causes more deformity. Penile penetration during intercourse becomes painful and eventually impossible. A small percentage of men with Dupuytren's Disease or Contracture also develop Peyronie's Disease for unknown reasons. There is no known cause of these progressive deformities of the penis. Without treatment, 10-15% will spontaneously improve over time, 40-50% will get worse, and 35-50% will not change. Currently, there is no effective treatment that does not include a high risk of doing more harm. Injection of collagenase into the plaques can soften them to reduce the strictures causing the deformities. However, if the physician happens to inject collagenase into the spongy erectile tissue, it can be weakened and fracture during intercourse producing a non-functional penis. Trying to surgically remove these plaques has a high risk of permanently injuring the penis, which can lead to internal fracture leading to non-function regarding intercourse. At this point, there is no effective treatment to this disease without a high risk of making it worse.

(231) Due to the observations of the effect of the disclosed composition in people with Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture, a similar preparation was tried in men with untreated Peyronie's disease. Four patients were selected and provided with the topical composition to apply twice a day to the region of the penis involved. At one month follow up, the first two patients, one with a marked lateral curve and the other with an hour-glass deformity near the end of the penis returned quite pleased with their results. The marked curve patient's penis had the curvature reduced by 50% at that time permitting him to again have intercourse. The second patient with the hour-glass deformity had his stricture essentially resolve in this time leaving him to have fairly normal intercourse as well. They are continuing to use the medication. The second two patients are in treatment currently and will be returning with their one month follow up soon.

Example 10

(232) A 34 year old, middle eastern male with Peyronie's disease of the cicatrix, circumferential type with significant curvature of the penis restricting intercourse. Photos and measurements were made after injection of agents into the base of the penis to cause a maximal erection of the penis. The patient was given the disclosed composition for treatment of Peyronie's Disease and told to apply it twice a day to the lesion near by tissue in the penis. On 3 month follow up, the penile constricting lesion had significantly loosened with a resulting reduction of the curvature from 80 degrees down to 45 degrees which has been sufficient to permit intercourse. Additional treatment and follow up are underway.

Example 11

(233) A 38 year old, middle eastern male with Peyronie's disease of the dorsal ligament as a thickened nodule causing a dorsal and partially lateral curvature of the penis with significant curvature of the penis restricting intercourse. Photos and measurements were made after injection of agents into the base of the penis to cause a maximal erection of the penis. The patient was given the disclosed composition for treatment of Peyronie's Disease and told to apply it twice a day to the lesion near by tissue in the penis. After 4 months of follow up, the dorsal penile ligament lesion had softened permitting the curvature to reduce from 65 degrees down to 35 degrees permitting the ability to have intercourse again. Treatment continues with additional observation periods in follow up.

(234) Table 7 lists the composition formulation for treatment of Peyronie's Disease or Induration Penis Plastica.

(235) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Peyronie's Disease or Induration Penis Plastica Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Anethole Anise Camphor 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Distilled water 500 ml Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Elemi Oil (EMO) 5 ml Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Lysine (LYS) 5 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Marula Oil (MRL) 2.5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Sericin 50 g Palo Santo 2.5 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Rosemary Oil (RMO) 5 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Terpineol 5 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g
Exposed Aging Skin

Example 12

(236) As everyone ages overtime, their skin is under easy observation, and readily shows multiple aging changes. The age relating skin changes include thinning of the outer surface of the skin, loss of substance and softness in both the outer and deeper skin components, wrinkles, easy bruising, appearance of pigmented flat lesions, scaly lesions, skin tags, loss of hair, and scratches which take much longer to heal (FIG. 4A). The appearance and the rate of the increasing incidence of these aging disorders predominantly depend upon the individual's history of sun exposure, history and the degree of routine skin care, race, as well as, genetics. An increasing incidence of skin cancers also will occur with increasing age. Routine skin care of the face, as well as, the use of sun protectants is more common in both men and women than routine skin care of the hands, arms, legs, and feet. Thus, it is very common to see multiple types of accelerated skin aging problems in the arms and hands of the vast majority of the aging populations.

(237) If one examines the USA population by age from 2016, one finds there are 49.4 million people over the age of 64 years of age (FIG. 4B). This is 15.2% of the population that is subject to aging skin and would certainly have the skin aging readily observable and open for potential treatment. Of this age group, 44.3% are males and 55.7% are females. While aging skin can certainly begin in the 55 year olds, it is not as frequent as in the >64 year olds.

Example 13

(238) A 72 year old, white male, had progressive hair loss on the dorsal surfaces of both forearms and hands that had progressed over the last several years. Skin thinning had also progressed to the marked reduction of surface hair and easy bruising of the skin. Several superficial skin tears had also occurred leaving scars.

(239) There were many actinic keratoses present on these same surfaces from previous sun damage. This person had been using moisturizers for several years on these surfaces without any effect on delaying these-age related changes. The disclosed composition was applied to the dorsal surface of the right forearm while moisturizers were continued on the left forearm. Within a couple of months, there was noticeable difference in the appearance of the two forearms. The left forearm was unchanged. The right forearm skin had begun to thicken with increased terger of the skin noted along with the epidermal layer clearly thickening. The actinic keratoses began to flatten and become thinner and smoother. Then, new hair began to appear across the right forearm without any new hair forming on the left forearm. The test subject was allowed to apply the disclosed composition to both forearms after the changes became quite obvious when examining both forearms. Several months of continued use of the disclosed composition on both forearms shows established hair, both dark and white, growing well to its normal length, increased dermal thickening, strengthening and thickening of the epidermis without any new tears, and ongoing reduction in the actinic keratoses size and appearance.

(240) Table 8 lists the composition formulation for treatment of exposed aging skin.

(241) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Old-Age Skin Treatment Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Distilled water 500 ml Cabreuva Oil 5 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Caffeic acid 5 g Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Lysine (LYS) 5 g Elemi Oil (EMO) 5 ml Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Geranium Oil (GER) 2.5 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Ho Wood Oil (HWO) 2.5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Jasmine Oil (JAS) 2.5 ml Sericin 50 g Kaempferol 5 g Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Valine (VAL) 5 g Lavandin Oil (LVO) 10 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Marula Oil (MRL) 2.5 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Myrrh 5 ml Nerolina Oil (NRL) 2.5 ml Niaouli Oil 5 ml Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Palmarosa Oil (PLO) 2.5 ml Palo Santo 2.5 ml Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Peppermint 5 ml Rose Hip Seed oil 5 ml Rosemary Oil (RMO) 5 ml Sachi Inchi oil 5 ml Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Tamanu Oil (TMU) 5 ml Vetiver 2.5 ml
Toe Nail Fungus

Example 14

(242) Toe nail fungus is medically known as onychomycosis, or tinea unguium, commonly affects toe nails and can be progressive to the state of nail destruction, if not treated properly (FIG. 5). It can also affect the finger nails. It is the most common of all the nail afflictions affecting 10% of the population and represents 50% of all nail afflictions. The progression is from mild forms to the most severe with loss of most of the normal nail.

(243) The pathogens involved in onchyomycosis are all represented in the fungus kingdom that includes dermatophytes in the western world and Candida and non-dermatophyes in the tropics and subtropics. The dermatophytes most common representative is Trichophyton rubrum with multiple related species. Candida species predominantly affect the finger nails, rather than the toe nails. The non-dermatophytes are predominantly molds, mostly from the genus of Neoscytalidium, Scopulariopsis, and Aspergillus. Conditions that can be confused with onychomycosis include nail psoriasis, lichen planus, contact dermatitis, and nail bed tumors such as melanoma, thrauma, and Q yellow nail syndrome.

(244) Six patients with this condition have used the disclosed composition for treating infected toe nails. One patient had the most involvement with all ten toe nails involved to the severe stage. His podiatrist suggested he needed to have all ten nails removed to enable healing his problem. He was supplied with the disclosed formulation with application once a day after showering, as well as, keeping his nails trimmed well through out the treatment. Within one month, most all of the nails were growing out with normal nails below the fungal infected outer edge. By two to three months, all of the toe nails had been eliminated from their fungus. The other patients had involvements of lesser degree, but all patients had eliminated their toe nail fungus in a similar time frame.

Example 15

(245) A 66 year old white male had chronic, severe onychomycosis involving fungal infections of all of his toe nails and was being followed by a podiatrist. After trying several known potential remedies over months to a few years, the podiatrist told this patient that there was nothing else topically to help his problem. He asked to schedule him for removal of all of his toenails so he could remove the difficult to heal infected toenails and clear the growth beds that were not responding to his treatment. He delayed the proposed surgery and started applying the disclosed composition daily to his nails after showering. Before starting the treatment, the podiatrist cleaned the extra debris from the infection and cut the nails close. Within a few weeks, the toenails began to heal and growing out healthy nails from the nail beds. When all of the infected toenail and base had been cleared, he had normal looking nails and no longer needed the surgery the podiatrist wanted to perform.

Example 16

(246) A 69 year old white male had developed chronic onychomycosis, or toe nail fungus, involving most of the toe nails on both feet, but with different degrees of infection. The disclosed composition was applied once a day on all of the nails after shower or bath. The nails were to be kept well clipped and the disclosed composition applied daily. Over a few weeks, the mildly infected nails cleared of their fungus, but the more heavily infected nails took a few more weeks to clear. But, at the end, all of the nails recovered from their fungal infection.

(247) Table 9 lists the composition formulation for treatment of toe nail fungus.

(248) TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Toe Nail Fungus Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Anethole Anise Camphor 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Distilled water 500 ml Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Cabreuva Oil 5 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caprylic acid (CCT) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Leucine (LUC) 5 g Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Lysine (LYS) 5 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 gm Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Myrrh 5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Niaouli Oil 5 ml Sericin 50 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Peppermint 5 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Terpineol 5 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Thyme Red, White 5 ml Winter Savory 5 ml
Aphthous Ulcers

Example 17

(249) Aphthous ulcers or stomatitis are characterized by repeated, benign and non-contagious oral cavity ulcerations that are self-limited to usually 7-10 days, as shown in FIG. 6. These are painful and sensitive to increased pain by topical exposure to compositions with excessive pH, spices, and increased temperature. Episodes usually occur 3-6 times a year for several years around the time of adolescence. There is no known cause, but are thought to be multi-factorial.

(250) While the ulceration triggers are not identified, the ulcers develop due to immune cell reactions from T-cells, mast cells, and macrophages to unknown triggers with the emphasis on T-cell involvement. Forty percent of persons getting these lesions have a family history of involvement. Some episodes seem to clearly be responding to acute, excessive stress in those who get these ulcers, but most do not. The natural duration of 7-10 days remains fairly uniform, even in spite of several different types of proposed treatments.

(251) The disclosed composition has demonstrated the ability to reduce the duration of these ulcers to 2-4 days while relieving the pain. However, it does not appear to prevent the regular occurrence of these ulcers. Approximately 10 patients have used this formulation and uniformly experience a shorter duration of time and a reduction of pain.

Example 18

(252) A 65 year old white male, was having occasional episodes of aphthous ulcers of the mouth that were typical in severity and duration with pain lasting 7 to IO days and final clearing from 2 to 2.5 weeks. These aphthous ulcers were occurring every three to four months without an obvious cause. The disclosed composition was applied at the start of an episode. The disclosed composition was designed to be thick enough to stay within the bed of the ulcer with application 2 to 4 times a day. From starting the use of the disclosed composition on the first day of the lesion appearing, and treating it 3 times a day after meals and again at bed time, the ulcer lost its pain in 2-3 days and disappeared in 4-5 days. Due to benzocaine being used as a product ingredient, the ulcer had a significant decrease in pain during the treatment phase and prior to its healing.

(253) Table IO lists the composition formulation for treatment of aphthous ulcers of the mouth.

(254) TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Aphthous Ulcers of the Mouth Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Anethole Anise Camphor 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Benzocaine 3 g Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Distilled water 500 ml Cabreuva Oil 5 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Caffeic acid 5 g Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Caprylic acid (CCT) 10 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Cedarwood essential Oil 2.5 nl Leucine (LUC) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Lysine (LYS) 5 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Niaouli Oil 5 ml Sericin 50 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Peppermint 5 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Thyme Red, White 5 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Winter Savory 5 ml
Cutaneous Involvement of Scleroderma

Example 19

(255) Scleroderma is a systemic disease that results in progressive fibrosis of organs starting with skin lesions that can then progress to involving major organs, such as, the heart, lungs, intestines and kidneys. The pathophysiology for the skin appears to involve the laying down in a random orientation of collagen much like scar formation diffusively in the subcutaneous tissues. This leads to joint immobilization starting in the fingers and spreading into the wrists and elbows as well as in the toes and ankle (FIG. 7). Its increased pressure beneath the skin also reduces blood flow causing extensive Raynaud's phenomenon, or skin blanching episodes on the digits that readily leads to poorly healing ulcerations and potential digit loss.

(256) A white female, 52 years old developed Scleroderma with cutaneous manifestations that resulted in contractures of all the joints of the fingers on both hands, both wrists, and early limitations of both elbows. Fibrosis of the fingers only left about 5-10% motion in all fingers. The wrist joints were about 50% inhibited with elbows about 30% inhibited, all due to the subcutaneous fibrosis. She had evidence of some areas of collagen formation beneath the skin in both upper extremities. The patient's primary complaint was that her skin was giving her so many symptoms on a 24 hour basis; she was treating subcutaneous discomfort in both arms with over the counter skin moisturizers every two hours without much relief, including at night. She tested the disclosed composition on the skin of both arms and found symptomatic relief. Instead of every two hours, she found by applying this product only every 12 hours, she got improved relief of her previous cutaneous symptoms. In addition, she had developed significant Raynaud's Phenomenon on fingers on both hands with early joint ulcerations noted on several fingers. With some early systemic symptoms, she was treated with an oral drug for Scleroderma for several months but systemic disease progression continued. She underwent bone marrow ablation and received a bone marrow transplant and is currently under remission. The disclosed composition was discontinued when her disease progression began to advance to systemic symptoms.

(257) Table 11 lists the composition formulation for treatment of cutaneous scleroderma.

(258) TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 Cutaneous Scleroderma Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Distilled water 500 ml Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Elemi Oil (EMO) 5 ml Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Geranium Oil (GER) 2.5 ml Lysine (LYS) 5 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Ho Wood Oil (HWO) 2.5 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Jasmine Oil (JAS) 2.5 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Lavandin Oil (LVO) 10 ml Sericin 50 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Marula Oil (MRL) 2.5 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Nerolina Oil (NRL) 2.5 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Palo Santo 2.5 ml Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Rose Hip Seed Oil 10 ml Rosemary Oil (RMO) 5 ml Sachi Inchi oil 5 ml Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Tamanu Oil (TMU) 5 ml
Raynaud's (or Renaud's) Phenomenon Preparation

Example 20

(259) Raynaud's Phenomenon or Syndrome is a medical condition that involves episodic spasm of the arteries that markedly reduces blood flow to the hands and/or feet that can eventually lead to poorly healing ulcers and to gangrene with loss of digits (FIG. 8). The episodes affecting the hands or feet initially turn white and later blue, often with associated numbness or pain. As the spasm ends with blood flow returning, the affected parts turn red and are typically painful. These episodes usually only last a few minutes, but can last for hours. There are two major types of Raynaud's Phenomenon that includes 4% of the population: primary without a known cause and secondary which occurs related to other primary conditions. The secondary conditions that can cause these episodes include immune disorders, such as, lupus and scleroderma, former trauma including frost bite, smoking, thyroid problems, and certain medications, such as, birth control pills. The existing primary treatment is to eliminate known stimulants, such as, smoking and to avoid exposing the affected extremities to cold temperatures. If these are not effective, then calcium channel blockers or a vasodilator can be tried. There currently are no other known remedies.

(260) The patient that presented with scleroderma also suffered from Raynaud's phenomenon in both hands with sufficient frequency and intensity that multiple ulcers formed on the dorsum of several digits. The disclosed composition for treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon was applied to the hands, between episodes of Raynaud's attacks, of the patient with scleroderma and improved the color of the fingers which also were found by palpation to be warmer.

(261) Table 12 lists the composition formulation for treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon.

(262) TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 Raynaud's Phenomenon Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Distilled water 500 ml Caffeic acid 5 g Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT) 10 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Lysine (LYS) 5 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Praline (PRL) 5 g Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Terpineol 5 ml Sericin 50 g Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g
Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy Induced Oral Mucosal Lesions

Example 21

(263) A common problem with both systemic irradiation and chemotherapy is the development of multiple induced oral mucosa! ulcers scattered throughout the mouth to the 40-60% patient incidence level (FIG. 9). These are very painful and have no known treatment at the moment. The pathophysiology of these ulcers relates to the fact that the oral mucosa! lining cells normally have a rapid turnover and replacement time. Whenever chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy in the body occurs, the turnover replication rate of these oral mucosa! lining cells reduces significantly. This means these cells cannot replicate sufficiently fast enough to replace their normal losses resulting in the formation of a mucosa with major gaps in their surface cell coverage.

(264) Currently there is no treatment for this painful consequence of the tumor treatment. The significant factor one has to consider in developing a replacement is that the increased cell replication agent cannot interfere with the treatment of the tumor. This means that the treatment has to remain local within the mouth and cannot be absorbed into the body that is being treated for systemic cancers.

(265) Table 13 lists the composition formulation for treatment of chemotherapy/radiation therapy induced oral mucosa! lesions.

(266) TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy Induced Oral Mucosa! Lesions Composition Formulation Hydrophobic Components amount Hydrophilic Components amount a-Pinene (APN) 60 ml 1-Tetradecanol 2.5 g Acai Berry 10 ml AF (Artie Fish) Collagen (AFC) 40 g Anethole Anise Camphor 5 ml Agave nectar (AGV) 10 ml Argan Nut Oil (AGN) 5 ml Alanine (ALA) 5 g Baobab Oil (BAB) 5 ml Aloe Vera Leaf Gel (AVLG) 275 g Bees Wax (BW) 40 g Arginine (ARG) 5 g Benzoin (BZN) 4 ml Distilled water 500 ml Benzyl Alcohol (BA) 50 ml Ferulic Acid (FRA) 10 g Cabreuva Oil 5 ml Glutamine (GLU) 5 g Calendula Oil (CDA) 5 ml Glycine (GLY) 5 g Camellia Oil (CMA) 10 ml Histidine (HST) 5 g Capaiba Oil (CPO) 10 ml Hydroxyproline (HDP) 5 g Caprylic, Capric Triglyceride (CCT) 10 ml Isoleucine (ISL) 5 g Carvacrol (CVC) 5 ml Lecithin (LCT) 25 g Caryophyllene (CAP) 10 ml Leucine (LUC) 5 g Cedarwood essential Oil 2.5 ml Linoleic Acid (LOA) 5 ml Cetyl Alcohol (CTA) 40 g Lysine (LYS) 5 g Chamomile German Oil (CGB) 10 ml Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM) 25 g Ghana Shea Butter (GSB) 275 g Niacinamide (NCM) 2.5 g Glycerol (GLY) 10 ml Oleic Acid (OLA) 5 ml Kaempferol 5 g Praline (PRL) 5 g Kanuka Oil (KNO) 2.5 ml Protocatechuic Acid (PCT) 10 g Limonene Oil (LMN) 40 ml Sericin 50 g Litsea Cubeba Oil (LCO) 5 ml Sodium Polyacrylate 20 g Niaouli Oil 5 ml Vitamin A (VTA) 2.5 g Black Cumin Seed Oil (BCS) 50 ml Vitamin B3 (VTB3) or Niacin 12.5 g Panthenol (PNT) 10 ml Vitamin C (VTC) 2.5 g Peppermint 5 ml Vitamin E (VTE) 2.5 g Sea Buckthorn Oil (SBO) 5 ml Thyme Red, White 5 ml Winter Savory 5 ml
Methods of Making Compositions

Example 22

(267) The methods involved in producing these compositions are generally similar, but have different components for each composition. There are hydrophobic components and hydrophilic components that must be initially mixed separately under different temperature controls and then combined together properly. As many of these components are not liquid at room temperature, heating to phase change so they all become liquids is the first requirement. The first temperature level for the first mixture is set at 40° C. to 50° C., preferably 45° C., with a 300 to 500 rotations per minute (RPM), preferably 400 RPM, propeller mixing speed. All of the components that are a liquid or become a liquid at that temperature are mixed together in one of two vessels: a hydrophobic vessel and a hydrophilic vessel. The remaining unmixed components require higher temperatures to become liquid. Thus, the temperatures of the mixtures are increased to 60° C. to 80° C., preferably 60° C., and the speed of rotation is increased to 700 to 900 RPM, preferably 800 RPM. The remaining hydrophobic group components are added to its vessel and the hydrophilic group components are added to its vessel. After sufficient time of 1 to 8 hours, preferably more than 8 hours, for mixing and completion of reaction in each of the two vessels, the mixed hydrophilic group of components is then poured into the hydrophobic group vessel, maintaining the 700 to 900 RPM, preferably 800 RPM and the 60° C. to 80° C., preferably 60° C., temperature for another 10-40 minutes, preferably 20 minutes, of reaction time. At this point, the mixture is slowly cooled to room temperature over several hours of 2 to 10 hours while reducing the mixing speed to 500-700 RPM, preferably 600 RPM, continuing to insulate the mixing container. This lets the mixture cool to ambient room temperature of 25° C. to 37° C., preferably 25° C., over a slow period time while continuously being thoroughly mixed. When cooled to room temperature, the propeller is stopped and this final mixing vessel is removed to a surface top. This final composition will remain semisolid until it is returned to partial liquid at 37° C. by design to melt onto the skin when applied. Filling individual pumps (15 ml to 50 ml) is the final step prior to storage and then for delivery of this composition to the purchaser on a regular basis.

(268) The information provided below is intended to compliment information provided above in this application.

(269) The below definitions and discussion are intended to guide understanding but are not intended to be limiting with regard to other disclosures in this application. References to percentage (%) in compositions of the present invention refers to the % by weight of a given component to the total weight of the composition being discussed, also signified by “w/w”, unless stated otherwise.

(270) A “composition” of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, and other hydrophobic and hydrophilic components as discussed throughout the application, for instance in Tables 1-4 above and Tables I and II below. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention is a topical composition, formulated to be applied topically to the skin. In other embodiments, a composition of the present invention may be formulated for and administered to a subject for instance by parenteral or enteral routes, injection, intravenous delivery, intramuscular, transdermal, intraperitoneal, or other routes of administration. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention is formulated for oral delivery, for instance in a discrete solid dose unit, including for instance tablets, capsules, powders, liquids, chews, gummies, transdermals, injectables, dietary supplements, topical creams, lozenges, pills, and so forth. A composition of the present invention may further comprise one or more excipients, additives, and/or other substances.

(271) In an embodiment, a composition of this invention is a water-in-oil emulsion. A water-in-oil emulsion of this invention further comprises water and an emulsifier. In an embodiment, water is distilled water, and comprises about 25-70% w/w of the emulsion and the composition. In an embodiment, water comprises about 25-50% w/w or about 50%-about 70% w/w of the emulsion. In an embodiment, an emulsifier that may be used in a water-in-oil emulsion of this invention is Tri-(polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate (Cithrol PGTL); Polyglyceryl-3 Sorbityl Linseedate (Sinerga); Polyglyceryl-2 Oleate (and) Polyhydroxystearic Acid (and) Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate (Innovacos); Polyglyceryl-3 Triolivate (Acme Hardesty); Polyglyceryl-3 Polyricilinoleate (IOI Oleo); Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate (BASF); Polyglyceryl-2 Sesquiisostearate (Clariant); Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate (Gattefosse, BASF); Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate (and) Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (Elementis); Olive Oil Polyglyceryl-6 Esters (and) Polyglyceryl-6 Pentaoleate (Coast Southwest); Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricilinoleate (and) Polyglyceryl-10 Dioleate (Grant); Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone (Evonik); Methylglucose Sesquioleate (Lubrizol); and/or Octyldodecanol(and) octyldodecyl xyloside (and) PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate (Easynov). In an embodiment, a water-in-oil emulsion of the present invention comprises about 0.1-10.0% w/w of emulsifier; about 0.5% to 5% w/w emulsifier; about 1% to about 3% emulsifier w/w; in another embodiment; or about 1% to about 2% emulsifier w/w. In an embodiment, the water-in-oil composition is a topical composition.

(272) In an embodiment, a composition of this invention may comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of components, ingredients, and/or other substances identified in this application as part of a composition, in any combination, including in particular those identified in Tables 1-4 above and Tables I-III below and emulsifiers identified in Example A. In an embodiment, said compositions comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of components and/or ingredients in percentages by weight of the composition as specified throughout the application or generally discussed in the antepenultimate paragraph of this application. Some exemplary compositions of the present invention are indicated below, as well as throughout the Tables and Examples of this application.

(273) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, and a shea butter preparation.

(274) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, and an emulsifier.

(275) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more functional oils.

(276) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, and one or more of the following functional oils: Black Cumin Seed Oil, Baobab Oil, Apricot Kernal Oil, Argan Nut Oil, Camellia Oil, Marula Oil, Sea Buckthorn Oil, Tamanu Oil, Calendula Oil, caprylic/capric triglyceride, caryophyllene, Elemi Oil, Kanuka Oil, Litsea Cubebe Oil, Palmarosa Oil, Palo Santo, Rose Hip Seed Oil, and Sachi Inchi Oil.

(277) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, and Black Cumin Seed Oil.

(278) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more soluble collagens.

(279) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more alcohols.

(280) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more anti-inflammatories.

(281) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, one or more functional oils, caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, and one or more of the following anti-inflammatories: chamomile oil, copaiba oil, oleic acid, and linoleic acid.

(282) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more anti-oxidants.

(283) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, one or more functional oils, caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, ferulic acid, one or more anti-inflammatories, and one or more of the following anti-oxidants: tocopherol, tocopheryl acetate, retinyl palmitate, and tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate.

(284) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more anti-microbials.

(285) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, one or more functional oils, caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, ferulic acid, one or more anti-inflammatories, one or more anti-oxidants, and one or more of the following anti-microbials: carvacrol, niacinamide, and one or more amino acids.

(286) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more florals.

(287) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more thickeners.

(288) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more waxes.

(289) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more fragrances.

(290) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more fatty acids.

(291) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more analgesics.

(292) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more amino acids.

(293) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more carbohydrates.

(294) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more vitamins.

(295) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more solvents.

(296) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more gels.

(297) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more moisturizers.

(298) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, and one or more additional components selected from the group consisting of functional oils, soluble collagens, alcohols, anti-inflammatories, anti-oxidants, anti-microbials, florals, thickeners, waxes, fragrances, fatty acids, analgesics, amino acids, carbohydrates, vitamins, solvents, gels, and moisturizers.

(299) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, one or more functional oils, caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, ferulic acid, methyl sulfonyl methane, magnesium sulfate, propylene glycol, one or more anti-inflammatories, one or more anti-oxidants, and one or more anti-microbials.

(300) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, an emulsifier, soluble collagen, one or more functional oils, caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, ferulic acid, methyl sulfonyl methane, magnesium sulfate, propylene glycol, betaine, sodium PCA, sodium lactate, PCA, 1,2-hexane diol, caprylyl glycol, one or more anti-inflammatories, one or more anti-oxidants, and one or more anti-microbials.

(301) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention comprises alpha-pinene, an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, Tri-(polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate, soluble collagen, one or more functional oils, caryophyllene, caprylic/capric triglyceride, ferulic acid, methyl sulfonyl methane, magnesium sulfate, propylene glycol, betaine, sodium PCA, sodium lactate, PCT, 1,2-hexane diol, caprylyl glycol, one or more anti-inflammatories, one or more anti-oxidants, and one or more anti-microbials.

(302) While the following substances may be included in a composition of the present invention, in an embodiment, a composition of this invention does not comprise a drug of addiction in pharmacologically significant amounts, beta-pinene added individually or as a substantial component of a natural product, a propellant such as for a mousse or spray, and/or trans-tert-butyl-cyclohexanol. In an embodiment, compositions of the present invention are not formulated as a sunblock, not formulated to complement other specific compounds or families of compounds other than those identified in the present application, not formulated to prevent diaper rash or provide a barrier on the skin to protect from urine and feces, and/or are not formulated as an additive to other compositions. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention requires water, and is not anhydrous. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention may include any or all of the above.

(303) In the present invention, an “effective amount” of a composition refers to an amount of alpha-pinene, an aloe preparation, a shea butter preparation, and other components and/or ingredients of a composition of the present invention needed to be administered to a subject, for instance enough composition to be topically applied to the skin, in an area of the skin for treatment or alleviation, and if necessary for treatment or alleviaton to reach a subject's bloodstream and/or bodily tissues and thereby improve the condition to be treated or alleviated, such as Dupuytren's disease and/or contracture and others as discussed throughout this application. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention is formulated to include an effective amount to treat one or more of the conditions described throughout this application. Percentages by weight of at least alpha-pinene, an aloe preparation, a shea butter preparation, along with other components and/or ingredients described throughout this application, in a composition of the present invention, provide an effective amount of these substances, when the composition is topically applied to the affected area in sufficient volume.

(304) In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to a method of treatment or alleviation of Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture; Abrasions, Cuts, and Minor Burns; Peyronie's Disease or Induratio Penis Plastica; Aging Skin; Nail Fungus; Aphthous Ulcers; Cutaneous Involvement of Scleroderma; Raynaud's Phenomenon; Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy Induced Oral Mucosal Lesions; Plantar Fasciitis; Arthritis; Sun Burn; and/or Baldness. The method comprises the step of applying a composition of the present invention to an area affected by the above diseases or wounds. In addition, the present invention is directed to a method of promoting Wound Healing, for instance by decreasing time for a wound to heal, and a method of promoting hair growth on the arms, legs, and scalp.

(305) For the treatment or alleviation of Dupuytren's disease and contracture, the improvement provided by the topical application of a composition such as described in Table 5 to an affected area such as the hands is described as in Examples 1-4, above, for instance with a decrease in nodule size or contracture of the hands. Similarly, in an embodiment, large-scale composition described in Example A treats or alleviates Dupuytren's disease when topically applied over the affected area, for instance by decreasing nodule size and/or contracture. For instance as discussed in Example A, in an embodiment 15-30 ml of the composition of Table III prepared according to the process of Example A was applied to the hands of an adult male suffering from Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture. The topical application, twice daily, reduced symptoms including contracture symptoms prevented progression of the disease for a period of several months, as of the date of filing this application.

(306) For the treatment of Abrasions, Cuts, and Minor Burns, the improvement provided by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to an abrasion, cut, and/or minor burn, such as described in Table 6 and Examples 5-8 above. In another embodiment, compositions of the present invention improve Wound Healing (that is, healing of abrasions, cuts, and/or minor burns). Similarly, in an embodiment, the large-scale composition described in Example A provides Wound Healing properties and treats abrasions, cuts, and minor burns according to the present invention.

(307) For the treatment of Peyronie's Disease or Induratio Penis Plastica, improvements by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to the penis, such as described in Table 7 and Examples 9-11 above, including for instance a reduction in curvature of the penis and ability of the subject to resume/participate in intercourse. Similarly, in an embodiment, the large-scale composition described in Example A treats Peyronie's Disease or Induratio Penis Plastica when applied to the penis of a subject suffering from the condition.

(308) For the treatment of the condition of Aging Skin, improvement by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to aging skin, such as described in Table 8 and Examples 12-13 above. Similarly, in an embodiment, the large-scale composition described in Example A treats Aging Skin for instance by improving its thickness and ability to grow hair.

(309) For the treatment of Nail Fungus such as Toe Nail Fungus, the improvement by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to the area afflicted with fungus, such as described in Table 9 and Examples 14-16 above, is elimination or reduction of the fungal infection. Similarly, in an embodiment, the topical application of the large-scale composition described in Example A treats Nail Fungus such as Toe Nail Fungus.

(310) For the treatment of Aphthous Ulcers, the improvement by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to the aphthous ulcer, such as described in Table 10 and Examples 17-18 above, reduces the duration and/or relieves pain from the ulcer. Similarly, in an embodiment, the topical application of the large-scale composition described in Example A treats Aphthous Ulcers.

(311) For the treatment of Cutaneous Involvement of Scleroderma, the improvement by the topical application a composition of the present invention to a skin lesion from scleroderma, as discussed in Table 11 and Example 19 above, relieves discomfort and other symptoms. Similarly, in an embodiment, the large-scale composition described in Example A treats skin lesions associated with Scleroderma.

(312) For the treatment of Raynaud's Phenomenon, the improvement by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to affected areas such as fingers and toes, such as described in Table 12 and Example 20 above, includes for instance improving the color and or warmth of the subject's digits. Similarly, in an embodiment, the large-scale composition described in Example A treats Raynaud's Phenomenon.

(313) For the treatment of Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy Induced Oral Mucosal Lesions, the improvement by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to said lesions, such as described in Table 13 and Example 21 above, includes reducing the size of the lesion and/or associated pain. Similarly, in an embodiment, the large-scale composition described in Example A treats Oral Mucosal Lesions induced by Chemotherapy/Radiation Therapy.

(314) Other conditions may be treated by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to the affected area, such as the large-scale composition described in Table III and Example A, and other compositions described throughout this application, including those described in Tables 5-13.

(315) In an embodiment, Plantar Fasciitis is treated by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to the heels and surrounding areas of the feet, such as the large-scale composition described in Example A, and other compositions described throughout this application. Treatment of Plantar Fasciitis according to the present invention relieves inflammation and/or pain in the heels and feet of the subject.

(316) In an embodiment, Arthritis may be treated by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to a joint of the body such as a knee, elbow, hands, or other area affected by arthritis, such as the large-scale composition described in Example A and Table III, and other compositions described throughout this application. Treatment of Arthritis according to the present invention relieves pain and inflammation in the joints.

(317) In an embodiment, Sun Burn of the skin may be treated or alleviated by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to a sun burned area, such as the large-scale composition described in Example A, and other compositions described throughout this application. Treatment or alleviation of Sun Burn of the skin according to the present invention relieves redness and/or pain on the affected area.

(318) In an embodiment, unwanted Baldness may be treated by the topical application of a composition of the present invention to an area of the scalp where hair growth is desired, such as the large-scale composition described in Example A, and other compositions described throughout this application. Treatment of Baldness of the scalp according to the present invention increases hair growth on the scalp.

(319) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention is prepared by a process of the present invention. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention may be used for the treatment of one or more of the conditions identified above. In an embodiment, the present invention is directed to the use of a composition of the present invention for the preparation of a medicament to treat one of the above conditions.

Additional Components: Tables I and II

(320) Tables I and II summarize ingredients that may be included in a composition of the present invention, in addition to those discussed elsewhere and throughout this application. Indications of functions are intended as descriptive of an embodiment of the invention and not limiting, and are not meant to bind the present invention by theory. In an embodiment, a component of a composition of this invention may provide one, and/or more than one, function in the composition. The below Tables are intended to add to Tables 1-4, above, and to be understood in that context. In an embodiment, optional components of the present invention such as those listed below are individually less than 10% of a composition of this invention (w/w); less than 5% of a composition of this invention (w/w); less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, or less than 0.5% w/w of a composition of this invention (w/w). Taken together, for instance as described throughout this application, the ingredients identified allow for variation in formulation while retaining usefulness such as described in this application.

(321) TABLE-US-00014 TABLE I Component Hydrophobic Scientific Name/ % of Composition Component Function Formula (w/w) Acai Berry Oil Anti-inflammatory, Euterpe oleracea 0.00 to 50.00% Skin Moisturizer Ajwain Oil Anti-microbial, anti- Trachyspermum ammi herb 0.00 to 50.00% inflammatory Almond Oil Emulsifier, Emollient Prunus dulcis tree 0.00 to 50.00% Galbanum Oil, Greater Anti-inflammatory Alpinia galangal 0.00 to 50.00% Galangal Lesser Galangal Anti-Microbial Alpinia officinarum 0.00 to 50.00% Norwegian Angelica Oil Anti-inflammatory, Angelica archangelica tree 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Microbial Anise Seed Oil Micro-Emulsion, Pimpinella anisum 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Microbial Anethole Oil Micro-Emulsion, turpentine-like tree extracts 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Microbial Annato Anti-Inflammatory, B. orellana 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Oxidant, Colorant Arachidonic Acid Anti-Inflammatory, C.sub.20H.sub.32O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% Vasodilator Atlas Cedar Wood Oil Anti-Oxygen Radical, Cedarus atlantica 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Microbial Carnauba Wax Hypoallergenic, Copernica cerifera 0.00 to 50.00% Emollient, Cross- Linker Bayberry Wax Fragrance, Cross- complex; CAS 8038-77-5; 0.00 to 50.00% Linker mp 45° C. Bixin Pigment, Dye C.sub.25H.sub.30O.sub.6 0.00 to 50.00% Boesenbergia rotunda Anti-Microbial Boesenbergia rotunda 0.00 to 50.00% Cajuput or Cajeput Oil Fragrance, Anti- Melaeuca Leucadendron 0.00 to 50.00% inflammatory Canolol Oil Anti-Oxidant C.sub.10H.sub.12O.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% Cassia Oil Fragrance Cinnamomum cassia 0.00 to 50.00% Cedar Oil Anti-Microbial, Cedrus atlantica 0.00 to 50.00% Fragrance Cichoric Acid Anti-Hyaluronidase, C.sub.22H.sub.18O.sub.12; 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Collagenase {2R,3R}-2,3- bis[[(E)-3-(3,4- dihydroxyphenyl)prop- 2-enoyl]oxy] butanedioic acid Chlorogenic Acid Anti-Oxidant C.sub.16H.sub.18O.sub.9 0.00 to 50.00% Chlorophyll Oil Colorant, Pigment CAS 1406-65-1 0.00 to 50.00% Coumaric Acid Anti-Oxidant, Anti- C.sub.9H.sub.8O.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% inflammatory CoEnzyme Q10 Anti-Oxidant C.sub.59H.sub.90O.sub.4 0.00 to 50.00% Copaiba Oil Anti-inflammatory Copaifera langsdorff 0.00 to 50.00% Costmary Oil Anti-Microbial Tanacetum balsamita 0.00 to 50.00% herb Cubeb Oil Fragrance Piper cubeba 0.00 to 50.00% Curcumin Anti-oxidant, IC.sub.21H.sub.20O.sub.6, 0.00 to 50.00% Fragrance C.sub.21H.sub.20O.sub.6 Davana Oil Fragrance Artemisia pallens 0.00 to 50.00% Emu Oil Micro-Emulsion, Dromaius novahollandiae 0.00 to 50.00% High Oleic Acid bird content Ethyl Cinnamate Oil Fragrance, Anti- Cinnamomum verum 0.00 to 50.00% Microbial Eucalyptol Oil Anti-Inflammatory, Eucalyptus obliqua 0.00 to 50.00% Fragrance Frankincense Oil Fragrance Boswellia carteri 0.00 to 50.00% Galangin Anti-Microbial, C.sub.15H.sub.10O.sub.5 0.00 to 50.00% flavonol from Lesser Galangal Ginger Oil Fragrance Zingiber officianale 0.00 to 50.00% Helichrysum Oil Anti-Oxidant Helichrysum orientale 0.00 to 50.00% Jojoba Oil Cosmetic Simmomdsia chinensis 0.00 to 50.00% Kaempferia Oil Anti-Microbial, Kaempferia galangal 0.00 to 50.00% Fragrance Lauryl Wax Surfactant, Anti- Complex 0.00 to 50.00% Microbial Lavender Oil Anti-Oxidant, Anti- Lavandula augustifolia 0.00 to 50.00% Inflammatory plants Lemon Oil Fragrance, Citrus lemon 0.00 to 50.00% Phytochemical Linalool Fragrance, Chemical C.sub.10H.sub.18O; 0.00 to 50.00% Intermediate, Insect CAS 78-70-6 Repellent Magnolia Oil Anti-Inflammatory, Magnolia grandiflora 0.00 to 50.00% Phytochemical Moringa Oil Anti-Oxidant, Anti- Moringa oleifera 0.00 to 50.00% Inflammatory Myristic Acid Fragrance, Flavor, C.sub.14H.sub.28O.sub.2; 0.00 to 50.00% Plastics, Paper 1-tetradecanoic acid Myrrh Oil Anti-Microbial, Commiphora myrrha 0.00 to 50.00% Fragrance tree Neroli Oil Fragrance, Citrus aurantium amara 0.00 to 50.00% Cosmeceutical tree - Lemon tree leaves and twigs Niola Oil Anti-Inflammatory, Citrus aurantium-amara; 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Microbial Lemons Oregano Oil Anti-Oxidant, Anti- Origanum vulgare 0.00 to 50.00% Inflammatory, Anti- Microbial Oleanolic Acid Anti-Tumor, Anti- C.sub.30H.sub.48O.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% Viral, Anti- Inflammatory Orris Oil Anti-Inflammatory, Iris germatica 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Microbial Paprika Oleoresin Fragrance, Color Capsanthin; C.sub.40H.sub.53O.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% Patchouli Oil Fragrance, Anti- Pogostemon cabalin 0.00 to 50.00% Insect plant Peppermint Oil Flavor, Anti-Septic, Mentha piperota 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Insect Perilla Seed Oil Omega-3-Fatty Acid, Kkaennip-deulgireum 0.00 to 50.00% Industrial Petitgrain Oil Fragrance Citrus autantium amara 0.00 to 50.00% Phellandrene Fragrance Cyclohexadiene C.sub.10H.sub.16 0.00 to 50.00% Pine Oil Disinfectant Pinus sylvestris tree 0.00 to 50.00% Ravensara Oil Anti-Microbial Ravensara aromatica 0.00 to 50.00% Resinoid Oil Fragrance Benzoin: C.sub.14H.sub.12O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% Rose Hip Seed Oil Pytonutrients, Rosa moschata and/or 0.00 to 50.00% Essential Fatty Acids Rosa rubiginosa Rosemary Oil Fragrance, Salvia rosmarinus 0.00 to 50.00% Phytonutrients Sabinene Flavor, Plant C.sub.10H.sub.6 0.00 to 50.00% Stimulant Soy Wax Coating, Thickener Hydrogenated Soy Oil 0.00 to 50.00% Spearmint Oil Flavor Mentha viridis 0.00 to 50.00% Terpinene Oil Anti-Oxidant, C.sub.10H.sub.16 0.00 to 50.00% Fragrance Terpineol Alcohol Anti-Microbial, Anti- C.sub.10H.sub.18O 0.00 to 50.00% Inflammatory, Anti- Oxidant Thyme Oil Anti-Inflammatory Thymus vulgaris 0.00 to 50.00% Thyme Red Oil Diffusion Mists Thymus citriodorus 0.00 to 50.00% Thyme White Oil Anti-Microbial Thymus citriodorus 0.00 to 50.00% Thymoquinone Anti-Oxidant, Anti- From Black Seed Oil 0.00 to 50.00% Inflammatory Thymohydroquinone Anti-Oxidant, Anti- 2,5-Dimethoxy-p- 0.00 to 50.00% Methyl Ether Inflammatory cymene Tri(Polyglyceryl- Emulsifier Cithrol PGTL 0.00 to 10.00% 3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate Turmeric Oil (Curcumin) Anti-Oxidant, Anti- Curcuma longa 0.00 to 50.00% Inflammatory Ursolic Acid Anti-Mutagenic, C.sub.30H.sub.48O.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Inflammatory

(322) TABLE-US-00015 TABLE II Component Hydrophilic Scientific Name/ % of Composition Component Function Formula (w/w) Benzoic Acid Anti-Microbial, Anti- C.sub.7H.sub.6O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% Oxidant, Moisturizer CAS 115-95-7 Betaine Rx for homocystinuria Trimethyl glycine 0.00 to 50.00% Berberine Anti-Oxidant, Anti- C.sub.20H.sub.18NO.sub.4.sup.+ 0.00 to 50.00% Lipemic Drug, Anti- CAS 2086-83-1 Fungal Drug Alpha-Cadinol Anti-Fungal, Hepato- C.sub.15H.sub.16O 0.00 to 50.00% Protective CAS 41-34-5 Caramel powder Anti-Oxidant Confectionary Product 0.00 to 50.00% of Sugars Capric (Decanoic) Acid Anti-Fungal, Anti- coconut oil and palm 0.00 to 50.00% Convulsant kernel oil Dexapanthenol Emollient C.sub.9H.sub.19NO.sub.4 0.00 to 50.00% CAS 81-13-0 Glutamic Acid Nutraceutical, L- Glutamic Acid 0.00 to 50.00% Neurotransmitter 1,2-Hexanediol Cosmetic Use - Eye, C.sub.6H.sub.14O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% Face, Lipstick Hyaluronic Acid Skin Wound Repair, (C.sub.14H.sub.21NO.sub.4).sub.n 0.00 to 50.00% Orthopedic Joint Injections Isopropyl myristate Emollient, Solvent C.sub.17H.sub.34O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% Linalyl Acetate Oil C.sub.12H.sub.20O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% CAS 115-95-7 Lidocaine Local Anesthetic C.sub.14H.sub.22N.sub.2O 0.00 to 50.00% CAS 137-58-6 Magnesium Sulfate Epsom Salt, Bronchial MgSO.sub.4 0.00 to 50.00% Dilator, Anti- Inflammatory 1,2-Octanediol (Caprylyl Head Lice Treatment, C.sub.8H.sub.18O.sub.2 0.00 to 50.00% glycol) Anti-Microbial Octanoic (Caprylic) Acid Anti-Microbial, coconut oil and palm 0.00 to 50.00% Ghrelin-Induced kernel oil Stimuli A Phycobiliprotein Phycobiliprotein Phycocyanin 0.00 to 50.00% Absorption @ 621 nm Propylene Glycol Pharmaceutical CH.sub.3CHCH.sub.2OH 0.00 to 50.00% Solvent, Polymer Production, Cosmetic Solvent Purple Carrot Juice Anthocyanin Color, Dancus carota sativus 0.00 to 50.00% Anti-Oxidant Protocatechuic Acid Anti-Oxidant, Anti- DL-Pyrrolidone- 0.00 to 50.00% (PCA; Inflammatory; carboxylic acid; DihydroxyBenzoic Acid) Humectant in skin and polyglutamic acid; hair products pidolic acid; CAS 98-79-3 Red Beet Juice Betanin pigment Beta vulgaris 0.00 to 50.00% Serine Amino Acid C.sub.3H.sub.3NO.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% Sodium Hyaluronate Tissue Lubricant C.sub.28H.sub.44N.sub.2NaO.sub.23; 0.00 to 50.00% (Na salt of Hyaluronic commercially available Acid) in Etamucine, Luronit, Biolon, Amvisc Sodium Hydroxide pH adjuster, basic NaOH 0.00 to 50.00% Sodium Lactate Humectant, NaC.sub.3H.sub.5O.sub.3 0.00 to 50.00% Moisturizer Sodium Protocatechuic Anti-Oxidant, Anti- Sodium L- 0.00 to 50.00% Acid (Sodium PCA; Na Inflammatory; Pyrrolidonecarboxylate Salt of Protocatechuic Humectant Acid) Sulisobenzone UV B and UV A C.sub.14H.sub.12O.sub.6S; 0.00 to 50.00% protective sunscreen Benzophenone-4; 5-Benzoyl-4-hydroxy-2- methoxybenzenesulfonic acid Threonine Amino Acid L-Threonine 0.00 to 50.00%
Components/Ingredients Used in the Large-Scale Process and Composition of Example A Aloe Vera/Aloe Barbadensis Miller Preparations

(323) An “aloe vera preparation” of the present invention is prepared or otherwise derived from leaves of the aloe vera plant, otherwise known as Aloe barbadensis mil. In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation is a hydrophilic component of a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation is and/or includes gel taken from the inner portion of aloe vera leaves (also known as “aloe vera inner leaf gel”), for instance as described above. Aloe vera inner leaf gel is a gel that contains proteins, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, enzymes, inorganic compounds, organic compounds, and carbohydrates. The gel may be in its natural form, taken directly from the aloe vera leaf, or for instance in a processed form, for instance as a 10× or 200× concentrated dried powder. In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation of this invention may include part of or all of whole aloe vera leaves, for instance in the form of aloe vera leafjuice or an aloe vera leaf extract. An aloe vera preparation that is or includes leaf juice or is or includes leaf extract may also be in a concentrated form, for instance in a 10× or 200× dried powder. In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation of the present invention does not include the aloin or yellow or brown latex portion of the aloe leaf, and/or does not include the dark green outer covering of the leaf

(324) In an embodiment, the aloe vera inner leaf gel is in powder form, 200× concentrated. For instance, the 200× powder may be a spray-dried, light-cream-to-beige colored powder, having characteristics such as pH(1:199 w/w) 3.5-5.0, specific gravity(1:199 w/w) 0.997-1.004, 8% maximum moisture, 100% particle size through 80 mesh, certifications such as is made from pure aloe i.e. does not include fillers and/or adulterants, and/or has no pathogens present (<10 cfu/g total plate count, <10 cfu/g yeast and mold). In an embodiment, the 200× aloe vera inner leaf gel powder is spray-dried to 200× the concentration of aloe vera inner leaf gel, is light cream to beige powder, pH 4.5, specific gravity (1:199 w/w) 1.001, about 4-5% moisture (water), 100% particle size through 80 mesh, is pure aloe i.e. does not include fillers and/or adulterants, and has no pathogens present (<10 cfu/g total plate count, <10 cfu/g yeast and mold). In a preferred embodiment, the aloe vera preparation is Terra-Pure™ Certified Spray Dried Aloe Vera Inner Leaf Powder Regular, 200× (Terry Laboratories, Melbourne Fla., USA). In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation including a 200× aloe vera preparation comprises or consists of inner leaf juice, made by removing the rind of the leaf prior to processing and then rinsing away aloe latex. The remaining, gelatinous inner-leaf material is then ground/crushed into aloe vera inner leaf juice.

(325) In an embodiment, aloe vera according to the present invention includes other parts of the aloe vera plant. For instance, the aloe vera preparation may be a powder made from Aloe barbadensis leaf juice (e.g. CAS 94349-62-9). In an embodiment, leafjuice is extracted from fresh aloe leaves with a juice extractor, decolorized and filtered, separated via organic membrane. The membrane-separated concentrate juice is then freeze dried to be converted into the 200:1 Aloe Vera freeze dried gel powder. In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation according to the present invention is Aloe Vera freeze dried gel powder 200:1 (Selco, Wald-Michelbach, Germany). In an embodiment, 200:1 aloe powder includes about 0.5% soluble solid of Aloe Vera gel. 200 kg of 1:1 Aloe Vera gel juice is frozen and dried into 1 kg of Aloe Vera freeze dried gel powder that becomes Aloe vera 200:1.

(326) In an embodiment, aloe vera according to the present invention is a 200× powder produced through the water extraction of Aloe barbadensis leaf to prepare leaf juice powder. In an embodiment, aloe leaves are harvested, washed and fileted, aloin removed from filets, then the leaves ground, excess pulp removed, treated with heat, filtered, and spray dried. Aloe vera according to the present invention, in unconcentrated or concentrated (e.g. 200×) form, is a hydrophilic component/ingredient of this invention. While 200× concentrated powders are a preferred embodiment according to the present invention, other concentrations may also be included in the present invention.

(327) In an embodiment, aloe vera preparations of the present invention, for instance provided by Terry Laboratories as described above, include aloe polysaccharides consisting of linear (unbranched) chains of b-1-4-linked glucose and mannose molecules (often called glucomannans, and because more mannose than glucose is present, polymannans). These linear chains range from a few molecules to several thousand molecules. By convention, the lower limit is usually taken as a molecular weight of about 1,000 Daltons for the material to qualify as a polysaccharide. In an embodiment, aloe vera preparations for instance as provided by Terry Laboratories are microbiologically clean, color stable, processed as quickly as possible following harvest, and processed at the lower temperature possible. Also, in an embodiment the aloe vera preparation including for instance 10× or 200× aloe vera preparations retains polysaccharide molecular weight distribution comparable to unprocessed aloe vera and reduces polysaccharide degradation such that not less than 50% of polysaccharides are greater than 1 million Daltons. In an embodiment, an aloe vera preparation includes acemannan (beta-1-4-acetylated glucomannans).

(328) In an embodiment, in keeping with for instance Table 2 above, a composition according to the present invention may include 0.1-50% aloe vera gel. In a preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention includes about 5% to about 30% w/w of an aloe vera preparation; about 10% to about 20% w/w; about 13% to about 18% w/w; about 14 to about 16% w/w; or about 15% w/w, as shown in Tables 5-13 above and in Table III below. In an embodiment, the aloe vera preparation may be in a natural, 1×, single-strength equivalent form, or in a concentrated 10×, 200×, or other concentrated form, as discussed above and shown in the Examples.

(329) Alpha-Pinene

(330) In an embodiment, alpha-pinene may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, alpha-pinene is provided as a colorless liquid with a pine, turpentine-like odor. In an embodiment, alpha-pinene is from a natural source. In an embodiment, alpha-pinene is from a synthetic source. In an embodiment, alpha-pinene has a specific gravity (25° C.) of 0.8550-0.8600, a refractive index (20° C.) of 1.4640-1.4680, optical rotation 20.00-30.00, and/or is provided with no salmonella (AOAC, negative), lead, aflatoxin, arsenic, or mercury detected. The alpha-pinene may weigh about 7 pounds per gallon. In an embodiment, alpha-pinene is 95-100% pure, preferably 99-100% pure. In an embodiment, pure alpha-pinene is obtained from Flavorchem Orchidia Fragrances, Downers Grove, Ill., USA.

(331) As indicated for instance in Table 1 above, alpha-pinene is a hydrophobic component of this invention. As also disclosed for instance in Table 2 above, a composition according to the present invention may include 0.1-50% alpha-pinene. In a preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention includes about 0.5% to about 20% w/w alpha-pinene; about 1% to about 10% w/w alpha-pinene; about 2% to about 7% w/w alpha-pinene; or about 3 to about 4% w/w alpha-pinene, for instance as shown in Tables 5-13 above and in Table III below.

(332) Shea Butter Preparations

(333) In an embodiment, a “shea butter preparation” is included in a composition of the present invention. A shea butter preparation, such as shea butter, and/or oil extracted from shea butter (“shea butter oil”), is prepared from or otherwise derived from any Shea tree, including but not limited to a Shea tree from Ghana. In an embodiment, shea butter or shea butter oil is Butyrospermum parkii butter (CAS 194043-92-0; EC 293-515-7); Butyrospermum parkii oil (CAS 91080-23-8, EC 293-515-7), and/or vegetable oil (CAS 68956-68-3, EC 273-313-5). Other shea butters and shea butter oils may be used in shea butter preparations of this invention, including those having different CAS or EC, or other identifying numbers.

(334) In an embodiment, a Shea butter oil preparation includes chemicals having the general structure

(335) ##STR00001##

(336) where R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 are each individually C.sub.15-C.sub.17 saturated or C.sub.17 unsaturated alkyl chains.

(337) In an embodiment, Shea butter oil is prepared by a series of processes including mechanical extraction, solvent extraction, refinement, deodorization, and solvent fractionation. In an embodiment, Shea tree nuts undergo mechanical pressing and solvent extraction with hexane to prepare crude oil, which is then subjected to degumming with acidified water (phosphoric or citric acid) (degumming removes phospholipids, metals, and proteins), neutralization with alkaline water (sodium hydroxide) (neutralization removes free fatty acids, metals, and proteins), and bleaching with bleaching earth (clay) and citric acid (bleaching removes pigments, metals, and proteins) to prepare a bleached oil. Then, the bleached oil is mixed with solvent and cooled (separating solid and liquid constituents), filtered, solvent (hexane and/or acetone) recovered; and then deodorized with steam (removes flavors, free fatty acids, oxidation products and residual solvent). In an embodiment, Shea butter oil according to the present invention is liquid at room temperature, has a red color, a density (25° C.) of 0.9-0.94 g/cm.sup.3, a fatty acid composition (w/w) for instance as follows: 5% C16:0, 28% C18:0, 56% C18:1, 9% C18:2, 0.3% C18:3, 1% C20:0, 1% C22:0, available as Lipex SheaLiquid™ (AAK Sweden AB, Karlshamn, Sweden, SE-374-82).

(338) In an embodiment, as disclosed in part for instance in Table 2 above, a composition according to the present invention may include about 0.1%-50% of a shea butter preparation, such as shea butter or shea butter oil. In a preferred embodiment, a composition according to the present invention includes about 1% to about 30% w/w of a shea butter preparation wherein the preparation is shea butter; about 8% to about 20% w/w shea butter; about 12% to about 18% w/w shea butter; about 14 to about 16% w/w shea butter; or about 15% w/w shea butter, for instance as shown in Tables 5-13 above. In an embodiment, a composition according to the present invention includes about 1% to about 20% w/w of a shea butter preparation wherein the preparation is shea butter oil; about 2% to about 15% w/w of a shea butter oil preparation; about 3% to about 8%; or about 4 to about 6% w/w of a shea butter oil preparation, for instance as shown in Table III below.

(339) In an embodiment, the below components/ingredients are individually less than 10% of a composition of this invention (w/w); less than 5% of a composition of this invention (w/w); less than 3%, less than 2%, less than 1%, or less than 0.5% w/w of a composition of this invention (w/w).

(340) Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl Hydrogenated Trilinoleate)

(341) In an embodiment, Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate may be used in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate according to the present invention is available in 100% pure form, as a brown, clear to hazy viscous liquid, with acid value 0-1 mg KOH/g and hydroxyl value 100-115 mg KOH/g as Cithrol PGTL (Croda Europe Ltd, East Yorkshire, DN14 9AA).

(342) In an embodiment, a composition according to the present invention may include 0-10% w/w of Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl Hydrogenated Trilinoleate), preferably about 0.5% to about 5% w/w, more preferably about 1% to about 2% w/w.

(343) Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate

(344) In an embodiment, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate according to the present invention is in liquid form at room temperature, colorless to pale yellow, soluble in oil (hydrophobic). In an embodiment, its specific gravity (20° C.) is 0.930-0.943, its refractive index (25° C.) is 1.459-1.465, and/or assay results show tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate used according to the present invention is at least 95% pure. In an embodiment, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate is at least 95% (w/w) pure, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or is 100% (w/w) pure. Tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate may include substances categorized as CAS 183476-82-6 and/or CAS 1445760-15-5; and/or as EINECS 430-110-8. In an embodiment, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate according to this invention includes no more than 20 ppm heavy metals and no more than 2 ppm arsenic. In an embodiment, loss of tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate on drying is no more than 0.5% (w/w).

(345) In an embodiment, tetrahexyldecyl ascorbate according to the present invention is provided as BV-OSC (Barnet Products, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., USA).

(346) Caryophyllene

(347) In an embodiment, caryophyllene oil may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, caryophyllene is a hydrophobic component of the present invention, and is at least 85% pure (w/w). In an embodiment, caryophyllene oil is at least 90% pure, at least 95% pure, 98%-100% pure; and/or 100% pure. In an embodiment, caryophyllene oil has a specific gravity (25° C.) of 0.8990-0.9080, a refractive index (20° C.) of 1.4900-1.5040, and is free of mold

(348) Carvacrol

(349) In an embodiment, carvacrol may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, carvacrol, also known as cymophenol, is a monoterpenoid phenol and an ingredient in the oil of wild bergamot, Origanum vulgare, and oil of thyme. In an embodiment, at room temperature carvacrol is a corrosive liquid, acidic. In an embodiment, carvacrol is at least 90% (w/w) pure by assay, at least 95% pure, at least 97% pure, at least 98% pure, at least 99-100% pure. In an embodiment, carvacrol according to the present invention is available from Flavorchem Orchidia Fragrances, Downers Grove, Ill., USA.

(350) Copaiba Oil

(351) In an embodiment, Copaiba oil may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, Copaiba oil according to the present invention is the substance accorded CAS 8013-97-6, EINECS 232-288-0; INCI name Copaifera Officinalis (Balsam Copaiba) Resin, and/or sold as a 100% natural oil, Caribpure™ Copaiba Oil, CaribOrg™ Copaiba Oil (Caribbean Natural Products Inc., Fairfield, N.J., USA). In another embodiment, the present invention includes Copaiba oil (100% natural oil/balsam extracted from Copaifera Officinalis), CAS 8001-61-4. DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate (also known as 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-yl acetate)

(352) In an embodiment, DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate is a colorless-to-yellow viscous liquid oil, melting point about −27.5° C., boiling point 184° C. (0.01 hPa), 267° C. (3.2 hPa), >300° C. (1,013 hPa) with decomposition, flash point about 243-266° C. (per DIN 51758), hydrophobic/practically insoluble in water but easily soluble in acetone, chloroform, diethylether, alcohol, molecular weight 472.73 g/mol. In an embodiment, DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate of this invention is 96-100% (w/w) CAS 7695-91-2, molecular formula C.sub.31H.sub.52O.sub.3. In an embodiment, DL-alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate of this invention is from DSM Nutritional Products (Parsippany, N.J., USA). DL-alpha-Tocopherol (also known as 3,4-Dihydro-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol); 2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-2-(4,8,12-trimethyltridecyl)-6-chromanol; DL-alpha-tocopherol; tocopherol (INCI); vitamin E

(353) In an embodiment, DL-alpha-tocopherol may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, DL-alpha-tocopherol is the substance identified as CAS 10191-41-0, EINECS 233-466-0, C.sub.29H.sub.50O.sub.2, molecular mass 430.72 g/mol. In an embodiment, 0.91 mg of DL-alpha-tocopherol is equivalent to 1.0 IU of vitamin E. In an embodiment, DL-alpha-tocopherol of this invention is a clear, viscous oil, colorless to yellowish brown, optical rotation −0.01° to +0.01°, refractive index (589 nm, 20° C.) 1.503-1.507, absorbance in ethanol (292 nm (max)) 71.0-76.0, acidity max. 1.0 mL 0.10N NaOH, sulphated ash (residue on ignition) max 0.1%, heavy metals max. 10 ppm (lead max 2 ppm, arsenic max 1 ppm, mercury max. 1 ppm, cadmium max. 0.5 ppm, residual solvents—toluene max 80 ppm, and/or related impurities max 2.5%, all for instance per Ph. Eur. By assay (Ph. Eur.), DL-alpha-tocopherol is in an embodiment 97.0-102.0%. Also, DL-alpha-tocopherol is insoluble in water, soluble in ethanol, miscible with chloroform, acetone, ether, vegetable oils; and/or sensitive to air and light. In an embodiment, oils and fats used for dilutions are low in peroxides, as rancid oils and fats may destroy the activity of DL-alpha-tocopherol. In an embodiment, DL-alpha-tocopherol is prepared synthetically by condensation of trimethylhydroquinone and isophytol. The crude product is purified by distillation in vacuo. As described above, Vitamin E may be helpful for instance as an anti-oxidant and in skin conditioning/wound healing. In an embodiment, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd. (Basel, Switzerland).

(354) Ferulic Acid

(355) In an embodiment, ferulic acid may be included in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, ferulic acid is a synthetic, slightly yellow powder, >99% pure by HPLC assay, with less than 0.5% loss on drying at 105° C. for 1 hour, and/or having a melting point of 170° C.-175° C. In an embodiment, ferulic acid of this invention is at least 90% (w/w) pure, at least 95% (w/w) pure, at least 97% (w/w) pure, at least 99% pure, and/or is 100% pure. In an embodiment, the ferulic acid of the present invention is about 99.7% (w/w) pure. The CAS number for ferulic acid is 1135-24-6. In an embodiment, ferulic acid of this invention is from GfN Herstellung von Naturextrakten GmbH, Wald-Michelbach, Germany.

(356) Oleic Acid and Linoleic Acid

(357) In an embodiment, oleic acid (CAS 112-80-1, EINECS 204-007-1) and linoleic acid (CAS 60-33-3, EINECS 200-470-9)) may be included in a composition of the present invention individually or as a blend, such as GLB Custom Oleic Acid & Linoleic Acid Blend SF (Green Line Botanicals, Hazlet, N.J., USA). The blend is a colorless to golden yellow liquid, dispersible in oil, with maximum 0.1% moisture and impurities. Under a cold test, 0° C./5.5 hours (Cc 11-53), the blend is clear.

(358) Oils/Indian Oil Blend

(359) In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention includes one or more of the following functional oils: Black Cumin Seed Oil, Baobab Oil, Camellia Oil, Manila Oil, Sea Buckthorn Oil, Tamanu Oil, Apricot Kernel Oil, Argan Oil. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention includes all of the above oils. As an example, the following Indian Oil Blend (Rakesh Sandal Industries, Kanpur, India) includes the following oils (all from Rakesh Sandal Industries, Kanpur, India) and may be used in this invention:

(360) Black Cumin Seed Oil (58% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed oil from black cumin seeds (Nigella sativa), brownish color with a disagreeable, unpleasant odor. Acid value 8.3, refractive index 1.4728, specific gravity 0.9186, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(361) Baobab Oil (3% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed oil from Adansonia digitata seeds, yellow color, with a bland, fatty oil odor. Acid value 32.78, refractive index 1.4703, specific gravity 0.9172, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(362) Camellia Oil (12% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed oil from Camellia sinensis seed, yellow color, with a bland and fatty oil odor. Acid value 0.18, refractive index 1.4736, specific gravity 0.9181, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(363) Manila Oil (3% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed from seeds, yellow color, bland, fatty, nutty aroma. Acid value 0.77, refractive index 1.4691, relative density 0.9132, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(364) Sea Buckthorn Oil (6% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed from berries and seeds, with a yellow-brown to a red brown oil liquid and having a strong musky smell, characteristic neutral odor. Acid value 2.1, refractive index 1.4758, specific gravity 0.9229, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(365) Tamanu Oil (6% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed from seeds/nuts of Calophyllum inophyllum, with a dark yellow oil and heavy fatty, odoriferous odor. Optical rotation +1.40, refractive index 1.4983, specific gravity 1.0371, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(366) Apricot Kernel Oil (6% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold pressed oil from apricot kernels, light yellow to golden yellow liquid, with a bland, fatty, nutty, deep odor. Acid value 1.34, refractive index 1.4728, specific gravity 0.9205, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(367) Argan Nut Oil (6% w/w of the Indian Oil Blend): Cold-pressed oil from argan nuts, light yellow color with a nutty, oily, spicy odor. Acid value 0.1, refractive index 1.4704, specific gravity 0.9148, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions but oxidizing materials should be avoided.

(368) Taken together, the Indian Oil Blend is characterized by a dark yellow color, pleasant odor, acid value 1 to 10, refractive index 1.4510 to 1.4980, specific gravity 0.8830 to 0.9360, soluble in oil and insoluble in water, stable under normal conditions (oxidizing materials to be avoided).

(369) Soluble Collagen

(370) In an embodiment, soluble collagen may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, soluble collagen such as ichtyocollagen of this invention comprises native fish collagen. In an embodiment, Ichtyocollagen™ may be used as a soluble collagen component of this invention. In an embodiment, ichtyocollagen has film-forming and moisturizing, skin conditioning properties. In an embodiment, ichtyocollagen is in liquid form at 25° C., colorless to pale yellow, with appearance clarity of clear to slightly opalescent. In an embodiment, ichtyocollagen includes 0.4-0.7% protein (by BCA), pH 3.5-4.5, specific gravity (20° C.) 1.000-1.020, refractive index (25° C.) 1.34-1.36, hydroxyproline content 0.06-0.09%, and/or maximum 100CFU/G total aerobic microbial count and maximum 10 CFU/G total combined yeast/mold count. In an embodiment, ichtyocollagen comprises soluble collagen (INCI), CAS 9007-34-5, EINECS 232-697-4; as well as propylene glycol (approx. 10%), phenoxyethanol (1.5%), potassium sorbate (0.05%), trisodium EDTA (0.1%). In an embodiment, ichtyocollagen includes about 88% of natural origin content. Ichtyocollagen™ PH (Croda/Sederma Inc., Edison, N.J., USA)

(371) Magnesium Sulfate

(372) In an embodiment, magnesium sulfate may be a component of the present invention. In an embodiment, Magnesium Sulfate is from Spectrum Chemical Manufacturing Corp (New Brunswick, N.J., USA), is anhydrous, and assays at 99-100.5% (w/w) magnesium sulfate. In an embodiment, the pH of magnesium sulfate in solution (1 in 20) is 5.0-9.2, loss on drying is at most 2%, chloride content is at most 0.014%, iron content is at most 20 ug/g.

(373) Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides

(374) In an embodiment, caprylic and capric triglycerides (“caprylic, capric” or “caprylic/capric”, or “cocoglycerides” (INCI Name, US/EU/CN)) may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, caprylic/capric triglycerides according to the present invention provide a low viscosity oil at room temperature. In an embodiment, Myritol® 331 (BASF Corporation, Florham Park, N.J., USA) the low viscosity oil is clear and slightly yellowish, with a faint inherent odor. The acid value of Myritol® 331 is max. 2.00 mg KOH/g (DGF C-V 2), the saponification value ranges within 265-295 mg KOH/g (DGF C-V 3), density (20° C.) 0.930-0.940 g/cm.sup.3 (DIN 51757), and refraction index (20° C.) 1.4500-1.4600 (DGF C-IV 5). In addition, additional product descriptive data (proven statistically but not determined regularly) for Myritol® 331 is iodine value (Hanus) max. 8.0 g I/100 g (DGF C-V 11A); Hydroxyl value 40.0-50.0 mg KOH/g (DGF C-V 17A,B); Cloud point max 5° C. (ISO 3015); Viscosity (20° C.; Hoeppler) 43.0-48.0 mPas (DGF C-IV 7).

(375) Niacinamide

(376) In an embodiment, niacinamide may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, Niacinamide is a white crystalline powder, particle size 90% w/w greater than or equal to 50 um and 10% w/w smaller than 50 um, pH 6.0-7.5 in aqueous solution, and/or pKa about 3.35. Niacinamide is freely soluble in water (e.g. 691 g/L (20° C.)) and in alcohol, soluble in glycerol. In an embodiment, niacinamide is CAS 98-92-0, EC 202-713-4, IENECS 202-713-4. In an embodiment, the niacinamide is at least 90% pure, at least 95% pure, at least 98% pure, at least 99% pure, and/or at least 100% pure. In an embodiment, niacinamide in a composition of the present invention includes the above properties and assays as 99-101% niacinamide w/w (99-100% pure) (DSM Nutritional Products, Parsippany, N.J., USA).

(377) Methyl Sulfonyl Methane (MSM; INCI: Dimethyl Sulfone)

(378) In an embodiment, MSM may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, MSM is a white crystalline powder, 90-100% pure (w/w; preferably 99-100% pure MSM), 80 mesh. (Orient Stars, Long Beach, Calif., USA).

(379) Roman Chamomile Oil

(380) In an embodiment, Roman Chamomile Oil may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, Roman Chamomile Oil may be used in a composition of this invention. The oil may be from the flower of the Anthemis nobilis flower, a colorless to yellow liquid, and 100% oil, unadulterated by other substances. In an embodiment, Roman Chamomile Oil of this invention is the substance accorded CAS 8015-92-7. In an embodiment, Roman Chamomile Oil that may be used in this invention is 100% oil from the Anthemis nobilis flower as provided by GlobalIngredientSolutions.com (Tustin, Calif., USA).

(381) Retinyl Palmitate

(382) In an embodiment, Retinyl Palmitate may be used in a composition of this invention. In an embodiment, the Retinyl Palmitate is provided as a yellowish viscous oil and in combination with Tocopherol. The oil is crystalline when cooled. In such embodiment, as provided by BASF Care Creations (BASF Corporations, Florham Park, N.J., USA) Retinyl Palmitate content is 1.70-1.87 Mio IU/g (where 1 IU=0.550 mcg retinyl palmitate, potentially equivalent to 93.5-103%), and tocopherol content is 1.7%. Further, the Peroxide value of the combination of Retinyl Palmitate and tocopherol is, at most, 10 meq/kg; the acid value is at most 2.0 mg KOH/g; the amount of retinol is at most 1.0%; related substances absorbance ratio A 300/A 326 nm is at most 0.6; related substances absorbance ratio A 350/A 326 nm is at most 0.54; related substances absorbance ratio A 370/A 326 nm is at most 0.14. In this embodiment, the Retinyl Palmitate oil described above meets “Vitamin A” and “Vitamin A Concentrate (Oily Form), synthetic” specifications of the Ph. Eur., and “Vitamin A” of USP.

(383) Others

(384) In an embodiment, 1,2-Hexanediol (CAS 6920-22-5, EC 230-029-6) and/or Caprylyl Glycol (1,2-Octanediol; CAS 1117-86-8, EC 214-254-7) may be included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, they are provided in a composition as SymDiol® 68 (Symrise, Elk Grove Village, Ill., USA), a colorless clear liquid with a mild characteristic odor, having a refractive index (n25/D) of 1438-1448. In an embodiment, 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol are each present in amounts of greater than 25% w/w and less than or equal to 50% w/w of the overall composition (about 25-50%). In an embodiment, the total amount of the two substances combined comprises about 98% of the Symdiol® 68 combination, such that 1,2-Hexanediol and Caprylyl Glycol are each present in amounts of about 49-50% w/w of the SymDiol.

(385) In an embodiment, included in a composition of the present invention, the following are presented for instance all together in one aqueous solution (PRODEW 600 (Ajinomoto, Raleigh, N.C., USA)): Trimethylglycine (26.87%) (“Betaine” CAS 107-43-7, EINECS 203-490-6), Sodium L-pyrrolidonecarboxylate (9.75%) (“Sodium PCA”, CAS 28874-51-3, EINECS 249-277-1), Sodium Lactate (5.00%) (CAS 72-17-3, EINECS 200-722-0), DL-Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid (3.78%) (“PCA”, CAS 149-87-1 EINECS 205-748-3), L-Serine (1.12%) (“Serine”, CAS 56-45-1, EINECS 200-274-3), L-Alanine (1.06%) (“Alanine”, CAS 56-41-7, EINECS 200-273-8), Glycine (1.00%) (CAS 56-40-6, EINECS 200-272-2), L-Glutamic acid (0.43%) (“Glutamic Acid”, CAS 56-86-0, EINECS 200-293-7), L-Lysine Hydrochloride (0.34%) (“Lysine HCL”, CAS 657-27-2, EINECS 211-519-9), L-Threonine (0.32%) (“Threonine”, CAS 72-19-5, EINECS 200-774-1), L-Arginine (0.29%) (“Arginine”, CAS 74-79-3, EINECS 200-811-1), L-Proline (0.04%) (“Proline”, CAS 147-85-3, EINECS 205-702-2), and Water (balance; approx. 50%) (CAS 7732-18-5, EINECS 231-791-2) are combined into a colorless to pale yellow liquid, in an approximately 50% aqueous solution (solid content about 47-53%), pH 4.7-5.4.

(386) The present invention may be further understood in connection with the following Examples and embodiments. The following non-limiting Examples and embodiments described throughout this application are provided to illustrate the invention.

Example A

(387) Large Scale Composition for Treatment of Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture, and Process of Making the Composition

(388) The composition prepared in Table 5 according to the process of Example 22, above, reduces Dupuytren's symptoms. The process of Example 22 may prepare a water-in-oil emulsion, as described, or an oil-in-water emulsion, by controlling mixing and temperature properly. In that process, solid components could be selected that melted at 35° C.-40° C. to maintain stability of the product when cooled and liquid during mixing, and also to melt on the skin as it was applied.

(389) The Applicant engaged in research as described below and developed another process for preparing compositions of the present invention. In contrast to the process described in Example 22 above, the alternative process avoids the need for heating to high temperatures, 60° C.-80° C. Also, the process allows for the preparation of large batches of compositions of the present invention.

(390) The composition prepared according to this Example A contains the following ingredients:

(391) TABLE-US-00016 TABLE III HYDROPHILIC/ % COMPOSITION COMPONENT HYDROPHOBIC (W/W) Water HYDROPHILIC 61.83016 Aloe barbadensis Leaf HYDROPHILIC 14.83404 Extract (200X) Butyrospermum Parkii HYDROPHOBIC 5.28000 Butter Alpha Pinene HYDROPHOBIC 3.24000 Black Cumin Seed Oil HYDROPHOBIC 2.94640 Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) HYDROPHOBIC 1.20000 Hydrogenated Trilinoleate Methyl SulfonylMethane HYDROPHILIC 1.00000 (MSM) Sodium Hydroxide HYDROPHILIC 1.00000 Betaine HYDROPHILIC 0.827596 Carvacrol HYDROPHOBIC 0.80000 Magnesium Sulfate HYDROPHILIC 0.70000 Camellia Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.60960 Caryophyllene HYDROPHOBIC 0.56000 Caprylyl Glycol HYDROPHILIC 0.48000 1,2-Hexanediol HYDROPHILIC 0.32000 Apricot Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.30480 Argan Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.30480 Sea Buckthorn Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.30480 Tamanu Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.30480 Sodium PCA HYDROPHILIC 0.30030 Caprylic/Capric HYDROPHOBIC 0.30000 Triglyceride Copaiba Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.30000 Roman Chamomile Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.30000 Linoleic Acid HYDROPHOBIC 0.28000 Oleic Acid HYDROPHOBIC 0.28000 Propylene Glycol HYDROPHILIC 0.22400 Ferulic Acid HYDROPHILIC 0.19940 Sodium Lactate HYDROPHILIC 0.15400 Baobab Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.15240 Marula Oil HYDROPHOBIC 0.15240 Niacinamide PC HYDROPHILIC 0.14000 PCA HYDROPHILIC 0.116424 Serine HYDROPHILIC 0.034496 Alanine HYDROPHILIC 0.032648 Glycine HYDROPHILIC 0.03080 Tetrahexyldecyl Ascorbate HYDROPHOBIC 0.03000 Tocopheryl Acetate HYDROPHOBIC 0.03000 Retinyl Palmitate HYDROPHOBIC 0.02949 Soluble Collagen HYDROPHILIC 0.02240 Glutamic Acid HYDROPHILIC 0.013244 Lysine HCL HYDROPHILIC 0.010472 Threonine HYDROPHILIC 0.009856 Arginine HYDROPHILIC 0.008932 Proline HYDROPHILIC 0.001232 Tocopherol HYDROPHOBIC 0.00051 TOTAL 100%

(392) The formulation of a large number of components such as in the present invention is generally difficult to achieve. Without appropriate formulation, the hydrophilic and hydrophobic components will separate from each other, reducing delivery and effectiveness of the components to the target, and rendering the composition difficult to apply and undesirable for topical application.

(393) The formula included Ingredient's trade/brand names with percentages of each ingredient as in the following.

(394) TABLE-US-00017 TABLE IV Original composition Ingredients % by Wt. Water QS - 100 Aloe Vera 200x (powder) 15.42 Ferulic Acid (Powder) 0.20 MSM (Powder) 1.00 Glycerin 0.50 Niacinamide (Crystalline) 0.84 Magnesium Sulfate (powder) 0.70 Ichtycollagen 2.24 Prodew 600 (Blend) 3.08 Vitacon ACES 0.42 GLB (Blend) 0.56 Liquid Shea TR 5.28 Indian Oil (Blend) 5.05 Custom Sense A1 (Blend) 1.68 Alpha Pinene 3.36 Caryophyllene 0.56 Cavracrol 0.56

(395) This composition contains both oil soluble and water soluble ingredients. The physical form of these ingredients is either liquid or solid (crystalline/powder/flakes). In addition some of these ingredients are blends that will make the ingredient list appear much longer than in Table IV. See below Table VII.

(396) When a formulation contains water soluble and oil soluble ingredients the common practice is to make an emulsion. The emulsion can exist in various forms such as cream, lotion, milk, and thin liquid. The emulsions are sensitive to changes in temperature and time. If not formulated properly an emulsion will separate over time due to hot/cold temperature fluctuations and/or even with passage of time

(397) The development of the large-scale composition requires a few considerations such as: Careful selection of ingredients, keeping in mind the compatibility of the ingredients; Proper selection of emulsifiers that bind the oil and water together; and Process of manufacturing that can significantly affect the stability of the end product.

(398) In this case the active or functional ingredients and their quantities were preset, based on the composition for treating Dupuytren's discussed in Table 5 and Examples 1-4 above.

(399) Development

(400) O/W Emulsion

(401) Generally, emulsions fall in two groups: oil in water (O/W) and water in oil (W/O). Majority of the creams and lotions on the market are O/W emulsions. As part of the tests, a number of emulsifiers, co emulsifiers, and thickeners were used to develop O/W emulsion. However, the stability in the O/W tests was not as reliable, which may be attributable to the fact that this composition contains high amount of electrolytes. Electrolytes are ingredients that provide ions (electrically charged entities) in solution.

(402) W/O Emulsion

(403) Next step was to move to water in oil (W/O).sup.17 emulsion system which, without being bound by theory, may have a slightly better electrolyte tolerance than oil in water (O/W) emulsion. In water in oil emulsions the outer phase of the emulsion is oil. For this reason these emulsions behave more like an oil. The texture and feel of application of W/O emulsions is different than O/W emulsions. Table V lists the emulsifiers and thickener evaluated in this phase.

(404) TABLE-US-00018 TABLE V Emulsifiers and thickeners evaluated in W/O system Emulsifier/ Trade Name INCI Thickener Easynov.sup.1 Octyldodecanol(and) octyldodecyl Emulsifier xyloside(and) PEG-30 dipolyhydroxystearate Sepinov EMT-10.sup.5 Hydroxyethyl Acrylate/Sodium, Thickener Acryloyldimethyl Taurate Copolymer Sepiplus 400.sup.12 Polyacrylate 13/Polyisobutene/ Thickener/ Polysorbate 20 Emulsifier Sepimax Zen.sup.4 Polyacrylate Crosspolymer-6 Thickener/ Emulsifier Cithrol PGTL.sup.3 Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Emulsifier Hydrogenated Trilinoleate Emulium Illustro.sup.2 Polygylceryl-6 Polyhydroxystearate, Emulsifier Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate Solagum Acacia Senegal Gum (and) Thickener Xanthan Gum

(405) These emulsifiers although support W/O emulsion, are different in chemical structure and properties. The water in oil emulsion is conventionally made by adding the aqueous phase into the oil phase while mixing at a moderate to high speed, and then homogenizing.

(406) The work was started with Easynov. Easynov has unique property that allows the emulsion to be made both ways 1. By adding the oil phase into the gelled/thickened water phase with only slow mixing Different gelling agents (Sepiplus 400, Sepinov EMT-10 and Sepimax Zen) were evaluated. The emulsion made by adding oil phase into water phase turned out to be unstable. 2. By adding the water phase into the oil phase (conventional).

(407) The emulsion made by adding water phase into oil phase while mixing at a moderate to high speed was found to be stable for 4 weeks at 40° C. After 4 weeks slight oil was observed floating on the surface that disappears after shaking.

(408) The next emulsifier Emulium Illustro, a polyglyceryl based emulsifier, is naturally derived. The emulsion made with conventional process separated overnight at 40° C.

(409) Cithrol PGTL was the next emulsifier, another polyglyceryl based emulsifier. The process involved adding of water phase into the oil phase with moderate to high speed mixing followed by homogenizing and then normal mixing.

(410) TABLE-US-00019 TABLE VI Combinations and levels of emulsifiers & thickeners in W/O system Trade Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Easynov.sup.1 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 3.00 Sepinov EMT-10 2.00 3.00 Sepiplus 400.sup.12 3.00 Sepimax Zen.sup.4 2.5 1.00 Emulium Illustro.sup.2 2.00 Cithrol PGTL.sup.3 1.20 1.20 1.20 Sepimax Zen 0.50 0.10 Cold Process Mod Mod Mod Mod Mod Conv Conv Conv Conv Conv Stability Sep Sep Sep Sep Sep 5 wk Sep 5 wk Sep Sep
Observations

(411) Two processes were tested in the making of W/O emulsion (the conventional process) and the modified process. The modified process was applicable only to one emulsifier Easynov.

(412) Conventional Process: Water and oil phases were prepared separately. Water phase contained water and all water soluble ingredients including powders and electrolytes. The oil phase contained oils, waxes and other oil soluble ingredients such as esters. After all the water phase is added to the oil phase the product is homogenized and mixed for a few minutes.

(413) Modified Process: This process is specific to one emulsifier Easynov.sup.1. The water and oil phases were prepared separately. This process has water phase to be thick like gel consistency. The oil phase is then added to the top of the water phase before the mixing starts. The bulk is then mixed very slowly until all the oil phase on top blends in. 1. The emulsions made with the modified process using Easynov appeared unstable. 2. The conventional process was also evaluated using Easynov. The emulsion made with the conventional process using Easynov emulsifier was stable at 40 C for 4 weeks, indicating that a process change can make a difference in the stability and other properties of the end product. In long term slight oil floating was observed on top. Upon shaking the bottle this oil goes back into emulsion. The product did not remain stable when frozen and thawed later. Once separated as a result of freezing and thawing (“F/T”) the product did not go back into emulsion by shaking. Easynov is PEG-based emulsifier. 3. The conventional W/O.sup.17 emulsion made with Emulium Illustro separated in one day at 40° C. This separated emulsion did not go back together with shaking. Emulium illustro is a Polyglyceryl 6 or Polyglycerol 6 based emulsifier. 4. Cithrol PGTL based conventional W/O emulsion was stable for 5 weeks at 40 C. The long term stability at 40° C. exhibited the similar slight oil floating on the surface as in case of Easynov. After shaking the product becomes uniform again. This product did not remain stable when frozen and thawed. Once separated in F/T test it did not go back to uniform emulsion by shaking.
To improve F/T stability following stabilizers were tried 1. Solagum—at 1% level 2. Sepimax Zen—at 1%, 0.5%, 0.25% and 0.1%

(414) Sepimax Zen appeared to improve the F/T stability, but at the expense of normal or accelerated stability. It means that the F/T stability is improved but the stability at 40° C. is adversely affected, and it does not seem to go back after shaking. It seems like Sepimax Zen kicks out of the system.

DISCUSSION

(415) In creating a large-scale, stable formula for topical application, without heating natural ingredients, in quantities known to treat or alleviate certain skin or tissue conditions, for instance Dupuytren's disorder.

(416) Stability translates into shelf life. Shelf life indicates how long a product can stay on the shelf under normal/ambient conditions without deteriorating its utility. Stability testing therefore consists of the following parts.

(417) 1. Accelerated stability at 40° C. for 3 months.

(418) 2. Stability at ambient conditions (20° C.-25° C.) for 2 years

(419) 3. Preservative efficacy testing (PET) before the start and at the end of accelerated stability.

(420) 4. Three F/T cycles (8 hours of freezing and 8 hours of thawing each cycle)

(421) In determining shelf life, accelerated stability gives an indication of 2 years of shelf life within 3 months of testing. The PET testing tells that the product will be safe throughout the shelf life. Usually the product is sold and used well before 2 years. PET also indicates that under normal use conditions product will not grow microbes (bacteria/yeast/mold).

(422) Emulsifiers commonly contains water and oil, with one end being water loving (hydrophilic) and the other end oil loving (lipophilic).

(423) Each emulsifier has a balance of hydrophilic and lipophilic parts which is called hydrophilic/lipophilic balance (HLB.sup.16). One emulsifier can be more hydrophilic than lipophilic and the other can be less hydrophilic then lipophilic. Also the hydrophilic and lipophilic may be equal in some emulsifiers. The two emulsifiers can have the same HLB but may differ in structure. One of the two with same HLB may work for a given composition and the other may not depending on the chemical structure indicating that the structure function is more important than just the HLB.sup.16. Sometimes one or more additional emulsifier is added to assist the primary emulsifier. This is considered a co-emulsifier. In an embodiment, the HLB to the given composition may be finetuned, which may results in the improved stability and other properties of the emulsion.

(424) There are many emulsifiers that work only based on the structure function and the physical behavior in the emulsion for example synthetic acrylic acid based polymers, copolymers and cross polymers. Other example may be polyethylene glycol (PEG) based, PPG based, polysorbate based, and polysilicone based emulsifiers which may or may not exhibit the HLB because of their specific structure configuration.

(425) For O/W emulsions the emulsifier has to be more hydrophilic than lipophilic. For W/O the emulsifier has to be less hydrophilic and more lipophilic.

(426) Emulium illustro is a blend of two ingredients which are Polyglyceryl-6 Polyhydroxystearate and Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate. Both have 6 polyglyceryl groups attached to a C18 carbon chain. The carbon chain provides a lipophilic character to the compound. Polyglyceryl group on the other hand provides a hydrophilic character because of the hydroxyl (OH) groups. Higher the number of OH groups higher the hydrophilic character. In this case C18 carbon chains each with 6 polyglyceryl groups.

(427) Cithrol PGTL is Tri (Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) Hydrogenated Trilinoleate. In this case the lipophilic part is hydrogenated linoleate which is C18 chain. The other part is not only polyglyceryl 3, it has a lauryl chain (C12) attached to it. It means that polyglyceryl 3 is attached to two carbon chains C12 and C18. This shows that compared to Emulium illustro, Cithrol PGTL has more lipophilic character and differs in chemical structure too.

(428) As set forth above two emulsifiers may behave differently even if they have same HLB but different structure. In this case two emulsifiers worked equally well with different chemistries Easynov and Cithrol PGTL.

(429) Examples of other emulsifiers that may also work in this type of system either alone or in combination include—

(430) Polyglyceryl-3 Sorbityl Linseedate (Sinerga); Polyglyceryl-2 Oleate (and) Polyhydroxystearic Add (and) Polyglyceryl-2 Stearate (Innovacos); Polyglyceryl-3 Triolivate (Acme Hardesty); Polyclyceryl-3 Polyricinoleate (IOI Oleo); Polyglyceryl-2 Dipolyhydroxystearate (BASF); Polyclyceryl-2 Sesquiisostearate (Clariant); Polyglyceryl-3 Diisostearate (Gattefosse, BASF); Polyglyceryl-6 Polyricinoleate (and) Polyglycery-3 Diisostearate (and) Disteardimonium Hectorite (Elementis); Olive Oil Polyglyceryl-6 Esters (and) Polyglyceryl-6 Pentaoleate (Coast Southwest); Polyglycery-6 Polyricilinoleate (and) Polyglyceryl-10 Dioleate (Grant); Cetyl PEG/PPG-10/1 Dimethicone (Evonik).sup.15; Methylglucose Sesquioleate (Lubrizol).

CONCLUSION

(431) Based upon repeated trials and tests, an example of stable formula is provided in the following Table VII.

(432) TABLE-US-00020 TABLE VII Exemplary quantitative formula with INCI names Large Scale Dupuytren's INCI NAME wt % Possible range % Preferred % More Preferred % Water 61.4636   .sup.  50-70%   .sup.  55-65%   .sup.  60-62% Aloe barbandesis Leaf Juice 15.4200   3%-30%   5%-25%   8%-16% Butyrospermum Parkis (Shea) 5.2800  0.5%-25%   2%-15%   5%-10% Butter Alpha Pinene 3.2400 0.01%-20%   1%-12% .sup. 2.5%-7.5% Black Cumin Seed oil 2.9970   .sup.  0.5-1.0%   .sup.  1-7%   .sup.  2.5-3.5% Tri(Polyglyceryl-3/Lauryl) 1.2000 0.05%-15%  0.5%-10% 0.8%-5% Hydrogenated Trilinoleate Dimethyl Sulfone 1.0000 0.001%-10%  0.04%-6%  0.5%-3% Betaine 0.8276 0.001%-10%  0.04%-6%  0.5%-3% Cavracrol 0.8000 0.01%-10% 0.1%-5% 0.5%-3% Magnesium Sulfate 0.7000 0.01%-10% 0.1%-5% 0.5%-3% Camellia Oil 0.5894 0.01%-10% 0.1%-5% 0.5%-3% Caprylic/Capric Triglycerides 0.5600 0.01%-10% 0.1%-5% 0.5%-3% Chamomilla Recutita 0.5600 0.01%-10% 0.1%-5% 0.5%-3% (Matricaria) Flower Oil Copaifera Officinalis 0.5600 0.01%-10% 0.1%-5% 0.5%-3% (Balsam Copaiba) Resin Caryophyllene 0.5600 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% 1,2-Hexanediol 0.4000 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Caprylyl Glycol 0.4000 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Sodium PCA 0.3003 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Apricot Oil 0.2987 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Argan Oil 0.2987 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Sea Buckthorn oil 0.2987 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Tamanu Oil 0.2987 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Oleic Acid 0.2800 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Linoleic Acid 0.2800 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Propylene Glycol 0.2240 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Ferulic Acid 0.2000 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Sodium Lactate 0.1540 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Baobab Oil 0.1494 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Marula Oil 0.1494 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Niacinamide 0.1400 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% PCA 0.1164 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Serine 0.0345 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Alanine 0.0326 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Glycine 0.0308 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Tocopheryl Acetate 0.0300 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Tetrehexyldecyl Ascorbate 0.0300 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Retinyl Palmitate 0.0294 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Soluble Collagen 0.0224 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Glutamic Acid 0.0132 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Lysine HCL 0.0105 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Threonine 0.0100 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Arginine 0.0089 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Proline 0.0012 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% Tocopherol 0.0006 0.01%-12% 0.2%-6% 0.5%-3% 100.0000

(433) Without being bound by theory, other embodiments of this invention may be formulated into a conventional oil-in-water emulsion.

(434) The above large-scale composition is useful in treating or alleviating Dupuytren's contracture according to the present invention. For instance, in an embodiment 15-30 ml of the composition of Table III prepared according to the process described herein was applied to the hands of an adult male suffering from Dupuytren's Disease and Contracture. The topical application, twice daily, reduced symptoms including contracture symptoms and prevented progression of the disease for a period of several months, as of the date of filing this application.

REFERENCES

(435) 1. https://www.seppic.com/easynov 2. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/832/1309961/Emulium-Illustro 3. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/asia/PersonalCare/Detail/1411/988636/Cithrol-PGTL 4. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1432/121189/SEPIMAX-ZEN 5. https://www.ulprosoector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1432/57885/SEPINOV-EMT-10 6. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/6823/637213/Emulfeel-SGP-CHI 7. https://cosmetics.specialchern.com/product/i-nikkol-nikkol-lecinol-s-10 8. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/75/204260/Cosmedia-SP 9. https://www.utprospector.com/en/eu/PersonalCare/Detail/804/72263/Eummulgin-SG 10. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1432/46812/MONTANOV-68-MB 11. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1432/54516/MONTANOV-202 12. https://www ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1432/46884/SEPIPLUS-400 13. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/1432/238138/SEPINOV-WEO 14. https://www.ulprospector.com/en/na/PersonalCare/Detail/581/211534/DRY-FLO-TS-Starch 15. https://personal-care.evonik.com/product/personal-care/en/products-solutions/products/pages/product-details.aspx?productId=38993&category=3591 16. https://caliscc.org/images/presentations/Mentor_2015_HLB.pdf 17. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/47a1/ef550bfbd52aaf351da88b11d92d03fac7c1.pdf?.ga=2.1576015 22.974714001.1589746793-1140813295.1589746793

(436) A large-scale composition according to the present invention is prepared by a large-scale process, which may be as small as 100-300 mL, or as large as 3,000 L (100,000 units×30 mL each). In an embodiment, a large-scale process according to this invention is about 40 kiloliters per batch to more than 100,000 kiloliters per batch.

(437) A large-scale process according to the present invention is directed to combining hydrophobic and hydrophilic components with high dosage of active ingredients to prepare a water-in-oil emulsion, comprising the steps of: (a) placing water in a first vessel and stirring the water, adding aloe powder and mixing until dissolved, then adding other hydrophilic ingredients and mixing well, adjusting pH to about 6-8, to prepare a hydrophilic mixture; and mixing hydrophobic components in a second vessel to prepare a hydrophobic mixture; (b) adding the hydrophilic mixture to the hydrophobic mixture with rapid mixing; and then (c) homogenizing the mixture, to prepare the water-in-oil emulsion.

(438) In an embodiment, a manufacturing procedure for the large scale process to prepare a large-scale composition of this invention is as follows:

(439) Step (a):

(440) Water (hydrophilic) phase: In a side mixing tank equipped with a lightening mixer, add water (57.93 g) and Aloe Vera Gel 200× (15.42 g). Mix 15-20 minutes until all Aloe powder dissolves and a yellow colored solution is formed. Continue mixing and add rest of the water phase ingredients from one by one (Ferulic Acid (0.2 g), MSM (1.00 g), Niacinamide (0.14 g), Magnesium Sulfate (0.70 g), Ichtycollagen (2.2 g), Prodew 600 (3.08 g), Symdiol 68 (0.80 g). Using sodium hydroxide 10% solution adjust pH of water phase to 6.7-7. Mix thoroughly until uniform and homogenous.

(441) Oil (hydrophobic) Phase: In the main mixing tank equipped with central turbine, side sweeps and a homogenizer, add all the oil phase ingredients (Tocopheryl Acetate (0.03 g), BVOSC (0.03 g), Retinyl Palmitate (0.03 g), Liquid Shea TR (5.28 g), Indian Oil Blend (5.08 g), Custom Sens AI (1.68 g), GLB Oleic Acid, Linoleic Acid (0.56 g), Alpha Pinene (3.24 g), Caryophyllene (0.56 g), Carvacrol (0.80 g), Cithrol PGTL (1.20 g)) one by one with continued mixing at a slow speed that barely creates a vortex. After all the oil phase ingredients have been added mix for additional 10-15 minutes until a uniform oil blend is formed. Increase the oil phase mixing speed to create a vortex (speed to be determined depending upon the equipment at the manufacturing site).

(442) Step (b):

(443) Start adding water phase in small portions at a time. The portions can be determined from the batch size. Mix for 2-3 minutes after each addition. After few portions of water phase have been added the mixing speed can be increased depending upon the viscosity or thickness of the emulsion. Rapid mixing may be used at this step.

(444) Step (c):

(445) After all the water phase is added to the oil phase, homogenize the emulsion thoroughly for 10-20 minutes until the whole batch is turned over. The product will gain viscosity at this time. If an in line homogenizer is present the whole batch can be transferred from one tank to another. This ensures that the whole batch is homogenized. After homogenizing, mix with propeller mixer for a few minutes to make uniform. Top and bottom samples may be pulled for quality control purposes, to analyze the water-in-oil emulsion prepared by this process.

(446) The appearance of the composition starts changing at the time of emulsification. When the water phase is added to the oil phase. The above exemplary process is not intended as limiting. Other embodiments may be envisioned. Variations such as a change in emulsifiers from the listing included above, and a change of mixology depending upon available equipment, are and included embodiments of this invention. For instance instead of a lightening mixer, a side sweep mixer can be used, coupled with different ways of homogenizing like using colloidal mill in place of a homogenizer. Also, in an embodiment of this invention, a smaller emulsion particle size may aid stability of the emulsion.

(447) A large-scale process preparing a water-in-oil emulsion according to this invention does not require heat. In an embodiment, no external heat source is needed. In an embodiment, the hydrophilic phase may be heated for instance by a heat source to 40° C.-45° C. to speed up the process, and the hydrophobic phase may be heated to help the hydrophobic phase become uniform.

(448) In an embodiment, a water-in-oil emulsion for instance as prepared by the above process is filled into a pump bottle that may hold about 1 or about 2 L of emulsion. In an embodiment, the pump bottle may be used to prevent or reduce ambient air from accessing the stored emulsion. In an embodiment, the pump bottle dispenses 15 ml of the emulsion. In an embodiment, the emulsion prepared by this invention is an elegant, light-brown, easy to apply cream or lotion. In an embodiment, to treat Dupuytren's disease on both hands of a subject, 1-2 15 ml doses of emulsion are applied between both hands, twice a day. In an embodiment, the pump bottle will hold an approximate one-month supply of emulsion for a subject. In an embodiment, Dupuytren's symptoms will decrease over time, for instance as discussed in the Examples above.

Example B

(449) Further embodiments of compositions of the present invention are set out below. As discussed above, in an embodiment of the present claims included are an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, alpha-pinene, and water. Hydrophobic and hydrophilic components are included in a composition of the present invention. In an embodiment, hydrophobic and hydrophilic components are included in approximately the same total amounts in a composition of this invention (for instance each totaling about 40%-60% w/w of the composition, not including water). In an embodiment, compositions of the present invention include about 25-70% water (e.g. distilled water). In an embodiment, all compositions prepared on a large scale according to the present invention are water-in-oil emulsions and include an emulsifier, as discussed for instance in Example A above. In an embodiment, a composition of the present invention is an oil-in-water emulsion. Additional hydrophobic components include black cumin seed oil, baobab oil, camellia oil, manila oil, sea buckthorn oil, tamanu oil, apricot kernel oil, and/or argan oil. Additional hydrophilic components include soluble collagen, amino acids, niacinamide, oleic acid, and/or protocatechuic acid.

(450) In an embodiment a composition according to the present invention may include the following:

(451) TABLE-US-00021 TABLE VIII % of composition Component Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic (w/w) Aloe Vera preparation Hydrophilic About 10%-20% Shea butter preparation Hydrophobic About 1%-20% Alpha-pinene Hydrophobic About 1%-10% Functional Oil Hydrophobic About 0%-10% Alcohol Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Anti-Inflammatory Hydrophilic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Water (e.g. distilled) Hydrophilic About 20-70% Anti-Oxidant Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Anti-Microbial Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Flavors Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Fragrances Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Fatty Acid Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Analgesic Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Amino Acid Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Carbohydrate Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Vitamin Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Solvent Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Moisturizer Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10% Other categories Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic About 0%-10%

(452) The above percentage ranges in Table VIII may be replaced by other percentages or percentage ranges (w/w) disclosed throughout this application. A composition of the present invention comprises an aloe vera preparation, a shea butter preparation, alpha-pinene, and water. In addition, a composition of this invention comprises a combination of other components identified throughout this application—hydrophilic components, hydrophobic components, and emulsifiers (which may be categorized as hydrophilic or hydrophobic). In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises black cumin seed oil, alone or in combination with other functional oils. In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises glycerol as a hydrophobic component. In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises soluble collagen, MSM, and/or lecithin as a hydrophilic component. In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises an alcohol, including for instance benzyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, and/or panthenol. In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises an anti-inflammatory such as linoleic acid or oleic acid (hydrophilic), or chamomile oil or copaiba oil (hydrophobic). In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises an anti-oxidant, including for instance protocatechuic acid (hydrophilic). In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises an antimicrobial such as carvacrol (hydrophobic). In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises benzoin as a thickener. In an embodiment, a composition of this invention further comprises lauryl wax (35° C.-45° C. melting point), or cetyl esters wax (43° C.-47° C. melting point).

(453) In an embodiment, the sum of hydrophilic and hydrophobic components of a composition of the present invention, not including water, may be approximately equal. For instance, in an embodiment, a composition of this invention may include about 15-30% hydrophilic components w/w, about 15-30% hydrophobic components w/w, and about 50-70% water. In another embodiment, a composition of this invention may include for instance about 25-45% hydrophilic components w/w, about 25-45% hydrophobic components w/w, and about 20%-50% w/w water.

(454) The use of the terms “a,” “an,” “the,” and similar referents in the context of describing the present invention (especially in the context of the claims) are to be construed to cover both the singular and the plural, unless otherwise indicated herein or clearly contradicted by context. Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. Use of the term “about” is intended to describe values either above or below the stated value in a range of approximately ±10%; in other embodiments, the values may range in value above or below the stated value in a range of approximately ±5%; in other embodiments, the values may range in value above or below the stated value in a range of approximately ±2%; in other embodiments, the values may range in value above or below the stated value in a range of approximately ±1%. Use of the term “about” may be deemed as optional, in an embodiment of this invention. The preceding ranges are intended to be made clear by context, and no further limitation is implied. All method steps described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate the invention and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise stated. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

(455) While in the foregoing specification the present invention has been described in relation to certain embodiments thereof, and many details have been put forth for the purposes of illustration, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is susceptible to additional embodiments and that certain of the details described herein can be varied considerably without departing from the basic principles of the invention.

(456) The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential attributes thereof, and, accordingly, reference should be made to the appended claims, rather than to the foregoing specification, as indicating the scope of the invention.