Abstract
An earth stabilization system includes a plurality of hollow jars positioned within ground to be stabilized, the jar walls formed from a concrete material or mix. The jars include a base cutter including a plurality of teeth coupled to a jar wall at or near the wall bottom, the base cutter including at least one material other than concrete, e.g., metal, diamond tip or carbide tip. The jars can be coupled to a turning tool that can cause rotation of the jar to turn or drive the jar into the soil mass or waterbed. The turning tool effects rotation of the jar and the base cutter, and the weight of the jar and the base cutter at least in part enable the jar to penetrate the ground to be stabilized. Displaced soil or other earthen material can move through a bore in the wall of the jar while the jar is being screwed into the soil in the direction of the wall bottom to the wall top. The base cutter of each jar can be welded to reinforcing material in a jar wall. The base cutter of each jar can also be included as an integral portion of a single jar unit.
Claims
1. An earth stabilization system comprising: a) a plurality of members that are hollow and positioned within a soil mass to be stabilized, each of the plurality of members having a height, a weight, a side wall having a side wall top and a side wall bottom, and a substantially central bore extending from the side wall bottom to the side wall top, the wall formed from material including concrete; b) the side wall of each of the plurality of members having a wall thickness and a reinforcing material within the side wall; c) a base cutter including a plurality of teeth coupled to each of the plurality of members at or near each side wall bottom, wherein the base cutter includes at least one material other than concrete; d) each side wall top having a coupler enabling attachment of each of the plurality of hollow members to a drive unit, the drive unit operable to cause rotation of the member; e) each said member rotatable with the drive unit, wherein rotation of the drive unit affects rotation of each said member and the base cutter; and f) wherein the weight of each said member at least in part facilitates each said member's penetration of the soil mass during rotation, and wherein displaced soil can move through the bore in a direction of the side wall bottom to the side wall top during rotation.
2. The system of claim 1 wherein the base cutter of at least one member of the plurality of members is welded to the reinforcing material.
3. The system of claim 1 wherein the base cutter of at least one member of the plurality of members includes a stud or bolt, and wherein the stud or bolt is embedded in the side wall of the at least one member.
4. The system of claim 1 wherein the side wall of at least one member of the plurality of members is formed from a polymeric concrete material, a polymer-modified concrete material, reinforced concrete, or a material including Portland cement.
5. The system of claim 1 wherein some of the plurality of members are positioned in the soil mass at a depth wherein the side wall top is covered by the soil, and some of the plurality of members are positioned in the soil mass at a depth wherein the side wall top extends a distance above the soil mass.
6. The system of claim 5 wherein an upper portion is coupled to each side wall top of said members that extends above the soil.
7. The system of claim 6 wherein the upper portion is truncated.
8. The system of claim 6 wherein the upper portion includes vegetation or other materials for blending an appearance of the upper portion with a surrounding environment.
9. The system of claim 6 wherein the upper portion includes one or more openings, the one or more openings adapted to allow water or sediment to flow therethrough.
10. The system of claim 1 wherein the wall thickness of each side wall of each said member is between 4 and 14 inches.
11. The system of claim 1 wherein at least one of the side walls of at least one of the plurality of members has a notched interior surface that is adapted to lift, move, or displace the soil while the at least one member is being rotated and screwed into the soil mass.
12. The system of claim 1 wherein the base cutter of at least one member of the plurality of members includes a combination of concrete, steel, and diamond introduced into a concrete pour.
13. The system of claim 1 wherein a stud is welded to the base cutter with concrete poured over the stud and at least a portion of the base cutter when forming at least one member of the plurality of members.
14. The system of claim 1 wherein the base cutter of at least one member of the plurality of members is connected to the reinforcing material.
15. An earth stabilization system for stabilizing a soil mass comprising: a) a plurality of hollow jars positioned within a soil mass to be stabilized, each said jar having a weight, a wall with a wall top and a wall bottom, and a bore extending from the wall bottom to the wall top, the wall formed from a material that can be poured and that hardens when set; b) the wall of each said jar having a wall thickness and a reinforcing material within the wall; c) a base cutter portion formed as part of the wall bottom of each said jar; d) a turning tool; e) each wall top having a coupler enabling attachment of each said jar to a turning tool, the turning tool operable to rotate each said jar; f) wherein the turning tool enables rotation of each said jar and the base cutter portion; g) wherein the weight of each said jar at least in part enables each said jar to cut through the soil mass, and wherein displaced soil can move through the bore in the wall while each said jar is being rotated into the soil mass in the direction of the wall bottom to the wall top; and h) wherein the base cutter portion of at least one jar of the plurality of hollow jars is made from a same material as the wall of the at least one jar, and wherein the same material is reinforced concrete.
16. The system of claim 15 wherein the base cutter portion of the at least one jar additionally includes at least one material that is not concrete, the at least one material selected from the following group: steel, metal, glass, diamond tips, and carbide tips.
17. An earth stabilization system for stabilizing a soil mass comprising: a) a plurality of hollow jars positioned within a soil mass to be stabilized, each said jar having a weight, a wall with a wall top and a wall bottom, and a bore extending from the wall bottom to the wall top, the wall formed from a material that can be poured and that hardens when set; b) the wall of each said jar having a wall thickness and a reinforcing material within the wall; c) a base cutter portion formed as part of the wall bottom of each said jar; d) a turning tool; e) each wall top having a coupler enabling attachment of each said jar to a turning tool, the turning tool operable to rotate each said jar; f) wherein the turning tool enables rotation of each said jar and the base cutter portion; g) wherein the weight of each said jar at least in part enables each said jar to cut through the soil mass, and wherein displaced soil can move through the bore in the wall while each said jar is being rotated into the soil mass in the direction of the wall bottom to the wall top; and h) wherein the wall thickness of each of the plurality of hollow jars is between 3 and 14 inches.
Description
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS
(1) For a further understanding of the nature, objects, and advantages of the present invention, reference should be had to the following detailed description, read in conjunction with the following drawings, wherein like reference numerals denote like elements and wherein:
(2) FIGS. 1A and 1B are perspective views of first preferred embodiments of an earth stabilization system of the present invention including hollow members having sloped upper portions;
(3) FIGS. 2A and 2B are perspective views of second preferred embodiments of an earth stabilization system of the present invention including hollow members with substantially level upper portions;
(4) FIG. 3A is a top view of a first preferred embodiment of a hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1A;
(5) FIG. 3B is an exploded view of a first preferred embodiment of a hollow member of the present invention taken along lines 3B-3B of FIG. 1A;
(6) FIG. 3C is a partial cut away, sectional view of a first preferred embodiment of a hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1A illustrating a base cutter with a stud or bolt embedded in concrete of the hollow member;
(7) FIGS. 3D and 3E are partial cut away, sectional views of a first preferred embodiment of a hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIG. 1A illustrating a location where an extension portion can be coupled to the hollow member;
(8) FIG. 3F is a cut away, close up view of a preferred embodiment of a locking ring that can be included on an extension portion;
(9) FIG. 4A is a partial cut away, exploded view of an alternate embodiment of the hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(10) FIG. 4B is a bottom view of the top extension portion as shown in FIG. 4A;
(11) FIG. 4C is an exploded view of another alternative embodiment of the hollow member as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(12) FIG. 4D is a partial sectional view illustrating a preferred embodiment of a connection between reinforcing material in a wall of the hollow member as shown in FIG. 4A and a base cutter;
(13) FIG. 5A is a cutaway view of a hollow member of the present invention of the embodiment of FIG. 3B coupled to a turning tool instead of an extension portion, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(14) FIG. 5B is a close up cutaway view of the hollow member in FIG. 5A;
(15) FIG. 6 is an exploded view illustrating the hollow member of the present invention of FIG. 4C that can be coupled to a turning tool for rotating into the ground, and also which can be coupled to a top extension portion in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(16) FIG. 7 is a side perspective view of a first preferred embodiment of a turning tool or drive unit that can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(17) FIG. 8 is a bottom view of the turning tool or drive unit as shown in FIG. 7;
(18) FIG. 9 is a top view of the turning tool or drive unit as shown in FIG. 7;
(19) FIG. 10 is a side perspective view of a second preferred embodiment of a turning tool or drive unit that can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(20) FIG. 11 is a bottom view of the turning tool or drive unit as shown in FIG. 10;
(21) FIG. 12 is a top view of the turning tool or drive unit as shown in FIG. 10;
(22) FIG. 13A is a top view of a second preferred embodiment of a hollow member of the present invention including a base cutter as an integral part of a single unit, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(23) FIG. 13B is a side cutaway view of the hollow member as shown in FIG. 13A;
(24) FIG. 14A is a side cutaway view illustrating a hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIG. 13B, and including a top extension portion;
(25) FIG. 14B is a close up, partial cut away view illustrating reinforcing material embedded in the wall of the hollow member as shown in FIG. 14A.
(26) FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a hollow member of the present invention driven into the ground, with a top portion extending into water, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(27) FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a hollow member of the present invention, coupled to a turning tool or drive unit, which is coupled to a crane, and which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the method and system of the present invention;
(28) FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 13A-B that is coupled to a turning tool or drive unit that is coupled to a crane, and which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the method and system of the present invention;
(29) FIG. 18 is another perspective view of a hollow member of FIGS. 13A-13B, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the method and system of the present invention;
(30) FIG. 19 is a perspective view of an alternate embodiment of a hollow member of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 13A-13B including a notched design, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(31) FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a third preferred embodiment of a turning tool or drive unit that can be used with a hollow member as shown in FIG. 19;
(32) FIG. 21A is a top view of a hollow member as shown in FIG. 19;
(33) FIG. 21B is a sectional view of a hollow member as shown in FIG. 19;
(34) FIG. 22A is an exploded view of a hollow member as shown in FIG. 4A but with a level extension portion, which can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention;
(35) FIG. 22B is a bottom view of the extension portion as shown in FIG. 22A;
(36) FIGS. 23A and 23B illustrate a preferred embodiment of a lift anchor, e.g., a DogBone Anchor, that can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the inventions as described herein; and
(37) FIG. 23C is a table including lifting capacities of a DB-52 MB DogBone Anchor.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
(38) FIGS. 1A-1B illustrate first preferred embodiments of a soil stabilization system designated generally by the numeral 10. A soil stabilization system 10 may also sometimes be referred to herein as an earth/ground stabilization system. Soil stabilization system 10 includes a plurality of hollow members 12, which can be piles or jars. In FIG. 1A, a plurality of hollow members 12 are positioned in a plurality of rows. In FIG. 1B, a plurality of hollow members 12 are positioned in a single row.
(39) A hollow member 12 has an upper portion/top 24 and a wall/sidewall 45 (see, for example, FIG. 3B). An extension portion 13, which also may sometimes be referred to herein as an extension or a top portion, can be coupled to upper portion/top 24 of hollow member 12. Extension portion 13 can be truncated or sloped as shown in FIGS. 3A-3B. In other embodiments, an extension portion or top portion that can be coupled to a hollow member 12 can have an upper/top surface that is substantially flat or level (e.g., see extension portion/extension/top portion 67 in FIG. 22A). One or more extension portions 67 can also be used in a soil stabilization system 10 instead of extension portions 13. One or more hollow members 12 with an extension portion 13, and one or more hollow members 12 with an extension portion 67 can also be used together in a soil stabilization system 10.
(40) A hollow member 12 preferably includes a base cutter portion 14 coupled to a bottom 16 of hollow member 12. Base cutter portion 14 can include a plurality of teeth 15 or other protrusions that can function as cutters to break or cutaway soil or other ground or earth material. As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, hollow members 12 can be driven in and positioned within soil mass 21 (which can be ground material, earthen material, a seabed, or a waterbed), to a desired depth, e.g., 1 to 12 feet below surface 43 (which can be a soil mass surface, ground surface, seabed surface, waterbed surface, or other earth surface), and preferably 4 to 12 feet below surface 43. Extension portion 13 can extend a desired distance above surface 43, e.g., 1 to 3 feet (or higher if desired) above surface 43. Extension portion 13 can also extend through or into water 22, above or below a water surface 44 (see, for example, FIGS. 1A-1B, and 15).
(41) A hollow member 12 with or without a top or extension portion 13 can be positioned in soil mass 21. A hollow member 12, with or without a top or extension portion 13 can be positioned along a shoreline, and not within water 22. A hollow member 12, with or without a top or extension portion 13, can also be positioned in a tidal area.
(42) As shown in FIG. 1A, an extension portion 13 can include a plurality of openings or holes 19, which can be generally circular or any other desired shape, e.g., oval, square, rectangular or an irregular shape. An extension portion 13 can also have a wall that does not include holes or openings 19. In a soil stabilization system 10, one or more extension portions 13 can include holes or openings 19, while one or more other extension portions 13 do not include holes or openings 19. A plurality of holes or openings 19 may also be included on walls 45 of hollow members 12, if desired.
(43) Vegetation 20, which can be natural or synthetic vegetation, can be included in holes or openings 19. Gravel, rock, sand, sediment or other desired natural or synthetic material can also be included within a hollow opening or substantially central bore/borehole 18 of extension portion 13. If positioned within water 22, water 22 carrying sediment can flow through holes or openings 19 in extension portion 13 and be deposited within central bore 18 of top/extension portion 13 or flow through extension portion 13 to the other side of extension portion 13. Sediment can also pass between one or more hollow members 12 and be deposited on a rear side of hollow members 12, when hollow members 12 are positioned apart from one another, e.g., spaced a distance apart.
(44) An extension portion 13 can be truncated, and include a slope or sloped portion 42 as shown in FIG. 1A. Alternatively an upper portion of an extension portion 13 can be the same or similar to the top portion 24 of a hollow member 12. In FIG. 22A, a top or extension portion 67 is shown, with a substantially level or flat upper portion/top 68, which can be the same or similar to the top portion 24, 71 of a hollow member 12, 50. Sloped portion 42 can be fabricated to correspond to a slope or natural grade of a surface 43 of the earth, e.g., of a soil surface, ground surface, shore surface, seabed surface or waterbed surface along which the hollow members 12 with a truncated top or extension portion 13 are positioned. This can help hollow members 12 with a top or extension portion 13 coupled thereto blend in with the surrounding natural landscape, waterbed or environment. A sloped portion 42 can also help prevent soil displacement, due to wave action for example, in front of a top or extension portion 13.
(45) FIGS. 2A-2B illustrate second preferred embodiments of a soil stabilization system designated generally by the numeral 11. In the embodiment as shown in FIG. 2A, hollow members 12 do not include an extension portion 13. The hollow members 12 are positioned in soil mass 21 completely below surface 43. In this embodiment, the hollow members 12 help stabilize soil mass 21 and prevent erosion, and the natural landscape and/or waterbed is preserved.
(46) In the embodiment of FIG. 2B, hollow members 12 also do not include an extension portion 13. In FIG. 2B, the upper portion/top 24 of hollow members 12 along with a portion of wall/sidewall 45 of hollow member 12 extend above surface 43. If desired, wall/sidewall 45 of hollow member 12 can include one or more holes or openings 19, e.g., in portions of wall/sidewall 45 that extend above ground surface 43 and/or above water surface 44, and/or in portions of wall/sidewall 45 that extend below surface 43. Vegetation 20, e.g., natural and/or synthetic vegetation, or other desired natural and/or synthetic materials, can be positioned within a hollow opening or substantially central bore or borehole 17 of hollow member 12 that extends above surface 43, and/or through any opening 19. Rock, gravel, sediment and/or other desired natural and/or synthetic material can also be placed within a central bore or borehole 17. In FIG. 2B, all hollow members 12 have openings 19 in portions of sidewall 45 that extends above surface 44. Alternatively, portions of sidewall at any location above surface 43 can have openings 19. In one or more embodiments, a system can include some hollow members 12 with openings 19 in an upper portion of sidewall 45, while other hollow members 12 do not include any openings 19 in an upper portion of sidewall 45.
(47) As shown in FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2B, a plurality of hollow members 12 are preferably provided in a soil stabilization system 10 or 11, and the hollow members 12 can be spaced apart from one another a desired distance, e.g., about 6 to 72 inches apart from one another. Hollow members 12 can be positioned in a single row (e.g., see FIGS. 1B, 2A-2B) or in one or more rows as desired (e.g., see FIG. 1A). Hollow members 12 can be positioned in a substantially linear configuration as shown in FIG. 2A, or in a curved configuration as shown in FIG. 1B. In some embodiments, one or more rows of hollow members 12 can be curved, and one or more rows of hollow members 12 can be substantially straight.
(48) A hollow member 12 is depicted in FIGS. 1A-1B and 2A-2B. Other embodiments of hollow members, piles or jars as described and shown herein, e.g., a hollow member 50, can also be used in a soil stabilization system 10 and/or 11.
(49) Referring now to FIGS. 3A-4D, alternative preferred embodiments of a hollow member 12, which can be used in soil stabilization systems 10, 11 are shown. A hollow member 12 can be a pile or jar. In FIG. 3A, a top view of sloped portion 42 of extension portion 13 is shown, which is coupled to hollow member 12. FIG. 3B is an exploded, sectional view taken along lines 3B-3B of FIG. 1A showing how extension portion 13 can be coupled to hollow member 12 and how hollow member 12 can be coupled to base cutter portion 14.
(50) A hollow member 12 and extension portion 13 can be made of reinforced concrete 47 with one or more spaced apart substantially vertical or longitudinal reinforcing members/bars 25 and one or more spaced apart substantially horizontal or lateral reinforcing members 26, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 4A. Longitudinal 25 and lateral 26 reinforcing members/bars can be steel reinforcing bars or Rebar within wall/side wall portion 45 of a hollow member 12 and/or in wall/side wall portion 46 of extension portion 13. Lateral reinforcing members/bars 26 can extend laterally in a spirally wrapped configuration within sidewall portion 45, e.g., as shown in FIG. 4A, for example. In some embodiments, as shown in FIG. 4C, a wall 45 can include only longitudinal reinforcing bars or members 25. In other embodiments, a wall 45 can include only laterally reinforcing bars or members 26. Concrete 47 can be made from Portland cement concrete material (e.g., cast in a steel or metal or wooden mold), and/or can be made from polymer concrete and polymer-modified concrete materials.
(51) Base cutter portion 14 can be metal, e.g., steel or another desired metal. A base cutter portion 14 is sometimes referred to herein as a base cutter. Base cutter portion 14 can also comprise, or include, diamond tip or carbide tip. Base cutter portion 14 can be made of a combination of concrete materials, composite materials, steel, diamond, carbide, epoxy, carbon fibers, metal fibers or mesh, glass, resin or other desired materials.
(52) In the embodiment of FIGS. 3A-3C, a base cutter portion 14 includes studs or bolts 29, which can be a Nelson stud or Nelson bolt as shown in FIGS. 3B-3C. A stud or bolt 29 can be welded to base cutter portion 14 at a weld 31. If a stud or bolt 29 is a Nelson anchor stud or Nelson anchor bolt, it can be welded to any metal part on the base cutter portion 14 to be poured into concrete. A stud or bolt 29 can also be coupled to a base cutter portion in other suitable ways as are currently known in the art or to be developed in the future. A stud or bolt 29, e.g., a Nelson anchor stud or bolt, can affect coupling or fastening of base cutter portion 14 to concrete 47, and securely hold base cutter portion 14 in concrete 47. A cement mix that can be used to form concrete 47 of a hollow member 12 can be poured over a base cutter portion 14 with a stud or bolt 29 thereon, as shown in FIGS. 3B and 3C, for example, and allowed to set and harden. After setting and hardening, base cutter portion 14 will be coupled to hollow member 12.
(53) Upper portion/top 24 of hollow member 12 preferably includes a pin 28 with top/head 51 and longitudinal portion 64 (see FIGS. 3B, 3D, 3E and 4A) extending upwards from upper portion/top 24 and embedded in hollow member 12, e.g., when a concrete hollow member 12 is cast. Pin 28 is preferably made of high quality and high strength steel. Pin 28 can be a lift, turn, lock, drive, or connecting pin.
(54) Upper portion/top 24 of a hollow member most preferably includes a lift anchor 76, which is sometimes referred to in the art as a DogBone or DogBone Anchor, as shown in FIGS. 23A-23B. Lift anchor 76 can be embedded in and extend upwards from upper portion/top 24 of hollow member 12, e.g., when a concrete hollow member 12 is cast. Lift anchor 76 can include a top/head 77, bottom anchor portion 78 and longitudinal portion 79. Lift anchor 76 can be a DogBone Anchor, sold under part number DB-52 under the trademark MeadowBurke and/or MB, which are commercially available (see MeadowBurke.com). The table in FIG. 23C shows standard anchor sizes and safe working loads in various concrete strengths for DogBone Anchors sold by MeadowBurke.
(55) An extension portion 13 can include a ring 55, e.g., a metal ring, including slots/locks 35 (see FIG. 4B). Ring 55 can be embedded in a lower portion of extension portion 13, e.g., when a concrete extension portion 13 is cast. Preferably a ring 55 is made of high strength steel. FIG. 4B provides a bottom view of extension portion 13 and illustrates an embodiment of a slot/lock 30 on a locking ring 55. FIG. 3F is a close up view of a slot/lock 30 on ring 55.
(56) A space 57 preferably is provided between top/head 51 of a pin 28 and upper portion/top 24, or between a top/head 77 of a lift anchor 76 and upper portion/top 24, for enabling top/head 51, 77 of pin 28 or lift anchor 76 to be inserted into larger portion 54 of slot/lock 30 of extension portion 13 (see FIGS. 3A-3F, 4B) and rotated into narrower portion 53 of slot/lock 30 to lock pin 28 or lift anchor 76 in slot/lock 30 affect coupling of extension portion 13 to hollow member 12. FIG. 3D is a close up view illustrating top/head 51 within slot/lock 30. FIG. 3E is a close up view illustrating how top/head 51 of pin 28 can be inserted into larger opening 54 of slot/lock 30. A lift anchor 76 top/head 77 can be locked within a slot/lock 30 in a same or similar manner as shown in FIGS. 3D, 3E.
(57) A pin 28 or lift anchor 76 can also be coupled to or locked within a turning tool or drive unit 34 or 37, as described further below with regards to FIGS. 5A-5B and 7-12. A hollow member 50 can also have one or more pins 28 (and/or lift anchors 76) and a notch design for coupling to a drive unit 65 that includes a block design (see, e.g., FIGS. 19-21B), as described further below. Upper portion/top 24 of hollow member 12 can be formed and adapted for use with a turning tool or drive unit 65, as discussed further below. A desired amount, e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, or more, of locking or turning pins 28 with a head or top 51, and/or lift anchors 76 with a head/top 77, can be included at upper portion/top 24 of wall 45 of hollow member 12, or in upper portion/top 71 of hollow member 50. Preferably, at least 4 pins 28 or lift anchors 76 are included. A hollow member 12 or 50 can also be coupled to extension portion 13 or 67 and/or to a turning tool or drive unit 34, 37, 65 via other suitable means as currently known in the art or to be developed in the future. In some embodiments one or more locking pins 28 and one or more lift anchors 76 can be embedded in a top portion 24, 71 or a hollow member 12, 50.
(58) In one or more embodiments, notches 35, as shown in FIG. 4C, can be included on an interior surface of wall 45 of hollow member 12 to help facilitate movement of displaced soil upwards in borehole 17. Notches 35 can be included spirally along an interior of wall 45. In other embodiments, material, e.g., metal or plastic can be included on an interior surface of wall 45, e.g., in a spiral configuration, to facilitate movement of displaced soil of soil mass 21 in an upwards direction. Notches 35 can also be included on an interior of wall 63 of hollow member 50 in a similar or the same manner as discussed above.
(59) In FIGS. 4A-4D, an alternate embodiment of a base cutter 14 connection is shown. Base cutter portion 14 in FIGS. 4A, 4C does not include a stud or anchor 29. Base cutter portion 14 is welded to longitudinal reinforcing member 25 in wall 45 of hollow member 12 at weld 31, e.g., as shown in FIG. 4D. Base cutter portion 14 can alternatively be welded to a lateral reinforcing member 26. Base cutter portion 14 can also be welded to both a longitudinal reinforcing member 25 and a lateral reinforcing member 26.
(60) In FIG. 4C, wall 45 includes only longitudinal reinforcing bars/members 25. In other embodiments, only lateral reinforcing bars/members 26 can be used if desired.
(61) In FIGS. 13A-14B and 17-18, another preferred embodiment of a hollow member that can be used in soil stabilization systems 10, 11 is shown and designated by the numeral 50. Hollow member 50 can be a pile or jar. Hollow member 50 differs from hollow member 12 in that hollow member 50 includes a base cutter portion/base cutter 48 formed as an integral part of a single piece construction of hollow member 50, wherein base cutter 48 is integral with, or formed as part of hollow member 50 sidewall 63. A hollow member 50 is a one piece concrete pour including teeth 59 of base cutter portion/base cutter 48.
(62) A sidewall 63 of hollow member 50 can be made of the same or similar material as a sidewall 45 of a hollow member 12 and include longitudinal 25 and/or lateral 26 reinforcing members or bars. A hollow member 50 can be included in one or more embodiments of earthen stabilization systems as shown and described herein, including as shown in FIGS. 1A-2B and 15.
(63) In one or more embodiments of a hollow member 50, cutters/teeth 59 on base cutter portion 48 can be made of the same material, e.g., the same concrete mix, as the hollow member 50 wall portion/sidewall 63. Thus, a bottom surface of cutters or teeth 59 on a cutter portion 48 can be of the same material as the hollow member 50 wall portion 63. Alternatively, in one or more embodiments of a hollow member 50, cutters or teeth 59 can be metal teeth or include other metal protrusions. Cutters/teeth 59 can be steel. Cutters/teeth 59 can be formed from the same material as hollow member 50 wall portion 63 and be coated with a wear resistant or cutting material, e.g., a wear resistant or cutting material including metal or metal fragments, fibers or tips; steel fragments, fibers or tips; diamond tips or particles; carbide tips or particles, epoxy, resin, glass or other desired material. Cutters/teeth 59 could also be formed from the same material as hollow member 50 wall portion/side wall 63 and further include a wear resistant or cutting material in the material mix, e.g., metal or metal fragments, fibers or tips; steel fragments, fibers or tips; diamond tips or particles; carbide tips or particles, epoxy, resin, glass or other desired wear resistant or cutting material in the material mix.
(64) In one or more embodiments, cutters/teeth 59 can be placed in the bottom of a base cutter 48 form, which can be at the bottom of hollow member 50 form. Concrete including steel, fibers, and/or polymers or other desired materials can be poured into the base cutter 48 form portion. Concrete can then be poured into a hollow member 50 form portion, which can set with the base cutter 48 pour mix, e.g., a concrete pour mix, at a bottom of the hollow member 50 form portion. The hollow member 50 form portion can also include longitudinal 25 and/or lateral 26 reinforcing members or bars (e.g., Rebar) or other desired reinforcing material for a concrete pour to be poured over, e.g., in the mold or form.
(65) In one or more embodiments, a hollow member 50 can include a pin 28 or lift anchor 76 in an upper portion/top 71 of hollow member 50 for coupling to a drive unit 34 or 37, and/or for coupling to an extension portion 13, 67 in a similar or same manner as described herein with regard to FIGS. 3B, 4A-4B, 5A-5B and 7-12 (and see FIGS. 23A-23B showing a lift anchor 76 that can be used in embodiments of FIGS. 3B, 4A-4B, 5A-5B and 7-12 instead of a pin 28). A hollow member 50 can also have a pin 28 (or lift anchor 76) and a notch design for coupling to a drive unit 65 that includes a block design (see, e.g., FIGS. 19-21B), as described further below.
(66) If a hollow member 12 or 50 has a notch design included in upper portion/top 24 or 71 of the hollow member 12 or 50 with one or more notches 61, an extension portion 13 or 67 can have a block design on a bottom surface of the extension portion 13, 67 with one or more blocks 62 for mating with the notches 61 on upper portion/top 24 or 71 of the hollow member 12 or 50 (see, e.g., blocks 62 on turning tool/drive unit 65 in FIG. 20; see also FIGS. 19-21B). In this embodiment, an extension portion 13 or 67 with a block design can be coupled to a hollow member 12 or 50 with notches 61 in a similar or same manner as described and shown with regard to blocks 62 on turning tool/drive unit 65.).
(67) Teeth/cutters 15, 59 preferably are arranged on a base cutter portion 14, 48 in a substantially clockwise orientation for clockwise rotation while driving the hollow member 12, 50 into soil mass 21. Alternatively, the teeth/cutters 15, 59 can be positioned on base cutter portion 14, 48 in a substantially counterclockwise orientation if desired for counterclockwise rotation of a hollow member 12, 50 into soil mass 21, e.g., the ground or a waterbed.
(68) Turning now to a further discussion of an extension portion 13, 67, reference is made to FIGS. 4A-4B and 22A-22B. Preferably, a bottom portion 27, 73 of top or extension portion 13, 67 can include a metal ring 55 as shown in FIGS. 4B, 22B that includes one or more slot or lock portions 30 that have a wider portion 54 and a narrower portion 53. The top or head 51 of pin 28 (or top or head 77 of lift anchor 76) can be positioned through the wider portion 54 of slot or lock 30. The top/extension portion 13, 67 can then be rotated so that the longitudinal portion 63 of pin 28 of a hollow member 12, 50 (or longitudinal portion 79 of lift anchor 76) moves into narrow portion 53 of slot or lock 30 and lock pin 28 or lift anchor 76 in slot or lock 30. Other slot or lock configurations or mechanisms can be included on bottom 27, 73 of top/extension portion 13, 67 that are known and/or commonly used in the precast industry. Slot or lock 30 preferably is adapted to form a releasable connection with a pin 28 or lift anchor 76 that is included in hollow member 12 or 50 and has head/top portion 51, 77 extending a desired distance above upper portion/top 24, 71 of hollow member 12 or 50.
(69) Alternatively, a bottom or bottom portion 27, 73 of extension portion 13 or 67 can include slot or lock portions 30 formed into bottom portion 27, 73, e.g., as part of the concrete 47 wall 46, with the slot or lock 30 preferably adapted to form a releasable connection with a pin 28 or lift anchor 76 that is included in hollow member 12 or 50 and has head/top portion 51, 77 extending a desired distance above upper portion/top 24, 71 of hollow member 12 or 50. In this embodiment, slot or lock 30 can be of similar configuration to what is shown in FIGS. 4B and 22B on bottom 27, 73 and/or to what is shown on turning tools or drive units 34, 37, 65 in FIGS. 7-12, and 20, with a narrow portion 53 and wider portion 54, but without a metal ring 55 containing the slots 30.
(70) As shown in FIG. 22A, an extension portion of a hollow member 12, 50 can be a top or extension portion 67 that has a relatively flat or level upper portion/top 68 instead of a sloped upper portion 42. The relatively flat or level upper portion/top 68 of extension portion 67 can be the same or similar to upper portion/top 24 of a hollow member 12, or the upper portion/top 71 of hollow member 50. As discussed, an extension portion 67 can include a slot or lock 30 mechanism on a bottom 73 for coupling to a pin 28 or lift anchor 76 on a hollow member 12, 50. In some embodiments, an extension portion 67 can include a pin 28 or lift anchor 76 in an upper portion/top 68 that protrudes a desired distance above upper portion/top 68, for enabling attachment to another extension portion 67 and/or to an extension portion 13. In this manner, a first extension portion 67 can be coupled to a hollow member 12 or 50, and a second extension portion 67 can be coupled to the first extension portion 67. Additional extension portions 67 can be provided until a desired height is reached. A drive unit or turning tool 34, 37 or 65 can be coupled to an uppermost extension portion 67 to drive the entire unit that is coupled together into the ground. An extension portion 13 with a slanted surface/slope 42 can also be coupled to an upper portion/top 68 of an extension portion 67, e.g., as a final extension portion 13 if desired, after driving the entire coupled unit with a hollow member 12 or 50 and one or more extension portions 67 into soil mass 21.
(71) Including a metal ring 55 with slot or lock portions 30 on the bottom portion 27, 73 of an extension portion 13, 67 can be desirable to achieve a tighter and/or stronger connection. This may be desirable for example when adding on additional extensions 67 and/or extensions 13 to increase length in deeper water.
(72) Turning now to a discussion of turning tools or drive units that can be used in one or more preferred embodiments of the present invention, reference is made to FIGS. 5A-12 and 19-21B. To couple a turning tool or drive unit 34, as shown in FIGS. 7-9, to hollow member 12 or 50, head 51 of pin 28 (or head 77 of lift anchor 76) can be inserted through the wider opening/larger portion 36 of a slot/lock 32, and drive unit 34 can be rotated to lock pin 28 or lift anchor 76 in narrower portion of the slot/lock 32. Referring to FIGS. 5A-5B and 8, head 51 of a pin 28 can be inserted into larger portion 36 of slot 32. Pin 28 longitudinal portion 64 can move in the direction of arrow 23 in slot 32 until head 51 is at or about an end of slot 32 to lock pin 28 in place. The location of top/head 51 when a pin 28 is locked in a slot 32 is shown in FIG. 8. Top/head 77 of lift anchor 76 can be locked in a slot 32 in a same or similar manner as shown in and described with regards to FIGS. 5A-5B and 8.
(73) An alternate embodiment of a turning tool or drive unit 37, as shown in FIGS. 10-12, can also be coupled to a hollow member 12 or 50 that has a pin 28 or lift anchor 76 in the same or similar manner. Turning tool or drive unit 37 is similar to turning tool or drive unit 34 but includes openings 75. FIG. 11 shows bottom 41 of drive unit 37, and FIG. 12 shows top 40 of drive unit 37. A drive unit 65, as shown in FIG. 20 can also be coupled to a hollow member 12 or 50 if hollow members 12 or 50 include a notch design, e.g., as shown in FIGS. 19, 21B. A notch design can be desirable, for example, in deeper applications to provide a stronger locking connection.
(74) Drive units 34, 37, 65 can be coupled to a crane 52 or other suitable machinery at opening or central bore 56 with a coupler 58, for example, as shown in FIG. 20. Lock or turning pins 28 (or lift anchors 76) can be provided as part of a hollow member 12 or 50 to help couple hollow member 12 or 50 to a drive unit 34, 37, 65 at slots or locks 32 of drive unit 34, 37, 65.
(75) In the embodiment of drive unit/turning tool 65 as shown FIG. 20, an alternative or secondary notch and block type system can be provided to go along with the turn or lock drive pins 28 or lift anchors 76 on a hollow member 12 or 50, or extension portion 67, for example, that includes one or more pins 28 or lift anchors 76 embedded therein. As shown in FIGS. 19, and 21B, one or more notches 61 can be provided in a hollow member 50 upper portion/top 71 for mating with one or more blocks 62 on a bottom surface 66 of a drive unit or turning tool 65. Notches 61 can have a width or longitudinal length that is larger than blocks 62. This enables blocks 62 to slide within notches 21 while a locking pin 28 or lift anchor 76 is sliding to lock in slot 32, which can be the same or similar to a slot 32 as shown and described with regard to drive units 34 and 37. Preferably block 62 is in contact with a wall of notch 61 after locking pin 28 or lift anchor 76 is locked in slot 32. Notches 61 and blocks 62 can be sized based on the distance that locking pin 28 or lift anchor 76 will travel within slot/lock 32 so that block 62 makes contact with a wall 60 of notch 61 after locking pin 28 in slot 32.
(76) A block 62 can preferably have about a 2 inch longitudinal width and a notch 61 can preferably have a longitudinal width of about 6 inches. The sizes and dimensions of the blocks and notches can vary as desired, e.g., based on the cylinder structure size and/or based on a locking slot 32 dimensions.
(77) Although not shown, a similar or the same drive unit 65 can be used with a hollow member 12 that can include notches 61 as part of an upper portion/top 24 surface of the hollow member 12 for mating with blocks 62 of the drive unit or turning tool 65. A crane 52, or other suitable machinery, can be coupled to drive unit 65 in central bore 56 of drive unit 65 with a coupler 58, which can be a locking nut, for example. If a hollow member 12 or 50 has a notch design on an upper portion/top 24, 71 of the hollow member 12, 50, a top or extension portion 13 can have a block design on a bottom surface thereof for mating with the notches 61 on the top portion of the hollow member 12 or 50.
(78) In one or more embodiments of the method of the present invention, a hollow member 12, 50 can be driven, screwed, rotated or turned into soil mass 21. A crane 52 or other suitable machinery (shown in partial view in FIGS. 16-17) can be coupled to a drive unit 34, 37 or 65, that is coupled to a hollow member 12 or 50, and which can cause hollow member 12 or 50 to rotate. A drive unit 34, 37 or 65 can also be coupled to an extension portion 67 that is coupled to a hollow member 12 or 50. The weight of the hollow member 12, 50 and the base cutter 14, 48 can facilitate driving, screwing, rotating, or turning of hollow member 12, 50 into soil mass 21. As hollow member 12, 50 is being driven, screwed, rotated, or turned into soil mass 21, soil mass 21 can be displaced and travel through opening or bore 49 in base cutter 14, through opening or bore 17 in hollow member 12, 50 and through opening or central bore 18, in extension portion 13, 67 if included.
(79) In one or more embodiments of the system and method, one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be driven, screwed or turned into soil mass 21 so that hollow member 12, 50 is completely below soil mass 21 surface 43 as shown in FIG. 2A. In one or more embodiments, one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 as shown in FIG. 2B.
(80) In one or more embodiments of the system and method, one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be driven, screwed or turned into soil mass 21 so that hollow member 12, 50 is completely below soil mass 21 surface 43 as shown in FIG. 2A, and one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 as shown in FIG. 2B.
(81) In another embodiment of the system and method, one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be driven, screwed or turned completely within soil mass 21 as shown in FIG. 2A, one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be driven, screwed or turned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 as shown in FIG. 2B, and one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 and wherein an extension portion 13 or 67 is coupled to hollow member 12, 50, e.g., as shown in FIG. 1A or 1B.
(82) In another embodiment, one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 as shown in FIG. 2B, and one or more hollow members 12, 50 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 and wherein an extension portion 13 or 67 is coupled to hollow member 12, 50. In another embodiment, one or more hollow members 12, 50 including an extension portion 13 or 67 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that a portion of wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is above surface 43 of soil mass 21 and wherein an extension portion 13, 67 is coupled to hollow member 12, 50, e.g., as shown in FIG. 1A or 1B.
(83) In another embodiment, one or more hollow members 12, 50 including an extension portion 13 or 67 can be positioned in soil mass 21 so that wall 45, 63 of a hollow member 12, 50 is below surface 43 of soil mass 21 and wherein an extension portion 13, 67 is coupled to hollow member 12, 50 and extends above surface 43, e.g., as shown in FIG. 1A or 1B.
(84) After a hollow member 12, 50 is driven into soil mass 21, a drive unit 34, 37 or 65 can be uncoupled from hollow member 12, 50. An extension portion 13, 67 can thereafter be coupled to a hollow member 12, 50, by a keyed slot formed into the concrete or other embedded materials, e.g., a metal keyed slot. An extension portion 13, 67 can be coupled to hollow member 12, 50 manually or with use of machinery that can pick up extension portion 13, 67, place extension portion 13, 67 on hollow member 12, 50, wherein a pin 28 or a lift anchor 76 is inserted into a keyed slot or into slots 30 or 32, and rotated to lock. If desired, rocks, gravel, sediment or other materials can be poured into an open upper portion of a hollow member 12, 50 or extension portion 13, 67 that is extending above surface 43. Vegetation 20 or other desired materials, natural or synthetic, can also be added to an upper portion of hollow member 12, 50 or extension portion 13, 67, e.g., to blend the hollow members 12, 50 with the surrounding landscape or environment.
(85) Preferably a hollow member 12 or 50 is driven into the ground, waterbed, soil, sand, sediment, clay, or other earthen material at a depth that will provide stabilization to the earthen material, e.g., 4 feet below the surface, or about 2 to 6 feet below the surface. Preferably, a hollow member 12 or 50 is driven substantially straight and to a depth at which the hollow member 12 or 50 can remain straight even if subjected to wave action. In some embodiments, a hollow member 12 or 50 can be driven to a depth that is over 6 feet below the surface, e.g., about 6 to 12 feet or more below the surface.
(86) In various embodiments, when using additional soft or hard top or extension portions 13, the bottom hollow member 12 or 50 can be driven approximately one foot below the earth surface 43. When using just a single hollow member 12 or 50, a hollow member upper portion/top 24 or 71 can be about flush with the earth surface 43, or can be just below the earth surface 43, or can extend a distance above the earth surface 43. When using a single hollow member 12 or 50 with an extension portion 67, a hollow member upper portion/top 24 or 71 can be about flush with the earth surface 43, or can be just below the earth surface 43, or can extend a distance above the earth surface 43 with extension portion 67 extending above the earth surface 43. When using a single hollow member 12 or 50 with an extension portion 67, a hollow member upper portion/top 24 or 71 can be a desired distance below earth surface 43, with top 68 of extension portion 67 about flush with the earth surface 43, or just below the earth surface 43, or extending a desired distance above the earth surface 43.
(87) As discussed, although concrete is the preferred material for a hollow member, jar or pile used in one or more preferred embodiments of the system and method of the present invention, a hollow member, jar or pile can also be formed from other similar materials currently available or to be developed in the future. For example, other mixtures or compositions of earth materials, e.g., minerals, rocks, soil, clay, water, plant fibers, etc., and/or other mixtures or compositions including synthetic materials, e.g., acrylic, aramid, carbon, nylon, polyester, polyethylene, that can be spread or poured into molds and that can form a stonelike mass on hardening can be used.
(88) In some embodiments, mixtures or compositions can include metals, minerals, clay, hemp, saw dust, steel dust, fly ash, straw, broken stone or gravel, sand, cement, and/or water or other fluid, and/or other similar materials that can be spread or poured into molds and that can form a stonelike mass on hardening can be used. Fiber reinforced concrete can also be used, e.g., with fibers including steel fibers, glass fibers, synthetic fibers, natural fibers and/or one or more of the materials listed above.
(89) The following is a list of parts and materials suitable for use in the present invention:
(90) TABLE-US-00001 PARTS LIST: PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION 10 earth/ground/soil stabilization system 11 earth/ground/soil stabilization system 12 hollow member/pile/jar 13 extension portion/extension/top portion 14 base cutter portion/base cutter 15 teeth/cutters 16 bottom 17 opening/central bore/borehole 18 opening/central bore/borehole 19 hole/opening 20 vegetation 21 soil mass/ground material/earthen material/seabed/ waterbed 22 water 23 arrow 24 upper portion/top 25 reinforcer/reinforcing bar/rebar 26 reinforcer/reinforcing bar/rebar 27 bottom/bottom portion 28 lift, turn, drive, connecting pin 29 nelson pin/stud/bolt 30 slot/lock 31 weld 32 slot/lock 33 narrower portion 34 turning tool/drive unit 35 notch 36 larger portion/wider opening 37 turning tool/drive unit 38 top 39 bottom 40 top 41 bottom 42 slope/sloped portion 43 surface/earth surface/seabed surface/waterbed surface/ground surface 44 water surface 45 wall/side wall 46 wall/side wall 47 concrete 48 base cutter portion/base cutter 49 opening/bore 50 hollow member/pile/jar 51 top/head of pin 52 crane 53 narrow portion 54 wider portion 55 ring, e.g., metal 56 opening/bore 57 space 58 coupler/crane coupler 59 cutter/teeth 60 wall 61 notch 62 block 63 wall/sidewall 64 longitudinal portion 65 turning tool/drive unit 66 bottom surface 67 extension portion/extension/top portion 68 upper portion/top 71 upper portion/top 73 bottom/bottom portion 75 opening 76 lift anchor/dog bone 77 top/head 78 bottom/anchor 79 longitudinal portion
