Method for production of porous moldings

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for production of an auto-adhesively bonded, porous, pressure-resistant molding made from comminuted lignocellulosic fibrous materials that are processed at temperatures between 120 C. and 180 C. and a pressure between 2 bar and 8 bar to yield a fiber suspension that is subsequently filled into a mold or applied to a carrier and dried without the addition of a synthetic binder.

Claims

1. A method for production of an auto-adhesively bonded, porous, pressure-resistant molding, comprising: forming an aqueous fiber suspension from comminuted lignocellulosic fibrous materials that are processed at temperatures ranging from 120 C. to 180 C. and a pressure ranging from 2 bar to 8 bar; introducing gases for foaming into the suspension by mechanical, pneumatic and/or thermal processes, and/or adding blowing agents to the fiber suspension prior to filling the fiber suspension into the mold or applying the fiber suspension to the carrier; filling the fiber suspension into a mold or applying the fiber suspension to a carrier; and drying the fiber suspension, wherein the steps of forming, filling or applying, and drying are performed without the addition of a synthetic binder.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the forming step includes an additional step of comminuting the fibrous materials in an unpressurized refiner and at room temperature to produce a fiber length ranging from 200 to 800 m.

3. The method of claim 1, further comprising dewatering of the aqueous fiber suspension by decanting to yield a high-viscosity suspension having a solids-water ratio of 1:3 to 1:10 prior to filling into the mold or applying to the carrier.

4. The method of claim 1, wherein the carrier is selected from the group consisting of a screen belt, nonwoven belt or conveyor belt, and wherein the mold is selected from the group consisting of a three-dimensional, single-piece or multi-piece mold with closed or perforated walls.

5. The method according to claim 3, wherein the high-viscosity suspension is filled into the mold under pressure.

6. The method according to claim 3, further comprising dewatering the high viscosity suspension by reduced pressure or via mechanical pressure, and wherein the drying is performed by thermal drying.

7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the drying is accomplished through use of a convective and/or conductive dryer and/or thermal radiation and/or electromagnetic radiation.

8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the drying is performed in a dryer in steps initially at temperatures ranging from 110 C. to 140 C., after which the temperature of the dryer is reduced to 70 C.

9. The method according to the claim 1 further comprising the step of adding additives to the suspension, wherein said additives are in the form of one or more of hydrophobizing agents, flame retardants, corona-shielding agents, and antimycotics.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the additives are used either alone or as mixtures of at least two additives in quantities of 0.2 mass % to 35 mass % based on a dry mass of the fibrous materials.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein hydrophobizing agents are selected from the group consisting of natural oils, paraffins, waxes, and organosilicon compounds, and the antimycotics comprise a mixture of soda and whey.

12. The method according to claim 1 further comprising adding to the suspension one or more organic foaming agents selected from the group consisting of azobisisobutyronitrile, activated azodicarbonamide, dinitropentamethylene tetramine, hydrazodicarbonamide, oxybissulfohydrazide, oxybisbenzenesulfohydrazide, 5-phenyltetrazole, para-toluenesulfonylsem icarbazide, toluene/benzenesulfohydrazide, and their salts.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the salts are alkali metal salts or alkaline earth metal salts.

14. The method according to claim 12, wherein the organic foaming agents are used either alone or as mixtures of at least two organic foaming agents in proportions of 0.25% mass fractions up to 20% mass fractions based on a dry mass of the fibrous materials.

15. The method of claim 1 further comprising adding to the suspension one or more inorganic foaming agents selected from the group consisting of ammonium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, disodium dihydrogen diphosphate, calcium dihydrogen phosphate, calcium citrate, and alse aluminum powder, alone or in an acidic or a basic medium.

16. The method according to claim 15, wherein the inorganic foaming agents are used either alone or as mixtures of at least two inorganic foaming agents in proportions of 0.25% mass fractions up to 20% mass fractions based on a dry mass of the fibrous materials.

17. The method according to claim 1 further comprising adding to the suspension one or more of spent sulfite, sulfate pulp liquor, turpentine oil, gelling agents, alginates, flour or starch from grain, potatoes, corn, peas or rice, and crosslinking agents.

18. The method according to claim 17 wherein the crosslinking agents are methyl cellulose or gluten.

19. The method according to claim 1 further comprising adding to the suspension one or more synthetic additives, and/or glutaraldehyde.

20. The method according to claim 19 wherein the synthetic additives regulate pH of the suspension and are selected from the group consisting of isocyanates, polymers, and alums.

21. The method according to claim 1 wherein the fibrous materials are acetylated prior to comminution or forming the aqueous fiber suspension.

22. The method according to claim 1 wherein the aqueous fiber suspension has between 5%-50% of fibers having a fiber length between 1000 m and 2500 m.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the blowing agents are gas-producing agents or fully decomposing blowing agents.

24. The method of claim 19 wherein the blowing agents are selected from the group consisting of N.sub.2O, propane, n-butane, pentane, or hydrogen peroxide.

Description

EXAMPLE 1

(1) A suspension of beechwood fibers (TMP) or pinewood fibers and water having a solids content of 7% undergoes further defibration in an atmospheric refiner at room temperature. Next, excess water is removed from the high-viscosity wood fiber suspension by a screen and a solids content of 10% to 15% results. 1000 g of high-viscosity suspension are stirred proportionately with 5% to 35% of hydrogen peroxide (35% solution in water) for up to four minutes in a high-intensity mixer at room temperature. The homogeneous, flowable mass is filled into a mold perforated on all sides and dried at 130 C. for 6 to 20 hours in an oven. The resultant lignocellulose foams exhibit bulk densities of between 50 kg/m.sup.3 and 250 kg/m.sup.3 and bulk density-dependent compressive strengths of 20 kPa to 350 kPa at 10% compression.

EXAMPLE 2

(2) 1000 g of high-viscosity suspension (beechwood fibers or pinewood fibers) having a solids content of 10% to 15% are mixed proportionately with 7% to 20% of protein and then stirred to yield a homogeneous mass (cf. Example 1). Then, proportionately 5% to 35% of hydrogen peroxide (35% solution in water) are added smoothly little by little while stirring. The homogeneous, foamy mass is filled into a mold perforated on all sides and dried at 130 C. for 6 to 20 hours in an oven. The resultant lignocellulose foams exhibit bulk densities of between 50 kg/m.sup.3 and 250 kg/m.sup.3 and bulk density-dependent compressive strengths of 20 kPa to 600 kPa at 10% compression.

EXAMPLE 3

(3) 1000 g of high-viscosity suspension (beechwood fibers or pinewood fibers) having a solids content of 10% to 15% are mixed proportionately with 0.5% to 5% of lignin sulfonate solution (55% solution in water) and then stirred to yield a homogeneous mass (df. Example 1). Then, proportionately 5% to 35% of hydrogen peroxide (35% solution in water) are added smoothly little by little while stirring. The homogeneous, foamy mass is filled into a mold perforated on all sides and dried at 130 C. for 6 to 20 hours in an oven. The resultant lignocellulose foams exhibit bulk densities of between 50 kg/m.sup.3 and 250 kg/m.sup.3 and bulk density-dependent compressive strengths of 20 kPa to 240 kPa at 10% compression.

EXAMPLE 4

(4) 1000 g of high-viscosity suspension (beechwood fibers or pinewood fibers) having a solids content of 10% to 15% are mixed proportionately with 5% to 10% of starch and 7% to 20% of protein and then stirred to yield a homogeneous mass (cf. Example 1). Then, proportionately 5% to 35% of hydrogen peroxide (35% solution in water) are added smoothly little by little while stirring. The homogeneous, foamy mass is filled into a mold perforated on all sides and dried at 130 C. for 6 to 20 hours in an oven. The resultant lignocellulose foams exhibit bulk densities of between 50 kg/m.sup.3 and 250 kg/m.sup.3 and bulk density-dependent compressive strengths of 20 kPa to 600 kPa at 10% compression.

EXAMPLE 5

(5) 1000 g of high-viscosity suspension (beechwood fibers or pinewood fibers) having a solids content of 10% to 15% are mixed proportionately with 10% to 25% of polyurethane dispersion and proportionately with 7% to 20% of protein and then stirred to yield a homogeneous mass (cf. Example 1). Then, proportionately 5% to 35% of hydrogen peroxide (35% solution in water) are added smoothly little by little while stirring. The homogeneous, foamy mass is filled into a mold perforated on all sides and dried at 130 C. for 6 to 20 hours in an oven. The resultant lignocellulose foams exhibit bulk densities of between 50 kg/m.sup.3 and 170 kg/m.sup.3 and bulk density-dependent compressive strengths of 20 kPa to 350 kPa at 10% compression.