Modular Seismic Isolation Supports and Floors

Abstract

Improved support systems, including seismic isolation platforms, tracks and flooring systems are disclosed for protecting a payload, for example, data center racks containing delicate computer equipment such as a hard disk drive, from damage due to vibrations such as seismic vibrations and the like. The systems are modular in design, and can be assembled and changed quickly, while being strong and robust enough to support heavy loads.

Claims

1-13. (canceled)

14) A kit of parts for constructing a modular raised support system, comprising: a) a first plurality of modular support units, each said modular support unit comprising a lower horizontal connector; an upper horizontal connector; two vertically extending connectors each joined to both said upper horizontal connector and said lower horizontal connector; upper mating components comprising at least two upper lateral mating components and at least two upper back mating components; and lower mating components comprising at least two lower lateral mating components and at least two lower back mating components; and b) a second plurality of aisle base stand connectors, each aisle base stand connector having two ends structured to be joined to the upper mating components and/or lower mating components; said kit of parts having a shipping configuration comprising a first shipping volume wherein said aisle base stand connectors are not connected to said modular support units, and a second assembled volume wherein said aisle base stand connectors are connected to said modular support units.

15) The kit of claim 14 wherein said second plurality of aisle base stand connectors is at least 4 times said first plurality of modular support units.

16) The kit of claim 14 wherein said first shipping volume is smaller than said second assembled volume.

17) The kit of claim 16 wherein said at least one modular support unit of said first plurality of modular support units comprises two isolator mounts, each joined thereto on a top surface of said upper horizontal connector on an axis defined by a vertically extended connecter joined to the upper horizontal connector.

18) The kit of claim 14 wherein at least one modular support unit of said first plurality of modular support units comprises at least two lower front mating components.

19) The kit of claim 18 wherein at least two modular support units of said first plurality of modular support units comprises at least two lower front mating components.

20) The kit of claim 18 wherein all but two modular support units of said first plurality of modular support units comprises at least two lower front mating components.

21) The kit of claim 17 comprising at least two rolling member seismic isolators, each of said at least two rolling member seismic isolators comprising a seismic isolator bottom half structured to be fastened to each said isolator mount.

22) The kit of claim 19 comprising at least one support platform structured to be joined to a plurality of seismic isolator top halves.

23) The kit of claim 19 wherein said at least one support platform is structured to be joined to at least four seismic isolator top halves.

24) The kit of claim 14 wherein the second assembled volume comprises a modular raised support system having at least four rolling member seismic isolators.

26) The kit of claim 24 wherein the second assembled volume comprises a modular raised support system having at least six rolling member seismic isolators.

27) The kit of claim 14 wherein the second assembled volume comprises a modular raised support system having at least eight rolling member seismic isolators.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0055] FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a prior art seismic equipment stand showing computer equipment fitted to and lowered onto the stand.

[0056] FIG. 1A is a closeup view of the foot plate assembly of the equipment stand shown in FIG. 1.

[0057] FIG. 1B is a closeup view of an alternative embodiment of the foot plate assembly of the equipment stand shown in FIG. 1.

[0058] FIG. 1C is a closeup view of an alternative embodiment of the foot plate assembly of the equipment stand shown in FIG. 1.

[0059] FIG. 2 is a top view of one example of a four-isolator version of the seismic isolation support of the present invention.

[0060] FIG. 3 is a slightly elevated front view of the four-isolator seismic isolation support shown in FIG. 2.

[0061] FIG. 4 is an elevated front view of four seismic isolation supports of the present invention arranged in two rows.

[0062] FIG. 5 is a slightly elevated view of the four seismic isolation supports shown in FIG. 4 from a corner of one of the two rows.

[0063] FIG. 6 is a view showing a cross support member joining 2 four-isolator seismic isolation supports at a 180 angle.

[0064] FIG. 7 is a top view showing another example of the seismic isolation support of the present invention comprising 2 separate two-isolator modular support units bridged and joined by a sheet component to make a stable four-isolator seismic equipment platform. In this view the lower isolator frame is shown, but the isolator bearing itself is not.

[0065] FIG. 8 is a detailed top view of the sheet component depicted in FIG. 7.

[0066] FIG. 9 is a detailed top view of a 4 tile-sized flooring frame for use with the seismic isolation floors of the present invention.

[0067] FIG. 10A is a front view of a two-isolator modular seismic support unit, showing upper and lower support frame elements and the lower isolator mount on top thereof. The isolator bearing is not shown.

[0068] FIG. 10B is a side view of the two-isolator modular seismic support unit shown in FIG. 10A.

[0069] FIG. 10C is a top view of the two-isolator modular seismic support unit shown in FIG. 10A.

[0070] FIG. 11A is a front view of a modular seismic support end unit, showing upper and lower support frame elements, and without showing the lower isolator mount. The isolator bearing is not shown.

[0071] FIG. 11B is a side view of the modular seismic support unit shown in FIG. 11A.

[0072] FIG. 11C is a top view of the modular seismic support unit shown in FIG. 11A.

[0073] FIG. 12A is a top view of a 48-inch aisle base stand connector, used to connect modular seismic support units together.

[0074] FIG. 12B is a side view of a 48-inch aisle base stand connector, used to connect modular seismic support units together.

[0075] FIG. 12C is a top view of a 33-inch aisle base stand connector, used to connect modular seismic support units together.

[0076] FIG. 12D is a side view of a 33-inch aisle base stand connector, used to connect modular seismic support units together.

[0077] FIG. 12E is a side view of a 15-inch aisle base stand connector, used to connect modular seismic support units together.

[0078] FIG. 12F is a side view of a 15-inch aisle base stand connector, used to connect modular seismic support units together.

[0079] FIG. 13 is a perspective rendering of the front of the modular support end unit shown in FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C and FIG. 14.

[0080] FIG. 14 is a perspective rendering of an modular seismic support unit having two seismic isolator mounts, as shown in FIGS. 10A, 10 B and 10C.

[0081] FIG. 15 is a perspective rendering of a support platform similar to that shown on FIG. 9.

[0082] FIG. 16 is a partially exploded perspective rendering showing upper and lower aisle base stand connectors linking two modular seismic support units, such as the modular seismic support unit shown in FIG. 14, one of which also is fitted with additional aisle base stand connectors.

[0083] FIG. 17 shows a perspective rendering of four linked, but independently movable four-isolator equipment stands made from modular seismic support units and components as shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 12A to FIG. 12F. the support platforms are shown in transparent view.

[0084] FIG. 18 is another perspective view of the four linked, but independently movable four-isolator equipment stands shown in FIG. 17.

[0085] FIG. 19 is yet another perspective view of the four linked, but independently movable four-isolator equipment stands shown in FIG. 17 and FIG. 18.

[0086] FIG. 20 is a perspective view of a portion of a data center comprising IT equipment racks placed to oppose each other, thereby forming an aisle, and supported on a support platform or floor placed upon a four-isolator linked modular seismic isolation support as shown in FIGS. 17-19.

[0087] FIG. 21 shows a perspective view of a portion of a data center comprising IT equipment racks placed to oppose each other, thereby forming an aisle, and supported on a support platform or floor placed upon a four-isolator linked modular seismic isolation support as shown in FIGS. 17-19. In this example, the aisle has an openable roof and door.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0088] Seismic isolation systems were originally used primarily to isolate and protect buildings, bridges, and other large structures from damage and failure due to seismic shock. More recently, seismic isolation techniques have been applied to the protection of delicate equipment such as laboratory equipment and computer components; for example, computer, power, and telecommunications components contained in corporate or university data centers, large scale IT facilities, sophisticated computer modeling facilities, e-mail and internet servers, motion picture studios having digital animation and special effects capabilities, and the like.

[0089] The seismic isolation systems of the present invention are designed to support weight load concentrations of such payloads, in particular, but without limitation, computer and information technology-related equipment in high weight density IT equipment racks, with ease of flexibility and expandability when a data room or data center is reconfigured.

[0090] The use of data centers has grown as a response to the increasing demand for computer processing capability and a recognition of the importance of IT in the place of every business and organization today. Whereas smaller organizations have sufficient processing power with laptops, PCs and occasionally servers, larger organizations require higher capacity centralized processing to serve a wide range of needs and applications. A few years ago this capacity was supplied by large mainframe computers, but more recently the method used has been to provide data centers comprising many networked computer servers known as blades installed in racks. Such racks enable controlled and modular expansion of capacity. The racks may also house telecommunications equipment such as routers to handle data flow between the computer servers and data flow between the data center and the outside world.

[0091] Data centers can mirror the growth and business activities of successful companies. The growth of a data center within in an expanding company may proceed in a manner such as follows: [0092] 1. Initially the data centre may start as single rack of servers in an air-conditioned roomsometimes referred to as a data closet. [0093] 2. As the organization expands the number of IT racks employed increase, the closets become server rooms or IT rooms. [0094] 3. Eventually the number of racks and size of room expands, often to the point where a dedicated building or part of a building houses the IT. Whilst there is no strict definition of when the size of an IT facility becomes large or sophisticated enough to be termed a data center, data centers are typically relatively large IT facilities. Typically, there will be more than 50 servers (often many more) and at least some redundancy in the power supply powering the servers to ensure continuity of service. [0095] 4. As the company grows and/or becomes a multi-national organization additional data centers may be built and sometimes a number of such data centers will be consolidated into super data centers. [0096] 5.

[0097] Data center facilities can require a floor space ranging from a few hundred square feet to a million square feet. The most prevalent size for a small data center is five to ten thousand square feet with fifty to a hundred thousand square feet being the most common floor area requirement for a large data center. Data centers will typically have the ability to deliver applications spread across an organization and/or supply chain and/or customers in differing geographical locations. There will typically be a dedicated mechanical and electrical (M&E) plant to deliver power, cooling and fire suppression with built-in redundancy with the aim of providing near continuous operation.

[0098] The IT industry has long recognized the criticality of central computing facilities and the need for energy efficient operations to control costs. One key problem common to data centers and IT facilities is how to cool a data center effectively and efficiently. As a data center grows over time the following progression may occur. [0099] 1. A building is created, or a room within a building is allocated to housing information technology equipment, which is powered by a dedicated conditioned (clean) power line, and the building's air conditioning system is adjusted to cool that room. [0100] 2. As the data room grows in scale, server/IT equipment racks are laid out in rows; increased computing equipment results in more heat being produced. Consequently, increased ventilation and air conditioning is required. Typically CRAC (Computer Room Air Conditioning) units are added to the end of the rows to provide the cooling. Air produced by these units is entrained through a raised floor and exits through floor grilles at the front of the server rack rows. The equipment installed in the racks may contain integral fans which draw the cooled air from the front across the circuitry, and heat is exhausted via vents in the products to the rear. The separation created by these server racks creates a hot aisle into which air is expelled by the IT products in the racks and a cold aisle from which cooler air is drawn into and through the IT products by their integral fans. In order to compensate for the loss of floor space required by the creation of these hot aisles and cold aisles, the racks may be made to hold more and/or heavier IT equipment, which increases the load density on the floor and any equipment support rack.

[0101] Such arrangements of multitiered racks of IT equipment present particular problems in the seismic protection of such equipment in modern high-density data centers. While conventional raised seismic floors and seismic equipment platforms are often suitable for the placement of computer equipment in smaller or conventional computer rooms, such conventional seismic floors and supports are not strong enough for the increased weight loads of server racks in these modern data centers.

[0102] Additionally, as can be seen from the summary above, it is often necessary to reconfigure the arrangement of IT equipment as result of expanding data needs, equipment cooling requirements, and efforts to maximize efficiency.

[0103] Conventional raised flooring (and seismic support isolation systems based upon such conventional raised flooring) is generally not strong enough to reliability support the high weight density IT equipment racks now increasingly used. Additionally, the reconfiguration of raised isolation flooring, or the addition of new raised flooring segments is problematic, particularly since such flooring commonly requires the maintenance of a moat or gap between the flooring edge and the wall of the room in which it is contained. This moat permits movement of the isolation flooring relative to the foundation during a seismic vibration; no new flooring can be built or permitted to project into this moat area.

[0104] The present invention solves these problems. Seismic isolation supports and seismic flooring are made using solid, rigid metal girders or rigid hollow metal tubing, preferably square steel tubing. The isolation supports may be used without a seismic isolator if desired, but can be modularly reconfigured to easily accommodate the installation of isolators in the future.

[0105] In one basic example, the present invention is drawn to a modular system for supporting a payload. This system involves the use of a plurality of modular support units, also called aisle base stands herein, connected to each other using connectors, also called aisle base stand connectors herein. Typically, the aisle base stand has two vertically extending connectors and at least two horizontal connectors joining the vertically extending connectors. However in certain examples the present invention may have any number of vertically extending connectors from 1 to 6, and similarly, the number of horizontal connectors may be from 1 to about 6, with at least 2 being most preferred.

[0106] In a preferred example, the vertically extending connectors join the horizontal connectors at, or substantially at, a 90 angle; however, those of ordinary skill in the art will recognize that the vertically extending connectors may meet the vertically extending connectors at any of a variety of angles; for example, the angles between vertically extending and horizontal connectors may be between about 45 and about 90. It will also be understood that by vertically extending is meant a first end of the connector extends above a horizontal plane touching an upper surface the second, opposing end of the connector. Similarly, horizontal connectors means that, when in place as part of the equipment support system the horizontal members are arranged within about 20 of the horizontal.

[0107] The vertically extending connectors may be joined to the horizontal connectors in any manner effective to prevent their disconnection during use. Thus, for example, the horizontally extending connectors may be welded to the vertically extending connectors. In a preferred example the horizontally members may have holes through which the vertically extending connectors may be joined thereto by, for example, bolts, rivets, or welds.

[0108] In an important feature of this and similar examples of the invention, the modular support units of the present invention are configured to be firmly and strongly joined to other framework elements (such as other steel tubing connectors) and/or other modular support units. For example, when the modular support unit comprises two vertically extending connectors, the modular support unit is configured to easily be connected to another modular support unit comprising at least one vertically extending unit, wherein each of the vertically extending connectors is a leg upon which the equipment may rest, thereby creating a stable equipment stand comprising three or more legs. The legs can be leveled, i.e. during or after installation, using threaded leveling screws or bolts.

[0109] In preferred examples, the modular support unit is configured to be connected to another modular support unit by virtue of mating components extending a short distance, for example, horizontally forward and/or backward therefrom, and laterally to one side therefrom. In these examples, these mating components are structured to have a slightly larger opening than an end of a aisle base stand connector, for example, as shown in e.g., FIG. 12A-FIG. 12F, so as to permit the end of the aisle base connector to be inserted into and fastened to the mating component. In FIG. 10A-10C the mating components are seen as parts or extensions of the horizontal connector(s), and the forward-facing and backward-facing mating components are arranged at right angles to, and on the same horizontal plane to, the laterally facing mating components. In these latter Figures the mating components comprise open ends of hollow square tubing (in this case, 3 inches3 inches), while FIG. 12A-FIG. 12F show complementary ends of the aisle base stand connectors, having a smaller perimeter (2.720 inches2.720 inches).

[0110] One of ordinary skill in the art is aware that there are myriad different shapes, sizes and materials from which the mating components can be made, and the aisle base connector may be attached thereto. Such a person is also aware that the mating components of the present invention may be configured at 90 angles to each other, as shown in FIG. 10A-10C, or may be configured at any other angles (such as 45, 22.5 and the like) to suit the necessary flexibility for installation of the invention.

[0111] Additionally, the person of ordinary skill in the art recognizes that the mating components may be joined to the modular support unit in any effective manner, thus in addition to the extensions of the hollow square tubing should in the figures, mating connectors may, for example, be joined to the modular support unit as a collar affixed to the vertically extending connectors, or the horizontal connectors and configured to mate with and be connected to aisle base connectors.

[0112] Functionally, the modular support units may be joined together to define a raised equipment support or floor. Advantageously, the raised support or floor of the present invention is substantially more robust, and stronger, than commonly used raised flooring, which is not designed or structured to support highly concentrated payloads such as data center IT equipment racks. Additionally, in preferred examples, the box-like structure and height of the support or floor provides superior access to the under-floor space, for the placement or retrofitting of services such as electricity, fluids, coolant, data transfer lines, and the like, as compared to conventional raised flooring.

[0113] In other examples, the modular support units of the present invention are further structured to hold one or more seismic isolators on or near the top of each such unit. When the isolator is a rolling ball or rolling member type isolator the term isolator is meant to include a top and bottom load-bearing surfaces with one or more rolling member sandwiched between. FIGS. 10A, 10B and 14 show a modular support unit having two sets of isolator mounting brackets on an upper horizontal connector, where the vertically extending connectors join the upper horizontal connector. In FIG. 14 two isolator mounts comprising a mounting platform and mounting brackets are shown, each structured to hold an octagonal rolling ball isolation bearing.

[0114] In such examples, a plurality of such modular support units may be interconnected to form a raised seismic isolation rack or support, or a raised seismic isolation floor. Seismic isolation flooring may advantageously be designed to connect directly with the walls of the facility in which the equipment is housed without the need for a gap permitting a full range of motion to be maintained around the perimeter of the system. Instead, the isolators can be mounted on the top of the network of horizontal and vertically extending connectors sufficiently to permit the creation of one or more seismically isolated islands, suitably spaced to the interior of the perimeter of the flooring system to permit the isolators a full range of motion during a seismic vibration. It will be clear that in such examples of the invention, the network of horizontal and vertically extending connectors is not seismically isolated; only the payload(s) which are supported on the seismically isolated islands are isolated.

[0115] An advantage of such a system is the elimination of the substantial risk of personal injury posed by moated seismic flooring systems in which the entire floor moves during a seismic event. Since most seismic events occur without warning, a person walking or standing beside a traditional moated seismic flooring system when a tremor happens is at risk of severe injury or death if the seismic floor (bearing heavy equipment and having an inertia substantially equal to the mass of the payload) moves relative to the floor or foundation upon which the person is standing.

[0116] It should be noted that in the present invention a space should still be left between seismically isolated islands as well as between the edge of an island and the perimeter of the floor or support of the present invention; this space should be approximately the radius of the isolator or greater.

[0117] Because of the flexibility of the modular design of the present invention, the raised seismic isolation supports and seismic isolation floors may easily and quickly be altered as new equipment is added or altered, or can be reconfigured as necessary to fit changes or additions to the facility space.

[0118] In most examples the top surface of the top bearing half of each isolator is designed to be raised only slightly (e.g., about 4 inches or less, or about 3 inches or less or about 2 inches or less) above the upper surface of the topmost horizontal connectors of the seismic support or floor.

[0119] The present invention is also drawn in other examples to methods of seismically isolating a payload, and to data center configurations comprising one or both of a hot aisle and a cold aisle and equipment supports (such as seismically isolated equipment supports for the IT-related equipment contained therein.

Examples

[0120] FIG. 1 is drawn to an example of a prior art seismically protective equipment stand 101. The equipment stand comprises L-shaped shaped corner supports 109 and a pair of intermediate supports 117 made from steel plate. The top and bottom perimetric frames (105 and 107, respectively) and the framework components 119, 121 providing internal support, are made of thinner steel framing material. The corner supports 103 and intermediate supports 117 are fastened to this framing material and to the floor via padded foot plates 109. The foot plates 109 are, in turn anchored into the floor using anchor bolts 125 (FIG. 1A); in some examples, a spring 113 (FIG. 1B) or elastomeric material 115 (FIG. 1C) may provide dampening against payload damage due to seismic vibrations. The feet can be leveled, i.e. during or after installation, using threaded leveling screws or bolts 123.

[0121] FIG. 2 is a raised top view of one example of a four-isolator equipment stand 301 of the present invention; FIG. 3 a lower elevation of the same example. The equipment stand comprises four rolling ball isolators 303 comprising a lower bearing half 305 joined to the framework components of the equipment stand below, and an upper bearing half 307, both of which are surrounded by an octagonal frame 321. The frame 321 of each upper bearing half 307 is firmly secured to the framework components 323 of platform 319. A rolling ball (not shown) is sandwiched between upper bearing half 307 and lower bearing half 305, permitting free movement of the platform 319 and upper isolator bearing half 307, relative to the lower isolator bearing half 305.

[0122] The framework components of the lower portion of the equipment stand comprise lower front and rear horizontal connectors 313, lower lateral horizontal connectors 311, vertically extending connectors 309, upper lateral horizontal connectors 315 and upper front and rear 317 horizontal connectors.

[0123] FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 shows an example of a plurality of 4-isolator modular support units 501 of the present invention, in which the isolators and upper platform are not shown. These units comprise lower horizontal connectors 503 and upper horizontal connectors 505, each arranged in a rectangle, with vertically extending connectors 507 at each comer thereof.

[0124] Front and back mating components 509 and lateral mating components 511 are also shown; these mating components comprise extensions of the upper horizontal connectors 505, which in this example are comprised of hollow square steel tubing, and are arranged at 90 angles to each other. Also shown in FIG. 5 and FIG. 6 is one aisle base connector 513 connected to a lateral mating component 511, and configured to attached to an adjoining modular support unit.

[0125] Isolator mounts 517 to fit the lower bearing half of a rolling ball isolator are joined to the top surface of the modular support unit where the upper horizontal connectors and the vertically extending connectors meet. Each set of isolator mounts may comprise a mounting platform 515 and mounting brackets 519.

[0126] FIG. 7 shows another example of the present invention, in which the arrangement of 4 isolator top bearing halves 701, connected with a support platform 703 is depicted. The support platform 703 is comprised in this example of inch steel flat plate, having holes (such as tapped screw holes or bolt holes) 705 by which the support platform is joined to the isolators. The steel plate is also fabricated with a square cutout 707 through which service lines, conduit, cables and wire can be run from the equipment payload under the raised stand or floor.

[0127] FIG. 9 is a top view of another support platform, in the shape of a frame 901. This frame, comprising an outer rectangular perimeter 905 and interior cross supports 903, can be made of smaller gauge square steel tubing or similar strong frame material. This frame is designed to fit over four isolators and to fit up to four standard flooring tiles, which can be placed and secured within the frame.

[0128] FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C are side, rear, and top views, respectively, of a two isolator modular seismic support unit 1001, depicting the lower assembly without the isolators or top support platform or frame. Such a support unit is suitable to form part of a raised seismically isolated equipment rack or a raised seismic isolation floor. The assembly comprises a lower horizontal connector 1003, an upper horizontal connector 1005, two vertically extending connectors 1007, four lateral mating components 1009 (two on each of the upper and lower horizontal connectors), and eight front or back mating components 1011 (four on each of the upper and lower horizontal connectors). In this example, all of the connectors and mating components are made using hollow square steel tubing.

[0129] Additionally, FIGS. 10A, 10B and 10C show that the modular seismic support unit 1001 comprises two isolator mounts which comprise a mounting platform 1015 and mounting brackets 1013. It is important to note that in this example the lower assembly depicted is not seismically isolated, and will generally move with the floor or building foundation.

[0130] FIGS. 11A, 11B and 11C show a modular support end unit 1101 structured to connect to another modular seismic support unit, such as the one depicted in FIGS. 10A-10C on e.g., the back side, and have no corrections on the front side. This end unit has no seismic isolator mounts and while having a lower horizontal connector 1103, an upper horizontal connector 1105, two vertically extending connectors 1107, and four lateral mating components 1109 (two on each of the upper and lower horizontal connectors), has only four back mating components 1111 (two on each of the upper and lower horizontal connectors), and no front mating components.

[0131] Terminating a row of assembled modular seismic support units with this end unit would assure that the seismic isolation islands created by the present seismic floor and support systems would have room to freely move at a level above ground level. This would permit a person to stand next to the seismic floor or support assembly without fear of injury by a seismic shock causing the assembly to move in response thereto.

[0132] FIG. 12A-12F show various views of aisle base stand connectors, which are structured to be inserted into upper and lower mating components. These aisle base stand connectors have at least one end, and preferably two, that is structured to slide within the hollow mating component of the modular seismic support units, thereby connecting two such units together.

[0133] FIG. 13-21 are additional views of the components of a modular raised seismic isolation floor similar to that shown in FIG. 9 FIG. 11, as well as of a section of the assembled floor, with a payload and an aisle between two payload sections.

[0134] The foregoing examples are simply for the purpose of illustration of various manufactures incorporating elements disclosed in the present specification. To the extent that a plurality of inventions may be disclosed herein, any such invention shall be understood to have disclosed herein alone, in combination with other features or inventions disclosed herein, or lacking any feature or features not explicitly disclosed as essential for that invention. For example, the inventions described in this specification can be practiced within elements of, or in combination with, other any features, elements, methods or structures described herein. Additionally, features illustrated herein as being present in a particular example are intended, in other examples of the present invention, to be explicitly lacking from the invention, or combinable with features described elsewhere in this patent application, in a manner not otherwise illustrated in this patent application or present in that particular example. The scope of the invention shall be determined solely by the language of the claims.

[0135] Thus, the various descriptions of the invention provided herein illustrate presently preferred examples of the invention; however, it will be understood that the invention is not limited to the examples provided, or to the specific configurations, shapes, and relation of elements unless the claims specifically indicate otherwise. Based upon the present disclosure a person of ordinary skill in the art will immediately conceive of other alternatives to the specific examples given, such that the present disclosure will be understood to provide a full written description of each of such alternatives as if each had been specifically described.

[0136] Claim terms shall be intrinsically defined not only by a specific definition in the specification, but also with reference to the Figures as understood by a person of ordinary skill in the art in light of the present disclosure.

[0137] Every publication and patent document cited herein is each hereby individually incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes to the same extent as if each were so individually denoted.