FOUNDATION STRUCTURE FOR BUILDING, AND CONSTRUCTION METHOD THEREFOR

Abstract

A building foundation structure includes a ground improved body obtained by improving a surface layer ground, and foundation concrete placed on the ground improved body. A bottom surface of a foundation concrete located below a building pillar has a four-or-more-sided polygonal shape smaller than the plan shape of the foundation concrete, and a part of the lower surface of the foundation concrete other than the bottom surface is a slope surface connecting the bottom surface and the plan shape. Since the stress from the foundation is transferred to the lower ground in its broader range, the stress transferred to the lower ground can be reduced. In addition, since the placing amount of the foundation concrete is reduced, the construction cost can be reduced.

Claims

1. A building foundation structure comprising a ground improved body obtained by improving a surface layer ground, and foundation concrete placed on the ground improved body, wherein the foundation concrete located below a building pillar has a bottom surface having a four-or-more-sided polygonal shape smaller than a plan shape of the foundation concrete, and the foundation concrete has a lower surface including the bottom surface, a part of the lower surface other than the bottom surface being a slope surface connecting the bottom surface and the plan shape, and a slope angle of the slope surface from a horizontal plane is not less than 20 and not greater than 40.

2. (canceled)

3. A construction method for a building foundation structure that includes a ground improved body obtained by improving a surface layer ground, and foundation concrete placed on the ground improved body, the construction method comprising: a ground improvement step; a foundation excavation step; and a foundation placing step, wherein the ground improvement step is a step of backfilling soil obtained by digging a surface layer ground down, mixing and stirring the soil while adding and mixing a solidification material, and then performing compaction to form the ground improved body, the foundation excavation step includes a step of excavating an upper part of the ground improved body located below an above-ground part of a building pillar, into a polygonal prism shape with a four-or-more-sided base, to form an upper excavated portion, and a step of excavating a part below the upper excavated portion, so as to form a bottom surface having a four-or-more-sided polygonal shape smaller than a plan shape of the upper excavated portion, and form a slope surface connecting the bottom surface and a lower end of the upper excavated portion, thus forming a lower excavated portion, a slope angle of the slope surface from a horizontal plane being not less than 20 and not greater than 40, and the foundation placing step is a step of placing leveling concrete into the lower excavated portion, performing foundation reinforcing bar arrangement in the upper excavated portion and the lower excavated portion, and placing the foundation concrete.

4. (canceled)

5. The building foundation structure according to claim 1, further comprising an upper part of the foundation concrete has a polygonal prism shape with a four-or-more-sided base having the plan shape.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0022] FIG. 1 shows a building foundation structure according to embodiment 1 of the present invention, where FIG. 1A is a plan view and FIG. 1B is a sectional view taken along arrows X-X in FIG. 1A.

[0023] FIG. 2 is an enlarged view of a major part in FIG. 1B.

[0024] FIG. 3 shows a state in which, in a foundation excavation step, an upper excavated portion and a lower excavated portion are formed in a ground improved body formed in a ground improvement step, where FIG. 3A is a plan view and FIG. 3B is a sectional view.

[0025] FIG. 4 shows a finite-element-method (FEM) analysis model of ground (hereinafter referred to as ground FEM analysis model), where FIG. 4A is a plan view and FIG. 4B is a sectional view.

[0026] FIG. 5 shows a shape in the case where a slope angle is 0 (Comparative example) in FIG. 4, where FIG. 5A is a plan view and FIG. 5B is a sectional view.

[0027] FIG. 6 is a graph showing change in a ground contact pressure underneath (at point D) the improved body with the slope angle .

[0028] FIG. 7 is a graph showing change in a concrete amount with the slope angle .

[0029] FIG. 8 shows foundation concrete in a building foundation structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention, where FIG. 8A is a perspective view as seen from below, and FIG. 8B is a plan view of a ground FEM analysis model similar to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.

[0030] FIG. 9 shows foundation concrete in a building foundation structure according to embodiment 3 of the present invention, where FIG. 9A is a perspective view as seen from below, and FIG. 9B is a plan view of a ground FEM analysis model similar to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.

[0031] FIG. 10 shows foundation concrete in a building foundation structure according to embodiment 4 of the present invention, where FIG. 10A is a perspective view as seen from below, and FIG. 10B is a plan view of a ground FEM analysis model similar to FIG. 4A and FIG. 4B.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

[0032] Hereinafter, embodiments according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0033] A building foundation structure 1 according to the present invention includes a ground improved body 2 obtained by improving a surface layer ground G, and foundation concrete 3 placed on the ground improved body 2.

[0034] A bottom surface BS1 of the foundation concrete 3 located below a building pillar 4 is formed in a four-or-more-sided polygonal shape smaller than the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3. A part of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 other than the bottom surface BS1 is formed to be slope surfaces connecting the bottom surface BS1 and the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3.

Embodiment 1

[0035] A plan view in FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B which is a sectional view along arrows X-X in FIG. 1A, and a major part enlarged sectional view in FIG. 2 show a building foundation structure 1 according to embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0036] The building foundation structure 1 includes a ground improved body 2 obtained by improving a surface layer ground G, and foundation concrete 3 placed on the ground improved body 2.

[0037] The plan shape of the foundation concrete 3 is a square, and a bottom surface BS1 of the foundation concrete 3 is a square smaller than the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3.

[0038] A part of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 other than the bottom surface BS1 is formed to be slope surfaces S1 that connect the bottom surface BS1 and the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3 as shown in FIG. 2. In the present embodiment, the shape of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 is a reverse quadrangular frustum.

[0039] The building foundation structure 1 according to the present embodiment is individual footing. However, continuous footing or mat foundation may be employed.

[0040] Next, an example of a construction process for the building foundation 1 will be described.

[0041] <Ground Improvement Step>

[0042] (Dig-Down Step)

[0043] The surface layer ground G below a ground level GL shown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 2 is dug down in a desired shape by, for example, plowing using a backhoe.

[0044] (Primary Improvement Step)

[0045] Next, a primary improvement step is performed as follows. A backhoe, for example, to which a mixing fork is mounted as an attachment, is used to perform excavation on the ground into a square shape which corresponds to the lower-part shape of the ground improved body 2. Then, mixing and stirring are performed while a solidification material such as a cement-based solidification material is added and mixed, and compaction is performed by a heavy machine and a roller, etc., to form the lower part of the ground improved body 2.

[0046] (Secondary Improvement Step)

[0047] Next, a secondary improvement step is performed as follows. The soil obtained by digging in the dig-down step is backfilled to the upper side of the lower part of the ground improved body 2 by a backhoe or the like. Then, a backhoe, for example, to which a mixing fork is mounted as an attachment, is used for excavating the surface layer ground G from the ground level GL into the upper-part shape of the ground improved body 2. Then, mixing and stirring are performed while a solidification material is added and mixed, and compaction is performed by a heavy machine and a roller, etc., to form the upper part of the ground improved body 2.

[0048] <Foundation Excavation Step>

[0049] (Upper excavated portion forming step) Next, with respect to the ground improved body 2 formed in the ground improvement step, as shown in a plan view in FIG. 3A and a sectional view in FIG. 3B, the upper part of the ground improved body 2 located below the above-ground part of each steel pillar 4 shown in FIG. 1A, FIG. 1B, and FIG. 2 is excavated to a predetermined depth into a rectangular parallelepiped shape in a range of a transverse width B1 and a longitudinal width W1 shown in FIG. 3A, by a backhoe or the like, to form an upper excavated portion 2A.

[0050] (Lower Excavated Portion Forming Step)

[0051] Next, a part below the upper excavated portion 2A is excavated into a reverse quadrangular frustum so that a bottom surface BS2 has a square shape, and thus a lower excavated portion 2B is formed.

[0052] For example, the lower excavated portion 2B is formed by performing excavation to a predetermined depth into a rectangular parallelepiped shape in a range of a transverse width B2 and a longitudinal width W2 shown in FIG. 3A, by a backhoe or the like, and then performing excavation so as to form slope surfaces S2 in a reverse quadrangular frustum shape shown in FIG. 3B.

[0053] <Foundation Placing Step>

[0054] Then, leveling concrete 6 shown in FIG. 2 is placed into the lower excavated portion 2B.

[0055] Next, a pedestal anchor bolt for fixing the steel pillar 4 is fixed to the leveling concrete 6, foundation reinforcing bar arrangement is performed in the upper excavated portion 2A and the lower excavated portion 2B, and foundation concrete 3 is placed.

[0056] An upper part 3A (range of height H1 in FIG. 2) of the foundation concrete 3 is formed in a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a lower part 3B (range of height H2 in FIG. 2) of the foundation concrete 3 is formed in a reverse quadrangular frustum shape.

[0057] Next, the steel pillar 4 is installed and floor concrete 5 is placed.

[0058] Through the above process, construction of the building foundation (understructure) 1 shown in FIG. 1A and FIG. 1B is completed.

[0059] <Confirmation of Effects Through Numerical Analysis>

[0060] Next, numerical analysis performed for confirming effects will be described.

[0061] (Analysis Method)

[0062] Numerical analysis is performed on an analysis model shown in the plan view in FIG. 4A and the sectional view in FIG. 4B, using ground finite element method (FEM) analysis software.

[0063] Setting is made as follows: improvement width L=2.5 m, foundation height H=0.8 m, and foundation transverse width B1=foundation longitudinal width W1=3.0 m.

[0064] A load applied to the foundation 3 is set to 900 kN, and a distributed load w of 2,500 kN/m.sup.2 is applied to an area with a transverse-direction range a and a longitudinal-direction range b (a=b=0.6 m).

[0065] Evaluation items are principal stresses (kN/m.sup.2) at points A to C underneath the foundation concrete 3, a ground contact pressure (kN/m.sup.2) at a point D underneath the ground improved body 2, and a concrete amount (m.sup.3) which is the volume of the foundation concrete 3, as shown in FIG. 4B).

EXAMPLES AND COMPARATIVE EXAMPLE

[0066] Analysis is performed while a slope angle of the slope surfaces S1, S2 (side surface of reverse truncated cone) from a horizontal plane is changed as =0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 45. The case of =0 is defined as Comparative example, and the cases of =10, 20, 30, 40, 45 are defined as Examples 1 to 5, respectively.

[0067] An analysis model in the case of =0 in Comparative example has a shape shown in a plan view in FIG. 5A and a sectional view in FIG. 5B.

[0068] (Parameters)

[0069] With respect to =10, 20, 30, 40, 45, the transverse width B2 of the foundation bottom surface, the longitudinal width W2 of the foundation bottom surface, the height H1 of the rectangular parallelepiped part, and the height H2 of the reverse quadrangular frustum part are set as shown in Table 1.

[0070] (Analysis Result)

[0071] Table 1 shows a result of analysis for the evaluation items.

[0072] FIG. 6 shows change in the ground contact pressure (Ground contact pressure underneath improved body) at the point D underneath the ground improved body 2 with respect to the slope angle of the slope surfaces S1, S2 (side surface of reverse truncated cone) from the horizontal plane, and FIG. 7 shows change in the volume (Concrete amount) of the foundation concrete 3 with respect to the slope angle.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Parameter/evaluation item Foundation Ground contact concrete Principal stress pressure Plan shape underneath foundation underneath Comparative (magnitude rela- concrete improved body Concrete example/ tion) Bottom L H B1 W1 B2 W2 H1 H2 Point A Point B Point C Point D amount Example 1 surface shape () (m) (kN/m.sup.2) (m.sup.3) Comparative FIG. Square = 0 2.5 0.8 3.0 3.0 42.00 60.00 541.0 22.04 7.2 example 5 Square Example 1 FIG. Square > 10 1.0 1.0 0.62 0.18 43.40 64.00 510.0 21.26 6.3 Example 2 4 Square 20 1.0 1.0 0.4 0.4 51.00 65.39 491.6 20.70 5.2 Example 3 30 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.6 53.09 75.04 479.9 20.23 4.2 Example 4 40 1.6 1.6 0.2 0.6 50.10 75.90 428.1 20.27 4.9 Example 5 45 1.8 1.8 0.2 0.6 46.00 75.50 449.0 20.31 5.3

[0073] From the graph in FIG. 6, it is found that the ground contact pressure underneath the improved body is smaller in Examples 1 to 5 having some slope angles than in Comparative example having no slope angle (=0).

[0074] The reason is considered as follows. In Examples, the shape of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 located below the building pillar 4 is a reverse quadrangular frustum. Therefore, the range in which stress is transferred from the foundation concrete 3 to the lower ground is broadened, and thus stress transferred to the lower ground can be reduced.

[0075] Then, it is found that the ground contact pressure underneath the improved body decreases as the slope angle is increased, and the ground contact pressure underneath the improved body becomes further smaller in a range of 20<<40 and is minimized in the vicinity of =30.

[0076] For example, the ground contact pressure underneath the improved body in Example 3 (=30) is smaller by about 8% than the ground contact pressure underneath the improved body in Comparative example (=0).

[0077] In addition, from the graph in FIG. 7, it is found that the concrete amount is smaller in Examples 1 to 5 having some slope angles than in Comparative example having no slope angle (=0).

[0078] The reason is as follows. In Examples, the shape of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 located below the building pillar 4 is a reverse quadrangular frustum. Therefore, the volume of the foundation concrete is smaller in Examples (FIG. 4B) than in Comparative example (FIG. 5B).

[0079] Then, it is found that the concrete amount decreases as the slope angle is increased, and the concrete amount becomes further smaller in a range of 20<<40 and is minimized in the vicinity of =30.

[0080] For example, the concrete amount in Example 3 (=30) is smaller by about 42% than the concrete amount in Comparative example (=0).

[0081] From the above analysis result, it is found that setting the slope angle of the slope surfaces S1, S2 (side surface of reverse truncated cone) from the horizontal plane in a range not less than 20 and not greater than 40 is preferable because the reduction rate of the stress transferred to the lower ground and the reduction rate of the placing amount of the foundation concrete are increased, and in particular, setting the slope angle to about 30 is more preferable because the reduction rate of the stress transferred to the lower ground and the reduction rate of the placing amount of the foundation concrete are maximized.

[0082] Hereinafter, regarding modifications of the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3 and the shape of the bottom surface BS1 of the foundation concrete 3, these shapes and ground FEM analysis results will be described.

Embodiment 2

[0083] Foundation concrete 3 in a building foundation structure according to embodiment 2 of the present invention is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 8A and a plan view of a ground FEM analysis model in FIG. 8B.

[0084] The plan shape of the foundation concrete 3 and the shape of the bottom surface BS1 are regular octagons.

[0085] The shape of the upper part 3A of the foundation concrete 3 is a regular octagonal prism, and the shape of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 corresponding to the lower part 3B of the foundation concrete 3 is a reverse octagonal frustum.

Embodiment 3

[0086] Foundation concrete 3 in a building foundation structure according to embodiment 3 of the present invention is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 9A and a plan view of a ground FEM analysis model in FIG. 9B.

[0087] The plan shape of the foundation concrete 3 is a regular octagon, and the shape of the bottom surface BS1 is a square.

[0088] The shape of the upper part 3A of the foundation concrete 3 is a regular octagonal prism, and a part of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 other than the square-shaped bottom surface BS1 is formed to be slope surfaces connecting the lower end (regular-octagonal plan shape) of the upper part 3A of the foundation concrete 3 and the square-shaped bottom surface BS1.

Embodiment 4

[0089] Foundation concrete 3 in a building foundation structure according to embodiment 4 of the present invention is shown in a perspective view in FIG. 10A and a plan view of a ground FEM analysis model in FIG. 10B.

[0090] The plan shape of the foundation concrete 3 is a regular hexadecagon, and the shape of the bottom surface BS1 is a square.

[0091] The shape of the upper part 3A of the foundation concrete 3 is a regular hexadecagonal prism, and a part of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 other than the square-shaped bottom surface BS1 is formed to be slope surfaces connecting the lower end (regular-hexadecagonal plan shape) of the upper part 3A of the foundation concrete 3 and the square-shaped bottom surface BS1.

[0092] <Result of Ground FEM Analysis>

[0093] In embodiments 2 to 4, numerical analysis was performed using ground FEM analysis software, regarding analysis models similar to the analysis model shown in the plan view in FIG. 4A and the sectional view in FIG. 4B in embodiment 1.

[0094] Embodiments 2 to 4 are defined as Examples 6 to 8, and these Examples, in which the slope angle of the slope surfaces S1, S2 from the horizontal surface is set as =30, are shown in Table 2, together with Comparative example and Example 3.

[0095] As in Table 1, evaluation items are principal stresses (kN/m.sup.2) at the points A to C underneath the foundation concrete 3, a ground contact pressure (kN/m.sup.2) at the point D underneath the ground improved body 2, and a concrete amount (m.sup.3) which is the volume of the foundation concrete 3, as shown in FIG. 4B.

[0096] From Table 2, it is found that the ground contact pressures underneath the improved bodies in embodiments 2 to 4 (Examples 6 to 8) are smaller by about 6 to 7% than the ground contact pressure underneath the improved body in Comparative example (=0).

[0097] In addition, it is found that the concrete amounts in embodiments 2 to 4 (Examples 6 to 8) are smaller by about 36 to 39% than the concrete amount in Comparative example (=) 0.

[0098] As described above, the bottom surface BS1 of the foundation concrete 3 located below the building pillar 4 is formed in a four-or-more-sided polygonal shape smaller than the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3, and a part of the lower surface of the foundation concrete 3 other than the bottom surface BS1 is formed to be slope surfaces connecting the bottom surface BS1 of the foundation concrete 3 and the plan shape of the foundation concrete 3, whereby the stress from the foundation is transferred to the lower ground in its broader range, and thus stress transferred to the lower ground can be reduced.

[0099] In addition, since the foundation concrete 3 located below the building pillar 4 has the above shape, the volume thereof becomes smaller as compared to the shape of conventional foundation concrete 3 as shown in FIG. 5. Therefore, the placing amount of foundation concrete can be reduced, and thus construction cost can be reduced.

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Parameter/evaluation item Foundation Ground contact concrete Principal stress pressure Plan shape underneath foundation underneath Comparative (magnitude rela- concrete improved body Concrete example/ tion) Bottom L H B1 W1 B2 W2 H1 H2 Point A Point B Point C Point D amount Example surface shape () (m) (kN/m.sup.2) (m.sup.3) Comparative FIG. Square = 0 2.5 0.8 3.0 3.0 42.00 60.00 541.0 22.04 7.2 example 5 Square Example 3 FIG. Square > 30 1.0 1.0 0.2 0.6 53.09 75.04 479.9 20.23 4.2 4 Square Example 6 FIG. Regular 3.4 3.4 1.1 1.1 52.99 74.34 303.4 20.67 4.4 8 octagon > Regular octagon Example 7 FIG. Regular 53.08 70.15 337.5 20.53 4.6 9 octagon > Square Example 8 FIG. Regular 53.91 70.72 328.0 20.68 4.4 10 hexadecagon > Square

[0100] The description of the above embodiments is in all aspects illustrative and not restrictive. Various improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF THE REFERENCE CHARACTERS

[0101] 1 building foundation structure [0102] 2 ground improved body [0103] 2A upper excavated portion [0104] 2B lower excavated portion [0105] 3 foundation concrete [0106] 3A upper part [0107] 3B lower part [0108] 4 steel pillar [0109] 5 floor concrete [0110] 6 leveling concrete [0111] B1 foundation transverse width [0112] B2 transverse width of foundation bottom surface [0113] BS1, BS2 bottom surface [0114] G surface layer ground [0115] GL ground level [0116] H foundation height [0117] H1 height of rectangular parallelepiped part [0118] H2 height of reverse quadrangular frustum part [0119] L improvement width [0120] S1, S2 slope surface [0121] W1 foundation longitudinal width [0122] W2 longitudinal width of foundation bottom surface [0123] a transverse-direction range in which equally distributed load acts [0124] b longitudinal-direction range in which equally distributed load acts [0125] slope angle of slope surface from horizontal plane [0126] w equally distributed load