Emollient composition

Abstract

The present invention relates to an emollient composition comprising emu oil, jojoba oil, a dermatological base and a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate. The composition has efficacy in the prevention or treatment of a range of skin conditions.

Claims

1. An emollient composition comprising in % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% of a dermatological base wherein the dermatological base comprises at least two emollients wherein one is a petrochemical emollient and one is a natural emollient and wherein the petrochemical emollient is selected from petroleum jelly and paraffin and the natural emollient is selected from shea butter, beeswax, lanolin and a lanolin-based emollient; and (d) about 10% to about 40% of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

2. The composition of claim 1 wherein the dermatological base comprises, in % by weight of the composition, between about 20% to about 30% petrochemical emollient and between about 20% to about 30% natural emollient.

3. The composition of claim 1 wherein the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate is selected from the group consisting of aluminium, zinc, lead, iron, barium, tin, titanium, silicon, beryllium, magnesium and calcium.

4. The composition of claim 1 wherein the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate is selected from the group consisting of aluminium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, beryllium oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminium carbonate, zinc carbonate, iron carbonate, and barium carbonate.

5. The composition of claim 4 wherein the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate is selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, zinc carbonate, titanium dioxide, and iron (III) oxide.

6. The composition of claim 1 wherein the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate in the composition comprises between about 5% to about 20% calamine and between about 5% to about 20% of a further metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

7. The composition of claim 6 wherein the further metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate comprises zinc oxide.

8. The composition of claim 1, further comprising at least one preservative.

9. The composition of claim 8 wherein the at least one preservative is selected from Eucalyptus oil and a piroctone salt or derivative.

10. The composition of claim 9 wherein the Eucalyptus oil is present, in % by weight of the composition, from about 1.0% to about 6%.

11. The composition of claim 1 comprising, in % by weight amounts of the composition, about 10% to about 15% jojoba oil, about 5% to about 10% emu oil, about 2% to about 5% Eucalyptus oil, about 10% to about 15% zinc oxide, about 10% to about 15% calamine, about 15% to about 35% of a petrochemical emollient selected from petroleum jelly and paraffin and about 15% to about 35% of a natural emollient selected from shea butter, beeswax, lanolin and a lanolin-based emollient.

12. A method of treating and/or preventing a skin condition in a subject, the method including the step of administering to the skin of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an emollient composition comprising, in % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% of a dermatological base wherein the dermatological base comprises at least two emollients wherein one is a petrochemical emollient and one is a natural emollient and wherein the petrochemical emollient is selected from petroleum jelly and paraffin and the natural emollient is selected from shea butter, beeswax, lanolin and a lanolin-based emollient; and (d) about 10% to about 40% of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the skin condition is selected from the group consisting of dry skin, nappy rash, inflammation, erythema, psoriasis rashes, bed sores, allergic rashes, acne, rosacea, minor skin infections, and skin irritation rashes.

14. A method of formulating an emollient composition including the step of combining and mixing emu oil, jojoba oil, a dermatological base and a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to form the emollient composition in the following % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% dermatological base wherein the dermatological base comprises at least two emollients wherein one is a petrochemical emollient and one is a natural emollient and wherein the petrochemical emollient is selected from petroleum jelly and paraffin and the natural emollient is selected from shea butter, beeswax, lanolin and a lanolin-based emollient; and (d) about 10% to about 40% metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

15. The method of claim 14 wherein the combining and mixing are carried out at below 40 C.

16. The composition of claim 1 wherein the natural emollient is lanolin or a lanolin-based emollient.

17. The composition of claim 1 wherein the paraffin is white soft paraffin.

18. An emollient composition comprising in % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% of a dermatological base wherein the dermatological base comprises at least two emollients wherein one is a petrochemical emollient selected from petroleum jelly and paraffin and one is a natural emollient selected from lanolin and a lanolin-based emollient; and (d) about 10% to about 40% of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

Description

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) In this specification, adjectives such as additional, and the like may be used solely to distinguish one element or action from another element or action without necessarily requiring or implying any actual such relationship or order. Words such as comprises or includes are intended to define a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a composition or method that comprises a list of elements does not include only those elements but may include other elements not expressly listed, including elements that are inherent to such a composition or method.

(2) The terms treat, treatment or treating, as used herein, refer to a therapeutic intervention that ameliorates a sign or symptom of a skin condition after it has begun to develop. The term ameliorating, with reference to skin conditions, refers to any observable beneficial effect of the treatment. The beneficial effect can be determined using any methods or standards known to the ordinarily skilled artisan.

(3) By prevent, preventing or preventative is meant prophylactically administering the composition to a mammal who does not exhibit signs or symptoms of a skin condition, but who is expected or anticipated to likely exhibit such signs or symptoms in the absence of prevention. Preventative treatment may at least lessen or partly ameliorate expected symptoms or signs.

(4) As used herein, skin condition refers to a dermatological disease, which includes but is not limited to states of distress of the skin, rashes, burns, cuts, abrasions, inflammation, dry skin, pruritis, rubor, dermatitis, eczema, urticarial and erythema.

(5) The terms effective amount or therapeutically effective amount describes a quantity of the composition of the first aspect sufficient to achieve a desired coverage and consequent outcome in a subject being treated. In some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount is sufficient to treat and/or prevent skin conditions. The therapeutically effective amount may vary, in a manner which would be understood by a person of skill in the art, with the patient's age, sex, weight, severity of the skin condition etc.

(6) As used herein, inflammation refers to the well-known localised response to various types of conditions or infections, which is characterised by redness, heat, swelling, itchiness and pain. Inflammation represents an early defense mechanism to contain an infection and prevent its spread from the initial focus and to deliver repair messages. Major events in inflammation include dilation of capillaries to increase blood flow, changes in the microvasculature structure, leading to escape of plasma, proteins, and leukocytes from circulation, and leukocyte emigration from the capillaries and accumulation at the site of the condition or infection.

(7) The term about as used herein in relation to the amount of a component, means that the amount is nominally the number following the term about but the actual amount may vary from this precise amount to an unimportant degree.

(8) Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as would be commonly understood by those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs.

(9) In one broad aspect, the invention resides in an emollient composition comprising emu oil, jojoba oil and a dermatological base.

(10) In a first aspect, the invention resides in an emollient composition comprising in % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% of a dermatological base; and (d) about 10% to about 40% of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

(11) The emollient composition is useful for treating and/or preventing a skin condition.

(12) Preferably, the composition is a topical composition.

(13) Suitably, the composition is a substantially homogenous cream or lotion.

(14) The % by weight amount of the emu oil in the composition is suitably from about 0.1% to about 50%, preferably from about 1% to about 35%, more preferably from about 2.5% to about 15%, even more preferably about 3% to about 12%, and still more preferably from about 4% to about 10%, including about 5%, 6%, 7%, 8% and 9%. A preferred range is greater than 5% to less than about 9% by weight of the composition such as 5.5% to 9%.

(15) The term emu oil as used herein may refer to any oil that is derived from adipose tissue harvested from emus. Emu oil may also be derived from any of the subspecies, Dromaius novaehollandiae. Without being bound to any particular constituent, reference herein to emu oil may be considered to include one or more chemical compounds selected from oleic acid, omega-6 fatty acids, stearic acid, palmitic acid, linoleic acid, and/or linolenic acid. These chemical compounds can be produced synthetically or derived from another source including essential oils and used in the present composition. It is preferred, however, that the oil is harvested from an Emu species.

(16) The % by weight amount of jojoba oil in the composition is suitably from about 0.1% to about 50%, preferably from about 1% to about 35%, more preferably from about 4% to about 25%, even more preferably about 6% to about 20%, and still more preferably from about 8% to about 18%, including about 9%, 10%, 11%, 12%, 13%, 14%, 15%, 16% and 17%. A preferred range is greater than 10% to less than about 15% by weight of the composition.

(17) The term jojoba oil as used herein refers to any oil that is derived from the seed of the Jojoba plant including purified and/or refined derivatives of jojoba oil. The jojoba oil can be extracted by employing a number of methods known to a person skilled in the art, such as steam distillation, or mechanical or chemical means. Without being bound to any particular constituent, reference herein to jojoba oil may be considered to include one or more chemical compounds selected from docosdienoic acid, 11-eiconsenoic acid, 9-godoelic acid, docosenoic acid, oleic acid, and/or palmitoleic acid. These chemical compounds can alternatively be produced synthetically or derived from another source including essential oils and used in the present composition.

(18) Typical compositions for treating skin conditions are greasy and not sufficiently viscous, and require the patient to rub or work the composition onto and around the affected area and into the skin. The addition of jojoba oil and emu oil provide the present composition with superior penetrability and therefore effective absorbance of other components whilst providing a range of advantageous properties in and of themselves. The composition is also highly malleable which makes it easy to apply precisely to the affected area where it is quickly absorbed before it can be rubbed off onto clothes or garments.

(19) Prior art compositions often use methylsulfonylmethane or urea to penetrate the skin which can have harmful side effects. The present composition achieves its purpose without the use of harmful components. It is one advantage of the present invention that no further diluents or excipients are required other than the components mentioned above. However, depending of the mode of administration or formulation and manufacture considerations it may, at times, be useful to include one or more carriers, excipients, diluents and the like as are known in the art.

(20) The astringent properties of zinc oxide in prior art compositions cause mild coagulation of the skin proteins, which hardens and dries the skin. As such, the skin could be less receptive to absorbing the composition. The addition of the jojoba oil with an amphoteric oxide, and/or other metal oxide, and dermatological base alleviates this problem through its emollient properties which help to counteract the astringent effects of the amphoteric oxide. As such, the absorption properties of the composition allow the composition to penetrate deeper and be absorbed into the skin even in the presence of the astringent amphoteric oxides.

(21) The properties contributed by the jojoba oil include increased workability during formulation of the composition. This is a distinct advantage of the present composition as without the jojoba the dermatological base of emollients and the amphoteric oxides or other metal oxides may form a viscous mass which is extremely difficult to manipulate and which requires extensive cleaning of the machinery following mixing.

(22) The emu oil, while also assisting in improving the workability of the composition, also provides antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties thereto and so inherently protects the skin from possible bacterial and fungal infection while the anti-inflammatory components counter skin irritation and inflammation. Its ability to penetrate the epidermal lipid barrier acts to lessen the risk of skin dehydration by continuously hydrating the skin, providing a moist environment and providing skin nutrients aiding protection and repair of damaged tissue.

(23) In summary, the emu oil provides significant benefits to the present composition through: (i) its ability to act as a dermal penetrant and medicament carrier; (ii) its anti-inflammatory properties; (iii) its ability to act as an emollient/moisturizer, (iv) its bacteriostatic properties; (v) its low potential for irritation of the skin; and (vi) its non-comedogenic properties (it does not clog up the pores).

(24) The % by weight amount of the dermatological base in the composition is suitably from about 10% to about 80%, preferably from about 25% to about 75%, more preferably from about 30% to about 70%, even more preferably from about 35% to about 67%, and most preferably from about 40% to about 65%. A preferred range is greater than 45% to less than about 60% by weight of the composition such as 48% to 55%.

(25) The dermatological base comprises at least one emollient.

(26) The term emollient as used herein in relation to the composition, can be interchanged with moisturizer, and includes occlusive emollients, humectants emollients, antipruritic emollients and antiseptic emollients.

(27) In certain embodiments, the at least one emollient is a petrochemical emollient and/or a natural emollient.

(28) Typically, petrochemical emollients are derived using energy intensive methods, such as high temperature production methods. The petrochemical emollient can be oleochemical products derived from vegetable oil, or substances derived from petrochemical materials.

(29) In one embodiment, the petrochemical emollient is selected from the group consisting of mineral oils, petroleum jelly, fatty acids, triglycerides, glycols (including ethylene glycols such as PEG), glycerol stearate, hydrogenated oils, paraffin, stearic acid, castor oil, ethoxylated and ethoxylated hydrogenated castor oils and petrochemical based substances. A person skilled in the art will recognize that the list provided is not exhaustive and will understand that there are further known suitable petrochemical emollients. These petrochemical emollients may be produced synthetically, or derived from a natural source.

(30) In one embodiment, the petrochemical emollient is white soft paraffin.

(31) The % by weight amount of the petrochemical emollient, such as white soft paraffin, in the composition is suitably from about 10% to about 50%, more suitably about 15% to about 40%, and preferably from about 20% to about 30%, including about 22% to about 28%.

(32) Natural emollients are emollients that are not typically produced using energy intensive conditions, such as high temperatures. High temperatures can cause nutrients, antioxidants and some fatty acids to decompose.

(33) In one embodiment, the natural emollient is an oil, fat or wax which is derived from a natural source, such as plants, fruits, seeds, insects, or animals. In certain embodiments, the natural emollient is selected from the group consisting of lanolin, shea butter, cocoa butter, mineral oil, beeswax, carnauba or palm wax, squalene, coconut oil, almond oil, olive oils and sesame oils. It is preferred that the natural emollient is an extract comprised largely of long chain waxy esters. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that this list of natural emollients is not an exhaustive list, and is representative only. These natural emollients can themselves be made up of a number of chemicals and these chemicals can be produced synthetically or derived from another source.

(34) In one embodiment, the natural emollient is lanolin or a lanolin-based emollient.

(35) The % by weight amount of the natural emollient, such as lanolin, in the composition is suitably from about 10% to about 50%, more suitably about 15% to about 40%, and preferably from about 20% to about 30%, including about 22% to about 28%.

(36) In certain embodiments, the dermatological base comprises at least two emollients wherein one is a petrochemical emollient and one is a natural emollient.

(37) In these embodiments it is preferred that the petrochemical emollient is white soft paraffin and that the natural emollient is selected from shea butter, beeswax, lanolin or a lanolin-based emollient. Preferably, the natural emollient is lanolin or a lanolin-based emollient.

(38) In one embodiment, the composition further comprises a preservative. The preservative may not be necessary if the composition is to be used shortly after manufacture but is preferred for storage.

(39) The preservative is a substance that is added to the composition to prevent microbial growth and undesirable chemical changes. The preservative can be naturally derived, or a synthetically produced. The preservative may be selected from the group consisting of antioxidants, antimicrobial additives, benzylalcohol, caprylic acid, carrylyl glycol, EDTA, phenoxyethanol, tocopherol, BHT, potassium sorbate, tea tree oil, parabens, anti-fungals and Eucalyptus oil. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that this is not an exhaustive list of suitable preservatives but serves to illustrate some of the possible options.

(40) In one embodiment, the preservative is a plant-derived oil including those derived from the wood, stem, bark, flowers or leaves of a plant, shrub or tree. The use of an oil as the preservative may provide advantages to the physical properties and feel on the skin of the composition.

(41) In preferred embodiments, the preservative is Eucalyptus oil.

(42) The term Eucalyptus oil as used herein refers to any oil that is derived from Eucalyptus leaves including purified and/or refined derivatives of Eucalyptus oil. Eucalyptus oil may be derived from the leaves of Eucalyptus and any of its cultivars or from another species of Myrtaceae. The Eucalyptus oil can be extracted in a number of methods known to a person skilled in the art, such as steam distillation, mechanical or chemical means. Without being bound to any particular constituents, Eucalyptus oil may include cineole. This chemical compound may be produced synthetically or may be derived from other sources.

(43) Preferably, the Eucalyptus oil contains at least 70% by weight of cineole.

(44) The % by weight amount of the preservative in the composition is suitably from about 0.1% to about 20%, more suitably about 0.5% to about 10%, and preferably from about 1.0% to about 6%, including about 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%. A preferred range is greater than 2% to less than about 5% by weight of the composition such as 2.5% to 4.5%.

(45) In one embodiment, the composition may, in addition to Eucalyptus oil, further comprise a piroctone salt or derivative as an anti-fungal agent. A preferred salt is piroctone olamine, the ethanolamine salt of piroctone.

(46) The piroctone salt or derivative may be present in the composition in an amount from about 0.01% to about 2% by weight, about 0.05% to about 1.5%, or about 0.1% to about 1.0% inclusive of about 0.15%, 0.20%, 0.25%, 0.3% and 0.35% by weight.

(47) In certain embodiments, the composition further comprises a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

(48) The % by weight amount of the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate in the composition is suitably from about 5% to about 50%, preferably from about 10% to about 40%, more preferably from about 15% to about 35%, and most preferably from about 20% to about 30% including values of about 21%, 22%, 23%, 24%, 25%, 26%, 27%, 28% and 29%. A preferred range is greater than about 22% to less than about 28% by weight of the composition such as 23% to 27%.

(49) The metal or metalloid may be selected from the group consisting of aluminium, zinc, lead, iron, barium, tin, titanium, silicon, beryllium, magnesium and calcium. Each of these metals or metalloid may be combined, as appropriate, to form an oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

(50) In embodiments, the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate may be selected from the group consisting of aluminium oxide, tin oxide, zinc oxide, lead oxide, beryllium oxide, iron oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, titanium dioxide, silicon dioxide, aluminium hydroxide, zinc hydroxide, magnesium carbonate, calcium carbonate, aluminium carbonate, zinc carbonate, iron carbonate, and barium carbonate.

(51) The metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate may be one or more transition metal oxides, hydroxides or carbonates.

(52) In certain preferred embodiments, the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate comprises an amphoteric oxide. The amphoteric oxide may be selected from the group consisting of zinc oxide, aluminium oxide, titanium dioxide, or iron (III) oxide.

(53) The metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, preferably an amphoteric oxide with optional further insoluble metal oxide, may be present in the composition to alleviate problems associated with pH change. An amphoteric oxide, and/or other metal oxide, such as iron oxide, is capable of reacting as an acid or a base to act as a buffer to minimize pH changes in the surrounding environment, and therefore alleviates the irritation experienced when there is a pH change at the surface of the skin. Such a pH change may be caused by microbial activity which can bring about a pH driven burning, itching or other irritation sensation in the subject.

(54) It has also unexpectedly and advantageously been found that the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, such as an amphoteric oxide, contributes to providing an optimal viscosity, application feel and workability to the composition compared with the composition when it is absent. This reduces the need for higher amounts or, for example, lanolin or other viscosing agents thereby unexpectedly providing dual benefits in the composition. It has not previously been realised that metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate could, in relatively high amounts by weight of an emollient composition, positively affect the physical feel and workability characteristics thereof.

(55) Preferably, the amphoteric oxide is zinc oxide.

(56) In one embodiment, the metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate is present, at least in part, in the form of calamine. Calamine is formed from zinc oxide as an amphoteric oxide and iron oxide as an insoluble metal oxide, with some blends comprising zinc carbonate.

(57) The calamine preferably comprises zinc oxide and iron (III) oxide. The % by weight amount of zinc oxide in the calamine is suitably from about 95% to about 99.9%, more suitably about 98% to about 99.9%, and more preferably about 99% to about 99.9%, and most preferably about 99.5%. The % by weight amount of iron (III) oxide in the calamine is suitably from about 0.1% to about 5%, more suitably about 0.1% to about 2%, more preferably about 0.1% to about 1%, and most preferably about 0.5%.

(58) The metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate may be present in the composition as calamine and a further amount of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, for example, zinc oxide. In certain embodiments, the composition comprises calamine at from about 5% to about 20% by weight of the composition, preferably from about 8% to about 15% and, additionally, an amount of metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate in the same % by weight of the composition ranges. Therefore, in one embodiment, the composition comprises from about 5% to about 20% calamine and from about 5% to about 20% metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, preferably from about 8% to about 15% calamine and from about 8% to about 15% metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, more preferably from about 10% to about 14% calamine and from about 10% to about 14% metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate. The metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate may be selected from those previously recited but a preferred example is zinc oxide.

(59) In one embodiment, the composition of the first aspect comprises, in % by weight amounts of the entire composition, about 10% to about 15% jojoba oil, about 5% to about 10% emu oil, about 2% to about 5% Eucalyptus oil, about 20% to about 30% metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, which amount may optionally include calamine and a separate metal or metalloid oxide, and about 40% to about 60% dermatological base.

(60) In one embodiment, the composition of the first aspect comprises, in % by weight amounts of the entire composition, about 10% to about 15% jojoba oil, about 5% to about 10% emu oil, about 2% to about 5% Eucalyptus oil, about 10% to about 15% zinc oxide, about 10% to about 15% calamine, about 15% to about 35% of a petrochemical emollient, such as white soft paraffin, and about 15% to about 35% of a natural emollient selected from the group consisting of lanolin, shea butter, cocoa butter, mineral oil, beeswax, carnauba or palm wax, squalene, coconut oil, almond oil, olive oils and sesame oils.

(61) Preferably, the petrochemical emollient is white soft paraffin and the natural emollient is lanolin.

(62) In one embodiment, the composition of the first aspect consists of, or alternatively consists essentially of, jojoba oil, emu oil, Eucalyptus oil, calamine, zinc oxide, lanolin and white soft paraffin oil. The relative amounts of each component may be selected individually from any of those as previously described.

(63) In one specific embodiment, the emollient composition further comprises an antioxidant and diuretic such as caffeine.

(64) In a further embodiment, the emollient composition further comprises an agent selected from the group consisting of a polyphenol antioxidant, a procyanidin, a sulphonated polysaccharide and a flavenoid. When the component is a polyphenol antioxidant it may be epigallocatechin gallate.

(65) It has been found that the addition of relatively small amounts of caffeine, or caffeine sodium benzoate into a topical application can decrease the number of malignant and nonmalignant tumors which may present on a mammals skin. It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the caffeine, or caffeine sodium benzoate can be obtained from natural sources or produced synthetically.

(66) A further benefit may be obtained when epigallocatechin gallate is present with caffeine in the topically applied emollient composition in that it has been found in the art that there is a further decrease in the presentation of malignant and nonmalignant tumors when compared to subjects not treated with the composition. Again, it will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the epigallocatechin gallate can be obtained from natural sources or produced synthetically. The polyphenol antioxidant, procyanidin, sulphonated polysaccharide and flavenoid components may provide for the same benefits.

(67) In one embodiment, the composition may further comprise an extract or preparation from a plant of the genus Arnica. This extract or preparation may assist with encouraging the healing of bruising on the skin.

(68) The emollient composition of the first aspect has a desirable viscosity profile, emollient and water-repellent properties, and can maintain a barrier between an irritant and the skin. The desirable viscosity profile allows the composition to be isolated over a small surface area to provide the affected area with a greater amount of composition to treat and/or prevent a skin condition. The composition also forms a barrier over the skin that will prevent bodily fluid, bodily wastes, irritants and bacteria from being in contact with the skin. This barrier will alleviate possible irritation experienced by the patient and will also help to prevent the layer of skin from being compromised.

(69) Although the present composition has a relatively high oil content, it does not have a correspondingly greasy feel on the skin due to a reduced amount of composition remaining on the surface of the skin because of the penetrant properties of jojoba oil and emu oil. The emollient properties of the composition allow for efficient and faster penetration into the skin, and as such the composition resides on the surface of the skin for a reduced time period. The smaller amount of composition on the surface of the skin will still form a barrier between any irritants and the skin, and minimizes the amount of composition that can be rubbed off onto garments or clothing. Hence, the absorption properties alleviate the problems associated with the composition rubbing off onto garments and/or clothing. The dermatological base, particularly the lanolin when present, assists in preventing moisture loss from the skin and so effectively locks in moisture.

(70) Further, it is a distinct advantage of the present composition that it can be formulated from start to finish at room temperature or thereabouts. Many prior art emollient compositions require temperatures above 40 C., 50 C., or higher to achieve a reasonable blend of the various ingredients. The present composition uses emu oil in significant quantities and temperatures above 40 C. can destroy many of the beneficial components of that oil so the ability to blend at room temperature provides for a more efficacious final product. Therefore, in one embodiment, the composition of the first aspect is prepared or blended at a temperature of less than 40 C., preferably less than about 35 C., more preferably less than about 30 C. or 25 C.

(71) In one embodiment, the pH of the emollient composition will be within the range of 4.5 to 8.0, preferably 5.0 to 7.5 and more preferably about 5.5 to 6.5. The pH of the composition may be important in ensuring further irritation is not caused when applied to damaged skin.

(72) In a second aspect, the invention resides in a method of treating and/or preventing a skin condition in a subject, the method including the step of administering to the skin of the subject a therapeutically effective amount of an emollient composition comprising, in % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% of a dermatological base; and (d) about 10% to about 40% of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

(73) The composition may be as described in any one or more embodiments of the first aspect.

(74) Preferably, the step of administering the composition is a step of topical administration.

(75) In one embodiment, the skin condition may be selected from the group consisting of dry skin, nappy rash, erythema, psoriasis rashes, bed sores, allergic rashes, acne, rosacea, minor skin infections, and other skin irritation rashes.

(76) The amount of the composition prescribed to a subject may vary depending on the manner of administration, nature and severity of the symptoms, age and body weight of the subject. Under certain circumstances, however, higher or lower daily amounts of the composition may be appropriate. The administration of the composition can be carried out both by single administration in the form of an individual application or else several smaller applications and also by multiple applications at specific intervals. As the composition does not contain any toxic agents it may be that the patient can simply apply the composition as needed in the affected areas.

(77) Preferred embodiments of the composition are in the form of a topical solution, lotion, shake solution, cream, ointment, gel, sprayable lotion, sprayable solution, sprayable foam, foam or balm.

(78) In a third aspect, the invention resides in a method of formulating an emollient composition including the step of combining and mixing emu oil, jojoba oil, a dermatological base and a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate to form the emollient composition in the following % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% dermatological base; and (d) about 10% to about 40% metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate.

(79) In a fourth aspect, the invention resides in the use of an emollient composition comprising, in % by weight amounts of the composition: (a) about 2.5% to about 15% emu oil; (b) about 4% to about 25% jojoba oil; (c) about 25% to about 75% of a dermatological base; and (d) about 10% to about 40% of a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate,

(80) in the preparation of a medicament for use in the treatment and/or prevention of a skin condition in a subject.

(81) The emollient composition of the third and fourth aspects is as described herein for any one or more embodiments of the emollient composition of the first aspect. The skin condition may be as previously described for the second aspect.

(82) In one embodiment, the method of formulating the composition of the first aspect further includes adding and mixing a preservative.

(83) A vessel used for the mixing operation is a chemical resistant vessel which does not react with the composition and has a variable speed stirring.

(84) The constituents can be added in any order and stirred for a predetermined amount of time before the addition of each constituent.

(85) Preferably, the emu oil and jojoba oil are added to a metal or metalloid oxide, hydroxide or carbonate, preferably an amphoteric oxide with a further optional metal oxide, such as an iron oxide, and subsequently the dermatological base is added.

(86) Preferably, the combining and mixing are carried out at below 40 C.

EXAMPLES

Example 1Sample Composition

(87) An emollient composition according to one embodiment of the invention for treating and/or preventing inflammation, and other conditions as described herein, was prepared containing the relative amounts of ingredients shown in Table 1 below. The composition was prepared by the process described in Example 2.

(88) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sample Composition Component Amount (Kg) Emu Oil 7 Eucalyptus Oil 3.4 Jojoba Oil 12.6 Lanolin 26 White soft paraffin 26 Calamine 12.5 Zinc Oxide 12.5 Total 100

Example 2Example Manufacturing Process

(89) The following working steps were taken to produce a composition for treating and/or preventing inflammation with the relative amounts as set out in table 1: a. add finely sieved calamine and zinc oxide together into a suitably sized vessel and mix; b. weigh out and add jojoba oil to the above powders while mixing; c. weigh out and add emu oil to the above powders while mixing; d. weigh out and add Eucalyptus oil to the above powders while mixing; e. stirring for about 10 minutes until all of the above ingredients are evenly dispersed; f. weigh out lanolin and white soft paraffin and add these to a separate vessel whilst stirring to combine the two to achieve a smooth consistency and then add to the above powder and oils mixture; g. mixing the resultant composition until homogenous with a smooth consistency or alternatively putting the mixture through a milling process but, either way, ensuring all ingredients are evenly dispersed with no lumps or chunks of dry powder remaining; and h. filling suitably sized containers with the composition.
The mixing/stirring steps in this process may be performed at room temperature and no heating is required which is a significant advantage flowing from the physical properties provided to the composition by the key components.

Example 3Further Sample Composition

(90) An emollient composition according to one further embodiment of the invention for treating and/or preventing inflammation, and other conditions as described herein, was prepared containing the relative amounts of ingredients shown in Table 2 below. The composition was prepared largely by the process described in Example 2 with the further addition of piroctone olamine which can be added as the final component into the mixture following step f of example 2.

(91) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Further Sample Composition Component Amount (g) Emu Oil 7 Eucalyptus Oil 3.4 Jojoba Oil 12.6 Lanolin (ultra-pure) 25.9 White soft paraffin (Vaseline) 25.9 Calamine 12.5 Zinc Oxide 12.5 Piroctone olamine 0.2 Total 100

Example 4Further Sample Composition

(92) A composition of just the components of the dermatological base along with two metal oxides i.e. a mixture of (i) calamine; (ii) zinc oxide; (iii) lanolin; and (iv) white soft paraffin, resulted in a composition that was oily, inconsistent, and had solid aggregates. The addition of the emu oil and the jojoba oil to the dermatological base plus oxides therefore surprisingly resulted in a composition that was smooth, less greasy with a consistent viscosity profile and no observable aggregates. The addition of the emu oil and jojoba oil therefore resulted in a composition that is easier to manufacture, whilst improving the penetration of the composition, and giving a more desirable viscosity profile.

Example 5Application in the Treatment of Rashes

(93) A composition of the first aspect was prepared to have the composition described in table 1. Two people were treated for severe rashes/dermatitis with the composition. The dose was approximately 0.2 mL (equivalent to 0.2 gm) of the composition applied to about 45 sq cm of affected skin two or three times a day. Both people remarked on how easy and painless it was to spread the composition on sore rashes. Both people reported ease of spreading and fast absorption into the skin so there was no transfer onto clothes.

(94) Patient one was a male 55 years old with no other clinical conditions other than a severe rash on the inner side of his upper arm and a second very severe and possibly infected rash under his arm. Both rashes reported as very itchy and painful with raised red welts and pimples. He had previously applied hydrocortisone gel which, he reported, made the condition of the rashes worse, including stripping the skin. He had tried to use Bepanthen but found it far too hard and painful to spread and felt it did not work. He reported it felt too sticky.

(95) The patient applied the composition to the affected regions 2-3 times daily for 4 days. He reported an almost immediate effect on itch and complete control and absence of the rash at about 4 days. The composition was non-irritating, easy to apply and quickly absorbed.

(96) Patient two was a female of about 50 years of age presenting with no clinical conditions other than two rash episodes described as follows: (i) flat and red and sore/itchy rash on hand, described as a dermatitis. This condition was reported as having cleared with 1-2 days use with coverage over the rash area and application twice a day; (ii) raised and red, painful, itchy and sore rash on bottom from rowing i.e. likely a friction rash. The composition of table 1 was applied twice a day and the rash in this instance resolved completely in 2-3 days.

(97) The above description of various embodiments of the present invention is provided for purposes of description to one of ordinary skill in the related art. It is not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to a single disclosed embodiment. As mentioned above, numerous alternatives and variations to the present invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art of the above teaching. Accordingly, while some alternative embodiments have been discussed specifically, other embodiments will be apparent or relatively easily developed by those of ordinary skill in the art. Accordingly, this invention is intended to embrace all alternatives, modifications and variations of the present invention that have been discussed herein, and other embodiments that fall within the spirit and scope of the above described invention.