End closure with large opening ring pull tab

Abstract

An end closure for food and beverage containers is provided. The end closure comprises a central panel with a large opening defined by a score line and a safety fold positioned proximate at least a portion of said score line. The end closure further comprises a ring pull tab operably interconnected to the central panel proximate to a peripheral edge of the central panel. Prior to opening the end closure, a tail end of the ring pull tab is positioned over the tear panel. In some embodiments, the tear panel may completely detach from the end closure upon opening.

Claims

1. A metallic end closure with improved pouring features, comprising: a peripheral curl which is adapted for interconnection to a neck of a beverage container; a chuck wall extending downwardly from said peripheral curl; a countersink interconnected to a lower end of said chuck wall; an inner panel wall extending upwardly from an interior portion of said countersink; a central panel having a perimeter and a center point which is located at an intersection of a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, wherein said vertical axis and said horizontal axis form four quadrants, wherein said perimeter of said central panel is interconnected to an upper portion of said inner panel wall; a score line in said central panel which defines a tear panel, wherein said score line has a first substantially linear portion on a first side of said vertical axis and a second substantially linear portion on a second side of said vertical axis, wherein an upper portion of said tear panel is on a first side of said horizontal axis and a lower portion of said tear panel is on a second side of said horizontal axis, and wherein said tear panel comprises a rounded, substantially triangular shape with said upper portion having a width smaller than a width of said lower portion; a safety fold in said central panel positioned proximate at least a portion of said score line; and a ring pull tab having a nose end opposite a tail end, wherein a portion of said ring pull tab proximate said nose end is operably interconnected to said tear panel at an interconnection point positioned on said vertical axis between said center point and said perimeter of said central panel, wherein said interconnection point is positioned in only two of said four quadrants and is positioned proximate to said upper portion of said tear panel, wherein said ring pull tab is positioned in all four of said four quadrants; and wherein at least a portion of said tail end of said ring pull tab is positioned over an upper surface of said tear panel.

2. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said tear panel is completely detachable from said central panel.

3. The metallic end closure of claim 1, further comprising a first bead positioned proximate to said first substantially linear portion of said score line, said first bead including a substantially linear portion which is aligned substantially parallel to said first substantially linear portion of said score line.

4. The metallic end closure of claim 3, further comprising a second bead raised a height above said central panel and positioned proximate to said second substantially linear portion of said score line, said second bead including a substantially linear portion which is aligned substantially parallel to said second substantially linear portion of said score line, and wherein said central panel has increased rigidity.

5. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said upper portion of said tear panel is substantially the same distance from said perimeter of said central panel as said lower portion of said tear panel from said perimeter of said central panel.

6. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said safety fold is positioned above said portion of said score line.

7. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said tear panel defines a pour opening which comprises at least about 43.3% of a total surface area of the central panel.

8. The metallic end closure of claim 1, further comprising a third bead positioned on said vertical axis between said interconnection point and said center point of said central panel, wherein said third bead is raised a height above said central panel, and wherein said third bead has an ovular shape with its longitudinal axis positioned along said vertical axis.

9. The metallic end closure of claim 1, wherein said lower portion of said rounded, substantially triangular-shaped tear panel comprises a radius of curvature that is substantially the same as a radius of curvature of said perimeter of said central panel.

10. A metallic end closure with an enlarged detachable tear panel, comprising: a peripheral curl which is adapted for interconnection to a neck of a beverage container; a chuck wall extending downwardly from said peripheral curl; a central panel having a perimeter and a center point which is located at an intersection of a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, wherein said perimeter of said central panel is interconnected to said chuck wall; a score line in said central panel which defines the enlarged detachable tear panel, said score line having a first linear leg interconnected by a first radius of curvature to a second linear leg which is interconnected to a third leg by a second radius of curvature, said third leg is interconnected to said first linear leg by a third radius of curvature which is substantially the same as the second radius of curvature; a safety fold in said central panel, wherein said safety fold is positioned proximate at least a portion of said score line; a ring pull tab having a nose end and a tail end, wherein said ring pull tab is operably interconnected to said tear panel at an interconnection point positioned a distance away from said center point on said vertical axis and positioned between said center point and said perimeter of said central panel such that no portion of said interconnection point is on said center point; a first substantially linear bead raised a first height above said central panel and positioned substantially parallel to said first linear leg of said score line; and a second substantially linear bead raised a second height above said central panel and positioned substantially parallel to said second linear leg of said score line, and wherein said first bead and said second bead are positioned outside an outer perimeter of said ring pull tab.

11. The metallic end closure of claim 10, wherein said tail end of said ring pull tab is positioned over an upper surface of said tear panel.

12. The metallic end closure of claim 10, further comprising a third bead positioned on said vertical axis between said interconnection point and said center point of said central panel, wherein said third bead is raised a height above said central panel, and wherein said third bead has an ovular shape with its longitudinal axis positioned along said vertical axis.

13. The metallic end closure of claim 10, wherein said safety fold is positioned above said portion of said score line.

14. The metallic end closure of claim 10, wherein said tear panel comprises a rounded, triangular shape, wherein said interconnection point is positioned proximate to an upper portion of said rounded, triangular-shaped tear panel, and wherein a lower portion of said rounded, triangular-shaped tear panel comprises a fourth radius of curvature that is substantially the same as a radius of curvature of said perimeter of said central panel.

15. A method of manufacturing a metallic end closure adapted for interconnection to a neck of a container, comprising: providing a sheet metal material; cutting a blank from said sheet metal material; and forming said blank into said metallic end closure, wherein said metallic end closure comprises: a peripheral curl adapted for interconnection to said neck of said container; a chuck wall extending downwardly from said peripheral curl; a countersink interconnected to a lower end of said chuck wall; an inner panel wall extending upwardly from an interior portion of said countersink; a central panel having a perimeter and a center point which is located at an intersection of a vertical axis and a horizontal axis, wherein said vertical axis and said horizontal axis form four quadrants, wherein said perimeter of said central panel is interconnected to an upper portion of said inner panel wall; a score line in said central panel which defines a tear panel, wherein said score line has a first substantially linear portion on a first side of said vertical axis and a second substantially linear portion on a second side of said vertical axis, wherein an upper portion of said tear panel is on a first side of said horizontal axis and a lower portion of said tear panel is on a second side of said horizontal axis, and wherein said tear panel comprises a rounded, substantially triangular shape with said upper portion having a width smaller than a width of said lower portion; a safety fold in said central panel and positioned proximate at least a portion of said score line; and a ring pull tab having a nose end opposite a tail end, wherein said ring pull tab is operably interconnected to said tear panel at an interconnection point positioned on said vertical axis between said center point and said perimeter of said central panel, wherein said interconnection point is positioned in only two of said four quadrants and is positioned proximate to said upper portion of said rounded, substantially triangular-shaped tear panel, wherein said ring pull tab is positioned in all four of said four quadrants, and wherein at least a portion of said tail end of said ring pull tab is positioned over an upper surface of said tear panel.

16. The method of manufacturing a metallic end closure of claim 15, wherein said tear panel is completely detachable from said central panel.

17. The method of manufacturing a metallic end closure of claim 15, further comprising: forming a first bead positioned proximate to said first linear portion of said score line, wherein said first bead includes a linear portion which is substantially parallel to said first linear portion of said score line; and forming a second bead positioned proximate to said second linear portion of said score line, wherein said second bead includes a linear portion which is substantially parallel to said second linear portion of said score line, wherein said first bead and said second bead increase rigidity of said central panel.

18. The method of manufacturing a metallic end closure of claim 17, wherein said first bead has a length and a width, wherein said length of said first bead is longer than said width of said first bead, and wherein said first bead is raised above a substantially horizontal surface of said central panel a height of at least about 0.025 inches and 0.035 inches.

19. The method of manufacturing a metallic end closure of claim 17, further comprising forming a third bead positioned on said vertical axis between said interconnection point and said center point of said central panel.

20. The method of manufacturing a metallic end closure of claim 15, wherein said safety fold is positioned above said portion of said score line.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of the specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and together with the general description of the invention given above and the detailed description of the drawings given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.

(2) FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the public side of a prior art end closure;

(3) FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the public side of an end closure with a pull ring tab according to a first embodiment of the present invention;

(4) FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the public side of an end closure without a tab according to a second embodiment of the present invention;

(5) FIG. 4 shows the end closure of FIG. 3 with a pull ring tab;

(6) FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional elevation view of a traditional SOT end closure;

(7) FIG. 5B-B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure of FIG. 4 taken along a jagged cut line;

(8) FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure of FIG. 4 taken at line 5B-5B;

(9) FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure of FIG. 4 taken at line 5C-5C;

(10) FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the public side of an end closure without a tab according to a third embodiment of the present invention;

(11) FIG. 7 shows the end closure of FIG. 6 with a pull ring tab; and

(12) FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the safety fold.

(13) To assist in the understanding of the embodiments of the present invention the following list of components and associated numbering found in the drawings is provided herein: 2 End Closure 4 Central Panel 8 Hinge Line 12 Tab/Ring Pull 14 Tab Tail 16 Tab Nose 20 Chord 22 Tab Interconnection Point 24 Peripheral Curl 26 Chuck Wall 28 Countersink 30 Countersink Outer Panel Wall 32 Countersink Inner Panel Wall 34 Rivet 40 Score Line 42 Tear Panel/Pour Opening 44 Circumferential Bead 46 Wing-shaped Bead 48 Linear Bead 50 Bead 52 Tab Bead 54 First End Point of Safety Fold 56 Second End Point of Safety Fold 58 Center Point or Bottom-Most Point of Safety Fold 60 Safety Fold H1 Countersink Depth (Height Countersink to Curl) H2 Curl Height L1 Curl Diameter L2 Distance from Center Point to Rivet Center L3 Length of Top of Linear Bead L4 Length of Bottom of Linear Bead L5 Length of Tab Bead L6 Width of Linear Bead R1 First Radius of Curvature R2 Second Radius of Curvature R3 Third Radius of Curvature R4 Fourth Radius of Curvature

(14) It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and various dimensions may be altered. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the invention or that render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(15) Although the following text sets forth a detailed description of numerous different embodiments, it should be understood that the legal scope of the description is defined by the words of the claims set forth at the end of this disclosure. The detailed description is to be construed as exemplary only and does not describe every possible embodiment since describing every possible embodiment would be impractical, if not impossible. Numerous alternative embodiments could be implemented, using either current technology or technology developed after the filing date of this patent, which would still fall within the scope of the claims.

(16) FIGS. 1-7 show various embodiments of an end closure with a very large opening. In some embodiments, the end closure is a 202 B-64 very large opening end closure with a ring pull. In other embodiments, the end closure is a 206 B-64 very large opening end closure with a ring pull. In some embodiments, the end closure is made of an aluminum alloy. The end closure can resist buckling when the internal pressure of the contents is 620.5 KPA (90 PSI) or greater and may even resist buckling when the internal pressure of the contents is 634.3 KPA (92 PSI) or greater. Before seaming, between about 22 and 26 end closures may be stacked every 2 inches for shipping and throughout the manufacturing and filling processes.

(17) FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the public side of a prior art full panel opening end closure 2 with a ring pull according to one embodiment of the prior art. The end closure illustrated in FIG. 1 has a number of disadvantages. For example, while it does achieve a satisfactory pressure performance, its opening performance is not great primarily due to the short length of the chord 20 between the two points where the chord 9 intersects with the score 40. This is caused by the presence of a circumferential strengthening bead 44 between the nose portion 16 of the tab 12 and the score 40. The circumferential bead 44 tends to prevent an initial fracture of the score 40, induced when the tab 12 is raised, from propagating around the score 44 to a sufficient extent. A solution to this problem is to terminate the circumferential bead 44 on each side of the tab 12 to provide a break in the circumferential bead 44 in the region behind the tab 12. However, merely terminating the circumferential bead 44 results in an increased risk of peaking along the score line 40 in the region of the break in the circumferential bead 44. A further solution that has been proposed is to maintain the circumferential bead 44 as shown in FIG. 1 and introduce an additional pair of relatively short beads on either side of the rivet 34, see European Patent No. EP 1577222, which is incorporated by reference herein in its entirety. These beads project outwardly from the rivet region in a generally circumferential direction. The additional beads provide a fold line about which the closure tends to fold when the tab 12 is raised, counteracting the strengthening effect of the circumferential bead 44.

(18) FIG. 2 is a top plan view of the public side of an end closure 2 according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The end closure may include a central panel 4, a score line 40 defining a score panel (also called a tear panel herein) 42, and a tab or ring pull tab 12. In some embodiments, the tab 12 is interconnected by a rivet 34, which may be same material as central panel 4. The tab 12 can be a SOT or a ring pull tab in various embodiments. Thus, the tab 12 can be interconnected to the central panel 4 via a rivet for a SOT or the tab 12 can be interconnected to the tear panel 42 via a rivet for a ring pull tab. The rivet 34 is offset from center point of the central panel 4 and, in order to accommodate the size of the tab 12, the lift end of the tab 12 is positioned over the tear panel 42. Further, the nose of the tab 12 is positioned proximate to an upper portion of the tear panel 42, i.e., the portion of the tear panel 42 proximate to the 12 o'clock position. In some embodiments, the nose of the tab 12 extends beyond the tear panel 42. Having a rivet 34 offset from the center point of the central panel 4 allows the tear panel 42 to be larger than tear panels in traditional end closures. Additionally, the tear panel 42 shown has a rounded, triangular shape or a tear drop shape. The shape of the tear panel 42 accommodates one or more beads 48, 50. In the embodiment shown, the end closure 2 comprises two linear beads 48 approximately parallel to straight portions of the tear panel 42 and one bead 50 positioned at the top (12 o'clock) of the central panel 4. The two linear beads 48, and their location close to and parallel with a portion of the score 40, add rigidity to the central panel 4 to allow the score line 40 to tear open more easily by lowering the pop force needed to open the tear panel 42. Further, the linear beads 48 prevent the score line 40 from flexing rather than tearing. The linear beads 48 parallel to the straight portions of the tear panel 42 may also strengthen the end closure 2 in the region of the score 40, tending to prevent unintended fracturing of the score 40. In some embodiments, the beads 48 may follow a generally linear path in the region approaching the rivet 34 such that when the tab 12 is lifted away from the central panel 4, a fold in the central panel 4 is created along that generally linear path. Additionally, the exact location at which the bead (or beads) 48 terminates may depend upon a number of factors. Thus, the termination location may be slightly before or after a witness periphery or may coincide with the periphery.

(19) The beads 48, 50 can either be raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or lowered below the surface of the central panel 4. The end closure 2 can include any number of beads, 48, 50. Thus, the end closure 2 can have one linear bead 48, one linear bead and one bead 50, only one bead 50, two linear beads 48, two linear beads 48 and a bead 50, and so on. Furthermore, the shapes of the beads 48, 50 can vary depending on the embodiment and specific requirements of the end closure 2. For example, the linear beads 48 may be circular or square-shaped rather than a long oval shape as shown in FIG. 2. Further, the bead 50 can be shaped similar to the linear beads 48 or can be more circular or even square-shaped. Thus, the beads 48, 50 can be any shape or size depending on the specific embodiment.

(20) FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the public side of an end closure 2 shown without a pull ring tab according to a second embodiment of the present invention. The end closure 2 may include a central panel 4, a score line 40 defining a tear panel 42, one or more beads 48, 52, a countersink 28, and a peripheral curl 24. The tab is interconnected to the central panel 4 at a tab interconnection point 22. The tab interconnection point 22 is positioned along the vertical centerline (also called the vertical axis herein) of the end closure 2, but is not positioned on the horizontal centerline (also called the horizontal axis herein) of the end closure 2. In one embodiment, distance L2 of the tab interconnection point 22 from the center point of the central panel 4 is between about 12.06 mm (0.475 inches) and about 16.06 mm (0.632 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is between about 13.06 mm (0.514 inches) and about 15.06 mm (0.593 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is about 14.06 mm (0.5534 inches). Thus, the tab interconnection point 22 is offset from the center point of the central panel 4, which allows the tear panel 42 to be larger than tear panels in traditional end closures.

(21) The score line 40 may include a safety fold that begins proximate to point 54, the first end of the safety fold, and ends proximate to point 56, the second end of the safety fold. The safety fold extends from point 54 to point 56 and passes through point 58, the center point or bottom-most point of the safety fold.

(22) Additionally, the tear panel 42 shown has a rounded, triangular shape or a tear drop shape. The tear panel 42 has a vertical length extending along the vertical centerline of the end closure 2 of about 1.355 inches. Additionally, the tear panel 42 has two substantially linear sides (also called linear legs herein), one on either side of the vertical centerline, a curved bottom portion, and one or more radii of curvature R1, R2, R3, R4. The substantially linear sides have substantially the same length, which is about 0.917 inches. The first radius of curvature R1 of the tear panel 42 is proximate to the tab interconnection point 22, between the first substantially linear side and the second substantially linear side, and is between about 0.100 inches and about 0.200 inches. The second radius of curvature R2 is proximate to a lower left-hand portion of the tear panel 42, between the first substantially linear side and the curved bottom, and is between about 0.270 inches and about 0.310 inches. The third radius of curvature R3 is proximate to a lower center portion of the tear panel 42, between the second substantially linear side and the curved bottom, and is between about 1.00 inches and about 1.40 inches. Further, the third radius of curvature R3 is larger than the radius of curvature of the central panel 4 (i.e., the perimeter or peripheral edge of the central panel 4), which allows the tear panel 42 to be positioned farther from the central panel 4 perimeter or peripheral edge than other embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 2 and 6). Additionally, the second embodiment of the end closure 2 (FIG. 3) does not include a bead positioned proximate to the 12 o'clock position of the central panel 4, which allows the tab interconnection point 22 to be further from the center point of the end closure 2 than the first embodiment (FIG. 2). The fourth radius of curvature R4 is proximate to a lower right-hand portion of the tear panel 42 and is between about 0.270 inches and about 0.310 inches. In some embodiments, the second radius of curvature R2 and the fourth radius of curvature R4 are substantially the same. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the area of the opening (formed by the tear panel 42) is between about 35% and 45% of the total surface area of the central panel 4. In a preferred embodiment, the area of the opening is between about 40% and 42% of the total surface area of the central panel 4. In a more preferred embodiment, the area of the opening is about 41% of the total surface area of the central panel 4. Thus, in one embodiment, the pour opening may have an area between about 1.040 sq. in. and about 1.060 sq. in. In a preferred embodiment, the end closure may have a pour opening with an area of about 1.05036 sq. in.

(23) The shape of the tear panel 42 also accommodates one or more beads 48, 52 or forms. In the embodiment shown, the end closure 2 comprises two linear beads 48 approximately parallel to a portion of the tear panel 42, which can be a straight portion of the tear panel 42. The two linear beads 48, and their location close to and substantially parallel with a linear portion of the score 40, add rigidity to the central panel 4 to allow the score line 40 to tear open more easily by lowering the pop force needed to open the tear panel 4. Further, the linear beads 48 prevent the score line 40 from flexing rather than tearing. The linear beads 48 can also strengthen the end closure 2 in the region of the score 40, tending to prevent unintended fracturing of the score 40. In some embodiments, the beads 48 may follow a generally linear path in the region approaching the tab interconnection point 22 such that when the tab 12 is lifted away from the central panel 4, a fold in the central panel 4 is created along that generally linear path. Additionally, the exact location at which the bead (or beads) 48 terminates may depend upon a number of factors. Thus, the termination location may be slightly before or after a witness periphery or may coincide with the periphery.

(24) The end closure 2 may also comprise a bead 52, form, protuberance, or tamper indicator under the tab 12. In the embodiment shown, the end closure 4 comprises a tab bead 52 positioned between the tab interconnection point 22 and the center point of the end closure 2. In some embodiments, the bead 52 has an oval shape and is oriented with its long axis positioned radially from the center of the end closure 2. Thus, the bead 52 is positioned along the vertical axis of the end closure 2. In one embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.010 inches and about 0.050 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.023 inches (0.58 mm) and about 0.033 inches (0.83 mm). In more preferred embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.025 inches (0.63 mm) and about 0.031 inches (0.78 mm).

(25) The beads 48, 52 can either be raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or lowered below the surface of the central panel 4. The end closure 2 can include any number of beads, 48, 52. Thus, the end closure 2 can have one linear bead 48, one linear bead and one tab bead 52, only one tab bead 52, two linear beads 48, two linear beads 48 and a tab bead 52, and so on. Furthermore, the shapes of the beads 48, 52 can vary depending on the embodiment and specific requirements of the end closure 2. For example, the linear beads 48 may be circular or square-shaped rather than a long oval shape as shown in FIG. 3. Further, the tab bead 52 can be shaped similar to the linear beads 48 or can be more circular or even square-shaped. Thus, the beads 48, 52 can be any shape or size depending on the specific embodiment.

(26) In some embodiments, the bead 52, form, protuberance, or tamper indicator may elevate the pull ring of the tab 12 and provide a user with finger access to the pull ring. Thus, in one embodiment, the protuberance or form 52 may be flat before the end closure 2 is interconnected to the container body and the protuberance or form 52 may pop up after the end closure 2 is sealed onto the pressurized container. Thus, the protuberance or form 52 will not interfere with stacking and shipping, but it will assist the user in opening the end closure 2. The form or bead 52 under the tab 12 may additionally add rigidity to the tear panel 42 and lower the pop force needed to open the tear panel 42. The form or bead 52 may be positioned above the center point of the central panel 4 and below the rivet or the tab interconnection point 22. In addition to the bead 52 or as an alternative to the bead 52, the end closure 2 may include a finger access panel under the tab 12.

(27) In some embodiments, a tamper indicator may be provided on the end closure 2. Thus, if the end closure 2 is used with containers for food, the bead 52 or protuberance may be pulled inwardly after filling and cooling when a vacuum is created in the container. If the container is compromised during shipping or handling, the bead 52 acts as a tamper indicator and will be raised upwardly, indicating that the container is no longer in a vacuum. The tamper indicator could be positioned anywhere on the end closure 2 and could be positioned under the tab 12 to raise the tab 12 as a further indicator to the consumer. As previously mentioned, the tamper indicator pops up if the container has been opened or some pressure has been released. This is especially important in vacuum packed products such as infant formula and nutraceuticals.

(28) FIG. 4 shows the end closure according to the second embodiment with a pull ring tab 12. The pull ring tab 12 has a tab tail (or lift end) 14 and a nose 16 opposite the tail 14. The pull ring tab 12 can be interconnected to the tear panel 42 and be completely detachable with the tear panel 42, i.e., it is not a SOT. In one embodiment, the pull ring tab 12 is interconnected to the tear panel 42 by a rivet 34, which may be the same material as the central panel 4. In other embodiments, the tab 12 is interconnected to the central panel 4 via a rivet for a SOT. In some embodiments, the rivet 34 is positioned along a vertical axis of the end closure 2 and is offset from center point of the central panel 4. Additionally, the lift end of the tab 12 is positioned over the tear panel 42 in order to accommodate the size of the tab 12 and such that the tab 12 fits within the perimeter (i.e., the peripheral edge) of the central panel 4. Further, the nose of the tab 12 is positioned proximate to an upper portion of the tear panel 42, i.e., the portion of the tear panel 42 proximate to the 12 o'clock position. In some embodiments, the nose of the tab 12 extends beyond the tear panel 42. FIG. 4 also shows a tab bead 52 positioned on the vertical centerline of the end closure 2.

(29) In an alternate embodiment, FIG. 4 may be an end closure with an offset rivet and a SOT. Thus, the tear panel may not completely tear off and may instead bend at a hinge line 8 shown in FIG. 4. In the SOT embodiment, the tail end 14 of the pull tab 12 is positioned above the tear panel 42 and the hinge 8 on the tear panel 42 is positioned at the bottom (6 o'clock position) of the opening. Accordingly, a user may open the container by pulling the tab 12 upwardly and away from the user until the tab 12 is in a vertical position, then pull the tab 12 back toward the user and push the tab 12 and tear panel 42 into the container, bending the tear panel 42 at the hinge 8.

(30) FIG. 5A shows a cross-sectional view of a traditional end closure with a SOT. The end closure comprises a tab 12 interconnected to the central panel 4 via a rivet 34 positioned at approximately the center of the central panel 4. The end closure further comprises a peripheral curl 24, a chuck wall 26, and a countersink 28 having an inner panel wall 32 and an outer panel wall 30.

(31) FIG. 5B-B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure 2 of FIG. 4 taken at the jagged cut line SB-B-SB-B (the cut line is the solid line shown on FIG. 4). The end closure comprises a peripheral curl 24 interconnected on a lower end to a chuck wall 26, which is interconnected on a lower end to an outer panel wall 30 of the counter sink 28. The counter sink 28 also includes an inner panel wall 32, which is interconnected on an upper end to the central panel 4. In one embodiment, the curl height H2 is between about 1.53 mm (0.060 inches) and about 2.53 mm (0.100 inch). In a preferred embodiment, the curl height H2 is between about 1.90 mm (0.075 inches) and about 2.16 mm (0.085 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the curl height H2 is about 2.03 mm (0.080 inches). In one embodiment, the countersink depth H1 (i.e., the height from the countersink 28 to the top of the peripheral curl 24) is between about 6.36 mm (0.250 inches) and about 7.36 mm (0.290 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the countersink depth H1 is between about 6.73 mm (0.265 inches) and about 6.99 mm (0.275 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the countersink depth H1 is about 6.86 mm (0.270 inches).

(32) The central panel 4 comprises a score line 40 defining a tear panel 42, a tab 12 interconnected to the central panel 4 via a rivet 34, and a linear bead 48. The tab 12 has a tail end 14 positioned over the tear panel and has a nose end 16 positioned opposite the tail end 14. The score 40 can have a score residual between about 0.0024 inches and about 0.0075 inches in one embodiment. In a preferred embodiment, the score 40 has a score residual between about 0.0034 inches and about 0.0065 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the score 40 has a score residual between about 0.0044 inches and about 0.0055 inches. The rivet 34 is positioned a distance L2 from the center point of the central panel 4. In one embodiment, distance L2 of the rivet 34 from the center point of the central panel 4 is between about 12.06 mm (0.475 inches) and about 16.06 mm (0.632 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is between about 13.06 mm (0.514 inches) and about 15.06 mm (0.593 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is about 14.06 mm (0.5534 inches).

(33) The central panel 4 can also include a safety fold 60 positioned along a portion of the score 40. The safety fold 60 is a fold in the central panel material such that there is material above the score 40. This material above the score is folded or curved to avoid a sharp edge after the tear panel 42 is removed and to limit the chances a user will cut himself/herself on the score 40 after the tear panel 42 is removed.

(34) In one embodiment, the curl diameter L1 is between approximately 58.44 mm (2.300 inches) and approximately 60.44 mm (2.380 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the curl diameter L1 is between approximately 59.19 mm (2.330 inches) and approximately 59.69 mm (2.350 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the curl diameter L1 is approximately 59.44 mm (2.340 inches). In another embodiment, the curl diameter L1 is between approximately 63.77 mm (2.510 inches) and approximately 65.77 mm (2.590 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the curl diameter L1 is between approximately 64.516 mm (2.540 inches) and approximately 65.024 mm (2.560 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the curl diameter L1 is approximately 64.77 mm (2.550 inches).

(35) Additionally, at least one linear bead 48 is shown in FIG. 5B-B. The linear beads 48 can be either raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or the linear beads 48 can be lowered below the surface of the central panel 4. In one embodiment, the linear bead 48 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or is lowered below the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.010 inches and 0.050 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the linear bead 48 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or is lowered below the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.025 inches (0.63 mm) and 0.035 inches (0.89 mm). The linear beads 48 can vary in length depending on the requirements of the end closure. The length of the top of the linear bead 48 is indicated by L3, i.e., the length of the substantially flat upper surface of the linear bead 48 and is measured from the center of the radius of curvature on one end to the center of the radius of curvature on the other end. The length of the bottom of the linear bead 48 is indicated by L4, as measured from where the linear bead 48 interconnects to the central panel 4. In one embodiment, the length L3 of the linear bead 48 is between about 0.450 inches and about 0.690 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the length L3 of the linear bead 48 is between about 0.550 inches and about 0.590 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the length L3 of the linear bead 48 is about 0.5693 inches.

(36) FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure 2 of FIG. 4 taken at a line 5B-5B. The end closure comprises a peripheral curl 24 interconnected on a lower end to a chuck wall 26, which is interconnected on a lower end to an outer panel wall 30 of the counter sink 28. The counter sink 28 also includes an inner panel wall 32, which is interconnected on an upper end to the central panel 4. In one embodiment, the curl height H2 is between about 1.53 mm (0.060 inches) and about 2.53 mm (0.100 inch). In a preferred embodiment, the curl height H2 is between about 1.90 mm (0.075 inches) and about 2.16 mm (0.085 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the curl height H2 is about 2.03 mm (0.080 inches). In one embodiment, the countersink depth H1 (i.e., the height from the countersink 28 to the top of the peripheral curl 24) is between about 6.36 mm (0.250 inches) and about 7.36 mm (0.290 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the countersink depth H1 is between about 6.73 mm (0.265 inches) and about 6.99 mm (0.275 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the countersink depth H1 is about 6.86 mm (0.270 inches).

(37) The central panel 4 comprises a score line 40 defining a tear panel 42, a tab 12 interconnected to the central panel 4 via a rivet 34, and a bead 52. The tab 12 has a tail end 14 positioned over the tear panel and has a nose end 16 positioned opposite the tail end 14. The score 40 can have a score residual between about 0.0024 inches and about 0.0075 inches in one embodiment. In a preferred embodiment, the score 40 has a score residual between about 0.0034 inches and about 0.0065 inches. In a more preferred embodiment, the score 40 has a score residual between about 0.0044 inches and about 0.0055 inches. The rivet 34 is positioned a distance L2 from the center point of the central panel 4. In one embodiment, distance L2 of the rivet 34 from the center point of the central panel 4 is between about 12.06 mm (0.475 inches) and about 16.06 mm (0.632 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is between about 13.06 mm (0.514 inches) and about 15.06 mm (0.593 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is about 14.06 mm (0.5534 inches).

(38) The score 40 can also include a safety fold 60 positioned along a portion of the score 40. The safety fold 60 shown in FIG. 5B is positioned at point 58, the center point of the safety fold. The location of point 58 is shown in FIG. 4, the top plan view. Note that the tear panel 42 is positioned below the central panel 4 to accommodate the safety fold 60, which is a fold in the central panel 4 and protects the sharp edge from the score 40 after the tear panel 42 is removed.

(39) The bead 52 is positioned along the vertical centerline of the end closure 2. In one embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.010 inches and about 0.050 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between 0.023 inches (0.58 mm) and about 0.033 inches (0.83 mm). In more preferred embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.025 inches (0.63 mm) and about 0.031 inches (0.78 mm). The length L5 of the tab bead 52 can vary depending on the various embodiment. In one embodiment, the length of the tab bead 52 is between about 0.100 inches and about 0.150 inches.

(40) FIG. 5C is a cross-sectional elevation view of the end closure 2 of FIG. 4 taken at line 5C-5C. The end closure 2 comprises a central panel 4 with a tab 12 and two linear beads 48. The linear beads 48 can be either raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or the linear beads 48 can be lowered below the surface of the central panel 4. In one embodiment, the linear bead 48 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or is lowered below the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.010 inches and 0.050 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the linear bead 48 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or is lowered below the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.025 inches (0.63 mm) and 0.035 inches (0.89 mm). Additionally, the linear beads 48 can vary in width L6. In one embodiment, the width L6 of the linear beads 48 is between about 0.055 inches and about 0.070 inches.

(41) The central panel 4 can also include a safety fold 60 positioned along a portion of the score 40. The safety fold 60 is a fold in the central panel material such that there is material above the score 40. Here, the tear panel 42 is positioned below the central panel 4 to accommodate the safety fold 60, which protects the sharp edge from the score 4 after the tear panel 42 is removed. The safety folds 60 shown in FIG. 5C are positioned at points 54 and 56, the first and second end points of the safety fold respectively.

(42) FIG. 6 is a top plan view of the public side of an end closure 2 shown without a pull ring tab according to a third embodiment of the present invention. The end closure 2 may include a central panel 4, a score line 40 defining a tear panel 42, one or more beads 48, 52, a countersink 28, and a peripheral curl 24. The tab (not shown) is interconnected to the central panel 4 at a tab interconnection point 22. The tab interconnection point 22 is positioned along the vertical axis of the end closure 2, but is not positioned on the horizontal axis of the end closure 2. In one embodiment, distance L2 of the tab interconnection point 22 from the center point of the central panel 4 is between about 12.06 mm (0.475 inches) and about 16.06 mm (0.632 inches). In a preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is between about 13.06 mm (0.514 inches) and about 15.06 mm (0.593 inches). In a more preferred embodiment, the distance L2 is about 14.06 mm (0.5534 inches). Thus, the tab interconnection point 22 is offset from the center point of the central panel 4, which allows the tear panel 42 to be larger than tear panels in traditional end closures.

(43) Additionally, the tear panel 42 shown has a rounded, triangular shape or a tear drop shape. The tear panel 42 has a vertical length extending along the vertical centerline of the end closure 2 about 1.425 inches. Additionally, the tear panel 42 has two substantially linear sides (or linear legs), one on either side of the vertical centerline, a curved bottom portion, and one or more radii of curvature R1, R2, R3, R4. The substantially linear sides have substantially the same length, which is about 0.917 inches. The first radius of curvature R1 of the tear panel 42 is proximate to the tab interconnection point 22, between the first substantially linear side and the second substantially linear side, and is between about 0.100 inches and about 0.160 inches. The second radius of curvature R2 is proximate to a lower left-hand portion of the tear panel 42 and is between about 0.250 inches and about 0.310 inches. The third radius of curvature R3 is proximate to a lower center portion of the tear panel 42 and is between about 0.650 inches and about 0.850 inches. Further, the third radius of curvature R3 is substantially the same as the radius of curvature of the central panel 4 (i.e., the perimeter or peripheral edge of the central panel 4), which allows the tear panel 42 to be larger than other embodiments (e.g., FIGS. 2 and 3). Thus, the lower portion of the tear panel 42 is substantially parallel to the perimeter of the central panel 4. Additionally, the third embodiment of the end closure 2 (FIG. 6) does not include a bead positioned proximate to the 12 o'clock position of the central panel 4 (i.e., between the tab interconnection point 22 and the perimeter of the central panel 4 at the 12 o'clock position), which allows the tab interconnection point 22 to be further from the center point of the end closure 2 than the first embodiment of the end closure (FIG. 2). The fourth radius of curvature R4 is proximate to a lower right-hand portion of the tear panel 42 and is between about 0.250 inches and about 0.310 inches. In some embodiments, the second radius of curvature R2 and the fourth radius of curvature R4 are substantially the same. Furthermore, in this embodiment, the area of the opening (formed by the tear panel 42) is between about 38% and 48% of the total surface area of the central panel 4. In a preferred embodiment, the area of the opening is between about 42% and 44% of the total surface area of the central panel 4. In a more preferred embodiment, the area of the opening is about 43.3% of the total surface area of the central panel 4. Thus, in one embodiment, the pour opening may have an area between about 0.960 sq. in. and about 1.225 sq. in. In a preferred embodiment, the pour opening may have an area between about 1.000 sq. in. and about 1.185 sq. in. In a preferred embodiment, the end closure may have a pour opening with an area of about 1.093 sq. in.

(44) The central panel 4 may include a safety fold that begins proximate to point 54, the first end of the safety fold, and ends proximate to point 56, the second end of the safety fold. The safety fold extends from point 54 to point 56 and passes through point 58, the center point or bottom-most point of the safety fold.

(45) The shape of the tear panel 42 also accommodates one or more beads 48, 52 or forms. In the embodiment shown, the end closure 2 comprises two linear beads 48 approximately parallel to a portion of the tear panel 42, which can be a straight portion of the tear panel 42. The two linear beads 48, and their location close to and substantially parallel with a linear portion of the score 40, add rigidity to the central panel 4 to allow the score line 40 to tear open more easily by lowering the pop force needed to open the tear panel 4. Further, the linear beads 48 prevent the score line 40 from flexing rather than tearing. The linear beads 48 can also strengthen the end closure 2 in the region of the score 40, tending to prevent unintended fracturing of the score 40. In some embodiments, the beads 48 may follow a generally linear path in the region approaching the tab interconnection point 22 such that when the tab 12 is lifted away from the central panel 4, a fold in the central panel 4 is created along that generally linear path. Additionally, the exact location at which the bead (or beads) 48 terminates may depend upon a number of factors. Thus, the termination location may be slightly before or after a witness periphery or may coincide with the periphery.

(46) The end closure 2 may also comprise a bead 52, form, protuberance, or tamper indicator under the tab 12. In the embodiment shown, the end closure 4 comprises a tab bead 52 positioned between the tab interconnection point 22 and the center point of the end closure 2. In some embodiments, the bead 52 has an oval shape and is oriented with its long axis positioned radially from the center of the end closure 2. Thus, the bead 52 is positioned along the vertical centerline of the end closure 2. In one embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.010 inches and about 0.050 inches. In a preferred embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between 0.023 inches (0.58 mm) and about 0.033 inches (0.83 mm). In more preferred embodiment, the tab bead 52 is raised above the surface of the central panel 4 a height between about 0.025 inches (0.63 mm) and about 0.031 inches (0.78 mm).

(47) The beads 48, 52 can either be raised above the surface of the central panel 4 or lowered below the surface of the central panel 4. The end closure 2 can include any number of beads, 48, 52. Thus, the end closure 2 can have one linear bead 48, one linear bead and one tab bead 52, only one tab bead 52, two linear beads 48, two linear beads 48 and a tab bead 52, and so on. Furthermore, the shapes of the beads 48, 52 can vary depending on the embodiment and specific requirements of the end closure 2. For example, the linear beads 48 may be circular or square-shaped rather than a long oval shape as shown in FIG. 6. Further, the tab bead 52 can be shaped similar to the linear beads 48 or can be more circular or even square-shaped. Thus, the beads 48, 52 can be any shape or size depending on the specific embodiment.

(48) In some embodiments, the bead 52, form, protuberance, or tamper indicator may elevate the pull ring of the tab 12 and provide a user with finger access to the pull ring. Thus, in one embodiment, the protuberance or form 52 may be flat before the end closure 2 is interconnected to the container body and the protuberance or form 52 may pop up after the end closure 2 is sealed onto the pressurized container. Thus, the protuberance or form 52 will not interfere with stacking and shipping, but it will assist the user in opening the end closure 2. The form or bead 52 under the tab 12 may additionally add rigidity to the tear panel 42 and lower the pop force needed to open the tear panel 42. The form or bead 52 may be positioned above the center point of the central panel 4 and below the rivet or the tab interconnection point 22. In addition to the bead 52 or as an alternative to the bead 52, the end closure 2 may include a finger access panel under the tab 12.

(49) In some embodiments, a tamper indicator may be provided on the end closure 2. Thus, if the end closure 2 is used with containers for food, the bead 52 or protuberance may be pulled inwardly after filling and cooling when a vacuum is created in the container. If the container is compromised during shipping or handling, the bead 52 acts as a tamper indicator and will be raised upwardly, indicating that the container is no longer in a vacuum. The tamper indicator could be positioned anywhere on the end closure 2 and could be positioned under the tab 12 to raise the tab 12 as a further indicator to the consumer. As previously mentioned, the tamper indicator pops up if the container has been opened or some pressure has been released. This is especially important in vacuum packed products such as infant formula and nutraceuticals.

(50) FIG. 7 shows the end closure according to the third embodiment with a pull ring tab 12. The pull ring tab 12 has a tab tail (or lift end) 14 and a nose 16 opposite the tail 14. The pull ring tab 12 can be interconnected to the tear panel 42 and be completely detachable with the tear panel 42, i.e., it is not a SOT. In one embodiment, the pull ring tab 12 is interconnected to the tear panel 42 by a rivet 34, which may be the same material as the central panel 4. In other embodiments, the tab 12 is interconnected to the central panel 4 via a rivet for a SOT. In some embodiments, the rivet 34 is positioned along a vertical centerline of the end closure 2 and is offset from center point of the central panel 4. Additionally, the lift end of the tab 12 is positioned over the tear panel 42 in order to accommodate the size of the tab 12 and such that the tab 12 fits within the perimeter of the central panel 4. Further, the nose of the tab 12 is positioned proximate to an upper portion of the tear panel 42, i.e., the portion of the tear panel 42 proximate to the 12 o'clock position. In some embodiments, the nose of the tab 12 extends beyond the tear panel 42.

(51) In an alternate embodiment (not shown), FIG. 7 may be an end closure with an offset rivet and a SOT. Thus, the tear panel may not completely tear off and may instead bend at a hinge line positioned at the bottom (6 o'clock position) of the tear panel 42. In the SOT embodiment, the tail end 14 of the pull tab 12 is positioned above the tear panel 42 and the hinge on the tear panel 42 is positioned at the bottom (6 o'clock position) of the opening. Accordingly, a user may open the container by pulling the tab 12 upwardly and away from the user until the tab 12 is in a vertical position, then pull the tab 12 back toward the user and push the tab 12 and tear panel 42 into the container, bending the tear panel 42 at the hinge.

(52) FIG. 8 is a cross section of the safety fold 60. As shown, the tear panel 42 is positioned below the central panel 4. However, the opposite could also be true where the tear panel 42 is positioned above the central panel 4. The score 40 is positioned below both the central panel 4 and the safety fold 60 and the score 40 is positioned in line with the tear panel 42 such that when the score 40 is fractured and the tear panel 42 is removed, the rough edge of the fractured score 40 is positioned below a smooth, curved edge of the central panel 4. The smooth, curved edge is often the edge in contact with the user's mouth and by having a smooth, curved edge, the user is less likely to cut his/her mouth on the fractured score 40.

(53) It should be understood that in some embodiments the end closure does not have a countersink. In additional or alternative embodiments, the end closure may not have a peripheral curl. Further, the end closure can have a variety of geometries, as appreciated by one skilled in the art.

(54) It should be understood that the drawings are not necessarily to scale, and various dimensions may be altered. In certain instances, details that are not necessary for an understanding of the invention or that render other details difficult to perceive may have been omitted. It should be understood, of course, that the invention is not necessarily limited to the particular embodiments illustrated herein.

(55) While various embodiments of the present invention have been described in detail, it is apparent that modifications and alterations of those embodiments will occur to those skilled in the art. However, it is to be expressly understood that such modifications and alterations are within the scope and spirit of the present invention, as set forth in the following claims. Further, the invention(s) described herein is capable of other embodiments and of being practiced or of being carried out in various ways. It is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology used herein is for the purpose of description and should not be regarded as limiting.