Mouthpiece for extruding a molding compound into a formed body, and method for producing a mouthpiece of this type

Abstract

A mouthpiece (10) for extruding a molding compound into a formed body which has internal channels, comprises: a mouthpiece frame (14) with a frame opening (16); a first core retaining plate (22) which is fastened in the area of an upstream end of the frame opening (16) when viewed in the flow direction (15) of the molding compound; and a plurality of longitudinal cores (28) which are axially and laterally held by an upstream end section (26) on the first core retaining plate (22). It is proposed that, furthermore, it comprises a second core retaining plate (36) which is loosely arranged downstream of the first core retaining plate (22) relative to the mouthpiece frame (14) in the flow direction (15), and in which the areas (32) of the cores (28) farther from the upstream end section (26) are arranged to be radially fixed but axially loose.

Claims

1. An extrusion mouthpiece, comprising: a mouthpiece frame; a first plate; a second plate; and a plurality of cores, wherein: the mouthpiece frame is between the first and second plates; the first plate is fastened to an upstream end of an opening of the mouthpiece frame; each core has an upstream end and a downstream end opposite its upstream end; the upstream end of each core is rigidly connected to the first plate; the downstream end of each core is removably held by the second plate; and the second plate is configured to be axially movable relative to the first plate, the mouth piece, and the plurality of cores by extrusion material during extrusion.

2. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 1, wherein the first plate comprises a plurality of first core receiving openings, and each first core receiving opening is surrounded by a plurality of molding compound passage openings.

3. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 2, wherein each molding compound passage opening has a tapered shape in a flow direction of the molding compound.

4. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 2, wherein: the first plate has an edge; the plurality of molding compound passage openings in the first plate comprises a first group of molding compound passage openings and a second group of molding compound passage openings; the molding compound passage openings of the first group are closer to the edge of the first plate than are the molding compound passage openings of the second group; and for at least some of the molding compound passage openings of the first group, a cross-section of the molding compound passage openings of the first group is smaller than a cross-section of the molding compound passage openings of the second group.

5. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 2, wherein the core receiving openings and molding compound passage openings are regularly distributed on the first plate within a section defining a circular segment shape configured to produce an extruded formed body having a circular segment cross-sectional shape.

6. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 2, wherein the core receiving openings and molding compound passage openings are regularly distributed on the first plate within a section defining a trapezoidal shape configured to produce an extruded formed body having a trapezoidal cross-sectional shape.

7. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 2, wherein the core receiving openings and molding compound passage openings are regularly distributed on the first plate within a section defining a rectangular shape configured to produce an extruded formed body having a rectangular cross-sectional shape.

8. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 1, wherein the second plate comprises a plurality of second core receiving openings, and the downstream end of each core is received within a corresponding second core receiving opening.

9. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 1, further comprising a glue rigidly connecting the upstream end of each core to the first plate.

10. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 1, wherein: the second plate comprises a flange section and an introduction section; the flange section extends transversely to an extrusion flow direction and adjoins the mouthpiece frame on an outside downstream face of the mouthpiece frame; and the introduction section is received in the mouthpiece frame opening at its downstream end.

11. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 1, wherein the upstream end of the frame opening comprises a step defining a receiving section in which at least a portion of the first plate is received in a flush countersink configuration.

12. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 1, wherein at least a section of each core has a conical shape such that a cross-sectional area of the section increases from the upstream end to the downstream end.

13. The extrusion mouthpiece of claim 12, wherein the cores have a cross sectional shape selected from the group consisting of round, polygonal, triangular, quadrangular, pentagonal, hexagonal, square, flat rectangular, and trapezoidal.

14. A method of extruding a formed body, the method comprising: conveying a molding compound in a flow direction through a plurality of molding compound passage openings of a first core retaining plate attached to a mouthpiece frame, the molding compound surrounding a plurality of cores connected to the first core retaining plate as the molding compound flows towards a second core retaining plate, the molding compound forming a formed body with internal channels defined by the cores; moving the second core retaining plate in the flow direction with the formed body until the second core retaining plate is removed from downstream ends of the cores; removing the second plate; and continuing to convey the molding compound.

15. The method of claim 14, further comprising: cleaning the second core retaining plate; and re-using the second core retaining plate for a subsequent extrusion.

16. The method of claim 14, further comprising, prior to conveying a molding compound: securing the first core retaining plate onto an upstream end of the mouthpiece frame; and removably positioning the second core retaining plate on downstream ends of the cores and a downstream end of the mouthpiece frame.

17. The method of claim 14, further comprising, prior to conveying a molding compound, rigidly connecting an upstream end of each of the cores to a corresponding core-receiving opening of the first core retaining plate.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein rigidly connecting comprises gluing.

19. The method of claim 17, further comprising, prior to rigidly connecting the cores to the first core-retaining plate, introducing downstream ends of the cores into second core receiving openings of the second core retaining plate.

20. The method of claim 14, further comprising: forming a plurality of formed flat membrane bodies; and arranging the flat membrane bodies in a tubular housing, wherein: the molding compound comprises a ceramic material; and each flat membrane body has a shape selected from the group consisting of circular-segment, trapezoidal, and rectangular.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Below, an embodiment of the invention is explained m reference to the appended drawing. In the drawing:

(2) FIG. 1 shows an exploded perspective representation of a mouthpiece with a mouthpiece frame, a first core retaining plate, a second core retaining plate, and a plurality of cores;

(3) FIG. 2 shows an enlarged top view onto the first core retaining plate of FIG. 1;

(4) FIG. 3 shows a section through the mouthpiece of FIG. 1 at a first time point during an extrusion process;

(5) FIG. 4 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2 at a second time point during the extrusion process;

(6) FIG. 5 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2 at a third time point during the extrusion process;

(7) FIG. 6 shows a representation similar to FIG. 2 at a fourth time point during the extrusion process;

(8) FIGS. 7-12 show perspective diagrammatic representations of different embodiments of cores; and

(9) FIGS. 13-17 show perspective diagrammatic representations of arrangements of cores on the first core retaining plate.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(10) Here, it is pointed out that not all the reference numerals are recorded in all the figures in order to simplify the view.

(11) In FIG. 1, a mouthpiece overall bears reference numeral 10. It is used for fastening on an extrusion device, which is not represented. As represented in detail further below, the mouthpiece 10 is used for extruding a molding compound into a formed body which has internal channels. The flow direction of the molding compound during the extrusion process is shown in the figures with an arrow 15.

(12) The fastening of the mouthpiece 10 on the extrusion device occurs by means of screws which are screwed into holes 12 in a mouthpiece frame 14 of the mouthpiece 10. The mouthpiece frame 14 has an elongate, flat frame opening 16 which, during the extrusion process, forms a channel for forming the formed body. At the upstream end thereof when viewed in the direction of the arrows 15, the mouthpiece frame opening in turn has a step 18, by means of which a receiving section 20 is defined, in which a first core retaining plate 22 of the mouthpiece 10 is received.

(13) As can be seen particularly in FIG. 2, the first core retaining plate 22 has a plurality of first holding sections 24 which in the case at hand are formed as first core receiving openings. Into the first core receiving openings 24, the upstream cylindrical end sections 26 of rod-shaped cores 28 are inserted and rigidly connected by gluing to the first core retaining plate 22 and thus to that extent are held axially and radially rigidly on the first core retaining plate 22.

(14) As can also be seen particularly from FIG. 2, several molding compound passage openings 30 are arranged around a core receiving opening 24. Here, the molding compound passage openings 30 which are adjacent to an edge 31 of the mouthpiece frame 14 have a smaller diameter and thus a smaller cross-sectional area than the molding compound passage openings 30 which are not adjacent to the edge 31 of the mouthpiece frame 14 but rather are arranged farther from said edge.

(15) While not apparent from the drawing, the design in fact is such that the molding compound passage openings 30 have a tapering opening cross section when viewed in flow direction 15 of the molding compound.

(16) From FIG. 1 it is moreover apparent that the cores 28 have three different diameter sections when viewed in the longitudinal direction of the cores. The cores have, on the one hand, the upstream end section 26 already mentioned above, which is cylindrical with a relatively small diameter, and, on the other hand, a downstream end section 32, which is also cylindrical and has a relatively large diameter, and, arranged between these two sections 26 and 32, a conical transition section 34 along which the cross-sectional area of a core 28 increases when viewed in flow direction 15 of the molding compound.

(17) As can be seen from FIGS. 1 and 2, the first core retaining plate 22 has a plurality of core receiving openings 24, and accordingly the mouthpiece 10 has a plurality of cores 28.

(18) It is easy to see in FIG. 1 that the first core retaining plate 22 has an outer shape and thickness complementary to the inner shape of the receiving section 20 of the frame opening 16, so that the first core retaining plate 22 can be introduced into the receiving section 20 of the frame opening 16, where it is arranged flush with the front surface of the mouthpiece frame 14, on the right in FIG. 1. To that extent, the first core retaining plate 22 is arranged at an upstream end of the frame opening 16.

(19) At a downstream end of the frame opening 16, a second core retaining plate 36 is present. As can be seen both from FIG. 1 and also from FIGS. 3 to 6, the second core retaining plate 36 has a flange section 38 which extends transversely to the flow direction 15 and, in the installed position, adjoins the mouthpiece frame 14 on the outside. Furthermore, the second core retaining plate 36 has an introduction section 40 which is complementary to the frame opening 16 and which, in the installed position, is introduced into the frame opening 16. The introduction section 40 is dimensioned, compared to the frame opening 16, so that the second core retaining plate 36, in the installed position, is received in the frame opening 16 with a certain play and to that extent is arranged loosely relative to the mouthpiece frame 14.

(20) In the second core retaining plate 36, a plurality of second core receiving openings 42 is present. These second core receiving openings are arranged in the second core retaining plate 36 so that, in the installed position, they are aligned precisely with the first core receiving openings 20 in the first core retaining plate 22. The second core receiving openings 42 are dimensioned, relative to the downstream end sections 32 of the cores 28, so that the downstream end sections 32 of the cores 28 farther from the upstream end sections 26 are received in these second core sections 32 of the cores 28 are indeed radially fixed but axially arrange loosely in the second core retaining plate 36.

(21) Thus, both the upstream end sections 26 and also the downstream end sections 32 of the cores 28 are radially fixed. Since, due to gluing in the first core retaining plate 22, the cores 28 are also axially fixed, they are overall held immovably in the mouthpiece frame 14, at least when the second core retaining plate 36 is inserted.

(22) In order to be able to glue the cores 28 in the first core retaining plate 22, they are first inserted into the first core receiving openings 24 in the first core retaining plate 22, and the mouthpiece 10 consisting of mouthpiece frame 14, first core retaining plate 22, cores 28 and second core retaining plate 36 is assembled. It is only then that the upstream end sections 26 are glued.

(23) In reference to FIGS. 3 to 6, a typical extrusion process will now be described, which uses the mouthpiece 10 shown in FIGS. 1 and 2: first, via the extrusion device, a molding compound 44 (for example, a ceramic material) is conveyed in flow direction 15 against the mouthpiece 10. Through the conical molding compound passage openings 30, it enters the first core retaining plate 22 and exits again therefrom in the interior of the frame opening 16 in the mouthpiece frame (14) (FIG. 3). In FIG. 3, one can see that, due to the bridges (without reference numerals) present between the molding compound passage openings 30 of the first core retaining plate 22, the molding compound 44 is still divided immediately after the exit from the first core retaining plate 22, since gaps 46 are present.

(24) In FIG. 4, one can see that, in the course of the extrusion process, the molding compound 44 is driven farther into the frame opening 16 of the mouthpiece frame 14. One can see that, during the further course of the path distance through the frame opening 16, the gaps 46, which are still present on the first path distance through the frame opening 16, close and thus are no longer present. Thus, now a single-piece formed body 48 has formed.

(25) In FIG. 5, one can see how, during the course of the further advance through the frame opening 16, the end of the formed body 48, which is on the left in FIG. 5, reaches the second core retaining plate 36. In spite of the high pressure that the molding compound 44 of the formed body 48 exerts in radial direction onto the cores 28, said cores remain in the fixed position thereof due to the fixing thereof.

(26) By means of the extrusion process, the molding compound 44 is moved further through the frame opening 16. The second core holding plate 36, which is only loosely inserted into the frame opening 16 and placed loosely onto the downstream end sections 32 of the cores 28, is now pushed away from the cores 28 and from the mouthpiece frame 14 by the molding end sections 32 of the cores 28 are in fact now no longer held radially. But this is also no longer necessary in this phase of the extrusion process.

(27) As described, single-piece gap-free formed bodies 48 can be produced, which have internal channels (reference numeral 50 in FIG. 6), since the molding compound 44 can flow undisturbed and unimpeded over the entire path distance from the outlet from the first core retaining plate 22 to the downstream end of the frame opening 16. Such a formed body can be used, for example, for producing a so-called filter membrane which is used for filtering fluids.

(28) FIGS. 7-12 show different embodiments of cores 28. Here, in FIG. 7, a core 28 with circular cross section is represented, as used in the mouthpiece 10 of FIGS. 1-6. Figure shows a core 28 with a hexagonal, that is to say a hexangular cross section, as could be used in the device 10 of FIGS. 1-6. A core 28 with square cross section, corresponding to FIG. 9, could be used with the mouthpiece 10 of FIGS. 1-6. The same also applies to the core 28 of FIG. 11, which has a triangular cross section having triangle sides of equal length. The rectangular cross section of the core 28 of FIG. 10 as well as the trapezoidal core 28 of FIG. 12, on the other hand, would require a different distribution of the cores 28 over the first core retaining plate 22.

(29) According to FIG. 13, the cores 28 are arranged on the first core retaining plate 22 within a section 52, namely arranged regularly distributed within this section 52, which is circular segment-shaped in top view. According to FIGS. 14, 15 and 16, the cores 28 are arranged on the first core retaining plate 22 within a section 52, again regularly distributed within this section 52, which is trapezoidal in the top view. Here, the width of the trapezoidal section 52 increases from FIG. 14 to FIG. 16, while the height remains the same. In the core retaining plate 22 of FIG. 17, the cores 28 are arranged regularly distributed within a section 52, wherein the section 52 is rectangular in the top view.

(30) The width of the circular segment-shaped section 52 of FIG. 13 is slightly smaller than the upper width of the trapezoidal section 52 of FIG. 14. The lower width thereof again is slightly smaller than the upper width of the trapezoidal section 52 of FIG. 15. The lower width thereof again is slightly smaller than the upper width of the trapezoidal section 52 of FIG. 16. The width of the rectangular section 52 of FIG. 17 is slightly larger than the lower width of the trapezoidal section 52 of FIG. 16.

(31) In a corresponding design of the extrusion opening, formed bodies can thus be extruded which have a circular segment-shaped, trapezoidal and rectangular outer contour, and in which the channels produced by the cores 28 are arranged regularly distributed over the entire cross section of the formed body. By means of the shown outer contours of the formed bodies, so-called “flat membranes” can be produced, for example, which can be arranged within a tubular housing so that this tubular housing is filled to the maximum extent with flat membranes, wherein fluid spaces are present between the flat membranes.

(32) It is understood that many and any other outer contours of formed bodies with contours of sections 52 can be produced, including also, for example, irregular free-form contours.