Overvoltage protection device with varistors

Abstract

The invention relates to an overvoltage protection device with varistors, wherein a first varistor and a second varistor are connected in series, wherein the first varistor has a thermal disconnector, wherein the first varistor has a lower operating voltage than the second varistor, and wherein the first varistor has a lower energy absorption capacity than the second varistor, with the first varistor heating up more in the event of an overload and thereby causing the thermal disconnector to disconnect.

Claims

1. An overvoltage protection device with varistors, wherein a first varistor and a second varistor are connected in series, wherein the first varistor has a thermal disconnector, wherein the first varistor has a lower operating voltage than the second varistor, and wherein the first varistor has a lower energy absorption capacity than the second varistor, with the first varistor heating up more in the event of an overload and thereby causing the thermal disconnector to disconnect.

2. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the operating voltage of the first varistor is less than or equal to of the operating voltage of the second varistor.

3. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first varistor has a first type of ceramic, and wherein the second varistor has a type of ceramic that differs therefrom.

4. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first varistor has a first ceramic layer thickness, and wherein the second varistor has a second ceramic layer thickness that differs therefrom.

5. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the second varistor is associated with a cooling device.

6. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first varistor has a first ceramic layer surface area, and wherein the second varistor has a second ceramic layer surface area that differs therefrom.

7. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the first varistor has a first contact element in the vicinity of the thermal disconnector, with the first contact element being embodied such that, in a region below a separation point, the first contact element has no direct electrical contact with the first varistor.

8. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein a tap is provided between the first varistor and the second varistor.

9. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a housing.

10. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, further comprising a telecommunications interface.

11. An overvoltage protection device with varistors, wherein a first varistor and a second varistor are connected in series, wherein the first varistor has a thermal disconnector, wherein the first varistor has a lower operating voltage than the second varistor, and wherein the first varistor has a lower energy absorption capacity than the second varistor, with the first varistor heating up more in the event of an overload and thereby causing the thermal disconnector to disconnect, wherein the operating voltage of the first varistor is less than or equal to of the operating voltage of the second varistor, wherein the first varistor has a first type of ceramic, wherein the second varistor has a type of ceramic that differs from the first type of ceramic, wherein the first varistor has a first ceramic layer thickness, wherein the second varistor has a second ceramic layer thickness that differs from the first ceramic layer thickness, wherein the second varistor is associated with a cooling device, wherein the first varistor has a first ceramic layer surface area, wherein the second varistor has a second ceramic layer surface area that differs from the first ceramic layer surface area, wherein the first varistor has a first contact element in the vicinity of the thermal disconnector, with the first contact element being provided such that, in a region below a separation point, the first contact element has no direct electrical contact with the first varistor, wherein a tap is provided between the first varistor and the second varistor, and wherein the overvoltage protection device further comprises a housing.

12. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 11, further comprising a telecommunications interface.

13. The overvoltage protection device as set forth in claim 1, wherein the thermal disconnector disconnects when a temperature of the thermal disconnector exceeds a threshold.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

(1) The invention will be explained in greater detail below with reference to the figures. In the figures:

(2) FIG. 1 shows a sectional view according to first embodiments of the invention,

(3) FIG. 2 shows an additional sectional view according to second embodiments of the invention,

(4) FIG. 3 shows an additional sectional view according to third embodiments of the invention,

(5) FIG. 4 shows an additional sectional view according to fourth embodiments of the invention, and

(6) FIG. 5 shows an additional sectional view according to fifth embodiments of the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(7) In the following, the invention will be explained in greater detail with reference to the figures. It should be noted that different aspects are described, each of which can be used individually or in combination.

(8) That is, any aspect may be used with different embodiments of the invention unless explicitly portrayed as a mere alternative.

(9) Furthermore, reference will be generally made to only one entity in the following for the sake of simplicity. Unless explicitly stated, however, the invention can also have several of the entities concerned. As such, the use of the words a and an is to be understood merely as an indication that, in a simple embodiment, at least one entity is used without precluding the use of multiple entities.

(10) The overvoltage protection device 1 according to the invention has at least two varistors. In the following, two varistors VAR1, VAR2 will be assumed.

(11) The first varistor VAR1 and the second varistor VAR2 are connected in series, with the first varistor VAR1 having a thermal disconnector T.

(12) The first varistor VAR1 has a lower operating voltage than the second varistor VAR2. The first varistor VAR1 also has a lower energy absorption capacity than the second varistor VAR2.

(13) In the event of an overload, the first varistor VAR1 will therefore heat up more than the second varistor VAR2. As a result, the thermal disconnector T is caused to disconnect.

(14) That is, unlike in previous overvoltage protection devices, a combination of differently powerful varistors VAR1, VAR2 is used, with the less powerful varistor VAR1 being connected to the thermal disconnector T. The two sub-varistors of the series circuit are dimensioned in terms of their capacity or energy absorption capacity such that, when the less powerful varistor VAR1 fuses, the more powerful varistor VAR2 has not yet fused.

(15) The two varistors VAR1, VAR2 are preferably selected with regard to their operating/nominal/rated voltages such that the fusing of the less powerful varistor VAR1 under corresponding mains voltage conditions only results in a moderate increase in the current through the series circuit.

(16) This means that the more powerful varistor VAR2 must achieve the majority of the entire varistor rated voltage of the overvoltage protection device and the less powerful varistor VAR1 a much smaller portion of the overall varistor rated voltage of the overvoltage protection device.

(17) Especially preferably, the voltage distribution is such that the less powerful varistor VAR1 is less than or equal to 25% of the total rated voltage of the overvoltage protection device.

(18) Such an arrangement of varistors of different capacities can be realized in various ways.

(19) The realization and coordination of the different varistor capacities can be achieved in different ways.

(20) It should first be noted that the capacity of a varistor having a certain type of ceramic can be achieved by varying the geometric arrangement. That is, the smaller the surface area of the varistor ceramic, the lower the capacity. On the other hand, it is also possible to achieve different capacities with different ceramic types using the same geometric arrangement. Yet another possibility is the provision of a heat sink, so that, for example, a varistor with more pronounced cooling has a higher capacity than a similar varistor with no or less pronounced cooling.

(21) For example, FIG. 1 shows the basic arrangement of varistors in an overvoltage protection device 1, in which the geometric dimensions of the varistors VAR1, VAR2 are substantially equal. The energy and voltage of the varistors VAR1, VAR2 are coordinated, for example, through the use of different ceramic types, such as E7 or type 2 ceramics, for example.

(22) FIG. 2 shows another basic arrangement of varistors in an overvoltage protection device 1 in which the surface areas of the varistors VAR1, VAR2 are substantially equal.

(23) The coordination of the energy and/or voltage between the varistors VAR1, VAR2 is achieved inter alia by varying the thickness of the varistor ceramic. That is, the first varistor VAR1 has a first ceramic layer thickness d1, and the second varistor VAR2 has a second ceramic layer thickness d2 that differs therefrom.

(24) FIG. 3 shows another basic arrangement of varistors in an overvoltage protection device 1 in which the surface areas of the varistors VAR1, VAR2 are substantially equal. The energetic coordination between the varistors VAR1, VAR2 is achieved by varying the cooling and/or by varying the thermal coupling of cooling masses with the ceramics. In the example of FIG. 3, a cooling device Ksuch as a heat sink, for exampleis associated with the second varistor.

(25) FIG. 4 shows another basic arrangement of varistors in an overvoltage protection device 1 in which the surface areas of the varistors VAR1, VAR2 are substantially unequal. Here, the less powerful varistor VAR1 has a smaller thickness d1 and a smaller surface area A1 compared to the more powerful varistor VAR2 having a thickness d2 and a surface area A2. The reduced surface area A1<A2 has the effect that the less powerful varistor VAR1 has a lower capacity even when the capacity of the ceramic material is the same (and even if the thickness of the ceramic is d1=d2).

(26) FIG. 5 shows another basic arrangement of varistors in an overvoltage protection device 1 in which the connection of the disconnector T has peculiarities. Here, the varistor VAR1 has a first contact element KE, with the first contact element KE having at least one recess in the region of the thermal disconnector T. As a result, the recessed area of the ceramic has a poorer electrical and thermal connection, since no direct contact exists, so that the corresponding ceramic volume located below it is heated to a greater extent (or cools down more slowly)meaning that an area for a hotspot is deliberately formed. On the one hand, this improves the triggering of the thermal disconnector T, and on the other hand it can be expected that the less powerful varistor VAR1 will break down precisely in this area, so that the energy converted in the process additionally accelerates the disconnection.

(27) The recessed area can be covered mechanically on both sides, so that plasma and pressure cannot penetrate directly to the outside when the less powerful varistor VAR1 fuses.

(28) Special advantages can also be achieved in the exemplary embodiments if the varistors are implemented in a mechanically coupled system, e.g., double or multiple varistor discs. Here, a mechanical stabilization of the arrangement of the varistors can be provided, which is advantageous particularly in the event of an overloading of the lower-power varistor VAR1.

(29) In all embodiments, a tap A3 can also be provided between the varistors VAR1, VAR2 of the series circuit. A change in the voltage divider formed by the varistors VAR1 and VAR2 can then be evaluated, for example, in order to detect a malfunction or detect the function. An inference can also be made regarding the first and the second varistor VAR1, VAR2 on the basis of the different voltages.

(30) The overvoltage protection device 1 can easily further comprise a housing G.

(31) Furthermore, the overvoltage protection device 1 can have a telecommunications interface (not shown), or the tap A3 can be used as a telecommunications interface.

LIST OF REFERENCE SYMBOLS

(32) 1 overvoltage protection device VAR1, VAR2 varistor T thermal disconnector d1, d2 ceramic layer thickness K cooling device A1, A2 ceramic layer surface area KE contact element G housing