Arrangement with a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine

Abstract

An arrangement with a synchronous generator for the conversion of mechanical power into electrical power, with a predetermined number of pole pairs, an asynchronous machine, with a pronounced rotor winding, which is mechanically coupled to a rotor of the synchronous generator and has a number of pole pairs at least 1 greater than the synchronous generator.

Claims

1. A genset arrangement with: a synchronous generator configured to convert mechanical power into electrical power, with a predetermined number of pole pairs; and an asynchronous machine with a pronounced rotor winding, wherein the asynchronous machine is mechanically coupled to a rotor of the synchronous generator and has a number of pole pairs at least 1 larger than the synchronous generator, wherein the asynchronous machine comprises an adjustable impedance located on the rotor configured to adjust a torque for the arrangement by: adjusting a starting torque and directing voltage through the adjustable impedance instead of powering an excitation winding of the asynchronous generator during start up of the genset arrangement; and after the start up, diverting voltage from the adjustable impedance to the excitation winding.

2. The arrangement of claim 1, whereby at least one rotor winding of a rotor of the asynchronous machine is electrically coupled with at least one excitation winding of the rotor of the synchronous generator.

3. The arrangement of claim 2, whereby a control device for controlling or regulating a voltage applied by the electrical coupling in the at least one excitation winding of the rotor of the synchronous generator is provided.

4. The arrangement of claim 2, whereby at least one controlled, rotating rectifier unit is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine.

5. The arrangement of claim 2, whereby at least one uncontrolled, rotating rectifier is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine.

6. The arrangement of claim 1, whereby the synchronous generator is mechanically coupled with a prime mover to the genset.

7. The arrangement of claim 1, comprising a prime mover, wherein the asynchronous machine is configured to start the prime mover during a start up of the prime mover.

8. The arrangement of claim 7, wherein, after reaching a predetermined speed of the prime mover is achieved after the start up of the prime mover, the asynchronous machine is configured to act as a generator configured to generate an excitation voltage of the synchronous generator.

9. The arrangement of claim 1, wherein the asynchronous machine comprises a thyristor to rectify a rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine to generate an excitation voltage for the synchronous generator.

10. A genset system comprising: a synchronous generator configured to convert mechanical power into electrical power, with a predetermined number of pole pairs; and an asynchronous machine with a pronounced rotor winding, wherein the asynchronous machine is mechanically coupled to a rotor of the synchronous generator and has a number of pole pairs at least 1 larger than the synchronous generator, and wherein the asynchronous machine comprises an adjustable impedance located on the rotor configured to adjust a torque for the genset system using the adjustable impedance by: adjusting a starting torque and directing voltage through the adjustable impedance instead of powering an excitation winding of the asynchronous generator during start up of the genset system; and after the start up, diverting voltage from the adjustable impedance to the excitation winding; and a prime mover whereby the asynchronous machine is configured to be used as a starting device for the prime mover.

11. The genset system of claim 10, whereby the asynchronous machine is configured to, after exceeding a predetermined speed of the prime mover, to act as a generator for generating an excitation voltage of the synchronous generator.

12. The genset system of claim 10, wherein at least one rotor winding of the asynchronous machine is electrically coupled with at least one excitation winding of the synchronous generator.

13. The genset system of claim 12, comprising a control device configured to regulate a voltage applied by an electrical coupling between the at least one excitation winding and the at least one rotor winding.

14. The genset system of claim 12, whereby at least one controlled, rotating rectifier unit is arranged on the rotor.

15. The genset system of claim 14, wherein the at least one controlled, rotating rectifier unit comprises a thyristor.

16. The genset system of claim 12, wherein at least one uncontrolled, rotating rectifier is arranged on the rotor of the asynchronous machine.

17. The genset system of claim 16, wherein the at least one uncontrolled, rotating rectifier comprises a diode.

18. The genset system of claim 12, comprising a static voltage regulator configured to regulate a voltage of the at least one rotor winding of the asynchronous machine.

19. The genset system of claim 18, wherein the static voltage regulator comprises a thyristor.

20. A method for operating a genset system, comprising: using an asynchronous machine having a pronounced rotor winding to start a prime mover as a starter motor using a rotor coupled to the asynchronous machine and to the prime mover; after exceeding a predetermined speed of the prime mover, using the asynchronous machine as a generator to generate an excitation voltage; adjusting an impedance of an adjustable impedance located on the rotor of the asynchronous machine to adjust a torque for the genset system using the adjustable impedance by: adjusting a starting torque and directing voltage through the adjustable impedance instead of powering an excitation winding of the asynchronous generator during start up of the genset system; and after the start up, diverting voltage from the adjustable impedance to the excitation winding; and converting mechanical power into electrical power using a synchronous generator coupled to the rotor having a predetermined number of pole pairs, wherein the asynchronous machine has a number of pole pairs at least 1 larger than the predetermined number of the pole pairs of the synchronous generator.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the following figures.

(2) FIGS. 1 and 2 show arrangements of a synchronous generator and an asynchronous machine in two variants, which differ with regard to the voltage regulation. The explanations of FIG. 1 apply to FIG. 2 and vice versa.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(3) They show a synchronous generator 1 and an asynchronous machine 2 with much smaller power, which are arranged on a common rotor 3.

(4) Also indicated is a prime mover 6, which can be connected to the rotor 3 designed as a shaft. The excitation winding 4 of the rotor of the synchronous machine 1 and the rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2 are also shown.

(5) In both exemplary embodiments, the synchronous generator 1 has three pole pairs and the asynchronous machine 2 has four pole pairs. For example, a prime mover 6, such as a reciprocating piston engine, can be coupled via a mechanical coupling 10 to the rotor 3 designed as a shaft. The rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2 is electrically connected to the excitation winding 4 of the synchronous generator 1, depending on the variant via a controlled rectifier 13 (FIG. 1) or an uncontrolled rectifier 14 (FIG. 2).

(6) For the motorized operation of the asynchronous machine 2, i.e. during a start process (the asynchronous machine 2 acts as a starter motor), the rotor winding 7 is optionally acted on by an adjustable impedance 11 in order to increase the tightening torque. A control device 5 can be connected via control lines (not shown) to the windings 4, 7, 8, 9, the impedance 11, the prime mover 6 (if present) and the rotor 3, by means of contactless transmission to the rotor.

(7) In the variant shown in FIG. 1, the voltage regulation of the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous generator 1 is performed via a controlled, rotating rectifier unit 13, by means of a controlled, rotating thyristor set.

(8) In the variant according to FIG. 2, the voltage regulation of the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous generator 1 is performed via an uncontrolled, rotating rectifier unit 14, a diode rectifier, and a static voltage regulation 15 of the asynchronous machine 2, by means of a static thyristor set.

(9) To illustrate the power relationships between the synchronous generator 1 and the asynchronous machine 2, numerical values for the nominal powers are given by way of example: the nominal power of the synchronous generator 1 may be e.g. 12 MVA (megavolt-amperes) and the nominal power of the asynchronous machine 2 may be approx. 50 kVA (kilovolt-amperes).

(10) There follows an explanation of the function of the asynchronous machine 2 as an excitation machine for the synchronous generator 1, i.e. the function of the asynchronous machine 2 in generator mode. The following numerical example is of course also applicable to other exemplary embodiments than those shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. First, the slip s of the asynchronous machine 2 is determined. The asynchronous machine 2 has a nominal speed n.sub.N of 750 rpm, and the operating speed n of the synchronous generator 1 is 1,000 rpm. Then, the slip s of the asynchronous machine 2 is calculated as follows:
s=(n.sub.Nn)/n.sub.N=(7501000)/750=0.3333

(11) This results in a power P.sub.2 present in the rotor of:
P.sub.2=s*P.sub.1=s/(1s)*P.sub.m=0,25*P.sub.m

(12) where P.sub.m is the mechanical drive power of the shaft (rotor 3).

(13) This power P.sub.2 can be tapped to the rotor 3 with the frequency f.sub.2
f.sub.2=s*f.sub.1=0.3333*50=16.66 Hz

(14) The rotor voltage of the asynchronous machine 2 U.sub.2ASY is therefore at the frequency f2=16.66 Hz. Depending on the embodiment variant, this voltage is rectified by means of controlled or uncontrolled rotating rectifiers and serves as the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous machine.

(15) In the stator of the asynchronous machine 2, the following power P.sub.1 results, which can be fed into the mains, after deducting the losses:
P.sub.1=P.sub.m/(1s)=0.75*P.sub.m

(16) There follows an explanation of the function of the asynchronous machine 2 in motor mode:

(17) By connecting the stationary asynchronous machine 2 to a three-phase system 12, it can be operated as an electric motor. Due to the pronounced rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2, the starting current will be lower than in a squirrel-cage rotor, and the starting torque will be greater.

(18) In addition, to improve the starting behavior (i.e. during motor mode of the asynchronous machine 2, i.e. at under-synchronous speeds) on the rotor winding 7 of the asynchronous machine 2, an auxiliary impedance 11 is switched instead of the excitation winding 4, as indicated in FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In this way, the starting torque can be optimized. The design of the auxiliary impedance 11 depends on the electrical and mechanical parameters of the arrangement.

(19) If the asynchronous machine 2 is now supplied with power from the mains 12, the asynchronous machine 2 accelerates the arrangement to a speed close to the nominal speed n.sub.NASYM of the asynchronous machine 2 (approx. 750 rpm in the mentioned numerical example).

(20) This speed is much higher than in conventional starter systems, which has an advantageous effect on the start of a reciprocating piston engine.

(21) If an internal combustion engine 6 is still provided in the arrangement, it can now further accelerate the arrangement of the synchronous generator 1, asynchronous machine 2 and prime mover 6 to a nominal speed of the synchronous generator 1 (1,000 rpm in the example mentioned), as a result of which the asynchronous machine 2 steplessly passes into the generator mode described above.

(22) For the regulation of the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator 1, there are two variants:

(23) In a first variant, as shown in FIG. 1, a controlled, rotating rectifier unit 13, a thyristor control set, creates a variable excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous generator 1.

(24) More particularily, the rectifier unit 13 is designed as a controlled, rotating thyristor control set that allows a particularly fast control of the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous generator 1, and also can be switched on and off without delays.

(25) FIG. 2 shows an arrangement of a synchronous generator 1 and an asynchronous machine 2 according to the second variant:

(26) Here, the voltage regulation of the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous generator 1 is performed by varying the stator voltage of the asynchronous machine 2, by a static thyristor control set 15 in the stator of the asynchronous machine 2 and via an uncontrolled rectifier 14 in the rotor 3. As a result, the induced rotor voltage U.sub.2ASY is changed, and thus, via the rectifier 14, the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY is changed.

(27) This arrangement allows a regulation of the excitation voltage U.sub.2SY of the synchronous generator 1, for which no control signals are required in the rotor 3. In addition, the thyristor control set 15 can also be used for a soft start of the asynchronous machine 2 when starting the prime mover 6.

(28) The advantages of this variant are the simpler and more favorable control than with controlled thyristors in the rotor and the possibility of a soft start of the asynchronous machine 2 in start mode. A disadvantage is the longer control times of the excitation voltage of the synchronous generator.