Reactive dye bath and dyeing process for textiles

Abstract

The present invention relates to a reactive dye bath and a dyeing process for textiles. The reactive dye bath for textiles comprises an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant. The reactive dye bath or the dyeing process of the present invention allows for full up-take of the dye without subjecting the textiles to any special pre-treatment and without the addition of a salt for accelerating dyeing, so as to obtain dyed textiles with a higher dyeing depth, uniformity and fastness.

Claims

1. A reactive dye bath for textiles, characterized in that the reactive dye bath comprises a dye emulsion comprising an organic solvent, an aqueous reactive dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant, wherein said aqueous reactive dye solution has a mass ratio of the reactive dye to water is 1:10-200, and wherein the volume ratio of said aqueous reactive dye solution to said organic solvent is 1:1-20.

2. The reactive dye bath for textiles according to claim 1, wherein the organic solvent is a non-polar organic hydrophobic solvent which can form an immiscible emulsion with water; and wherein the non-polar organic hydrophobic solvent comprises C6-C8 alkanes, C6-C8 isoalkanes, perchloroethylene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane, dibutyl acetal, glycol ethers, and high flash point hydrocarbons.

3. The reactive dye bath for textiles according to claim 1, wherein said surfactant is a non-ionic or cationic surfactant; and the volume ratio of said surfactant to said organic solvent is 1:5-20.

4. The reactive dye bath for textiles according to claim 1, wherein said co-surfactant is an alcohol substance that can change the surface activity and the hydrophilicity-lipophilicity balance of the surfactant; wherein the co-surfactant comprises ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, and fusel oil; and wherein the volume ratio of said co-surfactant to said organic solvent is 1:5-20.

5. A process for dyeing a textile, characterized in that the process comprises the following steps: (i) preparing a dye bath by uniformly mixing an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant; (ii) immersing the textile in the dye bath with a bath ratio of 1:5-50, a dyeing time of 10-60 minutes and a dyeing temperature of 40-80 C.; (iii) removing the textile from the dye bath and squeezing the textile to remove the dye solution until a take-up of 50-150%; (iv) adding a predetermined amount of an aqueous fixation agent solution to the dye bath, and stirring and mixing the aqueous fixation agent solution and the dye solution until uniform; (v) re-immersing the textile in the dye bath, to which the aqueous fixation agent solution has been added, with a fixation time of 15-90 minutes and a fixation temperature of 40-80 C.; and (vi) removing the textile from the dye bath, squeezing the dye solution out of the textile; washing floating colours out of the textile, and hanging and air-drying the textile.

6. The process for dyeing a textile according to claim 5, wherein said aqueous fixation agent solution is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate or sodium bicarbonate, with the mass ratio of the fixation agent to water being 1:5-100; and wherein the volume ratio of said aqueous fixation agent solution to said dye solution is 1:1-20.

7. The process for dyeing a textile according to claim 5, wherein the process further comprises recovering the organic solvent from the dye solution using methods selected from the group including distillation method, thin membrane filtration, and centrifugation.

8. The process for dyeing a textile according to claim 5, wherein said textile is loose fibres, yarns and a fabric composed of at least one of cellulosic fibres, protein fibres, and chemical synthetic fibres, wherein said cellulose fibres comprise cotton, hemp, and regenerated cellulose fibres, wherein said protein fibres comprise wool, silkworm silk, and regenerated protein fibres, and wherein said chemical synthetic fibres comprise chinlon 6 and chinlon 66.

9. The process for dyeing a textile according to claim 8, wherein said textile contains at least one reactive group of hydroxy, amino and carboxy groups, and the textile can be dyed directly without any special pre-treatment.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below; obviously, the drawings in the following description are merely for some embodiments of the present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art would also be able to obtain other drawings according to these drawings without involving any inventive effort.

(2) FIG. 1 is a flow chart of the process for dyeing a textile in the present invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

(3) The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with examples.

(4) The present invention provides a reactive dye bath for textiles, composed of an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant. Applicable textiles comprise loose fibres, yarns and fabrics composed of fibres containing groups such as active hydroxy (OH), amino (NH2) and carboxy (OOH), e.g., cellulosic fibres (e.g., cotton, hemp, and regenerated cellulosic fibres), protein fibres (e.g., wool, silkworm silk, and regenerated protein fibres), and chemical synthetic fibres (e.g., chinlon 6 and chinlon 66). The textile can be directly dyed without any special pretreatment and also without additionally adding an inorganic salt for accelerating dyeing during dyeing.

(5) Preferably, the organic solvent used in the present invention is a non-polar organic solvent which is hydrophobic in nature and can form an immiscible emulsion with water; and the organic solvent comprises C6-C8 alkanes, C6-C8 isoalkanes, perchloroethylene, decamethylcyclopentasiloxane (D5), dibutyl acetal (e.g., Solvon K4), glycol ethers, and high flash point hydrocarbons.

(6) Preferably, the aqueous dye solution used in the present invention is an aqueous solution formed of a DyStar Levafix CA series reactive dye in water, with the mass ratio of the reactive dye to water being 1:10-200; and the volume ratio of the aqueous dye solution to the organic solvent is 1:1-20. The formation of an emulsion from the aqueous dye solution and the organic solvent is carried out by dispersing the aqueous reactive dye solution in the organic solvent medium. A predetermined amount of the aqueous reactive dye solution is added to the organic solvent, and under the combined action of the surfactant and the co-surfactant, the aqueous reactive dye solution is stably dispersed in the organic solvent to form an emulsion, i.e., the dye bath. Preferably, the surfactant used is a non-ionic or cationic surfactant, e.g., a polyethylene glycol-type surfactant; and the volume ratio of the surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5-20.

(7) Preferably, the co-surfactant used in the present invention is an alcohol substance that can change the surface activity and the hydrophilicity-lipophilicity balance of the surfactant; the co-surfactant comprises ethanol, n-propanol, isopropanol, n-butanol, isobutanol, n-pentanol, isopentanol, 1-hexanol, 2-hexanol, 1-octanol, 2-octanol, and fusel oil; and the volume ratio of the co-surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5-20.

(8) FIG. 1 shows a flow chart of the process for dyeing a textile in the present invention, and shows a method for using the reactive dye bath of the present invention. The specific examples are as follows.

Example 1

(9) The process for dyeing a textile as provided in this example comprises the following steps:

(10) 1. Preparing dye bath: an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant are mixed uniformly, placed in a dyeing cup, sealed and intensely stirred to form a uniform emulsion, followed by obtaining a dye emulsion, and forming a dye bath, wherein the mass ratio of the reactive dye to water is 1:15, the volume ratio of the aqueous dye solution to the organic solvent is 1:10, the volume ratio of the surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:10, and the volume ratio of the co-surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:10; and the organic solvent is Solvon K4, the dye is DyStar Levafix CA red dye, the surfactant is tridecyl polyoxyethylene(12) ether, and the co-surfactant is 1-octanol;

(11) 2. Dyeing: 10 g of a knitted pure cotton semi-bleached cloth is immersed and dyed in the dye bath with the bath ratio (the ratio of the mass of the substance to be dyed to the volume of the dye solution, the same below) being 1:15, and after being sealed, the dyeing cup is placed in an oscillating water bath with a dyeing time of 30 minutes and a dyeing temperature of 60 C.;

(12) 3. Fixation: the textile is taken out from the dye bath and squeezed to remove the dye emulsion until a take-up of 100%, a predetermined amount of an aqueous fixation agent solution is added to the dye bath, stirred and mixed until uniform to form an emulsion, the textile is immersed again in the dye bath, to which a fixation agent has been added, for fixation, and the dyeing cup is placed in an oscillating water bath with a fixation time of 60 minutes and a fixation temperature of 60 C., wherein the aqueous fixation agent solution is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, with the mass ratio of the fixation agent to water being 1:20; and the volume ratio of the aqueous fixation agent solution to the dye solution is 1:10.

(13) 4. Air drying: the textile is taken out, the dye emulsion is squeezed out, and the textile is washed in a soap liquid to wash off floating colours, hanged and air-dried.

(14) 5. Solvent recovery: the organic solvent is recovered from the dye emulsion by a centrifugation method.

(15) Comparative experiment of traditional water bath dyeing: where the organic solvent is replaced with 150 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, no surfactant and co-surfactant are added and the other process parameters are unchanged, a pure water bath dyed cotton fabric sample is obtained as a comparative. From a visual inspection, there is no significant difference in surface colour uniformity between the cotton fabrics dyed under the two process conditions.

(16) Table 1 lists the test results of the surface colour depths (K/S value) and the colour fastnesses of the fabrics under the two process conditions, and shows that the fabric resulting from the solvent-assisted dyeing has a higher surface colour depth under the condition of having a similar colour fastness to the cotton fabric resulting from the pure water bath dyeing.

(17) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Performance test results of the cotton fabrics resulting from the dye bath dyeing process in the present invention and from the pure water bath dyeing process Cotton fabric Cotton fabric resulting from dye resulting from bath dyeing in the solvent assisted Test item present invention dyeing K/S value 255 429 Colour fastness to dry rubbing 4.5 4.5 Colour fastness to wet rubbing 2.5 2.0 Colour fastness to water washing 4.5 4.5 Colour fastness to sweat staining 4.5 4.5 Colour fastness to sunlight 4.5 4

Example 2

(18) The process for dyeing a textile as provided in this example comprises the following steps:

(19) 1. Preparing dye bath: an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant are mixed uniformly, placed in a dyeing cup, sealed and intensely stirred to form a uniform emulsion, followed by obtaining a dye emulsion, and forming a dye bath, wherein the mass ratio of the reactive dye to water is 1:200, the volume ratio of the aqueous dye solution to the organic solvent is 1:1, the volume ratio of the surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5, and the volume ratio of the co-surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:5; and the organic solvent is D5, the dye is DyStar Levafix CA blue dye, the surfactant is polyethylene glycol, and the co-surfactant is 2-hexanol;

(20) 2. Dyeing: 10 g of a wool serge fabric is immersed and dyed in the dye bath with the bath ratio being 1:5, and after being sealed, the dyeing cup is placed in an oscillating water bath with a dyeing time of 60 minutes and a dyeing temperature of 40 C.;

(21) 3. Fixation: the textile is taken out from the dye bath and squeezed to remove the dye emulsion until a take-up of 150%, a predetermined amount of an aqueous fixation agent solution is added to the dye bath, stirred and mixed until uniform to form an emulsion, the textile is immersed again in the dye bath, to which a fixation agent has been added, for fixation, and the dyeing cup is placed in an oscillating water bath with a fixation time of 15 minutes and a fixation temperature of 80 C., wherein the aqueous fixation agent solution is an aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate, with the mass ratio of the fixation agent to water being 1:5; and the volume ratio of the aqueous fixation agent solution to the dye solution is 1:20.

(22) 4. Air drying: the textile is taken out, the dye emulsion is squeezed out, and the textile is washed in a soap liquid to wash off floating colours, hanged and air-dried.

(23) 5. Solvent recovery: the organic solvent is recovered from the dye emulsion by a distillation method.

(24) Comparative experiment of traditional water bath dyeing: where the organic solvent is replaced with 150 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, no surfactant and co-surfactant are added and the other process parameters are unchanged, a pure water bath dyed cotton fabric sample is obtained as a comparative. From a visual inspection, there is no significant difference in surface colour uniformity between the cotton fabrics dyed under the two process conditions.

Example 3

(25) The process for dyeing a textile as provided in this example comprises the following steps:

(26) 1. Preparing dye bath: an organic solvent, an aqueous dye solution, a surfactant and a co-surfactant are mixed uniformly, placed in a dyeing cup, sealed and intensely stirred to form a uniform emulsion, followed by obtaining a dye emulsion, and forming a dye bath, wherein the mass ratio of the reactive dye to water is 1:10, the volume ratio of the aqueous dye solution to the organic solvent is 1:20, the volume ratio of the surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:20, and the volume ratio of the co-surfactant to the organic solvent is 1:20; and the organic solvent is a glycol ether, the dye is DyStar Levafix CA yellow dye, the surfactant is tridecyl polyoxyethylene(12) ether, and the co-surfactant is isopentanol;

(27) 2. Dyeing: 10 g of chinlon is immersed and dyed in the dye bath with the bath ratio being 1:50, and after being sealed, the dyeing cup is placed in an oscillating water bath with a dyeing time of 10 minutes and a dyeing temperature of 80 C.;

(28) 3. Fixation: the textile is taken out from the dye bath and squeezed to remove the dye emulsion until a take-up of 50%, a predetermined amount of an aqueous fixation agent solution is added to the dye bath, stirred and mixed until uniform to form an emulsion, the textile is immersed again in the dye bath, to which a fixation agent has been added, for fixation, and the dyeing cup is placed in an oscillating water bath with a fixation time of 90 minutes and a fixation temperature of 40 C., wherein the aqueous fixation agent solution is an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate, with the mass ratio of the fixation agent to water being 1:100; and the volume ratio of the aqueous fixation agent solution to the dye solution is 1:1.

(29) 4. Air drying: the textile is taken out, the dye emulsion is squeezed out, and the textile is washed in a soap liquid to wash off floating colours, hanged and air-dried.

(30) 5. Solvent recovery: the organic solvent is recovered from the dye solution by a thin membrane filtration method.

(31) Comparative experiment of traditional water bath dyeing: where the organic solvent is replaced with 150 ml of a 1% aqueous solution of sodium chloride, no surfactant and co-surfactant are added and the other process parameters are unchanged, a pure water bath dyed cotton fabric sample is obtained as a comparative. From a visual inspection, there is no significant difference in surface colour uniformity between the cotton fabrics dyed under the two process conditions.

(32) It should be understood that the above technical solutions are only used to illustrate the present invention but are not used to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, after reading the contents of the present invention, a person skilled in the art would be able to change or modify the present invention, and the equivalent forms are also within the scope defined by the appended claims of the present application.