METHOD OF MACHINING GAS TURBINE ENGINE COMPONENTS

Abstract

A method of forming a gas turbine engine component including an airfoil and at least one shroud includes the steps of (1) machining a gas path surface of the at least one shroud utilizing a non-electrochemical machining (ECM) process, and (2) then utilizing ECM on at least the airfoil.

Claims

1. A method of forming a gas turbine engine component including an airfoil and at least one shroud comprising the steps of: (1) machining a gas path surface of said at least one shroud utilizing a non-electrochemical machining (ECM) process; and (2) then utilizing ECM on at least said airfoil.

2. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein step (2) includes, using a pulsed ECM process in which a DC current is pulsed with a frequency of between 10 and 50 Hz.

3. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein step (2) includes, using a precise ECM process in which a DC current is pulsed and a linear oscillation of a cathode with a frequency of between 10 and 50 Hz and a constant stroke length is applied in a cathode feed direction.

4. The method as set forth in claim 3, wherein the current is applied at an angular timing of between 80 and 280 degrees of the oscillation, where 0 degrees represents the largest gap between the workpiece and cathode.

5. A method as set forth in claim 1, wherein step (2) includes, using an oscillation of at least one of a cathode and the workpiece in a radial direction of the airfoil.

6. A method as set forth in claim 4, wherein the oscillation of the at least one cathode and workpiece is achieved with piezoelectric elements or mechanically.

7. A method of forming a gas turbine engine component including an airfoil and at least one shroud comprising the steps of: (1) forging an oversized or near-net airfoil shape; (2) machining an airfoil and flow path surfaces of shrouds to provide an optimized input geometry for an electrochemical machining (ECM) process; and (3) utilizing at least one ECM process on said airfoil.

8. A method as set forth in claim 7, wherein step (2) includes, using a pulsed ECM process in which a DC current is pulsed with a frequency of between 10 and 50 Hz.

9. A method as set forth in claim 7, wherein step (2) includes, using a precise ECM process in which a DC current is pulsed and a linear oscillation of a cathode with a frequency of between 10 and 50 Hz and a constant stroke length is applied in a cathode feed direction.

10. The method as set forth in claim 9, wherein the current is applied at an angular timing of between 80 and 280 degrees of the oscillation, where 0 degrees represents the largest gap between the workpiece and cathode.

11. A method as set forth in claim 7, wherein step (2) includes, using an oscillation of at least one of a cathode and the workpiece in a radial direction of the airfoil.

12. A method as set forth in claim 11, wherein the oscillation of the at least one of the cathode and the workpiece is achieved mechanically or with piezoelectric elements.

13. A method as set forth in claim 7, wherein a cathode is moved at an angle with a component towards said shroud and a component towards said airfoil during step (z).

14. A method of forming a gas turbine engine component including an airfoil and at least one shroud comprising the steps of: (1) Machining an optimized input geometry from bar stock using a non-electrochemical machining (ECM) processing; and (2) utilizing at least one ECM process on said airfoil.

15. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein step (2) includes, using a pulsed ECM process in which a DC current is pulsed.

16. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein step (2) includes, using a precise ECM process in which a DC current is pulsed and a linear oscillation of a cathode is applied in a cathode feed direction.

17. A method as set forth in claim 16, wherein step (2) includes, using a lateral oscillation of a cathode to minimize mismatch between conventionally and electrochemically machined surfaces.

18. A method as set forth in claim 14, wherein step (2) includes, using a lateral oscillation of a cathode to minimize mismatch between conventionally and electrochemically machined surfaces.

19. A method as set forth in claim 18, wherein the oscillation of the cathode is achieved mechanically.

20. A method as set forth in claim 19, wherein the oscillation of the cathode is achieved with piezoelectric elements.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0030] FIG. 1 shows a first step in a first method of machining.

[0031] FIG. 2 shows a subsequent step.

[0032] FIG. 3 is a side view of the FIG. 2 step.

[0033] FIG. 4 shows an alternative method of machining.

[0034] FIG. 5 shows a step subsequent to the step shown in FIG. 4.

[0035] FIG. 6 shows a step subsequent to the step shown in FIG. 5.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0036] FIG. 1 shows machining of a gas turbine engine component 20. The component 20 includes an airfoil 22 and shrouds 24 and 26. Surfaces 27 of the shrouds 24 and 26 face each other, and will form a portion of a gas flow path when the component 20 is mounted in a gas turbine engine. As such, it is important for the surfaces to be machined.

[0037] In the FIG. 1 method a conventional machining step is performed on the surfaces 27. This is shown schematically with a milling tool 28. Grinding or other conventional machining steps may alternatively be used. Machining can also be provided by more modern steps such as laser machining, electrical discharge machining, and water jet machining, as examples. Collectively all of these various machining steps could be known as non-ECM processes. This definition carries over to all of the methods disclosed in the following paragraphs.

[0038] FIG. 2 shows a step subsequent to the machining of the surfaces 27. Now, cathodes 42 are brought adjacent to the airfoil surface 22 to machine the airfoil. The ECM method utilized here may be generally as known. It is the combination of the conventional machining steps of FIG. 1 with the steps of FIG. 2 which is novel here.

[0039] As shown in a side bar, an area 50 merges the airfoil 22 into the surface 27. The cathode 42 may have a curved edge 43 at that surface which forms the merge area 50 between the two surfaces which are formed by distinct machining techniques.

[0040] FIG. 3 is a view generally perpendicular to that of FIG. 2.

[0041] FIG. 4 shows a distinct method. In this method an initial block 100 includes a good deal of additional material that must be removed to get to the airfoil 104 and shrouds 106 and 108. The material is cut away by conventional machining such as a milling or grinding operation shown schematically with tool 102.

[0042] For that matter, rather than a block 100 the FIG. 4 step could start from bar stock.

[0043] As shown in FIG. 5, subsequent to reaching an intermediate part, an ECM cathode 110 is brought adjacent to the surface 127 of one of the shrouds 106. The cathode 110A is brought in at an angle A to machine the surface 127. The illustrated angle A is not intended to be a particularly desirable angle. The actual angle may be selected once one knows the involved geometries. Essentially, the cathode may be brought toward the airfoil but in a direction with a non-zero component X toward one of the surfaces on a shroud and a non-zero component Y towards airfoil 104. This will allow for the cathode to adjust to various angles between the shroud and the airfoil.

[0044] As one example a cathode feed direction on a pressure and suction side of the airfoil could be between 5 (A.sub.1) and 40 (A.sub.2) degrees offset from a normal N to a stacking axis X of the airfoil. A cathode feed rate could be between 0.05 and 0.75 mm/min during machining.

[0045] As shown in FIG. 6, the intermediate part may be flipped over and the opposed surface 127 on the shroud 108 is machined with a cathode 110B moving at an angle in a manner similar to that mentioned above. Cathodes 110A and 110B will likely have different geometries designed as appropriate.

[0046] The airfoil 104 itself may be machined with steps as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3, or could be machined as part of the steps in FIGS. 5 and 6.

[0047] With any of these basic ideas there are other options which may be utilized. As examples, a pulsed ECM process may be utilized in which the current, and in particular a DC current is pulsed.

[0048] Further, a precise ECM process may be utilized wherein the DC current is pulsed and/or there is also linear oscillation of the cathode relative to its feed rate to provide even finer control over the final surface.

[0049] The pulsed current could have a frequency of between 10 and 50 Hz and a constant stroke length. In addition, the current could be applied at an angular timing of between 80 and 280 degrees of the oscillation where 0 degrees represents the largest gap between the workpiece and the cathode.

[0050] Further, there may be lateral oscillation of the cathode utilized to minimize mismatch between the conventional and ECM machined surfaces. This oscillation could be applied either by mechanical processes or by piezoelectric actuators.

[0051] In addition, such a lateral oscillation may be beneficial if steps 5 and 6 are utilized to remove any mismatch between the machining of FIGS. 5 and 6. Alternatively, such a step could be used to minimize mismatch between surfaces machined in separate electrochemical machining steps.

[0052] Although embodiments and methods have been disclosed, a worker of ordinary skill in this art would recognize that certain modifications would come within the scope of this disclosure. For that reason, the following claim should be considered to understand the full scope of this disclosure.