Antenna unit and electronic device

Abstract

A first antenna element includes a first end connected to a feedpoint, a second end connected to a connection point on a ground conductor, and a fold disposed between the first and the second ends. A part of a segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element is disposed along the ground conductor. A second antenna element branches off the first antenna element. The second antenna element is disposed between the part of the first antenna element disposed along the ground conductor and the ground conductor. The segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element resonates at a first frequency. The second antenna element and a segment between the first end and a branch point of the first antenna element resonate at a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency.

Claims

1. An antenna unit comprising: a conductive ground plate; a first antenna element; and a second antenna element, wherein the first antenna element includes: a first end connected to a feedpoint; a second end connected to a first connection point on the conductive ground plate; and a fold disposed between the first and the second ends, wherein a part of a segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element is disposed along the conductive ground plate, wherein the second antenna element branches off the first antenna element at a branch point that is disposed on the segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element, and the second antenna element is disposed between the part of the first antenna element disposed along the conductive ground plate and the conductive ground plate, wherein the segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element resonates at a first frequency, wherein the second antenna element and a segment between the first end and the branch point of the first antenna element resonate at a second frequency that is higher than the first frequency, wherein the second end of the first antenna element is connected to the first connection point on the conductive ground plate via a trap circuit, wherein the trap circuit exhibits lower impedance at the first frequency than at the second frequency, wherein the antenna unit further comprising a first passive element having a first end and a second end, the first passive element being disposed relative to the first antenna element such that the first end is electromagnetically coupled to the fold of the first antenna element and the second end is remoter from the feedpoint than the first end, wherein the first passive element has no electrical connection with the conductive ground plate, and the first passive element resonates at a third frequency other than the first and the second frequencies, and wherein the first passive element is configured such that a distance between the first passive element and the second antenna element is larger than a distance between the first passive element and the fold of the first antenna element.

2. The antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a short-circuit element that connects one point on the segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element with one point on a segment between the second end and the fold of the first antenna element, wherein a closed-loop circuit formed of the first antenna element and the short-circuit element has an electrical length that differs both from integer multiples of a wavelength for the first frequency and integer multiples of a wavelength for the second frequency.

3. The antenna unit according to claim 2, wherein the short-circuit element includes a reactance element.

4. The antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a ground element having a first end electrically connected to a second connection point on the conductive ground plate and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the fold of the first antenna element, wherein the ground element is disposed relative to the first antenna element such that the first end of the ground element is remoter from the feedpoint than the second end of the ground element, and the ground element resonates at a fourth frequency other than the first and the second frequencies.

5. The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein the ground element is connected to the conductive ground plate via a reactance circuit.

6. The antenna unit according to claim 5, wherein a section of the ground element containing the second end of the ground element is capacitively coupled to a section of the first antenna element containing the fold of the first antenna element over a predetermined length, and wherein the reactance circuit works to shorten an electrical length of the ground element at the fourth frequency.

7. The antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a ground element having a first end electrically connected to a second connection point on the conductive ground plate and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the fold of the first antenna element, wherein the ground element is disposed relative to the first antenna element such that the first end of the ground element is remoter from the feedpoint than the second end of the ground element, and the ground element resonates at a fourth frequency other than the first and the second frequencies, wherein the first passive element is disposed along the conductive ground plate, wherein a part of the ground element is disposed along the conductive ground plate, and wherein the first passive element is disposed between the part of the ground element disposed along the conductive ground plate and the conductive ground plate.

8. The antenna unit according to claim 1, further comprising a ground element having a first end that is electrically connected to a second connection point on the conductive ground plate via a reactance circuit and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the fold of the first antenna element, wherein the ground element is disposed relative to the first antenna element such that the first end of the ground element is remoter from the feedpoint than the second end of the ground element, wherein the reactance circuit exhibits higher impedance at a third frequency than at a fourth frequency, wherein the third frequency is different from the first and the second frequencies, wherein the fourth frequency is different from the first, the second, and the third frequencies, and wherein the ground element resonates at the third and the fourth frequencies.

9. An electronic device comprising the antenna unit according to claim 1.

10. The electronic device according to claim 9, further comprising: a casing having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other; and a display provided on the first surface of the casing, wherein the second antenna element is closer to the first surface of the casing than to the second surface of the casing.

11. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the feedpoint is closer to the first surface of the casing than to the second surface of the casing, and wherein the first connection point is closer to the second surface of the casing than to the first surface of the casing.

12. The electronic device according to claim 11, wherein a part of the segment between the first end and the fold of the first antenna element and a part of the segment between the second end and the fold of the first antenna element are disposed at a substantially identical distance from the conductive ground plate.

13. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the first passive element is closer to the first surface of the casing than to the second surface of the casing.

14. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the antenna unit includes a ground element having a first end electrically connected to a second connection point on the conductive ground plate and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the fold of the first antenna element, wherein the ground element is disposed relative to the first antenna element such that the first end of the ground element is remoter from the feedpoint than the second end of the ground element, and the ground element resonates at a fourth frequency other than the first and the second frequencies, and wherein the ground element is closer to the first surface of the casing than to the second surface of the casing.

15. The electronic device according to claim 10, wherein the antenna unit includes a ground element having a first end that is electrically connected to a second connection point on the conductive ground plate via a reactance circuit and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to the fold of the first antenna element, wherein the ground element is disposed relative to the first antenna element such that the first end of the ground element is remoter from the feedpoint than the second end of the ground element, wherein the reactance circuit exhibits higher impedance at a third frequency than at a fourth frequency, wherein the third frequency is different from the first and the second frequencies, wherein the fourth frequency is different from the first, the second, and the third frequencies, wherein the ground element resonates at the third and the fourth frequencies, and wherein the ground element is closer to the first surface of the casing than to the second surface of the casing.

16. The antenna unit according to claim 1, wherein the first passive element is configured such that the third frequency is higher than the second frequency.

17. The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein the ground element is configured such that the fourth frequency is higher than the second frequency.

18. The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein the ground element is configured such that the fourth frequency is lower than the third frequency.

19. The antenna unit according to claim 4, wherein the ground element is configured such that the fourth frequency is between the second frequency and the third frequency.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a first exemplary embodiment.

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 1.

(3) FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a variation of the first exemplary embodiment.

(4) FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of trap circuit 13 in FIG. 3.

(5) FIG. 5 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of reactance versus frequency of trap circuit 13 in FIG. 3.

(6) FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a second exemplary embodiment.

(7) FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a variation of the second exemplary embodiment.

(8) FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a third exemplary embodiment.

(9) FIG. 9 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 8.

(10) FIG. 10 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 8 operating at frequency f2.

(11) FIG. 11 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 8 operating at frequency f3.

(12) FIG. 12 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a fourth exemplary embodiment.

(13) FIG. 13 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 12.

(14) FIG. 14 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 12 operating at frequency f2.

(15) FIG. 15 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 12 operating at frequency f4.

(16) FIG. 16 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a variation of the fourth exemplary embodiment.

(17) FIG. 17 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a fifth exemplary embodiment.

(18) FIG. 18 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 17.

(19) FIG. 19 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a sixth exemplary embodiment.

(20) FIG. 20 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an electronic device according to a seventh exemplary embodiment.

(21) FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating example implementation of the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment.

(22) FIG. 22 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of an antenna unit used in the electronic device of FIG. 21.

(23) FIG. 23 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a comparative example.

(24) FIG. 24 is a schematic graph illustrating profiles of antenna efficiency versus frequency of the antenna units of FIGS. 1, 16, and 23.

(25) FIG. 25 is a schematic graph illustrating specific absorption rate (SAR) values for the antenna units of FIGS. 1, 16, and 23.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(26) Exemplary embodiments will now be described in detail with reference to the drawings as appropriate. However, description in more detail than is necessary may be omitted. For example, detailed descriptions of well-known matters and redundant descriptions of substantially identical structural elements may be omitted so as to avoid unnecessarily redundant description and enable those of skill in the art to readily understand the exemplary embodiments herein.

(27) The inventor(s) have provided the accompanying drawings and the following description to allow those skilled in the art to fully understand the present disclosure. Accordingly, these examples should not be construed to limit the spirit and scope of the appended claims.

(28) The exemplary embodiments will be described with reference to XYZ Cartesian coordinates shown on the drawings.

(29) 1. First Exemplary Embodiment

(30) With reference to FIGS. 1 to 5, an antenna unit according to a first exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(31) 1-1. Configuration

(32) FIG. 1 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 1 includes ground conductor GND, first antenna element 1, and second antenna element 2.

(33) Ground conductor GND is a conductive ground plate. In this specification, ground conductor GND is also referred to as a conductive ground plate. In an example of FIG. 1, ground conductor GND is disposed parallel to an xy plane.

(34) First and second antenna elements 1 and 2 are each made from a linear or strip-shaped conductor. First antenna element 1 is a folded monopole antenna. Second antenna element 2 is an open-ended monopole antenna. First antenna element 1 includes a first end connected to feedpoint 11, a second end connected to connection point P4 on ground conductor GND, and fold P3 disposed between the first and the second ends. The antenna unit of FIG. 1 is fed with power in an unbalanced state via a feed line, e.g. coaxial cable at feedpoint 11. An inner conductor of the feed line is connected to the first end of first antenna element 1, whereas an outer conductor of the feed line is connected to connection point P1 on ground conductor GND. A part of a segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is disposed along ground conductor GND. Likewise, a part of a segment between the second end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is disposed along ground conductor GND. In the example of FIG. 1, first antenna element 1 has bends midway, and the portions of predetermined lengths from the respective bends to fold P3 are disposed along an x-axis. Second antenna element 2 branches off first antenna element 1 at branch point P2 that is disposed on the segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1. Second antenna element 2 is disposed between the portions of first antenna element 1 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND. In the example of FIG. 1, second antenna element 2 is disposed along the x-axis.

(35) The antenna unit of FIG. 1 may further include matching circuit 12 between feedpoint 11 and branch point P2 on first antenna element 1.

(36) The segment between the first end (adjacent to feedpoint 11) and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 resonates at frequency f1 (which is also referred to as a first frequency in this specification). Thus, the segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 has an electrical length of substantially one quarter of wavelength 1 corresponding to frequency f1. Second antenna element 2 and the segment between the first end and branch point P2 of first antenna element 1 resonate at frequency f2 (which is also referred to as a second frequency in this specification) that is higher than frequency f1. Thus, second antenna element 2 and the segment between the first end and branch point P2 of first antenna element 1 have an electrical length of substantially one quarter of wavelength 2 corresponding to frequency f2.

(37) 1-2. Operation

(38) FIG. 2 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 1. The antenna unit of FIG. 1 includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, and thus can operate on two frequency bands. With reference to FIG. 2, in a frequency band containing frequency f1, the antenna unit resonates at two frequencies, and a frequency band containing frequency f2 is relatively narrow.

(39) A decrease in the specific absorption rate (SAR) for the antenna unit of FIG. 1 will now be described.

(40) Electronic devices that serve as portable wireless communication tools are used near the human body. As a result, some radiation power from the antenna of the device is absorbed by the human body. The SAR is a measure of the amount of this absorption and is represented by the following equation (1) using electrical conductivity , density , and magnetic field intensity E.
SAR=/(2)|E|.sup.2(1)

(41) The SAR is high in a vicinity of an area (a peak) where high-frequency currents crowd on a conductor. Thus, distributing peak high-frequency currents over the conductor leads to a decrease in the SAR. Since wavelength decreases with an increase in frequency, currents crowd in a small area on a conductor, and the SAR is high especially in the vicinity of the area. Consequently, in the antenna unit of FIG. 1, electric currents tend to be locally concentrated on second antenna element 2 rather than first antenna element 1 that resonates at frequency f1 because second antenna element 2 resonates at higher frequency f2.

(42) Magnetic field intensity E is in inverse proportion to distance. Thus, according to the equation (1), the SAR comes down with an increase in distance between the antenna and the human body. Presumably, when the antenna unit of FIG. 1 is used in an electronic device, other internal components of the electronic device are disposed at a negative side relative to ground conductor GND in the Z-threction, and a casing of the electronic device and a part external to the casing (i.e. the human body of a user of the electronic device) are disposed at a positive side relative to first antenna element 1 in the Z-threction. In the antenna unit of FIG. 1, second antenna element 2 is disposed between first antenna element 1 and ground conductor GND and is thereby kept away from the human body. This configuration can limit a rise in SAR even if electric currents of frequency f2 are flowing into second antenna element 2.

(43) 1-3. Variation

(44) FIG. 3 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a variation of the first exemplary embodiment. The second end of first antenna element 1 is connected to connection point P4 on ground conductor GND via trap circuit 13. Trap circuit 13 exhibits low impedance at frequency f1 and high impedance at frequency f2.

(45) FIG. 4 is a circuit diagram illustrating a configuration of trap circuit 13 in FIG. 3. Trap circuit 13 includes capacitor C1 and inductor L1 in parallel, as well as another capacitor C2 connected in series with these parallel-connected parts. FIG. 5 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of reactance versus frequency of trap circuit 13 in FIG. 3. Reactance in trap circuit 13 represents impedance in trap circuit 13. With reference to FIG. 5, trap circuit 13 exhibits high impedance over frequency band F2 containing frequency f2 and low impedance over frequency band F1 containing frequency f1. The antenna unit of FIG. 3 includes trap circuit 13 and thereby disconnects the second end of first antenna element 1 from connection point P4 at frequency f2 in terms of high frequencies. This causes first antenna element 1, a folded monopole antenna, to show self-balancing behavior and limits the influence of first antenna element 1 on second antenna element 2. This in turn enables second antenna element 2 to cover a wide frequency band.

(46) 1-4. Effects and Others

(47) The antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment includes ground conductor GND, first antenna element 1, and second antenna element 2. First antenna element 1 includes the first end connected to feedpoint 11, the second end connected to connection point P4 on ground conductor GND, and fold P3 disposed between the first and the second ends. A part of a segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is disposed along ground conductor GND. Second antenna element 2 branches off first antenna element 1 at branch point P2 that is disposed on the segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1. Second antenna element 2 is disposed between the parts of first antenna element 1 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND. The segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 resonates at frequency f1. Second antenna element 2 and the segment between the first end and branch point P2 of first antenna element 1 resonate at frequency f2 that is higher than frequency f1.

(48) The antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, and thus can operate on two frequency bands. In the antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment, second antenna element 2 is disposed between first antenna element 1 and ground conductor GND. This configuration can limit a rise in SAR during operation on any of the frequency bands.

(49) In the antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment, second antenna element 2 is disposed between first antenna element 1 and ground conductor GND. This configuration allows the antenna unit to come down in size, especially profile (height) along a z-axis in FIG. 1.

(50) In the antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment, first antenna element 1, which resonates at low frequencies and thus needs to have large dimensions, is relatively remote from ground conductor GND. This configuration enables the antenna unit to achieve high radiation efficiency both at frequencies f1 and f2.

(51) In the antenna unit according to the first exemplary embodiment, the second end of first antenna element 1 may be connected to connection point P4 on ground conductor GND via trap circuit 13. Trap circuit 13 exhibits low impedance at frequency f1 and high impedance at frequency f2.

(52) In the first exemplary embodiment, the antenna unit that includes trap circuit 13 can exhibit wideband characteristics both at frequencies f1 and f2.

(53) 2. Second Exemplary Embodiment

(54) With reference to FIGS. 6 and 7, an antenna unit according to a second exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(55) 2-1. Configuration

(56) FIG. 6 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of the antenna unit according to the second exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 6 is equivalent to the antenna unit of FIG. 1 that includes short-circuit element 14 as a replacement for matching circuit 12. Short-circuit element 14 connects a point (connection point P5) on a segment between a first end (adjacent to feedpoint 11) and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 with a point (connection point P6) on a segment between a second end (adjacent to connection point P4) and fold P3 of first antenna element 1. A closed-loop circuit formed of first antenna element 1 and short-circuit element 14 has electrical length a that differs both from integer multiples of wavelength 1 for frequency f1 and integer multiples of wavelength 2 for frequency f2.

(57) 2-2. Operation

(58) The antenna unit of FIG. 6 includes the closed-loop circuit formed of first antenna element 1 and short-circuit element 14 and thus has an effect of matching the impedance of first antenna element 1. This allows the antenna unit to remove matching circuit 12 of FIG. 1, i.e. a lumped parameter circuit, and provide improved radiation efficiency. The closed-loop circuit has electrical length a that differs both from integer multiples of wavelength 1 and integer multiples of wavelength 2. This configuration prevents the closed-loop circuit from resonating and reduces the occurrence of a decrease in radiation efficiency at frequencies f1 and f2.

(59) 2-3. Variation

(60) FIG. 7 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a variation of the second exemplary embodiment. Short-circuit element 14 in FIG. 6 may include reactance element 15. The antenna unit of FIG. 7 includes short-circuit element 14, which is omitted for the sake of simplified illustration, and reactance element 15 inserted between connection points P5 and P6. Reactance element 15 is selected such that the closed-loop circuit has a desired electrical length. Reactance element 15 may be selected such that the impedance of first antenna element 1 is matched. Reactance element 15 may exhibit different characteristics at different frequencies f1 and f2.

(61) With reference to FIG. 7, the antenna unit may have the closed-loop circuit and matching circuit 12 in combination to match the impedance of first antenna element 1.

(62) 2-4. Effects and Others

(63) The antenna unit according to the second exemplary embodiment further includes short-circuit element 14 that connects the point on the segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 with the point on the segment between the second end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1. The closed-loop circuit formed of first antenna element 1 and short-circuit element 14 has an electrical length that differs both from integer multiples of the wavelength for frequency f1 and integer multiples of the wavelength for frequency f2.

(64) In the antenna unit according to the second exemplary embodiment, short-circuit element 14 may include reactance element 15.

(65) The antenna unit according to the second exemplary embodiment includes the closed-loop circuit and thus displays improved radiation properties.

(66) The antenna unit according to the second exemplary embodiment includes the closed-loop circuit and thus prevents reverse phase currents from flowing between first and second antenna elements 1 and 2. This configuration allows the antenna unit to come down in size by having these antenna elements adjacent to each other.

(67) 3. Third Exemplary Embodiment

(68) With reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, an antenna unit according to a third exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(69) 3-1. Configuration

(70) FIG. 8 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of the antenna unit according to the third exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 8 is equivalent to the antenna unit of FIG. 1 that further includes parasitic element 3. In this specification, parasitic element 3 is also referred to as a first passive element. Parasitic element 3 has a first end and a second end. Parasitic element 3 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that the first end is electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1 and the second end is remoter from feedpoint 11 than the first end. Parasitic element 3 has no electrical connection with ground conductor GND and other conductors.

(71) Parasitic element 3 may be disposed along ground conductor GND. In the example of FIG. 8, parasitic element 3 is disposed along an x-axis.

(72) Parasitic element 3 resonates at frequency f3 (which is also referred to as a third frequency in this specification) that is other than frequencies f1 and f2. Thus, parasitic element 3 has an electrical length that is between substantially one quarter and substantially one half of wavelength 3 corresponding to frequency f3. Frequency f3 is close to frequency f2 such that parasitic element 3 resonates at frequency f2 as well to some extent. Frequency f3 is higher than frequency f1.

(73) 3-2. Operation

(74) FIG. 9 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 8. The antenna unit of FIG. 8 includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 as well as parasitic element 3, and thus can operate on three frequency bands. With reference to FIG. 9, in a frequency band containing frequency f1, the antenna unit resonates at two frequencies, and a frequency band containing frequencies f2 and f3 is wide.

(75) A decrease in the SAR for the antenna unit of FIG. 8 will now be described.

(76) FIG. 10 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 8 operating at frequency f2. Electric currents of frequency f2 flow into first antenna element 1 as well as second antenna element 2 from feedpoint 11 via branch point P2. If frequencies f2 and f3 are close to each other, electric currents of frequency f2 that have flowed into first antenna element 1 flow to parasitic element 3 by means of electromagnetic coupling between first antenna element 1 and parasitic element 3. As described above, parasitic element 3 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that one of the ends of parasitic element 3 is remote from feedpoint 11. This configuration allows electric currents of frequency f2 to flow from feedpoint 11 to the remote end of parasitic element 3 and thus distributes electric currents of frequency f2 to a wider range than another configuration without parasitic element 3. The antenna unit of FIG. 8 allows electric currents of frequency f2 to flow into parasitic element 3, and thereby lowers the level of current crowding on second antenna element 2 and limits a rise in SAR more effectively than the antenna unit of FIG. 1.

(77) The distance between parasitic element 3 and second antenna element 2 is larger than the distance between parasitic element 3 and first antenna element 1 in order that second antenna element 2 resonates at frequency f2 without interference. This configuration hinders electric currents of frequency f2 from directly flowing from second antenna element 2 to parasitic element 3.

(78) FIG. 11 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 8 operating at frequency f3. Electric currents of frequency f3 flow from feedpoint 11 to first antenna element 1 and then flow to parasitic element 3 by means of electromagnetic coupling between first antenna element 1 and parasitic element 3. As a result, parasitic element 3 resonates at frequency f3. Electric currents of frequency f3 not only crowd on parasitic element 3 but also flow to first antenna element 1. This configuration distributes peak electric currents over the elements and thus limits a rise in SAR.

(79) While the antenna unit of FIG. 8 is operating at frequency f1, electric currents of frequency f1 flow from feedpoint 11 into first antenna element 1. If frequencies f1 and f3 are not close to each other, parasitic element 3 does not resonate at frequency f1, and electric currents of frequency f1 that have flowed into first antenna element 1 do not flow to parasitic element 3. Nevertheless, since wavelength 1 corresponding to frequency f1 is longer than wavelengths 2, 3 corresponding to frequencies f2, f3, electric currents are less inclined to crowd on first antenna element 1 resonating at frequency f1 than second antenna element 2 resonating at frequency f2 and parasitic element 3 resonating at frequency f3. Thus, the antenna unit can limit a rise in SAR even if electric currents of frequency f1 are flowing into first antenna element 1.

(80) 3-3. Effects and Others

(81) The antenna unit according to the third exemplary embodiment further includes parasitic element 3. Parasitic element 3 has the first and the second ends, and is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that the first end is electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1 and the second end is remoter from feedpoint 11 than the first end. Parasitic element 3 has no electrical connection with ground conductor GND. Parasitic element 3 resonates at frequency f3 other than frequencies f1 and f2.

(82) The antenna unit according to the third exemplary embodiment includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as parasitic element 3, and thus can operate on three frequency bands despite small size. The antenna unit according to the third exemplary embodiment has parasitic element 3 and thus can limit a rise in SAR during operation on any of the frequency bands.

(83) 4. Fourth Exemplary Embodiment

(84) With reference to FIGS. 12 to 16, an antenna unit according to a fourth exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(85) 4-1. Configuration

(86) FIG. 12 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of the antenna unit according to the fourth exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 12 is equivalent to the antenna unit of FIG. 1 that further includes ground element 4. In this specification, ground element 4 is also referred to as a second passive element. Ground element 4 has a first end that is electrically connected to connection point P7 on ground conductor GND and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1. Ground element 4 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that the first end of ground element 4 is remoter from feedpoint 11 than the second end of ground element 4.

(87) Ground element 4 may be partly disposed along ground conductor GND. In the example of FIG. 12, ground element 4 has a bend midway, and a portion of a predetermined length containing the bend and the second end of ground element 4 (the end electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1) is disposed along an x-axis.

(88) Ground element 4 may be connected to ground conductor GND via reactance circuit 16 that exhibits high impedance at frequency f1.

(89) Ground element 4 resonates at frequency f4 (which is also referred to as a fourth frequency in this specification) that is other than frequencies f1 and f2. Thus, ground element 4 has an electrical length of substantially one quarter of wavelength 4 corresponding to frequency f4. Frequency f4 is close to frequency f2 such that ground element 4 resonates at frequency f2 as well to some extent. Frequency f4 is higher than frequency f1.

(90) Frequency f4 is approximately one and a half times as high as frequency f1, for example.

(91) 4-2. Operation

(92) FIG. 13 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 12. The antenna unit of FIG. 12 includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2 as well as ground element 4, and thus can operate on three frequency bands. With reference to FIG. 13, in a frequency band containing frequency f1, the antenna unit resonates at two frequencies, and a frequency band containing frequencies f2 and f4 is wide.

(93) A decrease in the SAR for the antenna unit of FIG. 12 will now be described.

(94) FIG. 14 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 12 operating at frequency f2. Electric currents of frequency f2 flow into first antenna element 1 as well as second antenna element 2 from feedpoint 11. If frequencies f2 and f4 are close to each other, electric currents of frequency f2 that have flowed into first antenna element 1 flow to ground element 4 by means of electromagnetic coupling between first antenna element 1 and ground element 4. Electric currents of frequency f2 that have flowed into ground element 4 flow to ground conductor GND via connection point P7. As described above, ground element 4 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that one of the ends of ground element 4 is remote from feedpoint 11. This configuration allows electric currents of frequency f2 to flow from feedpoint 11 to the remote end of ground element 4 and thus distributes electric currents of frequency f2 to a wider range than another configuration without ground element 4. The antenna unit of FIG. 12 allows electric currents of frequency f2 to flow into ground element 4 and ground conductor GND, and thereby lowers the level of current crowding on second antenna element 2 and limits a rise in SAR more effectively than the antenna units of FIGS. 1 and 8.

(95) The distance between ground element 4 and second antenna element 2 is larger than the distance between ground element 4 and first antenna element 1 in order that second antenna element 2 resonates at frequency f2 without interference. This configuration hinders electric currents of frequency f2 from directly flowing from second antenna element 2 to ground element 4.

(96) FIG. 15 is a drawing illustrating a flow of electricity in the antenna unit of FIG. 12 operating at frequency f4. Electric currents of frequency f4 flow from feedpoint 11 to first antenna element 1 and then flow to ground element 4 by means of electromagnetic coupling between first antenna element 1 and ground element 4. The electric currents of frequency f4 also flow through ground conductor GND and into ground element 4 via connection point P7. As a result, ground element 4 resonates at frequency f4. The electric currents of frequency f4 not only crowd on ground element 4 but also flow to first antenna element 1 and ground conductor GND. This configuration distributes peak electric currents over the elements and thus limits a rise in SAR.

(97) While the antenna unit of FIG. 12 is operating at frequency f1, electric currents of frequency f1 flow from feedpoint 11 into first antenna element 1. If frequencies f1 and f4 are not close to each other, ground element 4 does not resonate at frequency f1, and the electric currents of frequency f1 that have flowed into first antenna element 1 do not flow to ground element 4. In the case of frequencies f1 and f4 that are close to each other, ground element 4 does not resonate at frequency f1 but resonates only at frequency f4 if ground element 4 is connected to ground conductor GND via reactance circuit 16 that exhibits high impedance at frequency f1. As described above, the antenna unit can limit a rise in SAR even if the electric currents of frequency f1 are flowing into first antenna element 1.

(98) 4-3. Variation

(99) FIG. 16 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a variation of the fourth exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 16 is equivalent to the antenna unit of FIG. 12 that further includes capacity coupler 18 between first antenna element 1 and ground element 4. A section of ground element 4 containing the second end of ground element 4 (the end electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1) is capacitively coupled to a section of first antenna element 1 containing fold P3 through capacity coupler 18 over a predetermined length. Reactance circuit 17 works to shorten the electrical length of ground element 4 at frequency f4. Thus, reactance circuit 17 includes a capacitor.

(100) Since capacity coupler 18 is disposed between first antenna element 1 and ground element 4, electromagnetic coupling between first antenna element 1 and ground element 4 is strengthened. This configuration facilitates the flow of electric currents of frequencies f2 and f4 between first antenna element 1 and ground element 4 and reduces the occurrence of current crowding.

(101) The length of ground element 4 may be increased to distribute electric currents of a certain frequency over a wider range rather than letting the electric currents crowd in a narrow range. The length of ground element 4 may be increased to extend the distance from feedpoint 11 to the first end of ground element 4 (the end electrically connected to connection point P7 on ground conductor GND) and enable the antenna unit to cover a wide frequency band. The length of ground element 4 needs to be increased to have capacity coupler 18 installed. Even if the length of ground element 4 is longer than substantially one quarter of wavelength 4 corresponding to frequency f4 for any of these purposes, ground element 4 resonates at frequency f4 because of reactance circuit 17 that shortens the electrical length of ground element 4.

(102) 4-4. Effects and Others

(103) The antenna unit according to the fourth exemplary embodiment further includes ground element 4. Ground element 4 has the first end that is electrically connected to connection point P7 on ground conductor GND and the second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1. Ground element 4 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that the first end of ground element 4 is remoter from feedpoint 11 than the second end of ground element 4. Ground element 4 resonates at frequency f4 other than frequencies f1 and f2.

(104) In the antenna unit according to the fourth exemplary embodiment, ground element 4 may be connected to ground conductor GND via reactance circuit 16 or 17. Reactance circuit 16 or 17 exhibits high impedance at frequency f1.

(105) In the antenna unit according to the fourth exemplary embodiment, a section of ground element 4 containing the second end of ground element 4 may be capacitively coupled to a section of first antenna element 1 containing fold P3 over a predetermined length. Reactance circuit 16 or 17 works to shorten the electrical length of ground element 4 at frequency f4.

(106) The antenna unit according to the fourth exemplary embodiment includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as ground element 4, and thus can operate on three frequency bands despite small size. The antenna unit according to the fourth exemplary embodiment has ground element 4 and thus can limit a rise in SAR during operation on any of the frequency bands. The antenna unit that further includes reactance circuit 16 or 17 allows ground element 4 to longitudinally overlap first antenna element 1. This configuration encourages the flow of electric currents to ground element 4 and distributes peak electric currents over the elements more effectively, leading to a further reduction in SAR.

(107) 5. Fifth Exemplary Embodiment

(108) With reference to FIGS. 17 and 18, an antenna unit according to a fifth exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(109) 5-1. Configuration

(110) FIG. 17 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of the antenna unit according to the fifth exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 17 is a combination of the third and fourth exemplary embodiments and includes both parasitic element 3 in FIG. 8 and ground element 4 in FIG. 12.

(111) Parasitic element 3 is disposed along ground conductor GND, whereas a part of ground element 4 is disposed along ground conductor GND. Parasitic element 3 is disposed between the part of ground element 4 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND.

(112) 5-2. Operation

(113) FIG. 18 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit of FIG. 17. Frequencies f2 and f4 are higher than frequency f1. Frequency f3 is higher than frequencies f2 and f4. The antenna unit of FIG. 17 includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as parasitic element 3 and ground element 4, and thus can operate on four frequency bands.

(114) While the antenna unit of FIG. 17 is operating at frequency f2, electric currents of frequency f2 flow into parasitic element 3 and ground element 4. This configuration lowers the level of current crowding on second antenna element 2 and limits a rise in SAR.

(115) As described in the third and fourth exemplary embodiments, the antenna unit of FIG. 17 limits a rise in SAR while the antenna unit is operating at any of frequencies f3 and f4.

(116) As described above, parasitic element 3 has an electrical length of substantially one half of wavelength 3 corresponding to frequency f3, whereas ground element 4 has an electrical length of substantially one quarter of wavelength 4 corresponding to frequency f4. Thus, if parasitic element 3 and ground element 4 have similar dimensions, parasitic element 3 resonates at a frequency higher than (about twice) a frequency at which ground element 4 resonates, and electric currents are more crowded on parasitic element 3. In the antenna unit of FIG. 17, parasitic element 3 is disposed between the part of ground element 4 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND such that the antenna unit limits a rise in SAR even if electric currents of frequency f3 are flowing into parasitic element 3. This configuration has parasitic element 3 kept away from the human body and thus can limit a rise in SAR even if electric currents of frequency f3 are flowing into parasitic element 3.

(117) 5-3. Effects and Others

(118) The antenna unit according to the fifth exemplary embodiment includes both parasitic element 3 and ground element 4.

(119) In the antenna unit according to the fifth exemplary embodiment, parasitic element 3 may be disposed along ground conductor GND, and a part of ground element 4 may be disposed along ground conductor GND. Parasitic element 3 is disposed between the part of ground element 4 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND.

(120) The antenna unit according to the fifth exemplary embodiment includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as parasitic element 3 and ground element 4, and thus can operate on four frequency bands despite small size. The antenna unit according to the fifth exemplary embodiment has parasitic element 3 and ground element 4, and thus can limit a rise in SAR during operation on any of the frequency bands.

(121) 6. Sixth Exemplary Embodiment

(122) With reference to FIG. 19, an antenna unit according to a sixth exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(123) 6-1. Configuration

(124) FIG. 19 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of the antenna unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 19 is equivalent to the antenna unit of FIG. 1 that further includes passive element 5. Passive element 5 has a first end that is electrically connected to connection point P7 on ground conductor GND via reactance circuit 19 and a second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1. Passive element 5 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that the first end of passive element 5 is remoter from feedpoint 11 than the second end of passive element 5. Reactance circuit 19 exhibits high impedance at frequency f3 other than frequencies f1 and f2, and low impedance at frequency f4 other than frequencies f1, f2 and f3. Reactance circuit 19 acts as a filter circuit that substantially blocks electrical currents of frequency f4.

(125) Passive element 5 resonates at frequencies f3 and f4. Thus, passive element 5 has an electrical length that is between substantially one quarter and substantially one half of wavelength 3 corresponding to frequency f3 and an electrical length of substantially one quarter of wavelength 4 corresponding to frequency f4.

(126) 6-2. Operation

(127) While the antenna unit of FIG. 19 is operating at frequency f3, passive element 5 acts as parasitic element 3 in the third exemplary embodiment. While the antenna unit of FIG. 19 is operating at frequency f4, passive element 5 acts as ground element 4 in the fourth exemplary embodiment. The antenna unit of FIG. 19 includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as passive element 5, and thus can operate on four frequency bands in like manner with the antenna unit of the fifth exemplary embodiment.

(128) While the antenna unit of FIG. 19 is operating at frequency f2, electric currents of frequency f2 flow into passive element 5. This configuration lowers the level of current crowding on second antenna element 2 and limits a rise in SAR.

(129) As described in the third and third exemplary embodiments, the antenna unit of FIG. 19 limits a rise in SAR while the antenna unit is operating at any of frequencies f3 and f4.

(130) 6-3. Effects and Others

(131) The antenna unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment further includes passive element 5. Passive element 5 has the first end that is electrically connected to connection point P7 on ground conductor GND via reactance circuit 19 and the second end that is disposed so as to be electromagnetically coupled to fold P3 of first antenna element 1. Passive element 5 is disposed relative to first antenna element 1 such that the first end of passive element 5 is remoter from feedpoint 11 than the second end of passive element 5. Reactance circuit 19 exhibits high impedance at frequency f3 other than frequencies f1 and f2, and low impedance at frequency f4 other than frequencies f1, f2 and f3. Passive element 5 resonates at frequencies f3 and f4.

(132) The antenna unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as passive element 5, and thus can operate on four frequency bands despite small size. The antenna unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment has passive element 5 and thus can limit a rise in SAR during operation on any of the frequency bands. The antenna unit according to the sixth exemplary embodiment has single passive element 5 that integrates parasitic element 3 in the third exemplary embodiment with ground element 4 in the fourth exemplary embodiment. This configuration allows the antenna unit to come down in size.

(133) 7. Seventh Exemplary Embodiment

(134) With reference to FIGS. 20 to 22, an electronic device according to a seventh exemplary embodiment will now be described.

(135) 7-1. Configuration

(136) FIG. 20 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment. The electronic device of FIG. 20 includes an antenna unit according to any of the first to sixth exemplary embodiments, casing 21 having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other, and display 22 provided on the first surface of casing 21. Hereafter, the first surface of casing 21 (at a negative side in the Y-direction in FIG. 20) is referred to as a front surface, and the second surface of casing 21 (at a positive side in the Y-direction in FIG. 20) is referred to as a rear surface. In the example of FIG. 20, the electronic device includes the antenna unit of the fifth exemplary embodiment.

(137) If the electronic device is, for example, a tablet-type electronic device equipped with a display, the rear surface of the electronic device is presumably held by a user's hand or other body part while the device is in use. Consequently, the necessity to reduce the occurrence of a rise in SAR is greater at the rear surface than at the front surface of the electronic device. Since frequency f2 at which second antenna element 2 resonates is higher than frequency f1 at which first antenna element 1 resonates, second antenna element 2 is closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21. This configuration keeps second antenna element 2 away from the human body.

(138) Feedpoint 11 may be closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21, and connection point P4 may be closer to the second surface than to the first surface of casing 21. Feedpoint 11 and connection point P4 that are away from each other enable the antenna unit to cover a wide frequency band.

(139) A part of a segment between a first end (adjacent to feedpoint 11) and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is disposed at a distance from ground conductor GND, whereas a part of a segment between a second end (adjacent to connection point P4) and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is disposed at a distance from ground conductor GND. Both the distances may be substantially equal to each other. In other words, out of the segments of first antenna element 1, the respective parts disposed along ground conductor GND (along an x-axis) may be disposed at a substantially identical distance from ground conductor GND. In this configuration, the segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21, whereas the segment between the second end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 is closer to the second surface than to the first surface of casing 21. This configuration, in which the parts disposed along ground conductor GND are disposed at a substantially identical distance from ground conductor GND, allows the antenna unit to come down in size, especially profile along a z-axis in FIG. 20.

(140) If the electronic device is equipped with the antenna unit of the third exemplary embodiment, parasitic element 3 may be closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21.

(141) If the electronic device is equipped with the antenna unit of the fourth exemplary embodiment, ground element 4 may be closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21.

(142) If the electronic device is equipped with the antenna unit of the fifth exemplary embodiment, any one of parasitic element 3 and ground element 4, whichever resonates at a higher frequency, may be closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21. If the interior of casing 21 has dimensional allowance, both parasitic element 3 and ground element 4 may be closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21.

(143) If the electronic device is equipped with the antenna unit of the sixth exemplary embodiment, passive element 5 may be closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21.

(144) FIG. 21 is a perspective view illustrating example implementation of the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment. The electronic device of FIG. 21 includes the antenna unit of the fourth exemplary embodiment. First and second antenna elements 1 and 2, and ground element 4 of the antenna unit are constituted as patterns of copper foil formed on dielectric substrate 31, i.e. a flexible substrate, for example. The patterns of copper foil formed on dielectric substrate 31 may further include a part of ground conductor GND. Dielectric substrate 31 is fasten to casing 21 with screws 32, 33. If casing 21 is metallic, ground element 4 and ground conductor GND on dielectric substrate 31 are electrically connected to casing 21 via screws 32, 33. If casing 21 is dielectric, ground element 4 and ground conductor GND on dielectric substrate 31 are connected to a metallic chassis or any conductive part inside casing 21 of the electronic device. Connection point P1 is connected to a wireless communications circuit in casing 21 of the electronic device via coaxial cable 34. Casing 21 has a recess for accommodating the antenna unit. The antenna unit provided on the recess is covered with covering 21a made from a dielectric (e.g. a synthetic resin).

(145) In the electronic device of FIG. 21, dielectric substrate 31 may be bent. This configuration, if the antenna unit of FIG. 12 is put in the electronic device of the seventh exemplary embodiment, allows the parts of first antenna element 1 disposed along the x-axis to be disposed at a substantially identical distance from ground conductor GND. This configuration also allows second antenna element 2 and ground element 4 to be closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21.

(146) 7-2. Operation

(147) FIG. 22 is a schematic graph illustrating a profile of VSWR versus frequency of the antenna unit in the electronic device of FIG. 21. The antenna unit of FIG. 21 includes first and second antenna elements 1 and 2, as well as ground element 4, and thus can operate on three frequency bands in like manner with the antenna unit of FIG. 12.

(148) 7-3. Effects and Others

(149) The electronic device in the seventh exemplary embodiment includes any one of the antenna units according to the first to sixth exemplary embodiments.

(150) The electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment may include casing 21 having a first surface and a second surface opposite to each other and display 22 provided on the first surface of casing 21. Second antenna element 2 may be closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21.

(151) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, feedpoint 11 may be closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21, and connection point P4 may be closer to the second surface than to the first surface of casing 21.

(152) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, the part of the segment between the first end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 and the part of the segment between the second end and fold P3 of first antenna element 1 may be disposed at a substantially identical distance from ground conductor GND.

(153) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, parasitic element 3 may be closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21.

(154) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, ground element 4 may be closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21.

(155) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, passive element 5 may be closer to the first surface than to the second surface of casing 21.

(156) The electronic device in the seventh exemplary embodiment includes any of the antenna units according to the first to sixth exemplary embodiments and thus can operate on a plurality of frequency bands despite small size.

(157) The electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment can limit a rise in SAR during operation on any of the frequency bands since at least one of second antenna element 2, parasitic element 3, ground element 4, and passive element 5 is closer to the front surface than to the rear surface of casing 21. The electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment can limit a rise in SAR especially at the rear surface of casing 21.

(158) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, feedpoint 11 and connection point P4 are away from each other. This configuration enables the antenna unit to cover a wide frequency band.

(159) In the electronic device according to the seventh exemplary embodiment, the parts disposed along ground conductor GND are disposed at a substantially identical distance from ground conductor GND. This configuration allows the antenna unit to come down in size.

Example

(160) FIG. 23 is a schematic view illustrating a configuration of an antenna unit according to a comparative example. The antenna unit of FIG. 23 includes ground conductor GND, first antenna element 101, and second antenna element 102.

(161) First and second antenna elements 101 and 102 are each an open-ended monopole antenna. First antenna element 101 is an inverted-L antenna. Second antenna element 102 branches off first antenna element 101 at branch point P2. In the antenna unit of FIG. 1, second antenna element 2 is disposed between the parts of first antenna element 1 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND. In the antenna unit of FIG. 23, second antenna element 102 is disposed on an opposite side of first antenna element 101 from ground conductor GND.

(162) The antenna unit of FIG. 23 further includes matching circuit 12 between feedpoint 11 and branch point P2 on first antenna element 101.

(163) First antenna element 101 resonates at frequency f1. Second antenna element 102 and a segment between feedpoint P1 and branch point P2 of first antenna element 101 resonate at frequency f2.

(164) FIG. 24 is a schematic graph illustrating profiles of antenna efficiency versus frequency of the antenna units of FIGS. 1, 16, and 23. The antenna efficiency is a ratio of the power radiated from an antenna unit relative to the power delivered to the antenna unit and literally represents the efficiency of the antenna unit. Generally, antenna units with higher antenna efficiencies are preferable. The antenna units of FIGS. 1 and 16 had higher antenna efficiencies than the antenna unit of FIG. 23 at frequency band f1. In the antenna unit of FIG. 16, the short circuit between connection points P5, P6 contributes to improvement in antenna efficiency, while a loss generated on trap circuit 13 at frequency f1 impairs performance. Consequently, the antenna units of FIGS. 1 and 16 exhibited comparable antenna efficiencies. At frequency band f2, the antenna unit of FIG. 23 exhibited a higher antenna efficiency than the antenna unit of FIG. 1, and the antenna unit of FIG. 16 exhibited a higher antenna efficiency than the antenna unit of FIG. 23. This is because of ground element 4 enhancing radiation efficiency, as well as trap circuit 13 enabling the antenna unit to deliver performance on a par with a monopole antenna.

(165) FIG. 25 is a schematic graph illustrating SAR values for the antenna units of FIGS. 1, 16, and 23. FIG. 25 shows SAR values measured for the antenna units of FIGS. 1, 16, and 23 when a human body phantom comes nearer to each of the units from upward (a positive side in the Z-direction). As a general trend, SAR values were higher (worse) at frequency f2, a higher frequency, than at frequency f1. The antenna units of FIGS. 1, 16, and 23 showed no large difference in SAR at frequency f1. At frequency f2, the antenna unit of FIG. 1 exhibited a low SAR than the antenna unit of FIG. 23. This is because in the antenna unit of FIG. 1, second antenna element 2 is disposed between the parts of first antenna element 1 disposed along ground conductor GND and ground conductor GND. At frequency f2, the antenna unit of FIG. 16 exhibited a substantially low SAR than the antenna unit of FIG. 1. This is because electric currents on first antenna element 1 are distributed into ground element 4.

(166) Other Exemplary Embodiments

(167) The first to seventh exemplary embodiments described above are provided to illustrate technologies disclosed in this patent application. Technologies according to the present disclosure, however, can be applied to any variations to which change, replacement, addition, omission, or the like are appropriately made, other than the exemplary embodiments. A new exemplary embodiment can be made by combining some structural elements in any of the first to seventh exemplary embodiments described above.

(168) In light of this, other exemplary embodiments will now be shown.

(169) The first to sixth exemplary embodiments each have flat-shaped ground conductor GND as a conductive ground plate, for example. The conductive ground plate may be a predetermined area on a metallic chassis of an electronic device, however, and may have any shape other than the flat shape, with proviso that a second antenna element is disposed between a first antenna element and the conductive ground plate.

(170) FIG. 9 shows an instance in which frequency f3 is higher than frequency f2. But frequency f3 may be lower than frequency f2. Likewise, FIG. 13 shows an instance in which frequency f4 is higher than frequency f2. But frequency f4 may be lower than frequency f2. FIG. 18 shows an instance in which frequency f3 is higher than frequency f4. But frequency f4 may be higher than frequency f3.

(171) The exemplary embodiments described above are provided to illustrate technologies according to the present disclosure. For that purpose, the accompanying drawings and detailed description are provided.

(172) Consequently, the accompanying drawings and detailed description provided to illustrate the technologies described above may include structural elements that are not essential for resolving problems as well as those essential for resolving problems. Thus, these non-essential structural elements, if they are included in the accompanying drawings or detailed description, should not be construed as essential structural elements.

(173) Since the exemplary embodiments described above are provided to illustrate technologies according to the present disclosure, various kinds of change, replacement, addition, omission, or the like may be made to these exemplary embodiments without departing from the scope of the claims and equivalents thereof.

INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY

(174) An antenna unit according to the present disclosure can operate on multiple bands of frequencies and is very effective among multiband antennas if the antenna unit is required to operate on a wider range of frequencies. The antenna unit according to the present disclosure can limit a rise in SAR and readily satisfy SAR-specific regulatory requirements. The present disclosure can provide an epoch-making antenna unit that enables a tablet-type terminal equipped with a multiband antenna, for example, to fulfill contradicting demands, i.e. improvement in wireless performance and a decrease in SAR, at high level and achieve space savings.

REFERENCE MARKS IN THE DRAWINGS

(175) 1 first antenna element

(176) 2 second antenna element

(177) 3 parasitic element

(178) 4 ground element

(179) 5 passive element

(180) 11 feedpoint

(181) 12 matching circuit

(182) 13 trap circuit

(183) 14 short-circuit element

(184) 15 reactance element

(185) 16, 17, 19 reactance circuit

(186) 18 capacity coupler

(187) 21 casing

(188) 21a covering

(189) 22 display

(190) 31 dielectric substrate

(191) 32, 33 screw

(192) 34 coaxial cable

(193) GND ground conductor

(194) P1, P4, P5, P6, P7 connection point

(195) P2 branch point

(196) P3 fold