SYSTEM AND METHOD FOR ELIMINATING NUISANCE FUSE OPERATION ASSOCIATED WITH MEDIUM VOLTAGE DISTRIBUTION TRANSFORMERS

Abstract

A system and method for clearing overcurrent in a power distribution network. The network includes a feeder, a lateral line coupled to the feeder, a lateral line current interrupting device provided where the lateral line is coupled to the feeder, a plurality of service lines coupled to the lateral line, a distribution current interrupting device provided where a service line is coupled to the lateral line and a distribution transformer provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line. The method includes setting an operating time of the lateral line interrupting device to be longer than an operating time of the distribution interrupting devices, detecting overcurrent by the lateral line interrupting device and at least one of distribution interrupting devices, and operating the at least one the distribution interrupting device and not operating the lateral line interrupting device in response to detecting the overcurrent.

Claims

1. A method for clearing overcurrent in a power distribution network, the power distribution network including a feeder, a lateral line coupled to the feeder, a lateral line current interrupting device provided at a location where the lateral line is coupled to the feeder, a plurality of service lines coupled to the lateral line, a distribution current interrupting device provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line and a distribution transformer provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line, the method comprising: setting an operating time of the lateral line interrupting device to be longer than an operating time of the distribution interrupting devices; detecting overcurrent by the lateral line interrupting device and at least one of the distribution interrupting devices; and operating the at least one distribution interrupting device and not operating the lateral line interrupting device in response to detecting the overcurrent.

2. The method according to claim 1 wherein the operating time of the distribution interrupting devices is one current cycle or less.

3. The method according to claim 2 wherein the operating time of the lateral line interrupting device is about two current cycles.

4. The method according to claim 1 wherein the distribution network further includes a surge arrestor coupled to each distribution transformer.

5. The method according to claim 1 wherein the interrupting devices are cut-out mounted interrupting devices.

6. The method according to claim 1 wherein the interrupting devices are single-phase self-powered magnetically actuated reclosers.

7. The method according to claim 1 wherein the interrupting devices include a vacuum interrupter.

8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the distribution interrupting device and the distribution transformer are mounted to the same utility pole.

9. A method for clearing overcurrent in a power distribution network, the power distribution network including a feeder, a lateral line coupled to the feeder, a plurality of service lines coupled to the lateral line, a distribution current interrupting device provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line and a distribution transformer provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line, the method comprising: setting an operating time of the distribution interrupting devices to be one current cycle or less; detecting overcurrent by at least one of distribution interrupting devices; and operating the at least one the distribution interrupting device in response to detecting the overcurrent.

10. The method according to claim 9 wherein the distribution network further includes a surge arrestor coupled to each distribution transformer.

11. The method according to claim 9 wherein the interrupting devices are single-phase self-powered magnetically actuated reclosers.

12. The method according to claim 9 wherein the distribution interrupting device and the distribution transformer are mounted to the same utility pole.

13. A system for clearing overcurrent in a power distribution network, the power distribution network including a feeder, a lateral line coupled to the feeder, a lateral line current interrupting device provided at a location where the lateral line is coupled to the feeder, a plurality of service lines coupled to the lateral line, a distribution current interrupting device provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line and a distribution transformer provided at each location where a service line is coupled to the lateral line, the system comprising: means for setting an operating time of the lateral line interrupting device to be longer than an operating time of the distribution interrupting devices; means for detecting overcurrent by the lateral line interrupting device and at least one of the distribution interrupting devices; and means for operating the at least one distribution interrupting device and not operating the lateral line interrupting device in response to detecting the overcurrent.

14. The system according to claim 13 wherein the operating time of the distribution interrupting devices is one current cycle or less.

15. The system according to claim 14 wherein the operating time of the lateral line interrupting device is about two current cycles.

16. The system according to claim 13 wherein the distribution network further includes a surge arrestor coupled to each distribution transformer.

17. The system according to claim 13 wherein the interrupting devices are cut-out mounted interrupting devices.

18. The system according to claim 13 wherein the interrupting devices are single-phase self-powered magnetically actuated reclosers.

19. The system according to claim 13 wherein the interrupting devices include a vacuum interrupter.

20. The system according to claim 13 wherein the distribution interrupting device and the distribution transformer are mounted to the same utility pole.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] FIG. 1 is a schematic type diagram of an electrical power distribution network including fuses;

[0017] FIG. 2 is a schematic type diagram of another electrical power distribution network including current interrupting devices;

[0018] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a pole mounted transformer system including a distribution transformer and a current interrupting device; and

[0019] FIG. 4 is a logarithmic graph with current on the horizontal axis and time on the vertical axis showing TCC operating curves for interrupting devices.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0020] The following discussion of the embodiments of the disclosure directed to a method for clearing overcurrent in a power distribution network that includes setting an operating time of an interrupting device located at a connection point between a feeder and a lateral line to be longer than an operating time of interrupting devices provided in connection with distribution transformers is merely exemplary in nature, and is in no way intended to limit the disclosure or its applications or uses.

[0021] FIG. 1 is a schematic type diagram of an electrical power distribution network 10 including an electrical substation 12 that steps down high voltage power on a high voltage power line (not shown) to medium voltage power, such as 12-47 kV, provided on a substation bus 14. A three-phase feeder 16 is connected to the bus 14 and a three-phase recloser 18 is provided proximate the connection point between the feeder 16 and the bus 14. The network 10 also includes single-phase lateral lines 22 coupled to the feeder 16 usually at a utility pole 20 and a secondary service lines 24 coupled to each lateral line 22 usually at a utility pole 26, where a lateral fuse 28 is provided at the connection point between each lateral line 22 and the feeder 16 and a primary fuse 30 is provided at the connection point between each lateral line 22 and each service line 24. A distribution transformer 32 is provided at the beginning of each service line 24 that steps down the voltage from the medium voltage to a low voltage to be provided to loads 34, such as homes.

[0022] As mentioned above, it has been proposed in the art to replace the fuses 28 and 30 with electronic current interrupting devices, such as single-phase self-powered magnetically actuated devices that employ vacuum interrupters. These devices typically employ sensors for measuring the current and/or voltage of the power signal propagating on the line, a controller for processing the measurement signals and controlling the position of the vacuum interrupter, and a transceiver for transmitting data and messages to a control facility (not shown) and/or to other reclosers and components in the network 10. Replacing all of the fuses on a power system's distribution lateral lines with intelligent interrupting devices as described above will prevent the multiple mis-operation scenario described above. This approach will also eliminate sustained outages caused by surge arrestor end-of-life events, while also eliminating fuse damage from transients at all locations along the feeder 16 and/or lateral lines 22.

[0023] FIG. 2 is a schematic type diagram of an electrical power distribution network 90 that is similar to the network 10, but where the fuses 28 and 30 have been replaced with current interrupting devices. The network 90 includes a three-phase feeder 92, a single-phase lateral line 94 tapped off of the feeder 92 and service lines 96 tapped off of the lateral line 94. Each service line 96 includes a distribution transformer 98 that is protected by a surge arrestor 100. A cutout mounted reclosing device 102 is provided at the location where the lateral line 94 is tapped off of the feeder 92 and a self-resetting interrupting device 104 is provided on the service line 96 between the location where the service line 96 is tapped off of the lateral line 94 and the distribution transformer 98.

[0024] FIG. 3 is an illustration of a pole mounted transformer system 40 showing one configuration for the distribution transformer 98 and the device 104. The system 40 includes a distribution transformer 42 mounted to a utility pole 46 and a self-resetting current interrupting device 44 mounted to the utility pole 46 by a mount 48 and an insulator 50, where the interrupting device 44 replaces the traditional fuse 30.

[0025] The transformer 42 includes an outer tank 52 that is generally cylindrically shaped having a cover or lid 54 that is typically filled with insulating fluid, such as mineral oil, that houses the primary and secondary coils and the transformer core assembly. The transformer 42 will have a certain size and power rating based on the amount of load it services, a primary voltage at the terminals of the primary coil during normal operation, a normal full load or base current calculated using nameplate kVA and voltage and a current overload percentage that allows the transformer 42 to operate a certain percentage above its normal load for a certain amount of time. In one non-limiting example merely for representative purposes, the transformer 42 may have a power rating of 25 kVA (kilovolt-ampere), a primary voltage of 7.2 kV, a base current of 3.5A and an overload percentage of 250%.

[0026] The interrupting device 44 is intended to represent any fault interrupting device of the type discussed above, such as a single-phase self-powered magnetically actuated recloser that employs a vacuum interrupter, suitable for performing current interrupting operations at a location where a power line 56 is tapped off of a lateral line (not shown). The interrupting device 44 includes a vacuum interrupter 60 and an enclosure 58 housing all of the actuators, electronics, components, sensors for measuring and harvesting current, controllers, processors, communications devices, etc. for operating the interrupting device 44 as discussed herein. If the interrupting device 44 performs current detecting operations and the fault current is still present and repeated current interruption is required, it will be released from a connector 62 and pivot on a hinge 64 to provide a visual indication that is has operated.

[0027] The power line 56 at medium voltage that is tapped off of the service line 96 is electrically coupled to one terminal of the interrupting device 44 and a power line 66 at medium voltage is electrically coupled to the other terminal of the interrupting device 44 and the primary winding in the transformer 42 through a bushing 70, where the bushing 70 includes an internal conductor and an outer insulation body. A surge arrestor 68 is coupled to the line 66 and the tank 52 to provide over-voltage protection from, for example, lightning strikes that may have a duration much less than the response time of the interrupting device 44, but could otherwise cause a traditional fuse to mis-operate or be damaged. The transformer 42 steps down the medium voltage on the line 66 to a lower voltage, and, in this example, provides 120 volt power at a terminal 74 or 76 and a ground terminal 78 and 240 volt power between the terminals 74 and 76, where the ground terminal 78 is electrically coupled to a neutral line (not shown) in most applications.

[0028] In one embodiment when used in combination with the distribution transformer 42, the interrupting device 44 interrupts fault current in less than one power line cycle (16.6 msec @60 Hz). This type of device can be designed and manufactured in a way to be tolerant of transient fault currents, thereby not changing its performance after many repeated overcurrent events. This approach completely addresses the fuse damage and resulting mis-operation described above, thus eliminating the sustained outages caused by the described fuse events. As a result, it also allows the surge arrestor 68 to be connected downstream of the device 44 and improves the effectiveness of the surge arrestor 68. Further, by designing the interrupting device 44 to automatically reclose several seconds (5-50) after the initial overcurrent event addresses the need to have a line crew travel to the surge arrestor location to restore power. The surge arrestor 68 will still need to be replaced, but this is not required to restore power.

[0029] The reclosing device 102 can be programmed with a minimum trip time for overcurrent events for current above the instantaneous level, causing it to delay its fault clearing operation until after the downstream interrupting devices, i.e., the interrupting device 44 provided in combination with the distribution transformer 42, have operated. In this embodiment, the reclosing device 102 has a definite time function that allows rapid coordination with other interrupting devices. In the case of a single-cycle clearing interrupting device at the distribution transformer 42, this minimum trip can be as short as 2 current cycles (25 msec @60 Hz) assuming the downstream device 44 at the distribution transformers 42 can clear in 1 current cycle or less. This improves on the system concept described above by eliminating the momentary outages caused by series-wired fault clearing devices operating simultaneously on an end-of-life surge arrestor fault.

[0030] This feature can be seen by FIG. 4, which is a logarithmic graph with current in amps on the horizontal axis and time in seconds on the vertical axis. Typically, the operation of interrupting devices used in combination with distribution transformers are programmed to follow the general fuse characteristic of the fuse that that they replace. In this example, TCC operating curve 80 is designed for operating the interrupting device 44 and TCC operating curve 82 is designed for operating the reclosing device 102, where the interrupting device 44 operates faster than the reclosing device 102. Therefore, if overcurrent occurs at the surge arrestor 68, the interrupting device 44 operates before the reclosing device 102 will operate, thus preventing the reclosing device 102 from operating, which reduces the number of customers that are affected by the overcurrent event. In one example, the TCC curve 80 is a standard 10T transformer fuse curve with a 2 cycle minimum clear and the TCC curve 82 is a 50K TCC with a 85 msec definite time element starting at 800 kA.

[0031] The foregoing discussion discloses and describes merely exemplary embodiments of the present disclosure. One skilled in the art will readily recognize from such discussion and from the accompanying drawings and claims that various changes, modifications and variations can be made therein without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the following claims.