Compressor-impeller fixing nut, impeller assembly, and supercharger

Abstract

A compressor-impeller fixing nut has a tubular shape, and includes: a curved-surface shaped portion disposed in a first range from a first end side in an axial direction, the curved-surface shaped portion having an outer diameter which increases toward a second end side in the axial direction and including an outer peripheral surface having a curved shape which protrudes outward in a radial direction in a cross section along the axial direction; and a nut portion disposed in a second range closer to the second end side from the first range in the axial direction, the nut portion having an outer peripheral surface with a nut shape. An expression (D1maxD1min)/2<L is satisfied, where L is a length of the first range in the axial direction, and D1max is a maximum value and D1min is a minimum value of the outer diameter of the curved-surface shaped portion in the first range.

Claims

1. A compressor-impeller fixing nut for fixing a compressor impeller to a shaft, the compressor-impeller fixing nut having a tubular shape, and comprising: a curved-surface shaped portion disposed in a first range and extending from a first end side to a second end side in an axial direction, the curved-surface shaped portion having an outer diameter which increases toward the second end side in the axial direction and including an outer peripheral surface having a curved shape which protrudes outward in a radial direction in a cross section along the axial direction, wherein the first range is axially delimited by the first end side and the second end side; and a nut portion disposed in a second range extending from the first range in the axial direction, the nut portion having an outer peripheral surface, wherein an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<L is satisfied, where L is the length of the first range in the axial direction, and D1max is a maximum value and D1min is a minimum value of the outer diameter of the curved-surface shaped portion in the first range.

2. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 1, wherein an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<0.75 L is satisfied.

3. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 1, wherein an expression D1min/D1max<0.75 is satisfied.

4. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 1, wherein the curved-surface shaped portion includes, on the first end side in the axial direction, a vertical end surface connecting to the outer peripheral surface of the curved-surface shaped portion and intersecting with the axial direction at a right angle.

5. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 4, wherein an expression H/T2min<0.3 is satisfied, and where H is a height of the vertical end surface in the radial direction, and T2min is a minimum value of a thickness of the nut portion in the radial direction.

6. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 4, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the curved-surface shaped portion in a cross section along the axial direction includes: a first arc portion connecting to the vertical end surface and having a first radius of curvature; and a second arc portion connecting to the first arc portion on a side opposite to the vertical end surface and having a second radius of curvature which is greater than the first radius of curvature.

7. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 6, wherein a third range of the first arc portion in the axial direction is narrower than a fourth range of the second arc portion in the axial direction.

8. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 1, further comprising a flange portion extending from the nut portion in the axial direction, the flange portion protruding outward in the radial direction.

9. The compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 1, wherein the outer peripheral surface of the nut portion in a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction includes at least a pair of sides which are parallel to one another.

10. A compressor impeller assembly, comprising: a compressor impeller; a shaft inserted through a hub of the compressor impeller, the shaft including a screw portion protruding toward an upstream side of the compressor impeller in an axial direction from the hub of the compressor impeller; and the compressor-impeller fixing nut according to claim 1, configured to fix the compressor impeller to the shaft by being screwed with the screw portion.

11. The compressor impeller assembly according to claim 10, wherein a tip portion of the shaft protrudes opposite to the compressor impeller, from the compressor-impeller fixing nut.

12. The compressor impeller assembly according to claim 10, wherein a recess portion is formed on an upstream end surface of the hub of the compressor impeller with respect to an axial direction, wherein the compressor-impeller fixing nut includes: an accommodated portion disposed in a third range extending from the second end side in the axial direction and accommodated in the recess portion; and a flange portion disposed between the nut portion and the accommodated portion in the axial direction and protruding outward in the radial direction, and wherein an expression Dc>Dr is satisfied, where Dc is an outer diameter of the flange portion and Dr is an inner diameter of the recess portion.

13. The compressor impeller assembly according to claim 12, wherein an expression DcDh is satisfied, where Dh is an outer diameter of an upstream end, with respect to the axial direction, of an outer peripheral surface of the hub in the compressor impeller.

14. The compressor impeller assembly according to claim 12, wherein a gap is disposed between the flange portion and the hub.

15. A supercharger comprising the compressor impeller assembly according to claim 10.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing a supercharger 100 according to an embodiment.

(2) FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compressor impeller assembly 200 according to an embodiment.

(3) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a compressor-impeller fixing nut 16.

(4) FIG. 4 is a front view of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16.

(5) FIG. 5 is an A-A cross-sectional view of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 in FIG. 4.

(6) FIG. 6 is a diagram for describing the outer shape of a nut portion 36 in the range S22 (the shape of the outer peripheral surface 40 of the nut portion 36 in a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction).

(7) FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged cross-sectional view of the compressor impeller assembly 200 shown in FIG. 2.

(8) FIG. 8 is a diagram for describing the outer shape of a nut portion according to another embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(9) Embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It is intended, however, that unless particularly identified, dimensions, materials, shapes, relative positions and the like of components described in the embodiments shall be interpreted as illustrative only and not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

(10) For instance, an expression of relative or absolute arrangement such as in a direction, along a direction, parallel, orthogonal, centered, concentric and coaxial shall not be construed as indicating only the arrangement in a strict literal sense, but also includes a state where the arrangement is relatively displaced by a tolerance, or by an angle or a distance whereby it is possible to achieve the same function.

(11) For instance, an expression of an equal state such as same equal and uniform shall not be construed as indicating only the state in which the feature is strictly equal, but also includes a state in which there is a tolerance or a difference that can still achieve the same function.

(12) Further, for instance, an expression of a shape such as a rectangular shape or a cylindrical shape shall not be construed as only the geometrically strict shape, but also includes a shape with unevenness or chamfered corners within the range in which the same effect can be achieved.

(13) On the other hand, an expression such as comprise, include, have, contain and constitute are not intended to be exclusive of other components.

(14) FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional diagram showing a supercharger 100 according to an embodiment.

(15) As shown in FIG. 1, the supercharger 100 is an exhaust-turbine type supercharger (turbocharger), and is configured to rotate a turbine rotor 2 with exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (not depicted; diesel engine for a ship, for example) and rotate a compressor impeller 8 with the motoring force of the turbine rotor 2, and thereby compress air to be supplied to the internal combustion engine. The supercharger (turbocharger) 100 includes a turbine rotor 2, a turbine casing 4 housing the turbine rotor 2, a compressor impeller 8 coupled to the turbine rotor 2 via a shaft 6, a compressor casing 10 housing the compressor impeller 8, a bearing device 12 supporting the shaft 6, and a bearing casing 14 housing the bearing device 12. The compressor impeller 8 is fixed to the shaft 6 with a compressor-impeller fixing nut 16, and forms a compressor impeller assembly 200 with the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 and the shaft 6.

(16) In the following description, the direction of the axial direction of the shaft 6 (direction of the axial direction of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16) is simply referred to as axial direction, the radial direction of the shaft 6 (radial direction of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16) is simply referred to as radial direction, and the circumferential direction of the shaft 6 (circumferential direction of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16) is simply referred to as circumferential direction.

(17) FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a compressor impeller assembly 200 according to an embodiment.

(18) As shown in FIG. 2, the compressor impeller assembly 200 includes a compressor impeller 8, a shaft 6 inserted through the compressor impeller 8, a compressor-impeller fixing nut 16, and a washer 18.

(19) The compressor impeller 8 includes a hub 20 and a plurality of rotor blades 24 disposed on the outer peripheral surface 22 of the hub 20 at intervals in the circumferential direction.

(20) The shaft 6 includes a screw portion 28 which is inserted through an insertion hole 26 of the hub 20 and which protrudes toward the upstream side in the axial direction from the hub 20.

(21) The compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 has a cylindrical shape. The compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 pushes the compressor impeller 8 toward a step portion 32 of the shaft 6 and fixes the compressor impeller 8 to the shaft 6, by engaging with the screw portion 28 and applying a fastening force (axial force) to an end surface 30 on the upstream side of the hub 20 in the axial direction via the washer 18.

(22) FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a compressor-impeller fixing nut 16. FIG. 4 is a front view of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16. FIG. 5 is an A-A cross-sectional view of the compressor-impeller fixing nut in FIG. 4.

(23) For instance, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 5, the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 includes a curved-surface shaped portion 34 disposed in the first range S1 from a first end side (upstream side) in the axial direction, and a nut portion 36 disposed in the second range S2 closer to the second end side (downstream side) from the first range S1 in the axial direction.

(24) For instance, as shown in FIG. 5, the curved-surface shaped portion 34 has a cylindrical shape whose outer diameter D1 increases toward the second end side in the axial direction. The outer shape of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 (shape of the outer peripheral surface 38 in a cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction) has a circular shape. The outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 in a cross section along the axial direction has a curved surface shape which protrudes outward in the radial direction. Further, the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 is formed to satisfy an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<L, where L is a length of the first range S1 in the axial direction, D1max is a maximum value of the outer diameter D1 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 in the first range S1, and D1min is a minimum value of the outer diameter D1 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 in the first range S1. That is, in a cross section along the axial direction, the axial direction and a line connecting opposite ends of the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 forms an angle of less than 45 degrees.

(25) For instance, as shown in FIG. 3, the outer peripheral surface 40 of the nut portion 36 has a shape obtained by cutting a shape having a virtual outer peripheral surface 42 extended from the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 toward the second end side, at three pairs of parallel flat surfaces 44 (six surfaces in total). That is, as shown in FIG. 6, in a range S21 of the second range S2 that is adjacent to the downstream side of the first range S1, the outer peripheral surface 40 of the nut portion 36 has a shape connecting six arcs and six lines (segments) alternately in the circumferential direction, in a cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction. The six segments include three pairs of parallel sides. Furthermore, in a range S22 of the second range S2 that is adjacent to the downstream side of the range S21, the outer peripheral surface 40 of the nut portion 36 has a regular hexagonal shape in a cross-section orthogonal to the axial direction.

(26) In the compressor impeller assembly 200 including the above compressor-impeller fixing nut 16, the air flowing along the axial direction to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 flows along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 from the first end side of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16.

(27) Herein, the curved-surface shaped portion 34 is formed to have an outer diameter D1 which increases toward the second end side of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 in the axial direction (downstream side in the air flow direction of the compressor impeller assembly 200), and the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 in a cross section along the axial direction has a curved surface shape which protrudes outward in the radial direction. Thus, it is possible to guide the air flowing to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 along the axial direction to the compressor impeller 8 smoothly, along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 from the first end side of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 (upstream side in the air flow direction of the compressor impeller assembly 200).

(28) Further, as described above, the curved-surface shaped portion 34 satisfies an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<L. That is, in a cross section along the axial direction, the axial direction and a line connecting opposite ends of the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 forms an angle of less than 45 degrees. Thus, it is possible to guide the air flowing to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 along the axial direction to the compressor impeller even more smoothly, along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34.

(29) Accordingly, with the above compressor-impeller fixing nut 16, it is possible to guide the air flow smoothly to the compressor impeller 8 without using a seal cap as disclosed in Patent Document 1. Thus, it is possible to reduce energy loss of an air flow introduced into the compressor impeller 8 without increasing the complexity of the configuration of the compressor impeller assembly 200. Further, it is possible to reduce the number of components included in the compressor impeller assembly, which makes it possible to reduce the production cost and facilitate management of components.

(30) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 is formed to satisfy an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<0.75 L. More preferably, the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 may be formed to satisfy an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<0.7 L.

(31) With the above compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 satisfying an expression (D1maxD1min)/2<0.75 L, it is possible to reduce the gradient of the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 with respect to the axial direction even further. That is, it is possible to further reduce the angle formed between the axial direction and a line connecting opposite ends of the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 in a cross section along the axial direction. Accordingly, it is possible to guide the air flowing to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 along the axial direction to the compressor impeller 8 even more smoothly, along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34. Thus, it is possible to enhance the effect to reduce energy loss of an air flow introduced into the compressor impeller 8.

(32) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 is formed to satisfy an expression D1min/D1max<0.75. More preferably, the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 may be formed to satisfy an expression D1min/D1max<0.7.

(33) With the above compressor-impeller fixing nut 16, the outer peripheral surface 38 having a small gradient with respect to the axial direction as described above is formed over a broader range in the radial direction. Accordingly, it is possible to guide the air flowing to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 along the axial direction to the compressor impeller 8 even more smoothly, along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34. Thus, it is possible to enhance the effect to reduce energy loss of an air flow introduced into the compressor impeller 8.

(34) In an embodiment, as shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 for instance, the curved-surface shaped portion 34 includes a vertical end surface 46 connecting to the outer peripheral surface 38 and extending orthogonal to the axial direction, on the first end side of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 with respect to the axial direction.

(35) With the above configuration, when mounting the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 to the shaft 6, it is possible to make a mark such as a guide line easily on the vertical end surface 46, which makes it possible to understand the angle of rotation of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 easily. Thus, it is possible to keep the tightening torque of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 within a predetermined range easily, without using a torque measurement device such as a torque wrench.

(36) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, an expression H/T2min<0.3 is satisfied, where H is the height of the vertical end surface 46 in the radial direction and T2min is the minimum value of the thickness of the nut portion 36 in the radial direction.

(37) With the above configuration, the outer peripheral surface 38 having a small gradient with respect to the axial direction as described above is formed over a broader range in the radial direction. Thus, also with the configuration including the vertical end surface 46, it is possible to guide the air flowing to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 along the axial direction to the compressor impeller 8 smoothly, along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34. Further, an expression H/T2min>0.1 may be also satisfied, so that marks such as a guide line can be made easily.

(38) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 for instance, the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34 in a cross section along the axial direction includes a first arc portion 48 connecting to the vertical end surface 46 and having a first curvature radius, and a second arc portion 50 connecting to the first arc portion 48 opposite to the vertical end surface 46 and having a second curvature radius that is greater than the first curvature radius.

(39) With the above configuration, it is possible to smoothly connect the vertical end surface 46 and the second arc portion 50 having a relatively small gradient with respect to the axial direction, via the first arc portion 48 having a relatively large gradient with respect to the axial direction. Accordingly, it is possible to guide air that flows to the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 along the axial direction to the compressor impeller 8 even more smoothly, along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34.

(40) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5 for instance, the existence range of the first arc portion 48 in the axial direction is narrower than the existence range of the second arc portion 50 in the axial direction.

(41) With the above configuration, the existence range of the second arc portion 50 having a relatively small gradient with respect to the axial direction is larger than the existence range of the first arc portion 48 having a relatively large gradient with respect to the axial direction, and thus it is possible to guide the air flow even more smoothly to the compressor impeller 8 along the outer peripheral surface 38 of the curved-surface shaped portion 34.

(42) FIG. 7 is a partial enlarged view of the compressor impeller assembly 200 shown in FIG. 2.

(43) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, the tip portion 7 of the shaft 6 protrudes opposite to the compressor impeller 8 from the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 (toward the upstream side in the air flow direction).

(44) With the above configuration, upon maintenance of the supercharger 100, it is possible to measure the rotational vibration (shaft vibration) of the shaft 6 by causing a displacement sensor to approach, or make contact with, the peripheral surface 9 of the tip portion 7 of the shaft 6 protruding as described above. Further, while a seal cap needs to be removed before measuring the rotational vibration of the shaft if a bag-shaped seal cap is disposed on the tip portion of the shaft as in Patent Document 1, the above configuration makes it no longer necessary to provide the seal cap itself, and thus measurement of the rotational vibration of the shaft 6 is facilitated.

(45) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 for instance, a recess portion 52 is formed on the end surface 30 on the upstream side of the hub 20 of the compressor impeller 8 with respect to the axial direction. Further, the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 includes an accommodated portion 54 and a flange portion 56. The accommodated portion 54 is disposed in the first range S3 from the second end side of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 in the axial direction, and is accommodated in the recess portion 52. In the axial direction, the accommodated portion 54 has an end surface 58 which is in contact with the washer 18 accommodated in the recess portion 52, and the washer 18 is held between the end surface 58 of the accommodated portion 54 and the end surface 30 of the hub 20 by a fastening force (axial force) of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16. The flange portion 56 is disposed between the nut portion 36 and the accommodated portion 54 in the axial direction, and has a flange shape protruding outward in the radial direction from the outer peripheral surface 40 of the nut portion 36. Further, the flange portion 56 is formed so as to satisfy an expression Dc>Dr, where Dc is an outer diameter of the flange portion 56 and Dr is an inner diameter of the recess portion 52.

(46) With the above configuration, the accommodated portion 54, which is a part of the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16, is accommodated in the recess portion 52, and thus it is possible to reduce the length of the shaft 6. Further, since the outer diameter Dc of the flange portion 56 is larger than the inner diameter Dr of the recess portion 52, it is possible to suppress entry of air into the space 60 in the recess portion 52 with the flange portion 56, and reduce energy loss of the air flow.

(47) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7 for instance, the flange portion 56 is formed so as to satisfy an expression DcDh, where Dc is the outer diameter of the flange portion 56, and Dh is an outer diameter of an upstream end 58, with respect to the axial direction, of the outer peripheral surface 22 of the hub 20 in the compressor impeller 8.

(48) With the above configuration, the flange portion 56 does not protrude outward in the radial direction from the upstream end 58 of the outer peripheral surface 22 of the hub 20 in the compressor impeller 8, and thus it is possible to reduce the effect of the flange portion 56 on the air flow that flows toward the rotor blades 24 of the compressor impeller 8 along the axial direction.

(49) In an embodiment, as shown in FIG. 7, a gap g is disposed between the flange portion 56 and the hub 20.

(50) With the above configuration, with the gap g, it is possible to suppress generation of stress due to the difference between the thermal expansion amount of the flange portion 56 and the thermal expansion amount of the hub 20. Furthermore, even when the gap g is provided, the inflow of air into the gap g can be suppressed by the flange portion 56 itself.

(51) Embodiments of the present invention were described in detail above, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and various amendments and modifications may be implemented.

(52) For instance, it is sufficient if the outer shape of the nut portion (the shape of the outer peripheral surface of the nut portion in a cross section orthogonal to the axial direction) is a shape that can fastened by a general fastening tool such as a wrench, and the outer shape may include, for instance, a square, or a shape obtained by connecting two parallel sides with arcs protruding outward in the radial direction as shown in FIG. 8. With the outer shape of the nut portion 36 including at least a pair of parallel sides, it is possible to screw the compressor-impeller fixing nut 16 with the screw portion 28 of the shaft 6 by using a general fastening tool such as a wrench.

(53) Furthermore, application of the present invention is not limited to the above described exhaust-turbine type supercharger (turbocharger), and may be a mechanical supercharger for driving a compressor with an electric motor or power extracted from an output shaft of an internal combustion engine via a belt or the like.

DESCRIPTION OF REFERENCE NUMERALS

(54) 2 Turbine rotor 4 Turbine casing 6 Shaft 7 Tip portion 8 Compressor impeller 9 Peripheral surface 10 Compressor casing 12 Bearing device 14 Bearing casing 16 Compressor-impeller fixing nut 18 Washer 20 Hub 22, 38, 40 Outer peripheral surface 24 Rotor blade 26 Insertion hole 28 Screw portion 30, 58 End surface 32 Step portion 34 Curved-surface shaped portion 36 Nut portion 42 Virtual outer peripheral surface 44 Flat surface 46 Vertical end surface 48 First arc portion 50 Second arc portion 52 Recess portion 54 Accommodated portion 56 Flange portion 58 Upstream end 60 Space 100 Supercharger 200 Compressor impeller assembly D1, Dc Outer diameter Dr Inner diameter S1 First range S2 Second range S3 Third range S21, S2 Range g Gap