System and method for formation of woven style tufted cut/loop fabrics

Abstract

A system and method for forming patterned tufted fabrics such as carpets, including the formation of patterns having cut pile and loop pile tufts therein. The system includes a pair of needle bars each carrying a series of needles to which a plurality of yarns are fed. Cut pile hooks are arranged along a cut pile side of a tufting zone, in a position to engage the needles of one of the needle bars, while loop pile loopers are arranged along the opposite loop pile side of the tufting zone, in a position to engage the needles of the other one of the needle bars. A backing material is fed through the tufting zone, and as loop pile tufts of yarns are formed in the backing material, the needles mounted along a needle bar extending along the cut pile side of the tufting zone can be shifted to an off-gauge position, with the yarn feed to these needles further being controlled, to substantially prevent engagement and pick-up of the yarns carried by such needles by the cut pile hooks.

Claims

1. A tufting machine, comprising: first and second needle bars located along opposite sides of a tufting zone and each carrying a plurality of needles mounted in spaced series therealong, wherein the needles of the first and second needle bars are reciprocated into and out of a backing material passing therebeneath, and wherein the needles of at least the second needle bar are arranged at a first spacing; a shift mechanism coupled to the second needle bar for shifting the second needle bar transversely with respect to the backing material; first and second yarn feed mechanisms each feeding yarns to selected ones of the needles of the first and second needle bars; and a series of gauge parts mounted below the tufting zone and movable into engagement with the needles of the first and second needle bars so as to pick-up yarns carried by the needles of the first and second needle bars as the needles are reciprocated into the backing material for forming loop and/or pile tufts of yarns in the backing material; wherein at least a portion of the gauge parts associated with the needles of the second needle bar are arranged at a second spacing that is greater than the first spacing of the needles of at least the second needle bar, defining gaps between adjacent gauge parts, and wherein the second needle bar is shiftable a distance sufficient to move the needles of the second needle bar to an off-gauge position with respect to the associated gauge parts, whereby the needles of the second needle bar are substantially aligned with the gaps defined between the associated gauge parts located below the needles of the second needle bar so as to substantially prevent pick-up of the yarns from the needles of the second needle bar by the associated gauge parts.

2. The tufting machine of claim 1, wherein the gauge parts comprise a plurality of cut pile hooks located along a downstream side of the tufting zone, spaced at the second spacing and adapted to engage the needles of the second needle bar to form cut pile tufts in the backing material, and a plurality of loop pile loopers located along an upstream side of the tufting zone and adapted to engage the needles of the first needle bar to form loop pile tufts in the backing material.

3. The tufting machine of claim 2, wherein the second spacing between the cut pile hooks is at least about double the first spacing between the needles of the second needle bar.

4. The tufting machine of claim 1, wherein the first and second yarn feed mechanisms each comprise a standard yarn feed roll.

5. The tufting machine of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second yarn feed mechanisms comprises a yarn feed pattern attachment.

6. The tufting machine of claim 1, wherein the second spacing between the gauge parts associated with the needles of the second needle bar is at least 1.5 times the first spacing between the needles of the second needle bars, and the gauge parts associated with the needles of the second needle bar comprise at least a series of cut pile hooks arranged at the second spacing and positioned below the needles of the second needle bar.

7. The tufting machine of claim 1, further comprising a shift mechanism for shifting the first needle bar transversely with respect to the backing material passing therebeneath.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of a tufting machine for forming woven style cut/loop tufted fabrics in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

(2) FIG. 2 is a side elevational view of the tufting machine of FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the tufting zone, illustrating shifting of the needles with respect to the cut pile hooks.

(4) FIGS. 4A-4B are plan views illustrating the shifting of the needles in accordance with the principles of the present invention.

(5) FIGS. 5A-5B show example tufted fabrics formed in accordance with the principles of the present invention, including examples of threading sequences therefor.

(6) The embodiments of the invention and the various features thereof are explained in detail below with reference to non-limiting embodiments and examples that are described and/or illustrated in the accompanying drawings. It should be noted that the features illustrated in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale, and features of one embodiment may be employed with other embodiments as the skilled artisan would recognize, even if not explicitly stated herein. Descriptions of certain components and processing techniques may be omitted so as to not unnecessarily obscure the embodiments of the invention. The examples used herein are intended merely to facilitate an understanding of ways in which the invention may be practiced and to further enable those of skill in the art to practice the embodiments of the invention. Accordingly, the examples and embodiments herein should not be construed as limiting the scope of the invention, which is defined solely by the appended claims and applicable law.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) Referring now in greater detail to the drawings in which like numerals indicate like parts throughout the several views, the present invention is generally directed to a system and method for forming patterned fabrics or other articles such as carpets, and in particular relates to a system and method for forming tufted carpets having a woven style or appearance, including the use of loop pile tufts and cut pile tufts, which loop pile tufts and cut pile tufts further can be formed in the same longitudinal tuft rows, as illustrated in FIGS. 5A-5B. As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a tufting machine T formed and operating in accordance with the system and method of the present invention generally can comprise a Velva-loop or other cut/loop style tufting machine including a machine frame 10 supporting a main driveshaft 11 driven by a motor such as a variable speed servomotor or other similar drive. A tufting zone 12 is defined within the tufting machine through which a backing material B generally will be fed in the direction of arrow 13. The backing material generally will be fed under the control of backing feed rolls 14A/14B in its feed direction indicated by arrow 13 through the tufting zone 12 for the introduction of a series of yarns Y1/Y2 for the formation of loop pile and cut pile tufts 16 and 17 (FIGS. 2 and 5A-5B) in the backing material B.

(8) The tufting machine T can include tufting machine controller 20, such as a Command Performance tufting machine computer control system as manufactured by Card-Monroe Corp. Such a tufting machine controller generally will include a computer controller or processor that can be programmed with pattern information for forming various desired patterns, and typically will include an operator interface 21, such as a touch screen as indicated in FIG. 1, although other types of interfaces including a keyboard and mouse, tablet or other similar input devices can be provided for enabling operator input and programming of the tufting machine controller 20. The tufting machine controller further can be connected to a separate pattern design center or via a network to a server or other control system, and/or can include pattern design functionality or capability so as to enable creation and programming of patterns directly therein. As schematically illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the tufting machine controller 20 will be in communication with and can be programmed to control various operative features and elements of the tufting machine, including monitoring and controlling one or more motors driving the main driveshaft 11 of the tufting machine, as well as monitoring and controlling operation of the backing feed rolls 14A/B, shifting of needle bars, yarn feed and other operations of the tufting machine.

(9) As illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, a pair of needle bars, including a first or upstream needle bar 25 and a second or downstream needle bar 26 will be located along opposite sides of the tufting zone 12. The needle bars 25 and 26 each carry a series of spaced needles 27 mounted in substantially in-line or staggered rows therealong, and with the needles being mounted at a first desired spacing, which can be based on a selected gauge spacing for the tufted pattern (for example, , 1/10, 5/32, 1/16, or other gauge spacing) as will be understood by those skilled in the art. The needles 27 of the first and second needle bars 25 and 26 also will be longitudinally spaced between the needles of the upstream and downstream needle bars from each other across the tufting zone by a desired stagger as further will be understood by those skilled in the art, which stagger between the needles of the upstream and downstream needle bars can be varied as needed to form different patterns.

(10) In addition, at least one of the needle bars, i.e., at least the second and downstream needle bar 26, will be laterally shiftable in the direction of arrows 28/28 so as to move transversely across the tufting zone. As will also be understood, both needle bars can be shifted, or one of the needle bars, such as the first or upstream needle bar 25, can be operated without shifting. A shift mechanism 29 (FIG. 1) such as a cam shifter or Smart Step shift control mechanism by Card-Monroe Corp. generally will be provided for each shifting needle bar and will be linked to the tufting machine controller 20. The shift mechanisms 29 for the needle bars 25 and 26 control the lateral shifting movement of the needle bars in the direction of arrows 28 and 28 so as to move the needles 27 carried by each shifting needle bar in a direction transverse to the direction of feed 13 of the backing material B in accordance with programmed pattern instructions.

(11) As further indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the needles 27 of the first and second or upstream and downstream needle bars 25 and 26 each will receive and carry a series of yarns Y1 and Y2 into and out of the backing material as the needle bars are moved in the direction of arrows 31 and 31 in response to the operation of the main driveshaft driving a series of push rods 32 that support and carry the needle bars through a vertically reciprocating movement. The yarns will be fed to each of the needles via first and second yarn feed mechanisms 35A/B mounted on opposite sides (i.e., the front and rear) of the frame of the tufting machine T as indicated in FIGS. 1 and 2. The first and second yarn feed mechanisms 35A/B each generally will include one or more conventional, yarn feed rolls 36A/B operated under the control of one or more motors 37 controlled by the tufting machine controller 20 and configured to feed the yarns in a generally straight or direct feed operation. More complex and/or expensive yarn feed pattern attachments such as roll, scroll, single or double end pattern attachments are not required for the present invention. Thus, while such yarn feed pattern attachments can be used for controlling the feeding of the yarns to the needles in accordance with the system and method of the present invention, the present invention advantageously enables the use of standard straight yarn feed mechanisms rather than requiring more complex yarn feed pattern controls, thus enabling a reduction in cost of the tufting machine T.

(12) The front and rear or first and second yarn feed rolls 36A/B on the opposite sides of the tufting machine feed the yarns Y1 and Y2 to the needles 27 of the first and second or front and rear needle bars 25 and 26, with the yarns typically passing through yarn guides 38 and puller rolls 39. The needles of the front and rear needle bars will be threaded with the various different color or type yarns in accordance with a threading sequence, such as indicated at 40 in FIGS. 5A-5B, based upon the desired pattern being formed. The yarns in each of the series of yarns Y1/Y2 can include varying color, type, size and/or texture to provide different desired pattern effects, and can be fed in a substantially straight yarn feed configuration from the standard yarn feed rolls 36A/B to each of the needles 27. For example, FIG. 5A shows a threading sequence with the front or upstream needles threaded with a first color, and the downstream needles with a second color, whereby alternating transverse rows or bands of different colors and/or cut or loop tufts, can be formed and with the fabric having a woven appearance. Alternatively, as shown in FIG. 5B, a series of different yarns can be used, for example, 4 colors of yarns, and with the needles of each needle bar threaded with selected color yarns in an alternating sequence, such as being arranged in pairs of needles carrying a desired color, to form a woven style or appearing fabric having a desired tufted pattern; for example, forming a multi-colored checker-board style pattern with alternating rows of different stitch lengths, as shown in FIG. 5B. The yarns will be carried with their respective needles into and out of the backing material during a tufting cycle with the feeding of the yarns and shifting of one or both of the needle bars controlled to form the desired loop and/or cut pile tufts in accordance with the programmed pattern, as indicated in FIGS. 2 and 5A-5B.

(13) As generally illustrated in FIGS. 2 and 3, the needles 27 each generally will include an elongated shank 45 terminating at a pointed end 46 and having a takeoff area 47 adjacent the pointed end. As the needles penetrate the backing material, they can be engaged by a series of gauge parts 50 so as to pick and pull loops of yarns from the needles to form the tufts of yams in the backing material. In one embodiment, as generally illustrated in FIGS. 1-4B, the gauge parts 50 will include loop pile loopers 51 mounted along the front or upstream side of the tufting zone (the loop pile side) for engaging the needles 27 of the upstream or first needle bar 25 to form loop pile tufts 16 (FIG. 2) in the backing material, and a series of cut pile hooks 52 that generally are mounted along the rear or downstream side of the tufting zone (the cut pile side) and are adapted to engage the needles 27 of the rear or second needle bar 26 for forming cut pile tufts 17 within the backing material.

(14) Each of the loop pile loopers 51 generally will include an elongated body 55 having a shank 56 mounted within a holder or block 57, which in turn can be mounted on a looper bar 58 attached to a reciprocating arm 59. The body of each loop pile looper further will include a forwardly projecting throat 61 that extends toward the tufting zone and thus the needles from the shank, terminating in a pointed bill or frontal end 62. The loop pile loopers 51 will be reciprocated in the direction of arrows 63 and 63 toward and away from engagement with the needles of the upstream or first needle bar 25 as the needles have penetrated the backing material to a desired depth, so as to pick and pull loops of yams therefrom for forming the loop pile tufts 16.

(15) As also illustrated in FIG. 2, each of the cut pile hooks 52 generally will include a body 65 having a shank portion 66 mounted within a holder or block 67 carried by a hook bar 68 that is in turn mounted on a reciprocating arm 69 that carries the cut pile hooks in a reciprocating motion, as indicated by arrows 71 and 71 toward and away from engagement with the needles of the downstream or second needle bar 26. The cut pile hooks 52 further include an elongated throat 72 extending forwardly from the shank thereof and which throat terminates in a hooked bill or distal end 73. When the needles of the downstream needle bar 26 are engaged by the hooked bill of an associated or corresponding one cut pile hook, loops of yarns are picked therefrom and are captured along the throat portion of the cut pile hooks. A knife or cutting blade 74 is associated with each of the cut pile hooks, with each knife being mounted within a holder 76 attached to a reciprocating drive mechanism 77, which causes the knife blades to move into engagement with and cut any loops of yarns captured on their cut pile hooks to accordingly form the cut pile tufts within the backing material.

(16) The cut pile hooks, and additionally the loop pile loopers as desired, can be arranged at a gauge spacing that is different from the first gauge spacing of the needles 27 arranged along the front and/or rear needle bars 25/26. In one embodiment, the cut pile hooks and loop pile loopers can be arranged at a second gauge spacing that is a multiple of the first gauge spacing of the needles, such as a double gauge spacing wherein the second gauge spacing between the cut pile hooks and loop pile loopers can be approximately double the first gauge spacing of the associated needles carried by the front and rear needle bars. For example, if the needles are arranged at a first gauge spacing of 1/16, the cut pile hooks and loop pile loopers can be arranged at a second gauge spacing of . Similarly, for gauge spacings of , 1/10, 5/32 for the needles, the cut pile hooks and loop pile loopers can be spaced at corresponding gauge spacings of , and 5/16, respectively. Other, differing spacings, for example spacings that are greater than the spacings between the needles, also can be provided.

(17) As further illustrated in FIGS. 1-2, the tufting machine T also generally will include a bed plate or bed rail 80, which can be adjusted vertically so as to enable adjustments of pile heights being formed, and which generally will include upstream and downstream sections or portions 81A/B on opposite sides of the tufting zone T. Each of the bed plate sections 81A/81B further will include a needle plate 82 that can include a series of fingers, wires or reeds 83 (FIGS. 1 and 3-4B). The fingers or wires will be spaced apart at a spacing, which can be similar to or can be a multiple of the first and/or second gauge spacings of the needles and the gauge parts, so as to define gaps 84 therebetween, through which the needles pass for engagement with their associated gauge parts below the tufting zone, as indicated in FIGS. 3-4B.

(18) In operation of the tufting machine T (FIGS. 1-2) in accordance with the principles of the present invention, as the backing material B is fed through the tufting zone in the direction of arrow 13, the needles of the front and rear needle bars will be reciprocated into and out of the backing material as will be understood by those skilled in the art. The needles of each needle bar 25/26 generally will be threaded with yarns of a desired color, type, etc., in accordance with a threading sequence corresponding to the desired pattern appearance or layout, as shown in FIGS. 5A-5B; and with the yarns being fed to the needles of each needle bar from the upstream and downstream yarn feed rolls 36A/36B (FIGS. 1-2) at a desired rate to form loop and/or cut pile tufts to be shown in the pattern at the desired pile height therefor.

(19) For the portions of the pattern being formed wherein loop pile tufts are to be retained or shown, the rear or second needle bar 26, along the cut pile side of the tufting zone, can be shifted in a direction transverse to the feeding of the backing materials by an amount sufficient to move the needles from an on-gauge position as shown in FIG. 4A, wherein the needles 27 of the second or rear needle bar 26 are aligned with corresponding ones of the cut pile hooks 52 for engagement and picking of yarns Y2 therefrom, into an off-gauge position, shown in FIG. 4B, wherein the needles are shifted in the direction of arrows 28 to a position such that the needles 27 of the second or rear needle bar 26 become substantially offset or misaligned with the cut pile hooks 52 sufficient to avoid their being engaged by a corresponding one of the cut pile hooks.

(20) Typically, to move the needles to their off-gauge position, the needle bar will be shifted a distance that is less than the second gauge spacing between the cut pile hooks. In one embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 4A-4B, this shift distance can be approximately half of the gauge spacing between the cut pile hooks, for example, being approximately equal to the first gauge spacing of the needles where the second gauge spacing of the gauge parts are at a double or other increased gauge spacing versus the first gauge spacing of the needles. Other shifting distances, which are greater or less than the first gauge spacing of the needles also can be used. As a result, the cut pile hooks will be substantially prevented from engaging and picking the yarns Y2 from the misaligned needles of the second needle bar. As also indicated in one embodiment shown in FIG. 4B, the needles 27 of the second or rear needle bar 26 further can be shifted into positions generally aligned with a wire or finger 82 of the downstream needle plate 81B, or to any other position in which the needles will be located and/or maintained out of alignment with corresponding ones of the cut pile hooks sufficient to substantially prevent pick-up of the yarns therefrom by the cut pile hooks.

(21) With the needles shifted to their off-gauge or misaligned position, the rear or second yarn feed roll 36B feeding the yarns Y2 to the needles of the second or rear needle bar will be controlled by being slowed to a substantially minimal amount or stopped (i.e., run at approximately a 0% or other minimized feed rate), so that as the needles 27 of the second or rear needle bar 26 along the cut pile side of the tufting zone are reciprocated out of the backing material, the yarns Y2 carried with these needles remain therewith, without loops of these yarns being picked and/or formed or captured by the cut pile hooks. With the formation of cut pile tufts thus substantially being prevented, the first or front yarn feed roll 36A on the upstream or front side (the loop pile side) of the tufting machine, which is feeding the yarns Y1 to the needles of the first or front needle bar 25 can be operated at a substantially full feed rate (i.e., fed at an approximately 100% feed rate) or controlled to feed its yarns at any other desired feed rate as needed to form loop pile tufts of a desired pile height. The first or front needle bar 25 also can be shifted laterally across the backing material as needed to place loop pile tufts of different color, texture or type yarns in different areas of the pattern, as indicated in FIG. 5.

(22) As a result, with the feeding of the yarns Y2 to the needles of the second or rear needle bar being substantially minimized or stopped, only the loop pile tufts being formed will show along the front surface of the backing material, without the danger of overtufting or previously formed loops of yarns engaged by the cut pile hooks being shown. Instead, as the backing material is indexed further forwardly, the feeding of the yarns Y2 is substantially stopped or minimized to an extent that the yarns Y2 are allowed to substantially float on the rear or back surface 90 of the backing material B, as indicated by back stitches 91 in FIG. 2. This can further lead to a conservation of yarns in the patterns being formed.

(23) Upon reaching a pattern step wherein cut pile tufts are to be formed in the backing material, the second, rear or downstream side yarn feed roll 36B for the yarns Y2 (FIG. 2) being fed to the needles of the second or rear needle bar 26 (along the cut pile side of the tufting zone) will be reengaged and can be run at a substantially full or other desired rate (i.e., the yarns Y2 can be fed to the needles at up to an approximately 100% feed rate). The rear needle bar 26 further will be shifted in the direction of arrow 28 (FIG. 4A) so that its needles will be moved back into an on-gauge position whereby the needles 27 will be aligned with corresponding ones of the cut pile hooks 52. As a result, engagement of the needles of the second or rear needle bar by the cut pile hooks is enabled for the formation of cut pile tufts, which cut pile tufts can be formed in the same longitudinal tuft rows as loop pile tufts 16, as indicated in FIG. 5.

(24) As the cut pile tufts are formed, the first, front or upstream side yarn feed roll 36A feeding the yarns Y1 to the needles 27 of the first or front needle bar 25 (along the loop pile side of the tufting zone) can be substantially slowed to a minimum feed rate or stopped (i.e., fed at an approximately 0% or other minimal feed rate) to cause the yarns Y1 carried by the needles of the first or front needle bar to be substantially withdrawn from the backing material, including being pulled low to an extent sufficient to be hidden or buried among the higher tufts formed in the backing material, or potentially be pulled out of and allowed to float along the rear surface of the backing material while the cut pile tufts are being formed in the backing material. The front needle bar 25 additionally can be shifted so that its needles are moved to an off-gauge position (as shown at dashed lines in FIG. 4B) to prevent engagement of the needles by the loop pile loopers and thus avoid the pick-up and formation of loops of yarns on the loop pile loopers arranged therebelow, as needed/desired.

(25) Accordingly, the method of the present invention enables the formation of cut and loop patterns with the formation of a wide variety of differing amounts of cut and loop tufts being formed in the same fabric and/or in the same longitudinal tuft rows without being limited by the stagger between the needles of the front and rear needle bars. Since the formation and/or location of the cut and loop tufts is not dependent on the stagger between the needles of the needle bars, the present method further provides additional flexibility in the patterning of cut and loop tufts within the same longitudinal tuft rows, for example enabling the formation of varying graphic and/or geometric pattern designs by controlling the shifting of one or both needle bars and a simplified control of the yarn feed (i.e., a substantially on/off feed control), without requiring additional yarn feed pattern attachments. The present invention further is capable of utilizing a standard straight yarn feed for forming both loop pile and cut pile tufts, each of which yarn feeds can be run at a high or low rate, including being fed at substantially a full or 100% feed rate, or can be substantially minimized, including being stopped or run at an approximately 0% feed rate. The resultant tufted fabrics thus can have a 100% surface density appearance while sewing only one-half the yarns being fed to the needles, with the remaining yarns being permitted to float along the rear surface of the backing material. The present invention thus enables selective sewing of desired amounts of cut pile and loop pile tufts, including running sections of substantially all cut pile tufts or substantially all loop pile tufts to form various patterned tufted articles having both loop and cut pile tufts in the same longitudinal tuft rows and a substantially woven appearance without substantially limiting the pattern and the formation of the loop pile and cut pile tufts based on the selected stagger between the needle bars.

(26) It further will be understood that the invention is not limited to the particular methodology, devices, apparatus, materials, applications, etc., described herein, as these may vary. It is also to be understood that the terminology used herein is used for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only, and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention. It must be noted that as used herein and in the appended claims, the singular forms a, an, and the include plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

(27) Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art in the field to which this invention is directed, and it will be understood that any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or construction of the invention.

(28) The foregoing description generally illustrates and describes various embodiments of the present invention. It will, however, be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes and modifications can be made to the above-discussed construction of the present invention without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as disclosed herein, and that it is intended that all matter contained in the above description or shown in the accompanying drawings shall be interpreted as being illustrative, and not to be taken in a limiting sense. Furthermore, the scope of the present disclosure shall be construed to cover various modifications, combinations, additions, alterations, etc., above and to the above-described embodiments, which shall be considered to be within the scope of the present invention. Accordingly, various features and characteristics of the present invention as discussed herein may be selectively interchanged and applied to other illustrated and non-illustrated embodiments of the invention, and numerous variations, modifications, and additions further can be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention as set forth in the appended claims.