Expandable and collapsible support device and operating methods therefor

Abstract

An expandable and collapsible support device for multiple use enables attaining an expanded open state for use or return to a compact closed state in mere seconds. The device includes an accordion-style frame that expands laterally from a compact closed state to an expanded open state for use, and a material support cover forming the top of the device and attachable to the frame to provide a support surface above ground level for the device.

Claims

1. An expandable and collapsible support device, comprising: a first frame assembly with a first support bar and first and second slider arms, the first support bar extending transversely from a first end region on a first side of the device to a second end region on a second side of the device, each of the first and second slider arms extending from a proximal end to a distal free end, the proximal ends of the first and second slider arms rotatably connected to the first and second end regions of the first support bar, respectively, wherein each of the first and second slider arms is movable from a first position with the free end adjacent to the first support bar to a second position forming an obtuse angle with the first support bar; a second frame assembly with a second support bar and third and fourth slider arms, the second support bar extending transversely from a first end region on the first side of the device to a second end region on the second side of the device, each of the third and fourth slider arms extending from a proximal end to a distal free end, the proximal ends of the third and fourth slider arms rotatably connected to the first and second end regions of the second support bar, respectively, wherein each of the third and fourth slider arms is movable from a first position with the free end adjacent to the second support bar to a second position forming an obtuse angle with the second support bar; at least one first link arm extending between and connected across the first slider arm and the third slider arm; and at least one second link arm extending between and connected across the second slider arm and the fourth slider arm; wherein the first frame assembly is movable relative to the second frame assembly via the at least one first and second link arms such that the device has a closed position and an expanded position, wherein the first and second frame assemblies are adjacent to one another with the associated slider arms in the first positions in the closed position, and wherein the first and second frame assemblies are spaced apart from one another with the associated slider arms in the second positions in the expanded position.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the distal end of each of the slider arms is rotatably connected to an associated support bar via an associated hinge assembly.

3. The device of claim 2 wherein each hinge assembly further comprises a pin extending through an associated end region of the support bar.

4. The device of claim 3 wherein each hinge assembly further comprises another pin extending through an associated proximal end of the slider arm.

5. The device of claim 4 wherein each hinge assembly further comprises a link element extending between and connecting an associated support bar to an associated slider arm, the pin and the another pin extending through the link element.

6. The device of claim 2 wherein the first support bar and the second support bar translate along a longitudinal axis of the device.

7. The device of claim 6 wherein each hinge assembly provides an axis of rotation that is parallel to the longitudinal axis.

8. The device of claim 6 wherein the first support bar and first and second slider arms extend in a first plane; wherein the second support bar and third and fourth slider arms extend in a second plane parallel to the first plane; and wherein the longitudinal axis is perpendicular to the first and second planes.

9. The device of claim 2 wherein each hinge assembly further comprises a support bar collar attached to an associated end region of the support bar and a slider collar attached to an associated proximal end of the slider arm.

10. The device of claim 1 wherein movement of each slider arm is limited at the obtuse angle by an associated limit stop location, the limit stop location provided by abutting surfaces of an associated end region of the support bar and associated proximal end of the slider arm.

11. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the slider arms rotates through more than one-hundred-and-eighty degrees from the respective first position to the respective second position.

12. The device of claim 1 further comprising: a third frame assembly with a third support bar and fifth and sixth slider arms, the third support bar extending transversely from a first end region on the first side of the device to a second end region on the second side of the device, each of the fifth and sixth slider arms extending from a proximal end to a distal free end, the proximal ends of the fifth and sixth slider arms rotatably connected to the first and second end regions of the third support bar, respectively, wherein each of the fifth and sixth slider arms is movable from a first position with the free end adjacent to the third support bar to a second position forming an obtuse angle with the third support bar; at least one third link arm extending between and connecting the third slider arm to the fifth slider arm; and at least one fourth link arm extending between and connecting the fourth slider arm to the sixth slider arm; wherein the second frame assembly is positioned between the first and third frame assemblies; and wherein the third frame assembly is movable relative to the first and second frame assemblies via the at least one third and fourth link arms.

13. The device of claim 1 wherein each of the at least one first and second link arms is provided by an associated set of scissor arms.

14. The device of claim 13 wherein each set of scissor arms further comprises a plurality of interconnected segments with a central pivot connection, first and second pivot connections to two associated slider arms, and first and second sliding pivot connections to the two associated slider arms, wherein each of the at least one first and second link arms forms the plurality of interconnected segments for the associated set of scissor arms.

15. The device of claim 1 further comprising a cover supported by the free ends of each of the slider arms and spaced apart from the first and second support bars with the device in the expanded position.

16. The device of claim 15 wherein a central region of the cover defines an aperture therethrough, the cover with a flap attachment sized to extend over the aperture.

17. The device of claim 15 further comprising a semi-rigid sheet connected to a portion of the cover and extending from an intermediate region of the cover to a first end of the cover; and at least one anchoring line extending from the first end of the cover towards a second opposite end of the cover and connected to the frame assemblies, the at least one anchoring line to maintain the portion of the cover at an angle relative to another portion of the cover to provide a lounge chair configuration for the device.

18. The device of claim 15 further comprising a semi-rigid sheet connected to a portion of the cover and extending from an intermediate region of the cover to a first end of the cover; and at least one pole extending from the first end of the cover to the underlying frame assemblies, the at least one pole to maintain the portion of the cover at an angle relative to another portion of the cover to provide a lounge chair configuration for the device.

19. The device of claim 1 wherein the first and second support bars support the device on a ground surface.

20. The device of claim 1 further comprising a travel bag sized to receive the device in the closed position.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) Example embodiments will become more fully understood from the detailed description given herein below and the accompanying drawings, wherein like elements are represented by like reference numerals, which are given by way of illustration only and thus are not limitative of the example embodiments herein.

(2) FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an expandable and collapsible support device in a fully expanded open state, according to an example embodiment.

(3) FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the device of FIG. 1 showing the flap compartment in a closed state.

(4) FIG. 3 is a top plan view of the device of FIG. 1 and a compact closed state.

(5) FIG. 4 is a bottom plan view of the device in the compact closed state.

(6) FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional, portioned view of the hinge assembly connecting support bar to the slider bar for the device of FIG. 1, shown in the compact closed state.

(7) FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional, portioned view of the hinge assembly of FIG. 5, shown in a partially opened state.

(8) FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional, portioned view of the hinge assembly of FIG. 5, shown in a fully expanded open state.

(9) FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the frame for the device of FIG. 1, shown in a partially opened state.

(10) FIG. 9 is a perspective view of the frame for the device of FIG. 1, shown in the fully expanded open state.

(11) FIG. 10 is a perspective view of the device with the material support cover attached to the frame thereof according to another example embodiment.

(12) FIG. 11 is a rear view of a person carrying the device in its compact closed state in a backpack.

(13) FIG. 12 is a view illustrating one step in a method of opening the device from the compact closed state to the expanded open state according to the example embodiments.

(14) FIG. 13 is a view illustrating another step in the method of opening the device.

(15) FIG. 14 is a view illustrating a further step in the method of opening the device.

(16) FIG. 15 is a view illustrating an example camping use case for the device in its expanded open state showing the flap compartment open.

(17) FIG. 16 is a view illustrating another example transportation hub use case for the device in its expanded open state showing the flap compartment open.

(18) FIG. 17 is a view illustrating one step in a method of closing the device from the expanded open state to the compact closed state according to the example embodiments.

(19) FIG. 18 is a view illustrating another step in the method of closing the device.

(20) FIG. 19 is a view illustrating yet another step in the method of closing the device.

(21) FIG. 20 is a view illustrating a further step in the method of closing the device.

(22) FIG. 21 is a view illustrating yet a further step in the method of closing the device rotating the slider arms from their obtuse angle state inward to the closed state.

(23) FIG. 22 is a perspective view of an expandable and collapsible support device in a lounge chair configuration, according to another example embodiment.

(24) FIG. 23 is a perspective view of an expandable and collapsible support device in a lounge chair configuration, according to another example embodiment.

(25) FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a plurality of devices arranged in stackable relation within a container, according to an example embodiment.

(26) FIG. 25 is a perspective view of a plurality of devices arranged in stackable relation on a hand cart, according to an example embodiment.

(27) FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a plurality of devices arranged in stackable relation on a four-wheeled cart, according to an example embodiment.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(28) As required, detailed embodiments of the present invention are disclosed herein; however, it is to be understood that the disclosed embodiments are merely exemplary of the invention that may be embodied in various and alternative forms. The figures are not necessarily to scale; some features may be exaggerated or minimized to show details of particular components. Therefore, specific structural and functional details disclosed herein are not to be interpreted as limiting, but merely as a representative basis for teaching one skilled in the art to variously employ the present invention.

(29) As to be described in detail hereafter, the example embodiments introduce an expandable and collapsible support device which includes an accordion-style frame that expands laterally from a compact closed state to an expanded open state, and a material support cover attached or attachable to the frame to provide a support surface above ground level for the device. The example embodiments also introduce operating methods to quickly open, from a compact closed state, and quickly close, to a compact state from an expended open state, the device in mere seconds.

(30) In the following description, certain specific details are set forth in order to provide a thorough understanding of various example embodiments of the disclosure. However, one skilled in the art will understand that the disclosure may be practiced without these specific details. In other instances, well-known structures associated with manufacturing techniques have not been described in detail to avoid unnecessarily obscuring the descriptions of the example embodiments of the present disclosure.

(31) Unless the context requires otherwise, throughout the specification and claims that follow, the word comprise and variations thereof, such as comprises and comprising, are to be construed in an open, inclusive sense, that is, as including, but not limited to.

(32) Reference throughout this specification to one example embodiment or an embodiment means that a particular feature, structure or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment is included in at least one embodiment. Thus, the appearances of the phrases in one example embodiment or in an embodiment in various places throughout this specification are not necessarily all referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more example embodiments.

(33) As used in this specification and the appended claims, the singular forms a, an, and the include plural referents unless the content clearly dictates otherwise. The term or is generally employed in its sense including and/or unless the content clearly dictates otherwise.

(34) As used in the specification and appended claims, the terms correspond, corresponds, and corresponding are intended to describe a ratio of or a similarity between referenced objects. The use of correspond or one of its forms should not be construed to mean the exact shape or size. In the drawings, identical reference numbers identify similar elements or acts. The size and relative positions of elements in the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale.

(35) Referring now to FIGS. 1 through 11, there is shown an expandable and collapsible support device 100 according to an example embodiment. Device 100 in FIGS. 1 and 2 is shown in a fully-expanded open sate, and includes an accordion-style frame 102 that expands laterally from a compact closed state to an expanded open state, and a material support cover 140 to provide a support surface above ground level for the device 100. Support cover 140 may be one or multi-piece construction, and can be fixedly attached or removably attached to the frame 102 of device 100. FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a two-piece removably attachable construction in which a thin connector piece is connected via zipper 147 to a larger sheet of cover 140. Here, cover 140 has a series of cutouts that engage around upper ends of slider arms 130. A cord or line material, such as a paracord rope or elastic band, could be woven along a periphery (see element 145) and portions 144 can be exposed at cutouts 143 so as to be captured by or otherwise attached to the upper ends of slider arms 130. This is only one example fastening means, others such as hook-an-loop, ties, hooks, tubing, telescoping tubing, fasteners, etc., are foreseeable to the skilled artisan.

(36) FIGS. 3 and 4 show device 100 in the compact closed state and illustrate where cover 140 (in either a single or multi-piece construction) may be fixedly attached to the frame 102 of device 100. FIG. 10 illustrates yet another variant in which cover 140 includes elastic bands 148 that allow it to connect the one or multi-piece construction of support cover 140, and be placed over the slider arms 130 and captured beneath the support arms 105.

(37) Frame 102 further comprises a plurality of support bars 105. Support bars 105 as shown are adapted to support the device 100 on a ground or planar surface, in the expanded open state, in adjacent relation to one another and arranged in a width-wise direction of the device 100. The support bars 105 are thus laterally extendible and collapsible along a lengthwise plane of the device 100.

(38) Device 100 can be configured into any dimensions in both its closed and open states. In one example, and in its compact state, no dimension of the device 100 exceeds 20 inches in length, with a length of 21 inches or less, a width of 10 inches or less, and a height less than 2.1 inches. Of course applications may dictate larger or smaller configurations, it being understood that the compact state dimensions of device 100 lend it to ease of storage and transport. As an example, FIG. 11 is a rear view of a person 175 carrying the device 100 in its compact closed state as a backpack 180. As such, device 100 in its closed compact state is storable as a backpack, within any of a backpack enclosure, suitcase, sack and travel bag, attachable to any of a backpack enclosure, suitcase and travel bag, or stackable in multiples on a movable transport medium or within a container.

(39) Frame 102 also provides a plurality of slider arms 130 in adjacent relation to one another and extendible and collapsible along the lengthwise plane on each side of the device 100, and two sets of scissor arms 110. Each scissor arm set 110 is connected across the slider arms 130 and arranged on either lengthwise side of the device 110. Each scissor arm set 110 is also thus laterally extensible and collapsible along the lengthwise plane of the device 110. Further, each scissor arm set 110 is extendable and collapsible in a plane that is perpendicular to the widthwise extension of the support bars 105 (see best in FIGS. 8 and 9).

(40) Referring to FIG. 8, each scissor arm set 110 is connected at multiple points to each of the corresponding slider arms 130 on its respective lengthwise side of the device 100. The scissor arm set 110 includes a plurality of interconnected segments 111, with pivot connections centrally (at 112), at ends (113A) and at ends 113B that are connected to slider arms 130. For the segment 111 to slider arm 130 connect, the segment is provided with a dowel 115 that is captured in a recess 135 in the slider arm 130; this is merely one example fastening means, others are contemplated within the ordinary skill in the art.

(41) Frame 102 further includes a hinge assembly 120 provided at each interface between an end of a support bar 105 and slide arm 130. Each hinge assembly 120 enables pivoting of its correspondingly connected slider arm 130 relative to its connected support bar 105, in going from the compact closed state toward the expanded open state, so that in the expanded open state the slider arm 130 is at an obtuse angle (see best in FIGS. 7 and 9) relative to its corresponding support bar 105. Each hinge assembly 120 conversely enables pivoting of the slider arms 130 inward towards the support bars 105 as the frame 102 is collapsed back into its compact closed state; this is merely one hinge assembly example, others are contemplated within the ordinary skill in the art.

(42) In another example, one, some or all of the support bars 105, scissor arm sets 110, hinge assemblies 120, slider arms 130 and constituent parts thereof may be formed of a metal such as steel, Al and/or alloys of steel or aluminum using various know metalworking processes. These processes include but are not limited to CNC machining, sand casting, permanent mold casting, die casting, investment casting, ablation casting, closed-die forging, by extrusion, by cold heading, by stamping & deep drawing, via a screw machine, and through powder metallurgy, for example.

(43) Alternatively, one, some or all of the support bars 105, scissor arm sets 110, hinge assemblies 120, slider arms 130 and constituent parts thereof may be constructed primarily from lightweight moldable plastic materials such as moldable plastic, e.g., as a single or multiple parts formed by an injection molding process using a high impact plastic such as Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS). ABS is an easily machined, tough, low cost rigid thermoplastic material with high impact strength, and may be a desirable material for turning, drilling, milling, sawing, die-cutting, shearing, etc. Virgin ABS may be mixed with a plastic regrind of ABS or another lightweight, durable plastic material. ABS is merely an example material, equivalent materials may include various thermoplastic and thermoset materials, such as plastic reinforced with glass filled nylon (GFN), talc-filled polypropylene, high strength polycarbonates such as GE LEXAN, or blended plastics. There are many known injection molding machines for forming plastic injection molds, other plastic molding processes such as vacuum forming may be used.

(44) Material support cover 140 may be formed of any suitable material, including but not limited to canvas, vinyl, ripstop nylon, nylon, 1,000 Denier Dupont Cordura Nylon, polypropylene/polyurethane blends, lycra, natural or synthetic fabrics laminated or coated with waterproofing materials such as rubber, polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyurethane, silicone elastomer, fluoropolymers, wax, and the like, or formed out of a GORTEX material.

(45) The support cover 140 further includes a closeable flap attachment 141 that when open provides a central compartment 142 in the support cover 140. In an example, the central compartment 142 may be configurable to place a person's legs therein, personal articles therein for access therethrough by the person as the person is supported on the device, and to permit access to personal items such as a backpack enclosure, suitcase, sack and travel bag, and to permit access to power cords attached to remote power sources for powering the person's electronic devices.

(46) As best shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, device 100 is further configurable as a cot for sleeping; however it may also be configurable as a lounge chair for seating, as to be shown in subsequent figures. Alternatively, the support cover 140, with the device 100 in its expanded open state, may be further configurable as a camouflage shield or as a ballistic or bullet-proof shield for military and law enforcement use.

(47) As a ballistic shield, cover 140 would be specifically designed to protect against handgun, long gun, and shotgun projectile threats, most types of stabbing or cutting-type weaponry, and hand-thrown or launched projectiles such as rocks and arrows. In use, the shooter would simply prop the device 100 on its side, providing up to 6+ feet in length and at least 2.5 feet in height protection, with shooting lanes provided through center compartment 142, along a side, or through additional viewing apertures provide in cover 140.

(48) The materials of the ballistic shield would be in compliance with specific government ballistic protection levels, such as those promulgated by the United States National Institute of Justice (NIJ) ballistic materials test protocol NIJ-Std-0108.01, for example. Suitable materials for support cover 140 as a ballistic or waterproof shield include but are not limited to armor materials used in one or more wearable or shield products manufactured of KEVLAR, TWARON by AKZO, HONEYWELL ballistic armoring products such as SPECTRA SHIELD, GOLD FLEX, and GOLD SHIELD, DYNEEMA fibers made from Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE), from DSM DYNEEMA, and the like.

(49) Still further, many multi-purpose uses for support device 100 are envisioned. In its expanded open state, these include but are not limited to one or more of a support surface for supporting items or equipment thereon, a screen backing for viewing video, a foldable display device electrically or wirelessly connected to a computing device, a foldable solar array, a bed for pets or children, a bridge for portaging, a photography backdrop, an outdoor object tossing gaming device and a ladder for climbing.

(50) FIGS. 5 through 7 are provided to illustrate the structure and operation of the hinge assembly 120 in more detail. In these figures, the scissor arms sets 110 have been omitted for purposes of clarity, and the views illustrate a cross-section cut take at the interface between support bar 105 and slider arm 130. As shown, each end of a support bar 105 is attached to a support bar collar 107 and secured by fasteners 109, and the lower end of each slider arm 130 is attached to a slider collar 131 and secured by fasteners 133. FIG. 5 shows the closed state, FIG. 6 a partially-open state, and FIG. 7 the fully-expanded open state.

(51) The hinge assembly 120 is contained within the support bar collar 107 and slider collar 131, and includes a first dowel 121 extending transverse through a distal end of the support bar collar 107, with outer surface of the support bar collar 107 having a curved or beveled surface 124. Hinge assembly 120 also includes a second dowel 122 extending transverse through a distal end of the slider collar 131, an outer surface having a curved or beveled surface 124 as well. A metal or hard plastic linking element 125 attaches the first and second dowels 121, 122 together. Observing the dotted arrows in FIGS. 6 and 7, the linking element 125 and beveled surfaces 124 provide a pivot moment about which the slider arm 130 is pivotable relative to the support bar 105, as the device 100 transitions from the compact closed state to the expanded open state, so as to reach the obtuse angle (FIG. 7) and vice versa to the compact closed state. A limit stop (at element 126) location prevents further rotation, toward the expanded open state, of the slider arm 130 relative to the support bar 105. For the close to open state, the rotation angle of the slider arm 130 (dotted arrows) is up to almost 270 degrees. Depending on the curvature of surfaces 124 and the tension in linking element 125, the obtuse angle on the opposite side of the rotation side of slider arm 130 can be set anywhere from slightly greater than 90 degrees to almost 180 degrees; one example setting may be at 135 degrees, such as is shown in FIG. 7.

(52) FIGS. 12 through 14 are views illustrating steps in a method of opening the device from the compact closed state to the expanded open state according to the example embodiments. In this method of operation to open, and referring to FIG. 12 a first end 103 is placed on a group surface 160 and oriented vertically, with the second end 104 grabbed by the person (hereafter user) 175. The user grabs the slide arms 130 and connected scissor arm sets 110 and begins rotating outward and away (recall FIGS. 6 and 7, relative to the support bars 105) until the support arms 130 reach obtuse angle at the limit stop location 126 (FIG. 7). Then, the user lifts end 104 vertically upward (FIG. 13) with end 103 anchored on the ground, expanding frame 102 of device 100 via the scissor arm sets 110. Next, the user 175 may step backward, with frame 102 still anchored at end 103 on ground surface 160, the continue laterally expanding frame 102 of device 100 to its fully expanded open state, thus laying out the expanded frame 102 onto the ground surface 160. The material support cover 140 may then be attached to the frame 102 (such as is shown in the use cases of FIG. 15 or 16), to the upper ends of the pivotable arms 130. The material support cover 140 thus forms the top of the device 100 and is adapted to provide a support surface above ground level for the device 100.

(53) Conversely, FIGS. 17 through 21 are views illustrating steps in a method of closing the device from the expanded open state to the compact closed state according to the example embodiments. To collapse device 100, (here support cover 140 is removable and has been removed in advance; note that it could be fixed to frame 102), user 175 grabs device 100 at end 104 (FIG. 170, using end 103 as a rotation moment against ground surface 160. Before doing this, user 175 has partially rotated the slide arms 130 (see dotted-line arrows) so that slider arms 130 and scissor arm set 110 rest flat on ground surface 160.

(54) User 175 then lifts the frame 102 up vertically from end 104 (FIG. 18), and then immediately drops the frame 102 (FIG. 19) with the aid of gravity toward the ground surface 160 so that the slide arms 130 and connected sets of scissor arms 110 and support bars 105 collapse (see FIG. 20). Finally, user 175 completes the evolution by continuing to rotate the slider arms 130 inward toward each other (FIG. 21) so they lay directly adjacent to one another and between the collapsed support bars 105 and collapsed scissor arm sets 110 (recall FIGS. 3 and 4) so as to realize the compact closed state of the device 100.

(55) FIGS. 22 and 23 are perspective views of an expandable and collapsible support device in various lounge chair configurations, according to another example embodiment. In FIG. 22, an additional semi-rigid sheet 190 may be sewn into or otherwise attached to support cover 140 at seam 191. Here, a pair of anchoring lines 192, or cords, etc., may be anchored at points 193 and 194 to support the weight of the user's upper abdomen/back on top of frame 102. FIG. 23 is similar, but here sheet 190 is support by rods or poles 195 secured between anchoring points 196 and 197. Various fastening mechanisms may be employed to secure anchoring lines 192 or poles 195 between the sheet 190 and fame 102.

(56) FIGS. 24 through 26 are various views of a plurality of the devices 100 arranged in stackable relation within a container, on a hand cart, and on a four-wheeled cart, according to an example embodiment. The compactness of device 100 lends it great flexibility when it comes to transport. Hundreds if not thousands of devices 100 can be easily transported via air, rail and sea as is evident from FIGS. 24-26, such as for use in military operations, in disaster relief operations, concerts, temporary sleeping facilities for mass groups of people, and the like.

(57) The example embodiments having been described, it is apparent that such have many varied applications. For example, the example embodiments may be applicable but not limited to connection to various devices, structures and articles.

(58) The present invention, in its various embodiments, configurations, and aspects, includes components, systems and/or apparatuses substantially as depicted and described herein, including various embodiments, sub-combinations, and subsets thereof. Those of skill in the art will understand how to make and use the present invention after understanding the present disclosure. The present invention, in its various embodiments, configurations, and aspects, includes providing devices in the absence of items not depicted and/or described herein or in various embodiments, configurations, or aspects hereof, including in the absence of such items as may have been used in previous devices, e.g., for improving performance, achieving ease and\or reducing cost of implementation.

(59) The foregoing discussion of the invention has been presented for purposes of illustration and description. The foregoing is not intended to limit the invention to the form or forms disclosed herein. In the foregoing Detailed Description for example, various features of the invention are grouped together in one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects for the purpose of streamlining the disclosure. The features of the embodiments, configurations, or aspects of the invention may be combined in alternate embodiments, configurations, or aspects other than those discussed above. This method of disclosure is not to be interpreted as reflecting an intention that the claimed invention requires more features than are expressly recited in each claim. Rather, as the following claims reflect, inventive aspects lie in less than all features of a single foregoing disclosed embodiment, configuration, or aspect. Thus, the following claims are hereby incorporated into this Detailed Description, with each claim standing on its own as a separate preferred embodiment of the invention.

(60) Moreover, though the description of the invention has included description of one or more embodiments, configurations, or aspects and certain variations and modifications, other variations, combinations, and modifications are within the scope of the invention, e.g., as may be within the skill and knowledge of those in the art, after understanding the present disclosure. It is intended to obtain rights which include alternative embodiments, configurations, or aspects to the extent permitted, including alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures to those claimed, whether or not such alternate, interchangeable and/or equivalent structures disclosed herein, and without intending to publicly dedicate any patentable subject matter.

(61) While exemplary embodiments are described above, it is not intended that these embodiments describe all possible forms of the invention. Rather, the words used in the specification are words of description rather than limitation, and it is understood that various changes may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Additionally, the features of various implementing embodiments may be combined to form further embodiments of the invention.