IMPROVEMENTS IN, OR RELATING TO, PEST CONTROL

Abstract

Disclosed is a self-resetting pest control apparatus to incapacitate a target pest species and reset itself after such incapacitation. The trap has a kill engine to at least in part deliver incapacitating energy to the target species, whereby the kill engine does not require electricity, the kill engine using an inflammable gas charge, the kill engine when triggered, will actuate and then reset itself. Present also is a source of compressed inflammable gas, connected to and supplying the kill engine. A force delivery hammer, driven by the kill engine, that when actuated linearly delivers the incapacitating energy to the target pest species by impacting thereon. There is also a trap enclosure from which the kill engine is at least in part mounted, the trap enclosure having an entry point for the target pest species into an interior of the trap enclosure, a bait station, and trigger mechanism to trigger the kill engine. A species adapter connects at least in part to the trap enclosure to adapt the trap enclosure to the target pest species, the species adapter based on the size, habits or travel nature of the target pest species. Such that when a target pest species enters the apparatus it triggers the trigger mechanism, causing the kill engine to actuate and deliver incapacitating energy to the target pest species.

Claims

1. A self-resetting pest control apparatus to incapacitate a target pest species and reset itself after such incapacitation, comprising or including, A kill engine to at least in part deliver incapacitating energy to the target species, whereby the kill engine does not require electricity, the kill engine using an inflammable gas charge, the kill engine when triggered, will actuate and then reset itself, a source of compressed inflammable gas, connected to and supplying the kill engine, a force delivery hammer, driven by the kill engine, that when actuated linearly delivers the incapacitating energy to the target pest species by impacting thereon, A trap enclosure from which the kill engine is at least in part mounted, the trap enclosure having an entry point for the target pest species into an interior of the trap enclosure, a bait station, and trigger mechanism to trigger the kill engine, and, A species adapter to connect at least in part to the trap enclosure to adapt the trap enclosure to the target pest species, the species adapter based on the size, habits or travel nature of the target pest species, such that when a target pest species enters the apparatus it triggers the trigger mechanism, causing the kill engine to actuate and deliver incapacitating energy to the target pest species.

2. Apparatus as claimed in claim 1 wherein the force delivery hammer impacts the target pest species at a first location, and then, after the first location, at a second location.

3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 wherein the first location is the skull region and the second location is the body region.

4. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein the force delivery hammer is contoured to reduce the area of delivery to the target pest species, to increase the impact stress/energy delivered to effect a humane kill.

5. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 3 wherein there is a force delivery portion to at least in part co-operate with the force delivery hammer in delivering the incapacitating energy.

6. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 4 wherein the force delivery portion acts from the opposing side the force delivery hammer acts from.

7. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 6 wherein the kill engine is triggered by compressed gas via the trigger mechanism triggered by the target pest species.

8. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 7 wherein the kill engine re-sets itself using a portion of the air charge.

9. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 8 wherein the portion of the air charge is used after the air charge has done a majority of the work in delivering the incapacitating energy.

10. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 9 wherein the pest control apparatus includes a fluidly connected refillable gas reservoir to hold a store of gas for the gas charge.

11. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 10 wherein the gas is stored in the refillable reservoir at a pressure between 600 pounds per square inch and 6000 pounds per square inch.

12. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 11 wherein the gas is regulated to operate the piston at between 125 pounds per square inch and 600 pounds per square inch.

13. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 12 wherein the gas is stored at 800 pounds per square inch.

14. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 13 wherein the gas is regulated to operate the piston at 175 pounds per square inch.

15. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 14 wherein the refillable reservoir remains connected when being refilled.

16. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 15 wherein the kill engine drives a piston linearly within a working chamber of the kill engine.

17. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 16 wherein the piston is connected, directly or indirectly, to a striking rod, which is turn is connected, directly or indirectly to the force delivery hammer.

18. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein the piston is directly connected to the striking rod which in turn is directly connected to the force delivery hammer.

19. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 17 wherein the piston is connected to the force delivery hammer by a force transmission mechanism.

20. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 19 wherein the force transmission mechanism can amplify or reduce the force delivered by, or the travel of, the force delivery hammer.

21. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein the path of the force delivery hammer defines a kill zone at least in part within an interior of the trap enclosure.

22. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 20 wherein inwardly from the kill zone is the bait station and trigger mechanism.

23. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 21 wherein the bait station is accessible from an exterior of the trap enclosure for removal and or checking and refreshing of the bait.

24. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 23 wherein the bait container is partially permeable and partially or fully transparent in some implementations to facilitate line of sight through the apparatus.

25. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 24 wherein the trap enclosure includes, at least in part, an exit aperture from the interior to the exterior, such that the incapacitated target pest species can be ejected from the interior to the exterior.

26. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 24 wherein the force delivery portion at least in part obscures the exit aperture.

27. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 26 wherein the force delivery portion includes a latchable door that co-operates with the force delivery hammer in ejecting the pest from trap and/or delivering the incapacitating energy by initially resisting the force delivery hammer.

28. Apparatus as claimed in claim 27 wherein the force delivery hammer delivers a primary incapacitating energy and the force delivery portion co-operates to deliver a secondary incapacitating energy, one or more or both together sufficient to incapacitate the target pest species.

29. Apparatus as claimed in any either of claim 27 or 28 wherein the latchable door at least in part further obscures the exit aperture.

30. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 29 wherein the latchable door is on a time or energy delay to increase the energy delivery to the target pest species.

31. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 30 wherein after the time or energy delay the latchable door opens to expel the target pest species via the exit aperture.

32. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 31 wherein the latchable door opens in a direction parallel to the motion of the force delivery hammer.

33. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 32 wherein the latchable door is pivoted on an axis above the kill zone such that when it opens it swings out of the way, the energy imparted to the target pest species then expels it from the kill zone.

34. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 33 wherein latchable door uses a magnet, mechanical latch, timing or similar mechanism that is overcome by the energy to then release the door, or that releases the door a certain period of time after triggering of the kill engine, or movement of the force delivery hammer.

35. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 27 to 34 wherein the latchable door is biased to return to the closed latched state by gravity or a biasing mechanism.

36. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 35 wherein the exit aperture is in a plane substantially perpendicular to the linear action of the force delivery hammer.

37. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 36 wherein the entry point is in a plane substantially parallel to the linear action of the force delivery hammer.

38. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 37 wherein the linear action of the force delivery hammer is substantially perpendicular to the line of sight.

39. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 38 wherein the force delivery portion is a fixed portion of the trap enclosure which the target pest species will be forced against by the force delivery hammer, to deliver further energy to the target pest species.

40. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 39 wherein expulsion of the incapacitated target pest species is at least in part aided by gravity.

41. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 40 wherein the exit aperture can serve as an entry point for the target pest species.

42. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 41 wherein the species adapter also provides at least in part a mounting portion to mount the pest control apparatus on a mounting surface.

43. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 42 wherein the mounting surface is a ground or similar surface.

44. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 42 wherein, the mounting surface is an angled surface which requires a fastening or similar through the mounting portion to the mounting surface.

45. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 44 wherein the kill engine can be removed from the trap enclosure should it need repair, maintenance or replacement, and the trap enclosure can be left in place.

46. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 45 wherein the species adapter includes a guide portion to the entry point.

47. Apparatus as claimed claim 46 wherein the guide portion is a guide surface or surfaces for the target pest species to move along from the mounting surface to the entry point.

48. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 47 wherein the species adapter at least in part defines the entry point.

49. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 48 wherein the species adapter at least in part defines the exit aperture.

50. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 49 wherein the species adapter for predominantly ground dwelling target pest species, such as, but not limited to, rats, mice, rodents, stoats, ferrets, weasels and similar consists of a flat guide surface from the mounting surface to the entry point, and is inclined if the entry point is above the level of the mounting surface.

51. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 50 wherein for predominantly ground dwelling target pest species the species adapter forms a lower floor for movement along by the target pest species for some or all of the interior of the trap enclosure.

52. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 51 wherein the species adapter for vertically curious or moving target pest species, such as, but not limited to possums or stoats, includes a guide surface into the entry point, and facilitates the target pest species to reach the trigger mechanism and kill zone.

53. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 52 wherein the guide surface facilitates grip for the target pest species, or allows the target pest species to grip and move along the mounting surface, for example a tree or log.

54. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 53 wherein the species adapter is removably connectable to the trap enclosure.

55. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 54 wherein the force delivery hammer is contoured to amplify the incapacitating energy over certain, or smaller areas.

56. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 55 wherein the species adapter, or the trap enclosure, provides a closable entry to a carcass retention space to store the carcass of the target pest species once incapacitated.

57. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 56 wherein the kill engine operates to deliver the incapacitating energy via the force delivery hammer orthogonal to the line of sight.

58. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 57 wherein a specific target species apparatus can be assembled from the kill engine, trap enclosure and specific target species adapter.

59. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 58 wherein the trigger mechanism is activated by a body part of the pest, such as the head, body or feet, or may be operated when the pest bites a portion of the trigger mechanism.

60. Apparatus as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 59 wherein the entry point has a line of sight from the entry, through the trap enclosure, to exterior of the trap enclosure.

61. A kill engine for a self-resetting pest control apparatus the kill engine can co-operate with a trap enclosure to incapacitate a target pest species and reset itself after such incapacitation, comprising or including, A trigger receiving mechanism to receive input from a trigger mechanism from the trap enclosure, A dose chamber to hold a charge of high pressure air which can be supplied from a source of compressed air, A working chamber valved via a dose valve at a proximal end thereof, where in resting state the dose valve prevents the charge from entering the working chamber, A piston contained within the working chamber and able to translate along the working chamber, A striking rod, connected to, or from, the piston, to translate there with, Wherein the trigger receiving mechanism when triggered will rapidly open the dose valve to allow the charge of air to enter the working chamber to a first side of the piston, and drive the piston and striking rod along the working chamber, and wherein the striking rod, or part thereof will extend to then drive a force delivery hammer to the target pest species and deliver incapacitating energy to the target pest species, the dose valve closing to then receive a further charge of air into the dose chamber, and wherein a first biasing on a second side, opposite to the first, of the piston, within the working chamber will act to slow the piston at or towards a distal end of the working chamber, and then return the piston toward the proximal end, and wherein an exhaust valve is opened in communication with the first side to allow the piston to return to a pre-triggered, reset position, the exhaust valve closing, and the trigger receiving mechanism ready to re-trigger the kill engine.

62. A kill engine as claimed in claim 61 wherein the first biasing is a spring or air compressed by the second side of the piston within the working chamber.

63. A kill engine as claimed in either of claim 61 or 62 wherein the force delivery hammer and striking rod are retracted when the piston returns to the proximal position.

64. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 63 wherein the source of compressed air is attached and retained to the kill engine.

65. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 64 wherein the source of compressed air is refillable to enable recharging of the kill engine.

66. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 65 wherein the kill engine, with the trap enclosure, is light weight and portable.

67. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 66 wherein the kill engine is at least in part mounted from the trap enclosure.

68. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 67 wherein the trap enclosure has an entry point for the target pest species into an interior of the trap enclosure, the entry point having a line of sight from the entry, through the trap enclosure, to exterior of the trap enclosure.

69. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 68 wherein the bait station entices the target pest species to the interior and into a kill zone of the kill engine.

70. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 69 wherein the trap enclose houses a bait station, and trigger mechanism to trigger the trigger receiving mechanism.

71. A kill engine as claimed in any one of claims 61 to 70 wherein there is a species adapter to connect at least in part to the trap enclosure to adapt the trap enclosure to the target species, the species adapter based on the size, habits or travel nature of the target pest species.

72. A method of incapacitating a target pest species, comprising or including the steps of, i. Arming an air powered kill engine from a source of compressed air to at least in part deliver incapacitating energy to the target species, whereby the kill engine does not require electricity, the kill engine can be triggered, then actuate and then reset itself, the kill engine driving a force delivery hammer, which when actuated will linearly deliver the incapacitating energy to the target pest species, ii. Providing a trap enclosure from which the kill engine is at least in part mounted, the trap enclosure having an entry point for the target pest species into an interior of the trap enclosure, a bait station, and trigger mechanism to trigger the kill engine, and, iii. Providing a species adapter to connect at least in part to the trap enclosure to adapt the trap enclosure to the target species, the species adapter based on the size, habits or travel nature of the target pest species.

73. A method as claimed in claim 72 wherein the entry point has a line of sight from the entry, through the trap enclosure, to exterior of the trap enclosure.

74. A method of providing a self-resetting pest control apparatus to incapacitate a target pest species and reset itself after such incapacitation comprising or including the steps of assembling the apparatus from a kill engine, trap enclosure and specific target species adapter to form the species specific self-resetting pest control apparatus.

75. A self-resetting pest control apparatus as described herein with reference to any one or more of the accompanying drawings.

76. A method of incapacitating a target pest species as described herein with reference to any one or more of the accompanying drawings.

77. A method of providing a self-resetting pest control apparatus as described herein with reference to any one or more of the accompanying drawings.

78. A kill engine for a self-resetting pest control apparatus as described herein with reference to any one or more of the accompanying drawings.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0208] Preferred forms of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which;

[0209] FIG. 1 shows an exploded isometric view of a preferred embodiment of the invention,

[0210] FIG. 2 shows a top view of a preferred embodiment of the invention,

[0211] FIG. 3 shows a bottom view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,

[0212] FIG. 4 shows a left hand side view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, configured with a species adapter to target possums, vertically curious or tree or similar dwelling, moving target pest species,

[0213] FIG. 5 shows a right hand side view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,

[0214] FIG. 6 shows a rear view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,

[0215] FIG. 7 shows a front view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1, showing the entry point from the exterior to the interior, and line of sight through the trap enclosure, the latchable door open, and the force delivery hammer partly extended,

[0216] FIG. 8 shows a front perspective view of FIG. 7,

[0217] FIG. 9 shows a further perspective front view of FIG. 7,

[0218] FIG. 10 shows a front view of the enclosure with a target pest species entering the trap enclosure, via the species adapter,

[0219] FIG. 11 shows a similar view to that of FIG. 10 with the target pest species in the interior, about to trigger the kill engine,

[0220] FIG. 12 shows a similar view to that of FIG. 11 with the target pest species having received a primary incapacitating energy from the force delivery hammer, and now receiving a secondary incapacitating energy from the force delivery portion,

[0221] FIG. 13 shows a similar view to FIG. 12 where the force delivery portion is a latchable door that after a time or energy delay opens to allow carcass expulsion through the exit aperture,

[0222] FIG. 14 shows a back view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,

[0223] FIG. 15 shows a horizontal sectional view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,

[0224] FIG. 16 shows a vertical sectional view of the preferred embodiment of FIG. 1,

[0225] FIG. 17 shows a similar view to that of FIG. 12, but where there is no latchable door, and the force delivery portion is a fixed portion, and the target pest species impacts the force delivery portion as part of its expulsion from the exit aperture,

[0226] FIG. 18A shows a detail of a variation of the hammer in bottom view, having a head impacting region, and an offset body impacting region,

[0227] FIG. 18B shows a detail of the hammer variation in isometric view, having a head impacting region, and an offset body impacting region,

[0228] FIG. 19 shows the off-set hammer variation of FIG. 18 in a ready to fire position in a trap, with a pest in the trap that is in position to fire the trap,

[0229] FIG. 20 shows the sequence of the trap firing the hammer variation and it extending, the head impacting region impacting the skull of the pest, ahead of the body impacting region in plan view in a trap,

[0230] FIG. 21 shows the energy transfer into the pest and it being expelled from the trap, and

[0231] FIG. 22 shows a side view similar to that of FIG. 4 with the trap connected to a tree or similarly vertically arranged, and the head of a possum or similar pest inside the kill zone activating a bite trigger.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0232] Preferred embodiments will now be described with reference to FIGS. 1 through 22.

[0233] With reference to FIG. 1, the exploded view of a preferred form of the invention as a pest control apparatus 18, the components of the apparatus are a trap enclosure 19, and a species adapter 33, which in the embodiment shown includes a ramp 1. Within the trap enclosure 19 there is a strike zone 3, and specifically within this a kill zone 34. Within the strike zone 3 is a striking rod 5 and hammer 25 connected to the striking rod, for example by a fastener, other connection, or may be a one piece component, and in this embodiment a latchable door 7 and a bait catchment 6.

[0234] The species adapter 33 shown in FIGS. 1 to 17 is for ground dwelling or moving, pests such as rats, mice and stoats. The pest control apparatus 18 is also shown optionally mounted in a vertical orientation, such as a tree, in FIG. 4 for pests that also climb trees.

[0235] This species adapter 33, shown at least in FIG. 1, has a guide portion 46, and in particular a guide surface 47. In the embodiment shown the guide surface 47 is a ramp 1 that is open from both sides. In other forms, discussed later in FIGS. 19 through 22, the guide surface 47 may have side portions to further guide the pest in, and may take whatever surface contour, or inclination as necessary to guide the pest in. For example, when the trap enclosure 19, or species adapter 33 place the apparatus 18 closer to the mounting surface 45, then the guide surface 47 may be a very shallow or flat surface such as that shown in FIG. 19. In other variations, such as shown in FIG. 22 for possums and the like target pest species 19, the guide portions 46, may be for a specific part of the target pest species 19 body, for example as shown the head region 56 or a specific part thereof. Likewise, the apparatus 18 may guide a first location 54 or portion of the body of the pest 19 and impact a second location 55—such as in the further variation shown for rats and like rodent pests 19 in FIGS. 19 through 21. The hammer 25 may also be shaped to deliver sequential impacts to different locations as will be described.

[0236] Three variations of hammer 25 are shown in FIGS. 1, 18, and 22 respectively, and these may or may not have corrugations, ribs or similar to multiply, increase or focus the impact energy on the pest 20. They all function to impart energy into the target pest species 20. The hammer 25 of FIG. 1 does so by impacting the pest 20 with energy that renders it irreversibly unconscious in very short time.

[0237] The hammer 25 of FIG. 18 is designed to sequentially impact the pest 20, a connection point 61 to the striking rod 5, for example by using a threaded fastener, is shown. It can be seen the hammer has a first impacting region 58 and a second impacting region 59, there may also be further impacting regions as needed. The first impacting region 58 extends beyond the second impacting region 59 as shown in FIG. 18(A). This is so as the hammer 25 moves toward the pest 20 it impacts a first location 54 of the pest, and then a second location 55. In the example shown in FIG. 20 the first location 54 is the head region 56 and the second location 55 is the body region 57. Impact of the first impacting region 58 to the head 56 is sufficient to render the pest 20 irreversibly unconscious when the pest is a mouse, rat or other rodent. The impact of the second impacting region 59 then propels the carcass of the dispatched pest out of the trap interior 28 to the exterior 30, if a door 7 is present these impacts impart sufficient energy to propel the pest 20 against the door to open it and propel the pest to the exterior 30.

[0238] The hammers 25 may have extensions or other contouring 60, on one or more of its impacting surfaces, that act to focus the energy or multiply the force of the impact by targeting a smaller area and increasing the trauma delivered.

[0239] In the preferred form the hammer 25 delivers sufficient energy to the pest 20 to disrupt and damage the brain matter of the pest sufficiently to render it irreversibly unconscious.

[0240] The third variation of hammer is that shown in FIG. 22 and in this case is shown in use against a possum as the pest 20, however this may work on other pests who have a similar anatomy to a possum. In this variation the hammer 25 is a rounded projectile and has a first impacting region 58 only. The hammer 25 in this variation does not come from the side of the trap and across the strike zone 3 and kill zone 34, but rather comes from above, that is above the head of the pest 20 as shown in FIG. 22. The anatomy of a possum requires quite a precise first location 54 strike, which is the head region 56, from above, and into the weakest part of the skull. This impact produces the requisite brain trauma to humanely dispatch the pest 20.

[0241] The stroke of the hammer 25 may also be varied if necessary, for example to be penetrative, non-penetrative and to deal with the particular target species. This can be achieved by putting a different kill engine 23 in configured for each desired stroke length, keeping the same kill engine 23 in and reducing the stroke, for example by using a spacer in front of the piston of the kill engine, about the striking rod 5. The spacer could be inside the chamber or may be outside the chamber. The strike zone could also be varied to cater for the target pest and best humane kill by moving it relative to the hammer as needed. This may be done by a series of mounting points of the species adapter or enclosure to move them relative to the kill engine and hammer.

[0242] A differing form of species adapter 33 may be used for tree dwelling or vertically curious or mobile pests such as, but not limited to, possums, such as shown in FIG. 4 and also in FIG. 22. This may have one or more a guide surfaces 47, present for example on one or more guide portions 46 that extend into the strike zone 3, that is/are open to allow the pest to engage on the mount surface, such as the bark of a tree, or similar, or may be otherwise contoured or otherwise provided with grip to allow the pest to continue moving into the trap interior 28. The guide surface(s) 47 and guide portions 46 put the pest 20 in the position for the most humane kill. For example in FIG. 22 this orients the head region 56 in the optimal location for the hammer 25 to make the most humane kill.

[0243] Regardless of the orientation it may be necessary to affix the apparatus 18 to the mounting surface 45, particularly for example when the mounting surface is oriented other than vertical. This also prevents unwanted removal by other users, pests, or natural phenomena, eg rain, water, wind, vandals or other interference etc. There are several methods that may be used, the preferred is a fastener 52 through mounting holes 53 as shown in FIG. 9, into the mounting surface 45. Alternative forms may also be used such as ties that pass around the mounting surface, for example a tree, and through the, or a, mounting hole in the apparatus to retain the apparatus thereto.

[0244] In other forms the apparatus may be in an shroud, surround or enclosure 64 as shown in FIG. 19. The weight and size of the trap may also be a deterrent to its unwanted movement.

[0245] The species adapter 33 may also be of a different size and shape depending on the target pest species.

[0246] Mounted from the trap enclosure 19 is the actuation system or kill engine 9. The functioning of this is described shortly below. The kill engine 9 actuates directly or indirectly, for example using a force transmission me 46 m 39, a striking rod, and connected to the end of the striking rod is a force delivery hammer 25. It is the force delivery hammer that is driven laterally across the kill zone 34 by the kill engine to deliver the incapacitating energy, at least in part, to the target pest species 20.

[0247] Attached to the trap enclosure 19, or part thereof, or the species adapter 33 is a bait catchment 6 or bait station 6. As the name suggests this is to lure the pest into the interior 28 and into the kill zone 34. The bait may be in any form that will attract the pest. In one form, as shown the bait may be of foam eggs preferably the size of a bird egg the target pest species preys on; wherein the foam eggs contain a scent of real (actual) bird eggs. The bait is contained within a bait catchment 6, which in the embodiment shown has a mesh frame on the sides facing the pest. The apparatus 18 provides a line of sight 29 through the apparatus 18 so that the pest is able to see through the bait mesh towards the foam eggs, and through the other side. This is proven as a more effective way of enticing the target pest species into the interior 28. The bait catchment 6 is detachable so as to be removable wherein the bait 4 can be placed within the platform of the strike zone 3, but preferably it is contained within the bait catchment 6. The bait station 6 may also open ended with no mesh, the bait attracts the animal into the trap, and is open, but possibly restricted to prevent predation from the opposite end of the trap.

[0248] Once the pest has travelled up the ramp 1, it will enter the strike zone 3. The strike zone 3 is a suitably contoured region for the specific target species. In that shown in FIG. 1 for example this is a horizontal flat zone (shown more clearly in FIG. 9) enclosed on at least two, preferably three sides where one side holds the kill engine 23 and striking rod 5 which will on actuation of a sensor or trigger 31, strike laterally across the kill zone to the target pest species 20 with the force delivery hammer 25 and deliver the incapacitating energy. On a side opposing of this there is optionally a force delivery portion 32. In the form shown this is a latchable door 7 which is latched or held by some force which can be overcome by the kill engine, e.g. a magnet, when the pest is in the strike zone 3 and is struck by the hammer 25 thus sending the pest 20 into, onto or toward the portion 32 to impact therewith. In some forms the portion 32 may impart further energy into the pest 20 aiding in its humane dispatch. In other forms or as well, for example when acting as a door 7 it acts to exclude entry to the strike zone 3 and kill zone 34, requiring the pest to enter only from the entry point or region 27. In so doing, this also prevents non-target species, for example desirable native species, from accessing the strike zone 3 and kill zone 34.

[0249] Within a certain delay time frame or energy delay the door 7 will open. The remaining energy will then expel the incapacitated pest 20 through the exit aperture 41, which in this case, the opening of the door has exposed, such as shown in FIGS. 13 and 20. The time delay may be via a latch which becomes unlatched, or the energy delay may be for example, but not limited to a magnet, holding the door closed. When the energy level against the door, from the force delivery hammer 25 striking the pest, and in turn the pest striking the door 7, this retention force of the latch, or magnet is overcome, and the door opens. In doing so, as described, this may impart further kill energy into the pest, or the pest may be dispatched before it impacts the door or other structures.

[0250] In the preferred arrangement shown the plane of the exit aperture is substantially perpendicular to the lateral motion of the force delivery hammer 25. The line of sight in turn is in the same plane, or parallel thereto, as the lateral motion of the force delivery hammer 25, but substantially perpendicular thereto, as shown in FIG. 7.

[0251] In a preferred embodiment the force of the striker hammer 25, transmitted through the pest opens the door via action on the animal, ie there is no direct action on the door by the striker. Therefore, in this arrangement the door is opened after the contact is made between the striker and animal. In other words, the striker or force delivery hammer impacts the pest, and the pest in turn impacts the force delivery portion, in this case the latchable door forcing it open and expelling the pest. In an alternative arrangement the striker releases a latch at a certain extension of the striker or delay after a certain extension or triggering.

[0252] It should be noted the delay in the door 7 opening in this case, is not to statically dispose of the pest, but rather to act dynamically to apply further incapacitating energy to the pest as well as then expel the incapacitated pest. The delay in the door opening also may be caused by the above described ways in which the door is kept shut until impacted by the pest, even if the pest is already rendered irreversibly unconscious and no further energy is required to achieve that state. For example the incapacitated, or near so, pest has to overcome the force that is holding the door 7 closed, and this in turn may create a delay in it opening.

[0253] In other forms, shown in FIG. 10, there is no door, but rather part of the trap enclosure or species adapter may optionally act, if necessary, as the force delivery portion to further impact the in-motion pest as seen in FIG. 17. In this case the force delivery hammer delivers the primary energy, and accelerates the pest, and the force delivery portion 32, if needed to incapacitate the pest, delivers secondary energy, decelerating the pest, prior to it being expelled from the exit aperture.

[0254] In use a pest will enter the apparatus 18 via the species adapter 33, for example as shown via the ramp 1 (FIG. 10). The pest is attracted to the apparatus 18, either because of its own curiosity, or by the smell of the bait, or a combination thereof. The pest 20 proceeds along the species adapter 33 and past the entry point 27 to the trap interior 28 and moves towards the bait catchment or station 6. The pest 20 has a line of sight 29 through the trap which entices, or at least does not detract from, its natural desire to explore further and reach the bait. The pest then moves into the strike zone 3. Once sufficiently far into the trap the pest 20 will connect with or otherwise activate the trigger mechanism 31. This connection maybe with a portion of their body, for example the top of their head forcing the trigger mechanism in the act of trying to access the bait, for example as shown in FIGS. 1 to 21. However, in other forms the pest 20 may activate the trigger mechanism 31 in other ways, for example as shown in FIG. 22 whereby the pest 20, in this case a possum, chews, pulls or pushes on or otherwise disturbs a bite portion 67 of the trigger mechanism 31 with their mouth, thus activating the trap.

[0255] The trigger mechanism may also interplay with the guide portions and surfaces. For example the width of bite portion may be wider than the jaw of the pest 20 so they can open so can only approach the trigger in one way to bite it. Thus again ensuring the correct orientation for a human kill.

[0256] The trigger mechanism in the example in FIG. 22 again is a pivot mechanism and pivots about pivot 68 to then trigger the kill engine 23.

[0257] This will then activate the kill engine to drive the force delivery hammer laterally across the kill zone 34, for example in FIGS. 1 to 21, or from above the pest's head down into the kill zone 34 as shown in FIG. 22, to deliver the incapacitating energy to the pest 20. The energy imparted by the hammer 25 to the pest 20 then sends the pest 20 towards the exit aperture 41, when the hammer 25 stroke is horizontal. Alternatively the pest 20 may exit the trap 18 under gravity alone as in that shown in FIG. 22, or in combination with the movement of the hammer 25, as shown in FIG. 4. At this point or shortly thereafter, if there is a further energy delivery or deceleration point, such as the latch door 7, or force delivery portion 32, the pest 20 has expired, or will expire. The pest then continues due to the imparted energy, gravity or both, out the exit aperture, whether to engage further force delivery portions 32 or not, and is expelled from the apparatus 18.

[0258] In terms of humane kills the term irreversible unconsciousness is used to describe a state of the pest where it is at a point where it cannot be returned to consciousness and is cannot sense pain. The quicker the time from alive to a state of irreversible unconsciousness the more humane a kill method is.

[0259] The process from triggering by the pest to expulsion occurs in under 1 second, and in the preferred form occurs within 0.001 seconds to 0.2 seconds, and ideally within 0.002 seconds. This means that from triggering by the pest, to incapacitation by irreversible unconsciousness is less 0.1 seconds. This short time frame is a very humane way to cull the pest.

[0260] The trigger mechanism 31 may take a number of forms. In the preferred form there is a mechanical activation within or near the strike zone to then activate the kill engine 23. In other less preferred forms there may be a light beam, hall sensor, or similar non-contact trigger.

[0261] The mechanical activation of the trigger mechanism 31 may be a whisker, or brush or step plate or similar the pest 20 engages with en route toward the bait. This then activates one or more valves to fire the kill engine 23. The primary or first, or only valve, that is actuated is a low force valve, or a highly leveraged valve, to reduce, or overcome any stiction or similar in the valve train for activating the kill engine 23. The trigger valve could be one of a number of types of valve, for example a needle, tilt, or other type of “seal breaker” valve, that is a valve which intrinsically has high mechanical advantage needed to break a seal.

[0262] In one preferred form being the trigger mechanism 31 activates the kill engine 23 by opening a primary valve 15, to produce an air pressure difference across the trigger hammer 50 to then drive the trigger hammer to actuate a dose valve (explained below).

[0263] The trigger hammer 50 is held in a rearward position by differential pressure and in some embodiments spring force. When the trigger mechanism 31 is activated this is turn actuates the valve 15 to evacuate a cavity in front of the hammer, establishing a pressure bias across the hammer 50. The trapped higher pressurised gas, pushes against the hammer 50, moving it, and thereby expanding and driving it to hit the dose valve 51 preferably against a return bias. Once the hammer 50 is in contact with the main flow control valve or dose valve 51, it is enough to open the dose valve 51 by overcoming the differential pressure force and spring force which normally holds that valve 51 closed and sealed.

[0264] The hammer 50, continuing to open the dose valve 51 further, moves sufficiently to exhaust the air behind it which has provided the impetus to move the hammer 50 forward and act on the dose valve 51. This then allows the hammer 50 to return to return under spring and/or differential pressure forces generated by a pressure supply (throttled or otherwise) to return to its rearward starting, pre-triggered position. This also then allows the dose valve 51 to return under spring and/or differential pressure forces to return to its closed position separating the dose chamber 11 from the working chamber 38.

[0265] The bias, for example a spring acting on the hammer 50 will push the hammer 50 back to or towards the starting, pre-triggered position at which, [0266] 1. the Dose valve 51 can close and is no longer open, and [0267] 2. there is no exhaust path from the hammer chamber to atmosphere. The bias may or may not push the hammer 50 back completely to its starting position, and it may use additional air pressure from the piston returning back up the working chamber 38 to drive it to its pre-triggered, starting position.

[0268] The kill engine 9 or 23 has three main components, a trigger hammer 50, dose chamber 11, and working chamber 38. The working chamber 38 contains a piston 37 and piston rod or striking rod 5, the piston 37 and piston or striking rod 5 can translate along the chamber. The dose chamber when the trap is armed receives a charge of high pressure air from the reservoir 22 and holds it there until needed. A dose valve 51 sits between the dose chamber 11 and the working chamber 38 and is normally biased closed to seal the dose chamber 11 (and its charge of high pressure air) from the working chamber 38. When the trigger mechanism 31 in the trap is activated it triggers the trigger hammer 50, as described above for example, to rapidly move and strike the top of the dose valve 51 in the centre, driving it open. The high pressure air in the dose chamber 11 rushes into the working chamber 38 and in part holds the dose valve 51 open. The rush of high pressure air in drives the piston 37 down (along) the working chamber 38, extending the striking rod 5. On the end of the striking rod is the force delivery hammer 25. This then strikes the pest 20 delivering an incapacitating energy.

[0269] In trials to date this renders the pest irreversibly unconscious near instantaneously via a combination of stopping the heart, severe brain trauma, and/or severing the spinal column. The pest is expelled, optionally in part by the incapacitating energy, out the exit aperture 41 of the trap enclosure. The exit aperture 41, whether formed by a door opening, or otherwise, in the preferred form is in a plane perpendicular to the line of action of the striking rod, and for example may be on the side of the enclosure in the direction the force delivery hammer moves when extending and striking the pest. In other forms, for example as shown in FIG. 22, the exit aperture 41, is also the entry point 27 as the pest falls out the bottom of the trap 18, which is mounted on a vertical, or similar surface, under the action of gravity.

[0270] Once the incapacitating energy is delivered the piston, from an air cushion on its back side within the working chamber 38, is sent back up to the start position in the working chamber, also retracting the striking rod 5 and force delivery hammer 25. Meanwhile, due to the low pressure now between the piston and dose chamber, as the charge of air has done its work, the dose valve 51 closes and the dose chamber 11 is charged again.

[0271] Closing of the dose valve in part pushes the trigger hammer 50 back, either in part and in combination with a bias, or in total, and relocks it in the starting, pre-triggered ready to fire position and opens an exhaust path to atmosphere. Thus as the piston 37 travels backup the working chamber there is little air resistance in front of it as it is pushing the air out. The trap is now ready to fire again should a pest enter it.

[0272] The proposed pest trap 18, shown generally in FIGS. 1 to 22, and more specifically in cross section image in FIGS. 15 and 16, will include a trap enclosure 7 containing, at least in part a bait station 4 to lure the pest 20 into the trap enclosure interior 28. The trap enclosure will also contain the trigger mechanism 31. The trigger mechanism 31 is activated by the pest 20. The trigger mechanism 31 in turn will trigger the kill engine 9 mounted from the trap enclosure. The kill engine will drive a force delivery hammer 25) in a lateral way across a part of the trap enclosure interior, in an area defined as the strike zone 3, and more accurately the kill zone 34 The kill engine 23 is non-flammable gas supplied from a reservoir 22 of high pressure air (4000 psi or more) connected to the kill engine. For example the non-flammable gas may be compressed air, compressed carbon dioxide or similar gas. The non-flammable gas may be contained in easily replaceable cartridges 36, for example as shown in FIG. 19.

[0273] The resultant pest trap 18 is portable and the reservoir 22 can be refilled or replaced as needed. One way is to simply replace the cartriges 36, of which they may be more than one. Alternatively the supply 22 may be re-pressurised by a pump or compressor connectable to the supply 22. The kill engine is very similar in operation to that described in our patent EP 2367660.

[0274] The trap 18 shown in FIG. 19 may be located within a further enclosure such as a surround or shroud 64, as shown in FIG. 19 for example. Such a shroud or enclosure 64 is desirable when the trap 18 is located in a public space and any form of interference, whether human, animal or otherwise is preferred to be avoided. A body region 49 may also be present within the enclosure for holding one or more bodies of dispatched pests. This may be useful in preventing smell, or other pests accessing and hastening decay, of the dispatched pest. The latchable door 7 may separate the body region 49 from the trap interior 29 and provide a substantially sealed region. This is useful when it is considered that the trap interior 29 may be open to the environment, so the door 7 prevents access of other pests, for example flies, to the bodies, and prevents escape of smell or liquids. This may be desirable when the trap is in a commercial setting and a dead animal that is smelling or attracting other pests may be undesirable, for example in, public, food handling or storage areas. This may also be desirable when the trap 18 is only serviced periodically and so therefore may have dispatched more than one pest 20. The body region may be beside and extend underneath the trap, and may have a plastic bag arrangement or similar for the bodies to be ejected into, so that removal of the bodies is easily facilitated, the trap is kept cleaner, and a sealed region in conjunction with the door can be provided.

[0275] The enclosure may fully or partially enclose the trap 18 and effectively is part of the trap, as from the outside it is the only evident aspect. The enclosure 64 may be a simple surround of vertical walls, may include a base, and may include a top. In the preferred form the enclosure is a base and walls to surround the trap 18. A cover then engages to fully enclose the trap. The cover may engage with the trap and or the walls of the enclosure to retain it there to. Such retention may be tamper proof and may use a lock or other such similar system.

[0276] The enclosure 64 may also form part of a safety system for the trap, preventing the trap from actuating unless the enclosure is fully assembled correctly. For example the lid when connected properly may enable the trigger mechanism 31, such that the trap will not actuate to kill a pest without the enclosure fully and correctly in place. This can be for safety of the user, animals (target and non-target alike), as the forces involved when the trap actuates are high and may maim or injure a human or animal. The enclosure 64 also therefore may form part of the trap enclosure 19, and also act as part of the species adapter 33, as the enclosure 64 may be attached or part of the enclosure 19, and will act to exclude non-target species, by preventing their access, and so functions as part of the species adapter 33.

[0277] The enclosure 64 will also provide access to the entry point 27 of the trap 18. Such access may be an opening directly onto the entry point 27, such as shown in FIG. 19, or optionally there may be a tunnel, pathway 65 (shown in dashed line in FIG. 19) or similar the enclosure 64 at least in part provides to the entry point 27. Such will dependent on the target pest species 20. For example rats while curious will typically only run along a wall, thus a through tunnel perpendicular to the entry point 27 may be provided, whilst also allowing the rat to turn off the tunnel to enter the trap.

[0278] The trap 18 may also have the ability to test fire it, for example by providing a test actuator 62. This may actuate the trap 18 in a number of ways. For example the test actuator 62 may act on the trigger mechanism 31 by moving it in a way similar to what the pest 20 would, thus firing the trap. In other forms it may act on the pneumatics of the kill engine 23, but dumping a valve chamber or similar, to actuate the trap 18. In this way a user can confirm the trap is working correctly.

[0279] The trap 18 also may have a safety actuator 63 to provide the ability to make it safe. This is to prevent the trap 18 from actuating when it is being stored, transported, maintained or similar. Such safety actuator may purge any one or more of the valve chambers of the kill engine 23, for example the dose chamber 11, of the operating gas, such that even if the trigger mechanism 31 is actuated the kill engine 23 cannot fire. This is desirable at least from a safety standpoint.

[0280] The trap 18 of the present invention is also preferred to be modular, such that the one kill engine can interface with a number of different hammers 25, species adapters 33, and if necessary enclosures or shrouds 64 to provide a modular pest control system. This allows a trap 18 to be assembled from a common array of parts for the target species 20.

[0281] The foregoing description of the invention includes preferred forms thereof. Modifications may be made thereto without departing from the scope of the invention.