Hydraulic system

Abstract

The invention relates to a hydraulic drive (1) comprising a working cylinder (2) and a travel cylinder (3) which is mechanically connected to the working cylinder (2). The working cylinder (2) and the travel cylinder (3) each comprise an upper and a lower cylinder chamber (21, 22, 31, 32), and all four cylinder chambers (21, 22, 31, 32) of the working and travel cylinder (2, 3) are connected to one another in a suitable manner in a closed pressure circuit (4) which is filled and prestressed with a hydraulic fluid (F). A rotational speed-variable hydraulic machine (5) with a first and second pressure connection (51, 52) is arranged in the pressure circuit (4) in order to conduct the hydraulic fluid (F) between the individual cylinder chambers (21, 22, 31, 32) of the working and travel cylinder (2, 3) during the operation (B) of the hydraulic drive (1). At least one first and second distributing valve (6, 7) are arranged in the pressure circuit (4) such that the respective valve switch positions (61, 62, 71, 72, 73) which are suitable for the different operating phases of the hydraulic drive (1) together with the suitably driven hydraulic machine (5) allow a common movement of the work and travel cylinder (2, 3) in one or the other piston movement direction (R1, R2). For this purpose, preferably only the first and the second distributing valve (6, 7) are arranged in the pressure circuit (4). The hydraulic drive (1) requires a minimum number of components, maintains a low installation complexity, improves the energy efficiency, can be constructed in a compact manner, and can be operated in a sufficiently variable manner.

Claims

1. A hydraulic drive comprising: a working cylinder and a driving cylinder mechanically connected with the working cylinder, wherein the working cylinder and the driving cylinder each comprise an upper and a lower cylinder chamber and the upper and lower cylinder chambers of the working cylinder and the driving cylinder are connected with each other in a closed pressure circuit filled with a hydraulic fluid and preloaded, a hydraulic machine with a first and a second pressure connection arranged in the pressure circuit for transferring the hydraulic fluid between the individual cylinder chambers of the working cylinder and the driving cylinder during operation of the hydraulic drive, wherein the first pressure connection of the hydraulic machine is connected via a first and a second pressure line of the pressure circuit with the corresponding upper cylinder chambers of the working and driving cylinders, wherein at least a first way valve and a second way valve are arranged within the pressure circuit in such a way that each of their switch positions that are appropriate for the different operational phases of the hydraulic drive, along with the appropriately operated hydraulic machine, enable a combined movement of the working cylinder and the driving cylinder in one or the other piston movement directions, wherein the second way valve is arranged in the second pressure line to the upper cylinder chamber of the working cylinder, wherein the second way valve is a 2/3-way valve comprising three different switch positions, wherein a first switch position of the second way valve enables a two-way passage of the hydraulic fluid for short-circuiting the two upper cylinder chambers, wherein a second switch position of the second way valve is a non-return switch position, whereby the passage in the direction of the upper cylinder chamber of the driving cylinder is blocked and the flow in the reverse direction is enabled, and wherein a third switch position of the second way valve blocks the second pressure line in both directions.

2. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein the second pressure connection of the hydraulic machine is connected with the lower cylinder chambers of the working and driving cylinders via a third and a fourth pressure line of the pressure circuit without interposed way valves.

3. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein both the working cylinder and the driving cylinder are double rod cylinders with corresponding ring surfaces as piston surfaces.

4. The hydraulic drive according to claim 3, wherein the working cylinder and the driving cylinder are arranged as tandem cylinder with a combined piston rod.

5. The hydraulic drive according to claim 4, wherein the piston surfaces of the driving cylinder are smaller than the piston surfaces of the working cylinder.

6. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic machine comprises only one pump and one motor mechanically coupled with the pump for driving the pump, whereby the motor is a variable speed motor and/or the pump is a variable pump.

7. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic machine can change its direction of rotation.

8. A pressing machine, bending machine or punch machine comprising a hydraulic drive according to claim 1.

9. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein the first way valve is arranged in a third pressure line of the pressure circuit, which connects the two cylinder chambers of the working cylinder with each other and in a first switch position enables a two-way passage of the hydraulic fluid for short-circuiting the two cylinder chambers.

10. The hydraulic drive according to claim 9, wherein the first way valve is a 2/2-way valve, designed to block the third pressure line in the second switch position in both directions.

11. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein the hydraulic drive provides a power mode up and a power mode down.

12. The hydraulic drive according to claim 1, wherein only the first way valve, the second way valve, and the hydraulic machine are arranged in the pressure circuit to enable the combined movement of the working cylinder and the driving cylinder in one or the other piston movement directions.

13. A method for operating a hydraulic drive, comprising: providing mechanically coupled working and driving cylinders each having one upper and one lower cylinder chamber, wherein the upper and lower cylinder chambers of the working and driving cylinders are connected to each other within a closed pressure circuit that is filled with a hydraulic fluid and preloaded; providing a hydraulic machine with a first and a second pressure connection within the pressure circuit operable to transfer the hydraulic fluid between the individual cylinder chambers of the working and driving cylinders during operation of the hydraulic drive, wherein the first pressure connection of the hydraulic machine is connected via a first and a second pressure line of the pressure circuit with the respective upper cylinder chambers of the working and driving cylinders; providing at least a first way valve and a second way valve within the pressure circuit, wherein the first and second way valves are disposed within the pressure circuit such that their switch positions for the different operational phases of the hydraulic drive enable a combined movement of the working cylinder and the driving cylinder in one or the other piston movement directions, wherein the second way valve is arranged in the second pressure line to the upper cylinder chamber of the working cylinder; operating the hydraulic drive in speed mode up or down by means of the hydraulic machine and the first and second way valves, whereby the first way valve is arranged in a third pressure line of the pressure circuit and is operated in a first switch position, which short-circuits the two cylinder chambers of the working cylinder for two-way passage of the hydraulic fluid, whereby the second way valve is operated in a non-return valve position, so that the passage in the direction of the upper cylinder chamber of the driving cylinder is blocked, and whereby the hydraulic machine conveys the hydraulic fluid for a movement of the piston rod in the direction of the lower cylinder chambers and for a movement in the direction of the upper cylinder chambers; operating the hydraulic drive in power mode, whereby the first way valve is operated in a second switch position, which blocks the third pressure line in both directions, whereby the second way valve remains in the non-return valve position of the speed mode, and whereby the hydraulic machine conveys the hydraulic fluid in the direction of the upper cylinder chambers; and releasing the hydraulic drive after power mode, whereby the first way valve remains in the second switch position of the power mode, whereby the second way valve is operated in a first switch position, which enables a two-way passage of the hydraulic fluid for short-circuiting the two upper cylinder chambers, and whereby the hydraulic machine conveys the hydraulic fluid in the direction of the lower cylinder chambers.

14. The method according to claim 13, further comprising the step of operating the hydraulic drive during standstill, whereby the first and the second way valves are operated in a switch position, which blocks the corresponding pressure lines in both directions, and whereby the hydraulic machine does not convey the hydraulic fluid.

15. The method according to claim 14, further comprising the step of operating the hydraulic machine by means of a mechanically coupled electric motor with variable speed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE ILLUSTRATIONS

(1) These and other aspects of the invention are shown in detail in the illustrations as follows:

(2) FIG. 1: schematic representation of the hydraulic drive according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2: schematic representation of the switch positions of (a) the first way valve and (b) the second way valve in detail;

(4) FIG. 3: switch positions of the way valves in (a) speed mode, (b) power mode, (c) force generation and (d) standstill;

(5) FIG. 4: one embodiment of the method according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(6) FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of the hydraulic drive 1 according to the invention. The hydraulic drive 1 comprising one working cylinder 2 and one driving cylinder 3, each having one upper cylinder chamber 21, 31 and one lower cylinder chamber 22, 32, whereby the cylinders 2, 3 are arranged as double rod cylinders with respective ring surfaces 23, 33 and with a combined piston rod 8 as tandem cylinders in the direction of the piston movement R1, R2 one above the other. In this embodiment, the piston surfaces 33 of the driving cylinder 3 are designed smaller than the piston surfaces 23 of the working cylinder 2, in order to achieve a faster speed during speed mode while maintaining the same displacement volume per time unit by the hydraulic machine 5. For example, the ring surface 33 of the driving cylinder 3 is approx. 120 cm.sup.2, and the ring surface 23 of the working cylinder 2 approx. 700 cm.sup.2. With these ring surfaces, it is possible, for example, at a pressure of 30 MPa (300 bar) in the pressure circuit 4, to achieve a pressing force of 2,500 kN in power mode. However, in this embodiment, the ring surfaces 23, 33 have the same surface in the upper cylinder chamber and in the lower cylinder chamber of the cylinders 2, 3. Furthermore, in the hydraulic drive, all four cylinder chambers 21, 22, 31, 32 of the working and driving cylinders 2, 3 are connected with each other within a pressure circuit 4 that is closed, preloaded and filled with a hydraulic fluid F with the pressure lines 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, and a hydraulic machine 5 with variable speed with a first and a second pressure connection 51, 52 is arranged within the pressure circuit 4 for transferring the hydraulic fluid F (double arrow indicates the two possible displacement directions) between the individual cylinder chambers 21, 22, 31, 32 of the working and driving cylinders 2, 3 during operation of the drive 1. In this embodiment, the hydraulic machine 5 comprises only one pump 53 and one electric motor 54, which is mechanically coupled with the pump 53 for driving the pump 53 with variable speed. The mechanical coupling is represented by the double line between the pump 53 and the electric motor 54. For example, the pump 53 has a pump capacity of 1,300 L/min. In addition, a first way valve 6 and a second way valve 7 are arranged within the pressure circuit 4 in such a way that their respective switch positions that are appropriate for the different operation phases of the hydraulic drive 1 (see FIG. 2) along with the appropriately operated pump drive 5 enable a combined movement of the working and driving cylinders 2, 3 in one or the other piston movement direction R1, R2. For this purpose, a first pressure line connects the upper cylinder chamber 21 with the lower cylinder chamber 22 of the working cylinder via the first way valve 6 that is arranged in the first pressure line 41. For the ring surfaces specified above, the flow capacity of the first pressure line 41 and the first way valve should, for example, exceed 4,000 L/min. The lower cylinder chambers 22 and 32 of the working and driving cylinders 2, 3 are connected with each other via the pressure lines 45 and 44 without any switchable way valve being arranged in this connection. The upper cylinder chamber 31 and the lower cylinder chamber 32 of the driving cylinder 3 are connected with each other via the third and fourth pressure lines 43 and 44, whereby here the hydraulic machine 5 is interposed via its pressure connections 51, 52. Furthermore, the third pressure line 43 is connected via the second pressure line 42 with the first pressure line 41 in such a way that between the third pressure line 43 and the upper cylinder chamber 21 of the working cylinder 2 the second way valve 7 is arranged in the second pressure line 42. The second way valve 7 can have a lower flow capacity compared to the first way valve, for example higher than 700 L/min. The connection of the third pressure line 43 with the lower cylinder chamber 22 of the working cylinder 2, however, is realized via the second pressure line 42 with the second way valve 7 and the first pressure line 41 with the first way valve 6 arranged in between. Through the guiding of the piston surfaces 23, 33 inside the cylinders 2, 3, the piston rod 8 can only move in the directions R1, R2. In this embodiment, the hydraulic drive 1 does not need any other valves in addition to the first and second way valve 6, 7 for operation, so that the hydraulic drive 1 can be operated with a minimum number of components. The pressure lines 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 partly branch out within the pressure circuit 4 or partly converge within it. The branching points (converging points) are marked by black dots at the respective positions. The pressure lines that only cross each other's path without actually joining are depicted without these black dots, see the crossing pressure lines 42 and 44 between the way valves 6 and 7.

(7) In FIG. 2, a schematic representation of the possible switch positions of (a) the first way valve and (b) the second way valve are shown in detail. The first way valve 6 is depicted in this embodiment as a 2/2-way valve and it enables in a first switch position 61 the hydraulic fluid F to pass through in both directions. In a second shift position 62, however, it blocks in both directions. The second way valve 7 in this embodiment is a 2/3-way valve 7 with three different switch positions 71, 72, 73. In a first switch position 71, the second way valve 7 enables the hydraulic fluid F to flow through in both directions, in a second switch position 72, the second way valve 7 comprises a non-return valve position, whereby the passage is blocked in one direction (here in the direction of the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder 3) and in a third switch position 73, the second way valve 7 blocks in both directions.

(8) FIG. 3 shows switch positions of the way valves 6, 7 during (a) speed mode, (b) power mode, (c) force generation and (d) standstill, see also FIG. 2 as a supplement. For clarity reasons, the detailed drawings of the pressure lines in the pressure circuit 4 have been left out. For the designation of the pressure line 41, 42, 43, 44, 45 specified below please refer to FIG. 1.

(9) During speed mode BE in FIG. 3a (down movement of the piston rod 8 in the direction R1 or up movement of the piston rod 8 in the direction R2, see FIG. 1), the first way valve 6 has the switch position 61 (passage of the hydraulic fluid F in both directions in the first pressure line 41). This connects the two cylinder chambers 21, 22 of the working cylinder 2 with each other and achieves a short circuit of the two cylinder chambers 21, 22, due to the hydraulic fluid F being enabled to flow in both directions. Thus, no resulting force can be exerted onto the piston surface of the working cylinder by the hydraulic fluid, so that the latter passively moves with the driving cylinder. During this time, the second way valve 7 is in the second switch position 72, the non-return valve position, whereby the passage in the direction of the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder 3 is blocked, while a passage of the hydraulic fluid F in the direction of the working cylinder 2 at a pressure higher than a threshold pressure is possible, and even at high pressure at the driving cylinder 3, a pressure compensation between the cylinder chambers 21, 22 of the working cylinder 2 is underway via the pressure line 41 that was opened by the first way valve 6. Hereby, during a speed mode BE down (R1), the hydraulic machine 5 conveys the hydraulic fluid F from the lower cylinder chamber 32 of the driving cylinder 3 via the pressure lines 44 and 43 into the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder 3, whereas during a speed mode BE up (R2), the hydraulic fluid F is conveyed from the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder 3 via the pressure lines 43 and 44 to the lower cylinder chamber 32 of the driving cylinder 3. Due to the switch positions 61, 72 of the way valves 6, 7, there is always a pressure compensation between the cylinder chambers 21, 22 inside the working cylinder 2, regardless in which direction and at which power the hydraulic machine 5 conveys the hydraulic fluid F.

(10) For power mode down BK (FIG. 3b), the hydraulic machine 5 conveys the hydraulic fluid F through the first pressure connection 51 into the pressure lines 42, 43 in the direction of the upper cylinder chambers 21, 31 of the working and driving cylinders 2, 3. For that purpose, the second way valve remains in the non-return valve position 72, which enables a passage of the hydraulic fluid F, which now is under higher pressure due to the conveying performance of the hydraulic machine 5, in the pressure lines 42, 43 in the direction of the working cylinder 2. The first way valve 6 is now in the second switch position 62, which blocks the first pressure line 41 in both directions, so that the hydraulic fluid F, which is allowed through the second way valve 7 in switch position 72, can only get into the upper cylinder chamber 21 for generating pressure onto the piston surface 23. Parallel to this, the hydraulic fluid F is drained from the lower cylinder chambers 22, 32 via the fourth pressure connection 44, which is connected to the lower cylinder chamber 32 of the driving cylinder 3, and the fifth pressure line 45, which is connected to the lower cylinder chamber 22 of the working cylinder 2, and via the second pressure connection 52 of the hydraulic machine 5, and is further conveyed into the upper cylinder chambers 21, 31. Due to these pressure differences between the upper and lower cylinder chamber in both cylinders 2 and 3, a great force is generated, which moves the piston rod 8, albeit at a lower speed than during speed mode, as a larger volume of the hydraulic fluid has now to be transferred. During power mode BK, the working cylinder 2 and the driving cylinder 3 exert a combined force unto the piston rod 8 and are hence both actively involved in the power mode BK, which results in a more effective operation of the hydraulic drive 1. A particular advantage herein lies in the fact that according to the here suggested arrangement and design of the way valves 6 and 7, the switching from speed mode to power mode is achieved solely by switching the way valve 6 to the position that blocks the first pressure line 41 in both directions. This can, among other things, result in a jolt-free switchover, as only one way valve has to be switched and not a plurality of different way valves that might have different switching times and/or sizes, which would lead to respective jerks and/or a jolt during switching.

(11) After completion of the power mode, the hydraulic drive has to be released via the operation phase release BS, so that subsequently, the piston rod can be moved into the other direction. For this purpose, the first way valve 6 remains in the second switch position 62, which blocks the first pressure line 41 in both directions, while the second way valve 7 is switched to the first switch position 71, where the second way valve 7 enables a two-way passage of the hydraulic fluid through the second pressure line 42, so that the pressure differences between the upper and lower cylinder chambers can be relieved via a conveying direction of the hydraulic fluid F from the upper cylinder chambers 21, 31 to the lower cylinder chambers 22, 32. The hydraulic fluid F is hereby conveyed from the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder 3 via the pressure lines 43 and 44 to the lower cylinder chamber 32. Simultaneously, the hydraulic fluid F is conveyed from the upper cylinder chamber 21 of the working cylinder 2 via the first pressure line 41 and via the second pressure line 42 with an open second way valve 7 into the lower cylinder chamber 22 via the fifth pressure line 45.

(12) After the hydraulic drive has been released, the speed mode BE in upper direction can be performed with the switch positions according to FIG. 3a and the corresponding conveying direction of the hydraulic fluid F by the hydraulic machine 5, from the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder into the lower cylinder chamber 32.

(13) If however, after a speed mode BE up, the machine driven by the hydraulic drive 1 is to remain in a holding position BH (operation phase holding position or standstill), the first way valve 6 remains in the second switch position 62, and the second way valve is switched to the third switch position 73, where it blocks the second pressure line 42 in both directions. While in holding position BH, the hydraulic machine 5 does not convey any hydraulic fluid F in any direction, so that the hydraulic fluid F within the pressure circuit 4 rests motionless and keeps the piston rod 8 through the preloaded pressure in its position.

(14) FIG. 4 shows one embodiment of the method according to the invention for operating the inventive hydraulic drive according to FIG. 1 comprising the operating steps of the hydraulic drive 1 in speed mode BE up or down by means of the hydraulic machine 5 and the first and second way valve 6 and 7, whereby the first way valve 6 is arranged in a first pressure line 41 of the pressure circuit 4 and is operated in a first switch position 61, short-circuiting the two cylinder chambers 21, 22 of the working cylinder 2 by enabling a two-way passage of the hydraulic fluid F, whereby the second way valve 7 is operated in a non-return valve position 72, so that the passage in the direction of the upper cylinder chamber 31 of the driving cylinder 3 is blocked, but the hydraulic fluid F is allowed to flow through from the third pressure line 43 through the second pressure line 42 into the first pressure line 41, and whereby the hydraulic machine 5 conveys the hydraulic fluid F for a movement R1 of the piston rod 8 in the direction of the lower cylinder chambers 22, 32 and for a movement R2 in the direction of the upper cylinder chambers 21, 31; as well as for operating the hydraulic drive 1 in power mode down BK, whereby the first way valve 6 is operated in a second switch position 62, which blocks the first pressure line 41 in both directions, whereby the second way valve 7 remains in the non-return valve position 72 of the speed mode, and whereby the hydraulic machine 5 conveys the hydraulic fluid F in the direction of the upper cylinder chambers 21, 31; as well as for release BS of the hydraulic drive 1 after the power mode down BK, whereby the first way valve 6 remains in the second switch position 62 of the power mode down, whereby the second way valve 7 is operated in a first switch position 71, which enables a two-way passage of the hydraulic Fluid F for short-circuiting of the two upper cylinder chambers 21, 31, and whereby the hydraulic machine 5 conveys the hydraulic Fluid F in the direction of the lower cylinder chambers 22, 32. After that, in this embodiment, the speed mode BE follows, which was already described above in FIG. 3a, with the switch positions of the two way valves 6, 7 and the corresponding conveying direction of the hydraulic machine 5 in opposite direction to the speed mode down and the repeated performing of the release phase BS, but with opposite conveying direction of the hydraulic machine as compared to the release phase BS after the power mode down BK. After that, either the repeated performance of the operation phases described above can follow (speed mode down BE; power mode down BK, release phase BS, speed mode up BE and release phase BS and so forth), or a transition into the holding position BH with the switch positions 62 and 73 of the first and second way valves 6, 7. The individual switch positions and the operation of the hydraulic machine 5 in one of the two conveying directions for the hydraulic fluid F, or no conveying by the hydraulic machine 5, can hereby be set, controlled and/or switched in an appropriate way. Preferably, the switch positions are set by a drive control unit 9 of the hydraulic drive 1 and the hydraulic machine is controlled accordingly. The corresponding controls can be saved in the drive control unit 9 via hardware or software. Initiating (starting) the drive control unit can be done automatically or manually. In an alternative embodiment, the individual operation phases are set manually or can be set manually.

(15) The embodiments shown here represent only examples of the present invention, and are therefore not to be understood as limiting. Alternative embodiments considered by the person skilled in the art are similarly encompassed by the protective scope of the present invention.

LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS

(16) 1 hydraulic drive 2 working cylinder 21 upper cylinder chamber of the working cylinder 22 lower cylinder chamber of the working cylinder 23 piston surface (ring surface) of the working cylinder 3 driving cylinder 31 upper cylinder chamber of the driving cylinder 32 lower cylinder chamber of the driving cylinder 33 piston surface (ring surface) of the driving cylinder 4 pressure circuit 41 first pressure line of the pressure circuit 42 second pressure line of the pressure circuit 43 third pressure line of the pressure circuit 44 fourth pressure line of the pressure circuit 45 fifth pressure line of the pressure circuit 5 hydraulic machine 51 first pressure connection of the hydraulic machine to the pressure circuit 52 second pressure connection of the hydraulic machine to the pressure circuit 53 pump of the hydraulic machine 54 motor of the hydraulic machine 6 first way valve 61 first switch position of the first way valve 62 second switch position of the first way valve 7 second way valve 71 first switch position of the second way valve 72 second switch position of the second way valve 73 third switch position of the second way valve 8 combined piston rod of the working and driving cylinder 9 drive control unit of the hydraulic drive BE operation of the hydraulic drive in the operation phase speed mode BH operation of the hydraulic drive in the operation phase holding position BK operation of the hydraulic drive in the operation phase power mode BS operation of the hydraulic drive in the operation phase release mode F hydraulic fluid R1, R2 piston movement directions (up/down or in/out)