Monosulfonic phenyltetrazole compounds with applications

Abstract

A class of compounds of monosulfonic phenyltetrazole, with the structure of 2-(R1 phenyl)-5 (2-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazole. The 2-sulfonic phenyl tetrazolium salt of this invention has advantages of low toxicity, short synthetic route, easy control of purity and quality. As the 2-sulfonic phenyl tetrazolium salts has almost no absorption at 450 nm where the reduzate has greater absorption, spectrophotometry can simply and rapidly determine the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase, or the content of NADH/NADPH.

Claims

1. A composition of Monosulfonic phenyltetrazole compounds which are selected from the following compounds: ##STR00016## ##STR00017## ##STR00018## ##STR00019## ##STR00020## ##STR00021##

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

(1) The invention is accompanied by seven Drawings, wherein:

(2) FIG. 1 shows the full-wavelength scanning curve of a compound (tetrazolium) with weak UV absorbance around 450 nm, and its reduced-phenyl compound (formazan) with has strong UV absorbance around 450 nm. All compounds we claim showed strong UV absorbance different between its tetrazolium form and formazan form.

(3) FIG. 2 shows the absorption at 450 nm of a compound with structure of monosulfonic phenyltetrazole after reacting with glutamate dehydrogenase.

(4) FIG. 3 shows the absorption at 450 nm of a compound with structure of monosulfonic phenyltetrazole after reacting with glutamine enzyme.

(5) FIG. 4 shows the absorption at 450 nm of a compound with structure of monosulfonic phenyltetrazole after reacting with living cell.

(6) FIG. 5 shows the effects of detergents and antioxidants on the tetrazolium detection reagents. Dose response of (A) Tween 20, (B) SDS, (C) BME in the absence of NADH. Dose response of (D) Tween 20, (E) SDS in the presence of NADH.

(7) FIG. 6 shows the stability of the WST-8 or EZMTT detection reagents at 20 and 4.

(8) FIG. 7 shows Kinetics study and GDH assay evaluation. (A) The assay showed linear dose response to E. coli GDH; (B) NADP substrate inhibition was observed for E. coli GDH at high concentration, but NAD is not a substrate for E. coli GDH; (C) Maximum initial velocity was observed with 5 mM glutamate in the presence of 100 M NADP. (D) Assay reproducibility measurement for EZMTT regents (Z factor 0.9).

EXAMPLES

(9) Throughout this specification and in the claims that follow, the following terms are defined with the following meanings, unless explicitly stated otherwise.

(10) The terms in present invention, if not specifically defined, take their ordinary meanings as would be understood by those skilled in the art.

(11) The term halogen refers to halogen substituents from the group including fluoro (F), chloro (Cl), bromo (Br), or iodo (I); The term halogenation describes the above halogen substituents as substitutes for hydrogen in a compound.

(12) The term alkyl refers to straight-/branched-chain and cyclic saturated aliphatic hydrocarbon groups. It includes groups with single bond, such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl, primary/secondary/tertiary butyl, cyclopropyl, methylcyclopropyl, cyclobutyl; as well as alkyl groups with two or more free bonds but still meeting the valence-bond theory, such as CH.sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.2, (CH.sub.2).sub.3, (CH.sub.2).sub.4, C(CH.sub.3)(CH.sub.2).sub.2.

(13) The term alkoxy refers to the OR group, where R is a variety of alkyl groups, such as various straight chain, straight-/branched-chain alkyl and cycloalkyl groups.

(14) The term cyano refers to a functional group or substituent comprising a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom linked through a triple bond.

(15) The term substitute describes the hydrogen atom of group is replaced by other functional group or substituent.

(16) The term polynitrophenyl describes at least two hydrogen atoms on phenyl are replaced by nitro and positions of substituted hydrogen can be chosen arbitrarily, such as para, meta and ortho.

(17) The term methylnitrophenyl refers to a functional group or substituent obtained by substituting two hydrogen atoms on the phenyl with a methyl and a nitro, and positions of methyl and nitro can be arbitrarily selected.

(18) The term multi-nitrophenyl refers to mono-substituted, double-substituted, or multi-substituted substituent or group wherein one or more nitro substituents at any proper position of group of phenol.

(19) The term benzenesulfonic group refers to substituent or group comprising benzene sulfonic acid.

(20) The term halophenyl refer to mono-substituted, double-substituted or multi-substituted phenylat any proper position.

(21) The term nitrophenylazo refers to a functional group or substituent obtained by substituting two hydrogen atoms on phenyl with a nitro and an azo, and positions of nitro and azo can be arbitrarily selected.

(22) The term benzenesulfonylazo refers to a functional group or substituent obtained by substituting two hydrogen atoms on phenyl with a benzenesulfonic group and an azo, and positions of benzenesulfonic group and azo can be arbitrarily selected.

(23) The term alkoxy nitrophenyl refers to a functional group or substituent obtained by substituting two hydrogen atoms on phenyl group with an alkoxy and an azo, and the positions of alkoxy and azo can be arbitrarily selected. The meaning of alkoxy is the same as above.

(24) The term phenyl refers to a benzene-ring aryl, including substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.6H.sub.5.

(25) The term aryl refers to a functional group or substituent derived from simple aromatic ring; under the absence of other specification, it may either be a carbocyclic aryl group or heterocyclic aryl group containing heteroatom but not limited to N, S, O, etc.; besides, the aryl group may be a single ring or fused ring aryl; as well as a polycyclic substituent fused by aryl ring group with non-aryl ring.

(26) The term heteroaryl refers to a functional group or substituent derived from aromatic ring containing heteroatoms of different number of N, S, O, or other atoms.

(27) The term heterocycloalkyl refers to a cycloalkyl group including heteroatoms of different number of N, S, O, or other atoms.

(28) The term halophenyl refers to a phenyl group substituted by halogen substituent, which may also have other types of substituents.

(29) The term polycycloalkyl can refer to a carbocyclic aryl group, a heterocyclic aryls including but not limited to N, S, O atoms; as well as a fused ring aryl or a polycyclic substituent fused by aryl ring group with non-aryl ring.

(30) The term NADPH refers to reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or reduced coenzyme II.

(31) The term NADH refers to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, or reduced coenzyme I.

(32) The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, but the following examples are not intended to limit the claims of this invention.

Example 1

(33) The following compound was prepared:

(34) ##STR00012##

2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5 (2-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt as EZMTT

(35) Representative Synthetic Steps:

(36) Step A: To solution of p-nitrophenylhydrazine (6 mmol) in methanol (30 mL) we added benzaldehyde-2-sodium sulfonate (6 mmol). The mixture was stirred at the temperature of 60 C. for from 1 h to 24 h with stirring. The crude product was filtered and dried to give an orange-red solid product-benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic sodium p-nitrophenylhydrazonewith a yield of 87.1%.

(37) Step B: To solid of 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline (2 mmol) in the flask, we added 1 mL of water under ice-cooling, and then added 0.6 ml of concentrated hydrochloric acid, after that, added solution of NaNO2 (2.22 mmol) in water (1 mlL). The mixture was stirred for from 20 min to 5 h, and the product was 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt.

(38) Step C: To solution of benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic sodium p-nitrophenylhydrazone (2 mmol) in methanol, which was cooled to 0 C., we added 2-methoxy-4-nitroaniline diazonium salt (2 mmol) from Step B, and then added NaOH solution. The mixture was stirred for from 1 h to 24 h. The crude product was filtered, dried and separated by column chromatography to give the final productformazanwith a yield of 87.2%.

(39) Step D: To solution of formazan (1 mmol) from step C in methanol, we added concentrated hydrochloric acid (18 mmol) under ice-cooling, and then added hydrogen peroxide (18 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 5 h. The crude product was filtered, dried and separated by column chromatography to give a dark brownish yellow solid producttetrazolium saltwith a yield of 33%.

(40) .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO): 8.54 (d, J=8.9 Hz, 2H), 8.37 (d, J=8.8 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J=8.8, 2.0 Hz 1H), 8.05 (d, J=9.4 Hz, 3H), 7.81-7.70 (m, 3H), 7.44-7.35 (m, 1H), 3.71 (s, 3H).

(41) MP: 105 C.

(42) FAB-MS: m/z=499[M+H].sup.+

(43) The monosulfonic phenyltetrazole compounds of these claims, can be synthesized by suitable substrates according to the above. So long as different substrates are selected, it's possible to obtain the monosulfonic phenyltetrazole compound needed without substantially changing the preparation steps.

(44) For example, changing the benzaldehyde-2-sulfonic sodium in this example to benzaldehyde-3-sulfonic sodium or benzaldehyde-4-sulfonic sodium, we can get the final product 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5 (3-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazoliummonos odium salt and 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-5 (2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5 (4-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt. The same applies to the following examples.

Example 2

(45) The following compound was prepared based on a similar synthetic procedure in example 1 of which the substrate in step B was changed to 1-naphthylamine, and the product was a diazonium salt of 1-naphthylamine:

(46) ##STR00013##

2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(1-naphthyl)-5 (2-disulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt a Black Solid, with a Yield of 47.4%

(47) .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO): 8.46 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.29 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J=9.3 Hz 1H), 8.06 (d, J=7.9 Hz, 2H), 7.88 (d, J=9.5 Hz, 2H), 7.62 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.36 (t, J=7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.25 (d, J=6.6 Hz 2H)

(48) MP: 102 C.

(49) FAB-MS: m/z=429[M+H].sup.+

Example 3

(50) The following compound was prepared based on a similar synthetic procedure in example 1 or 2 of which the substrate in step B was change to 8-aminoquinoline, and the product was a diazonium salt of 8-aminoquinoline:

(51) ##STR00014##

2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(8-quinolyl)-5 (2-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt a Black-Red Solid, with a Yield of 67.17%

(52) .sup.1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO): 8.81 (d, J=4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.72 (d, J=7.8 Hz, 1H), 8.66-8.55 (m, 2H), 8.35 (d, J=9.1 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (t, J=7.6 Hz, 2H), 7.72-7.68 (m, 2H), 7.58-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.42 (d, J=6.4 Hz, 11-1), 7.36 (t, J=7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J=7.4 Hz, 1H)

(53) MP: 102 C.

(54) FAB-MS: m/z=475[M+H].sup.+

Example 4

(55) The full-wavelength UV-visible absorption spectrum of phenyltetrazolium salt and reduced phenylformazan was shown in FIG. 1.

(56) Wherein the phenyltetrazolium salt aforesaid was 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-5 (2-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt synthesized in example 1.

(57) Phenyltetrazolium salt (10 mM; almost no absorption at 450 nm; lower curve) can be reduced by NADH to orange formazan (maximum absorbance at 450 nm; Upper curve) in the presence of 1-methoxyPMS and TrispH8 (50 mM). Therefore, it can be used in the detection of NADH reductant.

Example 5

(58) Glutamate dehydrogenase activity was detected by catalytically dehydrogenating glutamic acid to produce NADPH/NADH which reduced the phenyl tetrazolium to orange Zanzan, as shown in FIG. 2.

(59) Wherein the phenyltetrazolium salt aforesaid was 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(1-naphthyl)-5 (2-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt synthesized in example 2.

(60) Phenyltetrazolium salt had almost no absorption at 450 nm, but after reacting with 1-methoxy-5-methyl phenazine sulfate methyl ester, NADP, glutamic acid, and glutamate dehydrogenase, there was an absorption at 450 nm. Meanwhile, the intensity of light absorption was proportional to the amount of glutamate dehydrogenase.

(61) Phenyltetrazolium salt can be used to determine the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase and drug screening

Example 6

(62) Catalytic reaction of glutaminase produced glutamic acid, which was quantified by the reaction with glutamate dehydrogenase in example 5, and the absorbance at 450 nm was shown in FIG. 3.

(63) Phenyltetrazolium salt had almost no absorption at 450 nm; from 0.1 to 25 mMol/L of phenyltetrazolium salt reacted with 1-methyl PMS, NADP, glutamine, glutaminase, glutamate dehydrogenation enzyme in the buffer system for 2 h, and determined the absorbance of different concentrations of phenyltetrazolium substrate at 450 nm.

(64) The intensity of the absorbed light was proportional to the amount of glutaminase.

(65) Phenyltetrazolium salt can be used to determine the activity of glutaminase and drug screening.

Example 7

(66) After the phenyltetrazolium salt reacted with living cells, the absorbance at 450 nm was measured, as shown in FIG. 4.

(67) Wherein the phenyltetrazolium salt aforesaid was 2-(4-nitrophenyl)-3-(8-quinolyl)-5 (2-sulfonic phenyl)-2H-tetrazolium monosodium salt synthesized in example 3.

(68) Phenyltetrazolium salt had almost no absorption at 450 nm, but after reacting with NADH/NADPH in the cells, there was an absorption at 450 nm. Meanwhile, the intensity of light absorption was correlated with the live cell number

(69) Phenyltetrazolium salt can be used to determine the amount of viable cells.

Example 8. Comparison of EZMTT in Example 1 and WST-8

(70) The chemical syntheses of WST-8 is a water-soluble tetrazolium salt, provided as a benzene disulfonate sodium salt of 2-(3-(2-methoxy-4-nitrophenyl)-2-(4-nitrophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium)benzene disulfonate sodium salt.

(71) ##STR00015##

(72) Assay interference of tetrazolium-formazan-NAD(P)H system

(73) To evaluate the assay interference, the tetrazolium detection reagent (WST-8 or EZMTT) in the absence or presence of 100 M NAD(P)H was mixed with various chemicals, such as commonly used detergents (0-1% SDS, 0-0.2% Tween 20) and reducing agent (BME). The absorbance at 450 nm (reference wavelength at 620 nm) was measured to detect unusual dose response which is an indication of assay interference.

(74) As shown in FIG. 5, up to 0.2% Tween 20 or 1% SDS both the EZMTT and the WST-8 detection reagents showed no interference in the absence (FIG. 5A, 5B) or presence (FIG. 5D, 5E) of 100 M NADH. However, when the antioxidant BME was tested, the WST-8 detection reagent (FIG. 5C) showed strong dose-dependent false positive signals, whereas the EZMTT reagent showed essentially no signal changes.

(75) Reagent Stability Assays

(76) The tetrazolium detection reagent (WST-8 or EZMTT) was stored at 4 and 20 C., respectively. Once a month, the stored tetrazolium detection reagent was tested using 100 M NADH in 50 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8) and the response was measured at 450 nm.

(77) For the stability test, the WST-8, EZMTT detection reagents were stored at 4 C. and 20 C. up to a year. Both reagents were tested in NADH titration every month for their activities. As shown in FIG. 6A, storage at 20 C., WST-8 or EZMTT solution showed essentially no changes in activity for up to a year. However, after storage at 4 C. for a month, EZMTT is relatively more stable and lost activity only by 25% (FIG. 6B), whereas WST-8 lost activity by 60%. These results indicated that EZMTT detection reagent is more stable than the WST-8 reagents and suitable for dehydrogenase or cell-based inhibitor screening assay.

(78) E. coli GDH Activity Assay

(79) To GDH (0-8 nM final), a mixture of NADP.sup.+ (100 M), glutamate (5 mM) and the EZMTT detection reagent in 50 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8) was added, and the UV absorbance changed at 450 nm and were measured every 2 min to determine initial velocity. E. coli GDH (4 nM) showed linear initial velocity for an over 2 h assay period. The K.sub.m for NAD or NADP was measured by mixing dilutions of NAD(P).sup.+ (0-10 mM), 5 mM glutamate and the tetrazolium detection reagent (0.5 mM EZMTT, 10 M 1-methoxy PMS) in 50 mM Tris-Cl (pH 8; 100 l), and the reactions were initiated after the addition of GDH (4 nM). The UV absorbance at 450 nm was measured every 2 min to obtain the initial velocity.

(80) GDH catalyzes the reversible oxidative deamination of glutamate to form 2-oxoglutarate and free NH.sub.4.sup.+, and at the same time converts the NAD(P).sup.+ to NAD(P)H. The resulting NAD(P)H can be measured by the EZMTT detection reagent as an indication for GDH activity. As shown in FIG. 7A, the recombinant E. coli GDH with a N-terminal His.sub.6 tag demonstrated linear initial velocity and the linear dose response (r=0.99) in the presence of up to 16 nM GDH enzyme indicating high enzymatic activity. E. coli GDH used NADP as the cofactor and showed substrate inhibition at high NADP concentration (FIG. 7B) similar to that of the GDH in mouse liver;

(81) however, E. coli GDH showed no enzymatic activity if NAD was used as a cofactor. Since E. coli GDH showed strong NADP substrate inhibition, we measured its glutamate (0-25 mM) dose response in the presence of 100 M NADP, and the V.sub.m was reached at 5 mM glutamate concentration (FIG. 7C). Using 4 nM GDH, 100 M NADP and 5 mM glutamate in E. coli GDH activity assay, we obtained linear initial velocity that last up to 2 h of reaction time.

(82) Further, using 4 nM E. coli GDH as a positive control and no GDH as a negative control, we observed excellent assay reproducibility with a Z factor of 0.9 (FIG. 7D), indicating that the assay is suitable for inhibitor screening.

(83) In conclusion, the foregoing examples are preferred embodiments of the present invention, it will be appreciated that modification can be made without departing from the spirit of the invention. Such modifications are intended to fall within the scope of the appended claims.