MECHANISM WITH ROTATING VANES

Abstract

This invention describes a mechanism containing two coaxial rotators, embedded on a driveshaft, (1a, 1b) that spin alternately with two velocities. Each rotator has at least two vanes (2) and during the rotators' spin chambers of variable capacities form between the vanes. When the vanes touch together the velocities of the rotators change (2). Rotation speed changes from V1 to V2 and vice-versa are enabled by gearshifts consisting of two-speed ratchets (3) interlocked with rotators' shafts (1a, 1b) that transmit force from and to steering ratchets (4). At a constant velocity of the steering ratchet (4) after its every 180 rotation the angular velocity of the two-speed ratchet (3) and rotator change. The correct functioning of the whole mechanism is provided by engagement of the steering ratchet, transporting force from and to the two-speed ratchet (3), with the coaxial steering ratchet (4) transporting force from the rotator (1b).

Claims

1. A mechanism with rotated vanes comprising: rotators spin alternately with two velocities, while first rotator (1a) spins with velocity V.sub.1 the second rotator (1b) spins with velocity V.sub.2, after making angular rotation a rotator (1a) changes its velocity and spins with velocity V.sub.2, whereas other rotator (1b) after making angular rotation (+) changes its velocity into V.sub.1 and makes angular rotation , where angle defines a segment of a toroid which designates the shape of the vanes (2) and angle indicates maximal angular size of variable working chamber between the vanes (2), dependence of the velocities is shown by the formula V.sub.2=k V.sub.1, where coefficient k equals k=(+)/, and correlation between angles and equals =2+=360/n, where n indicates number od vanes on one rotator and indicates angular distance between the vanes.

2. A mechanism with rotated vanes comprising: rotators contain at least two vanes (2) placed evenly within angular distance defined by a formula =360/n where n indicates number od vanes on one rotator, every rotator's vane is fragment of a toroid with dents (2a) on both sides of target planes (2b) which causes, that empty space (14) is created between the vanes (2) touching together at the moment of the velocity change of the rotators.

3. A mechanism with rotated vanes comprising: rotation speed changes from V.sub.1 to V.sub.2 and vice-versa are enabled by gearshifts consisting of two-speed ratchets (3) interlocked with rotators' shafts (1a, 1b) that transmit force from and to steering ratchets (4) whereas the shape of two-speed ratchets (2) consists of a ratchet with a radius R.sub.1 increased by every angle (+) up to a radius R.sub.2 within a segment , so number of segments with increased radius is equal to the number of vanes on a rotator and in the spot where two-speed ratchet (3) changes its radius the serration has a shape that enables rotation velocity change without damaging the ratchets, the steering gear (4) has the shape of two interlocked half-ratchets with radiuses R.sub.3 (smaller) and R.sub.4 (bigger), and in the spots of ratchet's radius' change the serration is shaped in a way that matches the serration of a two-speed ratchet (3) the following relationship is observed R.sub.1+R.sub.4=R.sub.2+R.sub.3, and this way the angular velocity of the two-speed ratchet (3) changes after every 180 rotation of the steering gear (4) at a constant velocity.

4. A mechanism with rotated vanes comprising: simultaneous change of the rotation speed of the rotators is achieved by engagement of the steering ratchet, transporting force from and to the two-speed ratchet (3), with the coaxial steering ratchet (4) transporting force from the rotator (1b), whereas the engaged ratchets are rotated 180 and the engagement of the ratchets is accomplished by a driveshaft (7) interlocked with placed on it coaxial ratchets with a radius R.sub.6 (6) that transmit forces from and to coaxial ratchets with a radius R.sub.5 (5) interlocked with steering gears ratchets (4), it is also possible to interlock steering gears (5) with a drive shaft (9) which is presented in a drawing (FIG. 7), or to attach two steering gears (4) with one (5) in the case when the shaft (8a) of the first rotator (1a) is inside the shaft (8b) of the second rotator (1b) and then the whole steering system is located on one side.

5. A mechanism with rotated vanes comprising: housings (10) of hydraulic motors and pumps contain inlets (12) and nozzles (13) placed above every vane (2) exactly in the spots where osculation of the vanes (2) during the velocity change happen, the size of inlets and nozzles is adequate to the vanes' size which cover the vents completely, what is more, inlets become nozzles and nozzles become inlets when liquid flow changes its direction in case of hydraulic motors and also when a drive shaft changes direction of its rotation in case of pumps and compressors.

6. A mechanism with rotated vanes comprising: housings (11) of combustion engines contain inlets (12) and nozzles (13) placed above every vane (2) exactly in the spots where osculation of the vanes (2) during the velocity change happen, the size of inlets and nozzles is adequate to the vanes' size which cover the vents completely, however, for at least one pair of vanes there are no vents but there is a dent (15) in the housing above the empty space (14), described in claim number 2, which contains a spark plug in case of spark ignition engines or an injector in case of engines with spontaneous ignition.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0018] FIG. 1 mechanism with a two-vane rotatoraxonometry

[0019] FIG. 2 half of the mechanism with a three-vane rotatoraxonometry

[0020] FIG. 3 half of the mechanism with a four-vane rotatoraxonometry

[0021] FIG. 4 pump with mechanism with a two-vane rotatorcross section

[0022] FIG. 5 combustion engine with a mechanism with a two-vane rotatorcross section

[0023] FIG. 6 mechanism with a two-vane rotatorlongitudinal section

[0024] FIG. 7 mechanism with a drive shaftlongitudinal section

[0025] FIG. 8 mechanism with angular gear on one sidelongitudinal section

[0026] FIG. 9 steering gear of a mechanism with a two-vane rotator

[0027] FIG. 10 receiving gear of a mechanism with a two-vane rotator

[0028] FIG. 11 sizes and distance of the vanes for V.sub.2=2V.sub.1mechanism with a two-vane rotator

[0029] FIG. 12 sizes and distance of the vanes for V.sub.2=2V.sub.1mechanism with a three-vane rotator

[0030] FIG. 13 sizes and distance of the vanes for V.sub.2=2V.sub.1mechanism with a four-vane rotator

[0031] In these figures the following numeral designations are used: [0032] first rotator (1a), [0033] second rotator (1b); [0034] vane (2), [0035] dents in the vanes (2a), [0036] tangent plane of a vane (2b), [0037] two-speed ratchet of a two-vane rotator (3), [0038] two-speed ratchet of a three-vane rotator (3a), [0039] two-speed ratchet of a four-vane rotator (3b), [0040] steering gear (4), [0041] ratchet r5 (5), [0042] ratchet r6 (6), [0043] drive shaft (7), [0044] rotator's shaft (8a), [0045] rotator's shaft (8b), [0046] steering shaft (9), [0047] housing of hydraulic motors and pumps (10), [0048] housing of combustion engines (11), [0049] inlet (12), [0050] nozzle (13), [0051] empty space between vanes touching together (14), [0052] spark plug pit in the housing of a combustion engine (15).

[0053] There are many options in the construction of the mechanism. For example, the shaft's diameter impacts the acting forces within the mechanism, whereas the shape and size of the toroid, that makes the working chamber, impacts performance of the devices. Number of cycles during one rotation of the shaft is affected by both number of vanes and the diameters of the ratchets (5 and 6). What is even more, a simple shaft allows to put lots of devices on one shaft. All devices based on the mechanism perform all the working phases during the rotation. Pumps and compressors draw the fuel into the chambers that increase their capacities at this moment and simultaneously they push the fuel out of the chambers that decrease their capacities. In case of combustion engines four strokes happen concomitantly: induction stroke in the increasing working chamber with an inlet, compression stroke in the decreasing chamber without inlets, ignition stroke in the increasing chamber without inlets and exhaust stroke in the decreasing chamber with a nozzle. Such engine performance based on one mechanism with two vanes equals a typical inline-four engine performance. Undoubtedly, this considerable flexibility in choosing parameters of the devices gives us the opportunity to select proper propulsion for every machinechainsaws, lawnmowers, motorcycles and other vehicles and vessels.