Method of starting a vehicle with power balance

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for control a vehicle with a drive system comprising an output shaft of a combustion engine and a planetary gear with a first and a second electrical machine, connected via their rotors to the components of the planetary gear, the vehicle is started by controlling the first electrical machine to achieve a torque thereof, so that the requested torque is transmitted to the planetary gear's output shaft, and controlling the second electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that the desired power to electrical auxiliary aggregates and/or loads in the vehicle, and/or electric energy storage means, if present in the vehicle, for exchange of electric energy with the first and second electrical machine is achieved.

Claims

1. A method for control of a vehicle with a drive system, where the drive system comprises an output shaft in a combustion engine; a first electrical machine, comprising a stator and a rotor; a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the combustion engine's output shaft is connected with a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein an output shaft of the planetary gear is connected with a second of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and the electrical machine's rotor is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, for transmission of torque for the propulsion of the vehicle, so that a rotation of the rotor leads to a rotation of such third of said components; wherein the drive system also comprises a first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components are locked together so that the three components rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds; and second electrical machine with a stator and a rotor, connected with the output shaft of the combustion engine, between the combustion engine and said first of said components, and wherein the method comprises the following operations in order to, when the vehicle is at a standstill with the first locking means in a release position, move the vehicle off with power balance: a) controlling the first electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that the torque from the first electrical machine is transmitted to the output shaft of the planetary gear; b) controlling the combustion engine towards and to a predetermined engine speed; c) controlling the second electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that a desired power is generated by the second electrical machine, whereby the power may be provided to the first electrical machine and/or other electrical devic or load; and d) moving the first locking means to a locked position, when the output shaft of the planetary gear, the first electrical machine's rotor, and the combustion engine's output shaft rotate with the same rotational speed.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, while controlling the combustion engine towards and to a predetermined engine speed, said method further comprises controlling the engine speed of the combustion engine, in the event the torque available at idling speed is insufficient to counteract both a reaction torque from the first electrical machine and a torque applied from the second electrical machine, in order to increase the engine speed of the combustion engine, so that a torque available from the combustion engine increases.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drive system of the vehicle also comprises a second locking means that may be moved between a locked position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is locked together with the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components, and a release position, in which the combustion engine's output shaft is disconnected from the second electrical machine's rotor and said first of said components, and is allowed to rotate independently of these, and wherein the second locking means is in a locked position at the start of the method.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein while controlling the second electrical machine to achieve a torque for exchange of electric power with the first and second electrical machine, power balance is achieved, said method further comprises a free selection of charge current to or discharge current from one or more of an electrical auxiliary unit, electrical load, and/or an electrical energy storage means occurs in accordance with a prevailing operational situation of the vehicle.

5. The method according to claim 1, wherein the drive system further comprises at least one electric energy storage means, and said method further comprises exchanging of electric power between the electric energy storage means and at least one of the first and the second electrical machine.

6. The method according to claim 5, wherein maintaining a power balance is temporarily waived where needed, when controlling the second electrical machine to achieve a torque for exchange of electric power with the first and second electrical machine.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein the method is implemented in the vehicle, wherein the vehicle further comprises a gearbox with an input shaft, which is connected with said output shaft of the planetary gear.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein the first of said components of said planetary gear is a sun wheel and the third of said components is a ring gear.

9. A computer program product for moving a vehicle off with power balance when the vehicle is at a standstill with a first locking means in a release position, wherein the vehicle comprises a drive system comprising an output shaft in a combustion engine, a first electrical machine, comprising a stator and a rotor, a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the combustion engine's output shaft is connected with a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein an output shaft of the planetary gear is connected with a second of said components in the planetary, gear so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and the electrical machine's rotor is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, for transmission of torque for the propulsion of the vehicle, so that a rotation of the rotor leads to a rotation of such third of said components, wherein the drive system also comprises the first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components are locked together so that the three components rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds, wherein a vehicle is controlled, whose drive system also comprises a second electrical machine with a stator and a rotor, connected with the output shaft of the combustion engine, between the combustion engine and said first of said components, wherein the computer program product is stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium and comprises computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprises computer code to cause an electronic processor to: a) control the first electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that the torque from the first electrical machine is transmitted to the output shaft of the planetary gear; b) control the combustion engine towards and to a predetermined engine speed; c) control the second electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that a desired power is generated by the second electrical machine, whereby the power may be provided to the first electrical machine and/or other electrical device or load; and d) control movement of the first locking means to a locked position, when the output shaft of the planetary gear, the first electrical machine's rotor, and the combustion engine's output shaft rotate with the same rotational speed.

10. An electronic control device for a motor vehicle for moving a vehicle off with power balance when the vehicle is at a standstill with a first locking means in a release position, wherein the vehicle comprises a drive system comprising an output shaft in a combustion engine; a first electrical machine, comprising a stator and a rotor; a planetary gear comprising three components in the form of a sun wheel, a ring gear and a planetary wheel carrier, wherein the combustion engine's output shaft is connected with a first of said components in the planetary gear, so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such first of said components, wherein an output shaft of the planetary gear is connected with a second of said components in the planetary, gear so that a rotation of such shaft leads to a rotation of such second of said components, and the electrical machine's rotor is connected with a third of said components in the planetary gear, for transmission of torque for the propulsion of the vehicle, so that a rotation of the rotor leads to a rotation of such third of said components; wherein the drive system also comprises the first locking means, which may be moved between a locked position in which two of said components are locked together so that the three components rotate with the same rotational speed, and a release position in which the components are allowed to rotate at different rotational speeds; and a second electrical machine with a stator and a rotor, connected with the output shaft of the combustion engine, between the combustion engine and said first of said components, wherein said electronic device comprises: a storage device; an electronic processor operatively coupled to the storage device; and a computer program product stored in a non-transitory computer-readable medium on the storage device and comprising computer-readable program code portions embodied therein, the computer-readable program code portions comprises computer code to cause an electronic processor to: a) control the first electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that the torque from the first electrical machine is transmitted to the output shaft of the planetary gear; b) control the combustion engine towards and to a predetermined engine speed; c) control the second electrical machine to achieve a torque, so that a desired power is generated by the second electrical machine, whereby the power may be provided to the first electrical machine and/or other electrical device or load; and d) control movement of the first locking means to a locked position, when the output shaft of the planetary gear, the first electrical machine's rotor, and the combustion engine's output shaft rotate with the same rotational speed.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Below are descriptions of an example embodiment of the invention with reference to the enclosed drawings, in which:

(2) FIG. 1 is a very simplified view of a powertrain in a vehicle that may be equipped with a drive system for the performance of a method according to the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 is a more detailed, but still simplified view of a part of said drive system,

(4) FIG. 3 is a simplified view, illustrating the general structure of a drive system in a vehicle, for which a method according to one embodiment of the invention is carried out,

(5) FIG. 4 is a simplified view, illustrating the general structure of another drive system in a vehicle, for which a method according to one embodiment of the invention is carried out,

(6) FIG. 5 is a flow chart showing a method according to one embodiment of the invention, and

(7) FIG. 6 is a fundamental diagram of an electronic control device for implementation of one or several methods according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(8) FIG. 1 shows a powertrain for a heavy goods vehicle 1. The powertrain comprises a combustion engine 2, a power transmission 3 in the form of for example a speed gearbox, a continuously variable transmission (CVT), or a direct transmission, a number of driving shafts 4 and driving wheels 5. Between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3 the powertrain comprises an intermediate section 6. FIG. 2 shows a part of the components in the intermediate section 6 in more detail, more specifically those which also occur in prior art drive systems, such as the one according to SE 536 329. The combustion engine 2 is equipped with an output shaft 2a and the gearbox 3 with an input shaft 3a in the intermediate section 6. The output shaft 2a of the combustion engine is coaxially arranged in relation to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox. The combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are rotatably arranged around a common rotation axis 7. The intermediate section 6 comprises a house 8, enclosing a first electrical machine 9 and a planetary gear. The electrical machine 9 comprises, in a customary manner, a stator 9a and a rotor 9b. The stator 9a comprises a stator-core which is fixed in a suitable manner on the inside of the house 8. The stator core comprises the stator's windings. The first electrical machine 9 is adapted, under certain operating circumstances, to use stored electrical energy to supply driving force to the input shaft 3a of the gearbox and under other operating conditions, to use the kinetic energy of the input shaft 3 of the gearbox to extract and store electric energy.

(9) The planetary gear is arranged substantially radially inside of the electrical machine's stator 9a and rotor 9b. The planetary gear comprises, in a customary manner, a sun wheel 10, a ring gear 11 and a planetary wheel carrier 12. The planetary wheel carrier 12 supports a number of cogwheels 13, which are rotatably arranged in a radial space between the teeth of the sun wheel 10 and the ring gear 11. The sun wheel 10 is fixed on a peripheral surface of the combustion engine's output shaft 2a. The sun wheel 10 and the combustion engine's output shaft 2a rotate as one unit with a first rotational speed n.sub.1. The planetary wheel carrier 12 comprises an attachment section 12a, which is attached on a peripheral surface of the input shaft 3a of the gearbox with the help of a splines-joint 14. With the help of this joint, the planetary wheel carrier 12 and the gearbox's input shaft 3a may rotate as one unit with a second rotational speed n.sub.2. The ring gear 11 comprises an external peripheral surface on which the rotor 9b is fixedly mounted. The rotor 9b and the ring gear 11 constitute one rotatable unit which rotates at a third rotational speed n.sub.3.

(10) The drive system comprises a first locking means since the combustion engine's output shaft 2a is equipped with a shiftable coupling element 15. The coupling element 15 is mounted on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a with the help of a splines-joint 16. The coupling element 15 is in this case arranged in a twist-fast manner on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a, and is shiftably arranged in an axial direction on the combustion engine's output shaft 2a. The coupling element 15 comprises a coupling section 15a, which is connectible with a coupling section 12b in the planetary wheel carrier 12. A schematically displayed shifting element 17 is adapted to shift the coupling element 15 between a first position where the coupling sections 15a, 12b are not in engagement with each other, corresponding to a release position in the first locking means, and a second position where the coupling sections 15a, 12b are in engagement with each other, corresponding to a locked position of the first locking means. In such locked position the combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the gearbox's input shaft 3a will be locked together and accordingly these and the electrical machine's rotor will rotate at the same rotational speed. This state may be referred to as a locked planet. The locking mechanism may also advantageously have the design described in the Swedish patent application SE 536 559, and comprise a sleeve equipped with first splines, which engage, in the release position, with second splines on a first component of the planetary gear, and in the locked position, engage with third splines on a second component of the planetary gear. In this case the first component is preferably the planetary wheel carrier, and the second component is the sun wheel. The locking mechanism may then be adapted like an annular sleeve, enclosing the planetary wheel carrier substantially concentrically. The locking means may also be made of a suitable type of friction clutch.

(11) An electronic control device 18 is adapted to control the shifting element 17. The control device 18 is also adapted to determine the occasions on which the electrical machine should operate as an engine, and the occasions on which it should operate as a generator. In order to so determine, the control device 18 may receive up to date information relating to suitable operating parameters. The control device 18 may be a computer with software for this purpose. The control device 18 controls a schematically displayed control equipment 19, which controls the flow of electric energy between a hybrid battery 20 and the stator windings 9a of the electrical machine. On occasions where the electrical machine 9 operates as an engine, stored electric energy is supplied from the hybrid battery 20 to the stator 9a. On occasions where the electrical machine operates as a generator electric energy is supplied from the stator 9a to the hybrid battery 20. The hybrid battery 20 delivers and stores electric energy with a voltage in the range of 300-900 Volt. Since the intermediate section 6 between the combustion engine 2 and the gearbox 3 in the vehicle is limited, the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear must constitute a compact unit. The planetary gear's components 10, 11, 12 are arranged substantially radially inside the electrical machine's stator 9a. The rotor 9b of the electrical machine, the ring gear 11 of the planetary gear, the combustion engine's output shaft 2a and the input shaft 3a of the gearbox are here rotatably arranged around a common rotation axis 5. With such an embodiment the electrical machine 9 and the planetary gear occupy a relatively small area. The vehicle 1 is equipped with an engine control function 21, with which the engine speed n.sub.1 and/or torque of the combustion engine 2 may be controlled. The control device 18 accordingly has the possibility of activating the engine control function 21 and of creating a substantially zero torque state in the gearbox 3 at engagement and disengagement of gears in the gearbox 3. Naturally, the drive system may, instead of being controlled by one single control device 18, be controlled by several different control devices.

(12) The part of a drive system of a vehicle, thus far described, and displayed at FIG. 2, on which a method according to the invention may be implemented is extant in the drive system according to SE536 329. Below, a part of the drive system, which may be added to this part for the implementation of the invention, will be described with reference to FIG. 3.

(13) The drive system, specifically the intermediate section 6, also has a second electrical machine 30 with a stator 31, with stator windings and a rotor 32 which is connected with the combustion engine's output shaft 2a. A second locking means 33, which may have a similar design as the first locking means 34, illustrated in more detail in FIG. 2, is adapted to separate, in a release position, a first part 35 of the combustion engine's output shaft, arranged nearest the combustion engine, from a second part 36 thereof, connected with the sun wheel 10 of the planetary gear, so that the second electrical machine's rotor 32 and the sun wheel 10 are allowed to rotate independently of the first section 35 of the combustion engine's output shaft. The second locking means may be moved to a locked position in which both the parts 35, 36 of the combustion engine's output shaft are locked together, and accordingly the first part 35 is locked together with the second electrical machine's rotor. The control device 18 is adapted to control fuel supply to the combustion engine 2 and to control exchange of electric energy between, the first electrical machine 9 and the second electrical machine 30 on the one hand, and, on the other hand, electric energy storage means, if applicable, such as batteries, and electric auxiliary units and loads in the vehicle, such as servo control units, pumps, cooling units and similar.

(14) Thanks to the added arrangement of the electrical machine 30 and the second locking means 33, a range of positive features is achieved in the drive system, but it should be pointed out again that the occurrence of the second locking means in the drive system is not necessary to realize the method according to the invention, but the combustion engine's output shaft could be permanently connected with the second electrical machine's rotor. If the vehicle is driven with the first locking means 34 in a locked position, and for example the second locking means 33 in a locked position, and a request arises for shifting the first locking means 34 into a release position, the power unit configuration is controlled towards a torque balance between the components that are locked together, i.e. the planetary wheel carrier 12 and the sun wheel 10, via the first locking means 34. This may be achieved by controlling the first electrical machine 9, and at least one of the second electrical machine 30 and the combustion engine 2, since the second locking means 33 is in a locked position, and the first electrical machine 9 and/or the second electrical machine 30, towards said torque balance, so that there is also a possibility for energy storage in the hybrid battery 30 if desired. Here, torque balance is achieved when the following relation between the torques applied is met for the example configuration displayed in FIG. 3:

(15) $T_{\mathrm{sun}\mathrm{wheel}}=\frac{Z_s}{Z_r}{T}_{\mathrm{ring}\mathrm{gear}}$
where
T.sub.sun wheel and T.sub.ring gear represent the torque applied to the sun wheel and the ring gear, respectively, where T.sub.sun wheel=T.sub.ice+T.sub.em2 and T.sub.ring gear=T.sub.em1 where
T.sub.ice is torque applied to the combustion engine's output shaft
T.sub.em2 is torque applied via the second electrical machine's stator to its rotor
T.sub.em1 is torque applied via the first electrical machine's stator to its rotor,
Z.sub.s is the number of teeth on the sun wheel,
Z.sub.r is the number of teeth on the ring gear.

(16) Accordingly, torque balance relates to the state where a torque acts on a ring gear arranged in the planetary gear, representing the product of the torque acting on the planetary wheel carrier of the planetary gear and the gear ratio of the planetary gear, while simultaneously a torque acts on the planetary gear's sun wheel, representing the product of the torque acting on the planetary wheel carrier and (1 minus the planetary gear's gear ratio). At such torque balance said first locking means 34 does not transfer any torque between the components of the planetary gear. The inventive method facilitates starting the vehicle from a standstill, while maintaining the above defined power balance in the vehicle's drive system.

(17) A great advantage of a drive system according to FIG. 3, with or without the second locking means, is the potential for continuous electric power supply by the electric units in all operating modes, with the combustion engine connected in a steady state. This is normally not achieved with hybrid solutions having only one electrical machine. When the first locking means is in a locked position, said electric unit is supplied by substantially distributing the requested electrical power to the electric auxiliary aggregates and the electric loads of the vehicle between the electrical machines. In this way, the losses in the electrical machines are minimized, since the torque per electrical machine is halved compared to if an electrical machine had supplied all the electrical output. Since the loss effects of the electrical machines substantially scale against the torque applied squared, this entails substantially a halving of the losses of the electrical machines. However, such a distribution (50/50) is potentially not optimal in case the two electrical machines have dimensions which differ considerably from each other, but efforts are still made to select said proportions with this optimal distribution in mind. When the first locking means is open, the first electrical machine will determine the torque in the powertrain. The engine speed of the combustion engine is controlled to an operational point, which is selected by minimizing the losses of the combustion engine together with losses of the electrical machine and the inverter. The second electrical machine is then used to balance the power for potential energy storage means, electrical aggregates and the first electrical machine. It is a great strength that the power supply of the electrical aggregates may also take place, even if the vehicle is not equipped with an electrical energy storage system. The supply may also take place continuously during all types of up- and down-shifts, during crawling, start-off and braking. All driving modes, except electrical driving and brake regeneration, may be implemented without any electrical storage means or with a defective energy storage means. In operating modes, with or without electrical energy storage means, the voltage of the second electrical machine normally will be controlled to maintain the correct voltage level on the DC-link (supply voltage to the two inverters connected to the stators of the electrical machines). It is also conceivable that the voltage of the first electrical machine may be controlled in some cases. Voltage control is a mode of the inverter where a voltage is requested from the inverter. The inverter then controls the electrical machine's torque in such a way that the requested voltage is maintained on the inverter's supply side.

(18) FIG. 4 shows, in a simplified way, a drive system which differs from the one according to FIG. 3, since the combustion engine 2 is permanently connected with the second electrical machine's rotor 32. Embodiments of the innovative method may be carried out in vehicles with this alternative drive system.

(19) FIG. 5 illustrates a flow chart of a method according to one embodiment of the present invention, implemented in a vehicle with a drive system of the type displayed in FIG. 3 or 4. It is assumed that the vehicle is at a standstill, and will be started and driven with the goal of maintaining said power balance. In a first step S.sub.1, the first electrical machine is then controlled to transmit the requested torque to the planetary gear's output shaft. At the same time, the combustion engine is controlled towards a predetermined engine speed, which may be its idling speed or a higher engine speed (see above), in a step S2. In step S3 the electrical machine is controlled to achieve a torque entailing that a desired power to the auxiliary unit and loads, and potentially electric energy storage means, is achieved together with the first electrical machine, and in step S4 the first locking means are moved into a locked position, when the combustion engine's output shaft, the first electrical machine's rotor and the planetary gear's output shaft rotate with the same rotational speed. It should be pointed out that when the method is performed, it is not a requirement that the vehicle be moved off, but instead the vehicle may be started, creep forward, and then be stopped.

(20) Computer program code for implementation of a method according to the invention is suitably included in a computer program, which is loadable into the internal memory of a computer, such as the internal memory of an electronic control device of a vehicle. Such a computer program is suitably provided via a computer program product, comprising a data storage medium readable by an electronic control device, which data storage medium has the computer program stored thereon. Said data storage medium is e.g. an optical data storage medium in the form of a CD-ROM, a DVD, etc., a magnetic data storage medium in the form of a hard disk drive, a diskette, a cassette, etc., or a Flash memory or a ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type memory.

(21) FIG. 6 very schematically illustrates an electronic control device 18 comprising execution means 37, such as a central processor unit (CPU), for the execution of computer software. The execution means 37 communicates with a memory 38, e.g. a RAM memory, via a data bus 39. The control device 18 also comprises a durable data storage medium 40, e.g. in the form of a Flash memory or a ROM, PROM, EPROM or EEPROM type memory. The execution means 37 communicates with the data storage means 40 via the data bus 39. A computer program comprising computer program code for the implementation of a method according to the invention is stored on the data storage medium 40.

(22) The invention is obviously not limited in any way to the embodiments described above, but numerous possible modifications thereof should be obvious to a person skilled in the area, without such person departing from the spirit of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

(23) For example, it is not necessary that the drive system has such an electric power storage means.

(24) The inventive method could be carried out in a vehicle with a drive system, which has the planetary gear's ring gear as said first component and the sun wheel as said third component, which means that the first electrical machine's rotor would be connected with the planetary sun wheel and the second electrical machine's rotor and the combustion engine would be connected with the planetary gear's ring gear instead of with the sun wheel. Advantageously, however, the planetary gear's output shaft for transmission of torque for the vehicle's propulsion is connected with the planetary wheel carrier.

(25) Nor is it necessary for the output shaft from the planetary gear to be an input shaft in a gearbox, instead the vehicle could have no gearbox.