WASTE HEAT UTILIZATION DEVICE

Abstract

A method for operating an internal combustion engine having a waste heat utilization device including a waste heat utilization cycle in which a valve mechanism, an evaporator, and an expander are arranged, may include adjusting the valve mechanism between an evaporator position and a bypass position via a control/regulating device as a function of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine. The method may also include calculating at least one of a power and an energy generatable by the waste heat utilization device via the control/regulating device as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine. The method may further include switching the expander between an active state and an inactive state via the control/regulating device as a function of the at least one of the calculated power and the calculated energy.

Claims

1. A method for operating an internal combustion engine including a waste heat utilization device comprising a waste heat utilization cycle in which a working fluid circulates, an evaporator for evaporating the working fluid arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle, and an expander arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle downstream from the evaporator, the expander switchable between an active state, in which the expander performs mechanical work via relaxing the working fluid, and an inactive state, in which the expander does not perform any mechanical work, the evaporator having a waste gas line for guiding waste gas out of the internal combustion engine and through which, during operation of the internal combustion engine, waste gas from the internal combustion engine is guided to the working fluid fluidically separately from the waste heat utilization cycle, the evaporator configured such that the working fluid in the evaporator thermally interacts with the waste gas for absorbing heat from the waste gas, including a waste gas bypass line via which the waste gas is guidable past the evaporator, a valve mechanism adjustable between an evaporator position, in which the waste gas is guided through the evaporator and past the waste gas bypass line, and a bypass position, in which the waste gas is guided through the waste gas bypass line and past the evaporator, and a control/regulating device cooperating with the valve mechanism and the expander, the method comprising: adjusting the valve mechanism between the evaporator position and the bypass position via the control/regulating device as a function of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine; calculating at least one of a power and an energy, generatable by the waste heat utilization device via the control/regulating device as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine; and switching the expander between the active state and the inactive state via the control/regulating device as a function of the at least one of the calculated power and the calculated energy.

2. The method according to claim 1, further comprising transferring the waste heat utilization device into a first state, in which the valve mechanism is in the bypass position and the expander is in the inactive state, via the control/regulating device when the internal combustion engine is turned off.

3. The method according to claim 2, further comprising transferring the waste heat utilization device from the first state into a second state via the control/regulating device, when the internal combustion engine is turned on, wherein in the second state the valve mechanism is away from the bypass position and the expander is in the inactive state.

4. The method according to claim 3, further comprising: adjusting the valve mechanism towards the evaporator position via the control/regulating device when the waste heat utilization device is in the second state and at least one of a nominal power and a nominal energy, which is to be generated by the waste heat utilization device, increases; and adjusting the valve mechanism towards the bypass position via the control/regulating device when the waste heat utilization device is in the second state and at least one of the nominal power and the nominal energy, which is to be generated by the waste heat utilization device, decreases.

5. The method according to claim 4, further comprising transferring the waste heat utilization device from the second state into a third state, in which the valve mechanism is away from the bypass position and the expander is in the active state, via the control/regulating device as a function of the at least one of the calculated power and the calculated energy.

6. The method according to claim 5, further comprising adjusting the valve mechanism device between the evaporator position and the bypass position via the control/regulating device as a function of the at least one of the calculated power and the calculated energy in the second state of the waste heat utilization device and in the third state of the waste heat utilization device.

7. The method according to claim 5, wherein the waste heat utilization device is transferred from the second state to the third state, also as a function of at least one characteristic value of the waste heat utilization device.

8. The method according to claim 7, wherein the at least one characteristic value is a temperature of the working fluid at least one of an input and an output of the evaporator.

9. The method according to claim 2, wherein the waste heat utilization device is transferred into the first state when the internal combustion engine is turned off by a user.

10. The method according to claim 5, further comprising adjusting the waste heat utilization device from at least one of the second state and the third state into the first state via the control/regulating device when the presence of an error state is or was detected in the waste heat utilization device.

11. An internal combustion engine for a motor vehicle, comprising: a waste heat utilization device including a waste heat utilization cycle in which a working fluid is circulatable; an evaporator for evaporating the working fluid is arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle; an expander arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle downstream from the evaporator, the expander switchable between an active state, in which the expander does not perform any mechanical work via relaxing the working fluid, and an inactive state, in which the expander does not perform any mechanical work; the evaporator has a waste gas line for guiding waste gas out of an internal combustion engine through which waste gas from the internal combustion engine during operation is guidable to the working fluid fluidically separately from the waste heat utilization cycle, the evaporator configured such that the working fluid in the evaporator thermally interacts with the waste gas for absorbing heat from the waste gas; the waste heat utilization device further including a waste gas bypass line via which the waste gas is guidable out of the internal combustion engine and one of (i) through the evaporator and (ii) past the evaporator, fluidically separately from the waste heat utilization cycle; the waste heat utilization device further including a valve mechanism adjustable between an evaporator position, in which the waste gas is guided through the evaporator and past the waste gas bypass line, and a bypass position, in which the waste gas is guided through the waste gas bypass line past the evaporator; and a control/regulating device cooperating with the valve mechanism and the expander the control/regulating device configured to (i) adjust the valve mechanism between the evaporator position and the bypass position as a function of at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, (ii) calculate at least one of a power and an energy generatable by the waste heat utilization device as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, and (iii) switch the expander between the active state and the inactive state as a function of the at least one of the calculated power and the calculated energy.

12. The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, wherein, at least during operation of the internal combustion engine, the control/regulating device (i) adjusts the valve mechanism between the evaporator position and the bypass position as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, (ii) calculates the at least one of the power and the energy generatable by the waste heat utilization device as a function of the at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine, and (iii) switches the expander between the active state and the inactive state as a function of the at least one of the calculated power and the calculated energy.

13. The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, further comprising a conveyor arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle configured to drive the working fluid.

14. The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, wherein the conveyor is arranged downstream from the condenser.

15. The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, further comprising an electrical generator drivingly connected to the expander.

16. The internal combustion engine according to claim 11, further comprising: an input temperature sensor arranged at an input of the evaporator in the waste heat utilization cycle; and an output temperature sensor arranged at an output of the evaporator in the waste heat utilization cycle.

17. The method according to claim 1, wherein the at least one operating parameter of the internal combustion engine is at least one of: a speed of the internal combustion engine; a load acting on the internal combustion engine; a state of a cooling system for cooling the internal combustion engine; and a charging status of a rechargeable battery.

18. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the second state of the waste heat utilization device the valve mechanism is in an intermediate position between the bypass position and the evaporator position.

19. The method according to claim 3, wherein in the second state of the waste heat utilization device the valve mechanism is in the evaporator position.

20. The method according to claim 5, further comprising: adjusting the valve mechanism towards the evaporator position via the control/regulating device when the waste heat utilization device is in the third state and at least one of a nominal power and a nominal energy, which is to be generated by the waste heat utilization device, increases; and adjusting the valve mechanism towards the bypass position via the control/regulating device when the waste heat utilization device is in the third state and at least one of the nominal power and the nominal energy, which is to be generated by the waste heat utilization device, decreases.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0033] In each case schematically,

[0034] FIG. 1 shows an illustration, which illustrates the schematic setup of an internal combustion engine according to the invention comprising waste heat utilization device,

[0035] FIG. 2 shows an illustration, which illustrates the mode of operation of the method according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of an internal combustion engine 7 according to the invention comprising a waste heat utilization device 1. The internal combustion engine 7 comprises a waste heat utilization cycle 2, in which a working fluid 3 circulates. A conveying device 4 for driving the working fluid 3 is arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle 2. An evaporator 5 for evaporating the working fluid 3 is arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle 2 downstream from the conveying device 4. The evaporator 5 is embodied as waste heat exchanger 20, by means of which the waste gas A from the internal combustion engine 7, which is guided through a waste gas line 6 of the waste heat utilization device 1, can be thermally coupled to the working fluid 3 for heat transfer.

[0037] In the evaporator 5 or waste gas heat exchanger 20, respectively, the waste gas line 6 runs fluidically separately form the waste heat utilization cycle 2, and is thermally coupled to the waste heat utilization cycle 2 for evaporating the working fluid 3. This allows for the transfer of heat from the waste gas A to the working medium 3 of the waste heat utilization cycle 2.

[0038] The waste heat utilization device 1 furthermore comprises a waste gas bypass line 8, via which the waste gas A from the internal combustion engine 7 can be guided past the evaporator 5, so that no thermal coupling with the working fluid 3 takes place.

[0039] An expansion machine 9 is arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle 2 downstream from the evaporator 5. Said expansion machine can be switched between an active state, in which it performs mechanical work by relaxing the working fluid 3, and an inactive state, in which no mechanical work is performed by the expansion machine 9. In the example scenario, the waste heat utilization device 1 has an electrical generator 14, to which the expansion machine 9 is drive-connected. The electrical energy recovered from the waste heat utilization device 1 in this way is available for a variety of uses. It can in particular be coupled into the drive train of the internal combustion engine 7 (not shown in the figures) by means of an electrical machine, which acts as electrical motor.

[0040] A condenser 10 for condensing the working fluid 3 is arranged in the waste heat utilization cycle 2 downstream from the expansion machine 9. The already mentioned conveying device 4 follows the condenser downstream from the condenser 10, so that the waste heat utilization cycle 2 is closed.

[0041] According to FIG. 1, the waste heat utilization device 1 comprises a valve device 11 comprising an adjustable valve body 13, which can be adjusted between an evaporator position, in which the waste gas A is guided through the evaporator 5 and not through the waste gas bypass line 8, and a bypass position, in which the waste gas A is guided through the waste gas bypass line 8 and thus past the evaporator 5. It goes without saying that the valve device 11 can on principle be adjusted into an infinite number of intermediate positions between the bypass position and the evaporator position, in which a portion of the waste gas A is guided through the waste gas bypass line 8 and a complementary portion of the waste gas is guided through the evaporator 5.

[0042] A control/regulating device 15 is further provided, which cooperates with the valve device 11 and with the expansion machine 9. This means that the control/regulating device 15 controls the valve device 11 for adjusting between the bypass position and the evaporator position, and can control the expansion machine 9 for adjusting between the active and the inactive state.

[0043] The method according to the invention will be described below by means of the state diagram of FIG. 2. In the course of the performance of the method according to the invention, the control/regulating device 15 adjusts the valve device 11 between the evaporator position and the bypass position as a function of one or a plurality of operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 7. For example the current speed of the internal combustion engine 7, the engine load currently acting on the internal combustion engine 7, the state of a cooling system for the engine cooling, as well as the charging status of a rechargeable battery, which can serve as electrical energy storage for driving an electrical machine, which cooperates with the internal combustion engine 7, are some of these operating parameters.

[0044] According to the method, the control/regulating device 15 calculates the power and/or energy, which can be currently generated by the waste heat utilization device 1, as a function of these operating parameters. The control/regulating device 15 thereby switches the expansion machine 9 between the active state and the inactive state as a function of this calculated power or energy, respectively.

[0045] When the internal combustion engine 7 is deactivated, thus turned off, an operation of the waste heat utilization device 1 is also not required. When the internal combustion engine 7 is turned off, the control/regulating device 15 thus adjusts the waste heat utilization device into a first state Z1, in which the valve device 11 is in the bypass position and the expansion machine 5 is in the inactive state. This state of the waste heat utilization device 1 is identified as safe operating state.

[0046] If the internal combustion engine 7 is turned ontypically by the driver of a motor vehicle, into which the internal combustion engine 7 is installed as drive systemthe control/regulating device 15 transfers the waste heat utilization device 1 from the first state Z1 into a second state Z2 (see arrow P12 in FIG. 2). For this purpose, the control/regulating device 15 adjusts the valve device 11 away from the bypass position, whereas the expansion machine 5 remains in the inactive state. In the extreme case, the valve device 11 is adjusted directly into the evaporator position, in which no waste gas can flow through the waste gas bypass line 8. An adjustment into an intermediate position between evaporator position and bypass position, however, is also possible. The waste heat utilization device 1 is supplied with heat from the waste gas A, which is ejected from the internal combustion engine 7, in this way, and the evaporator is heated up.

[0047] In the second state Z2 of the waste heat utilization device 1, the control/regulating device 15 adjusts between the bypass position and the evaporator position as a function of the already-mentioned operating parameters. The control/regulating device 15 thereby adjusts the valve device 11 towards the evaporator position, when a nominal power, which is to be generated by the waste heat utilization device 1, increases. The thermal energy introduced into the evaporator is increased in this way. The control/regulating device 15 accordingly adjusts the valve device 11 towards the bypass position, when the nominal power, which is to be generated by the waste heat utilization device 1, decreases. If the waste heat utilization device 1 is in the second state Z2 and if the internal combustion engine 7 is turned off, the waste heat utilization device 1 is transferred from the second state Z2 back into the first state Z1 again (see arrow P21 in FIG. 1).

[0048] The control/regulating device 15 transfers the waste heat utilization device 1 from the second state Z2 into a third state Z3 (see arrow P23 in FIG. 2), in that the expansion machine 9 is switched from the inactive state into the active state, and vice versa (see arrow 32). The transfer or the switch, respectively, from the second state Z2 into the third state Z3 and vice versa in particular takes place as a function of the calculated power or energy, respectively, which can currently be generated by the waste heat utilization device 1. In the third state Z3 of the waste heat utilization device 1, the control/regulating device 15 adjusts the valve device 11 analogously to the second state Z2.

[0049] The switch of the waste heat utilization device 1 between the second state Z2 and the third state Z3 by means of the control/regulating device 15, thus the switch of the expansion machine 9 between the active state and the inactive state, can also take place as a function of one or a plurality of characteristic values of the waste heat utilization device 1. Said characteristic value can be, for example, the temperature T of the working fluid 3 measured at the input of the evaporator 5, as well as, alternatively or additionally, also at the output of the evaporator 5.

[0050] A temperature sensor 12, which is arranged at the output of the evaporator 5 in the waste heat utilization cycle 2, is suggested in an exemplary manner in FIG. 1. Such a temperature sensor 12 can also be provided at the input of the evaporator in the waste heat utilization cycle 2.

[0051] If the control/regulating device 15 detects the presence of an error state in the waste heat utilization device 1, the control/regulating device 15 also transfers the waste heat utilization device 1 from the second or third state into the first state (see arrows 31 or P21, respectively).