METHODS FOR ENTEROVIRUS INACTIVATION, ADJUVANT ADSORPTION AND DOSE REDUCED VACCINE COMPOSITIONS OBTAINED THEREOF

Abstract

The present invention is directed to improved methods of Enterovirus inactivation by formaldehyde in presence of tromethamine buffer resulting in maximum recovery of D-antigen. Subsequent adsorption of said sIPV on aluminium hydroxide provides significantly dose reduced sIPV compositions.

Claims

1. A dose reduced Inactivated Polio vaccine (IPV) composition comprising: a) an inactivated polio virus antigen selected from the group consisting of IPV Type 1 at a dose less than 15 D-antigen units (DU), IPV Type 2 at a dose less than 18 D-antigen unit (DU), and IPV Type 3 at a dose less than 17 D-antigen unit (DU), wherein the inactivated polio virus antigen is per 0.5 ml; and b) optionally one or more antigens selected from the group consisting of Diphtheria toxoid (D), Tetanus toxoid (T), Whole cell pertussis (wP), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), Haemophilus influenzae b PRP-Carrier protein conjugate (Hib), Haemophilus influenzae (a, c, d, e, f serotypes and the unencapsulated strains), Neisseria meningitidis A antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis C antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis W-135 antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis Y antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis X antigen(s), Streptococcus Pneumoniae antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis B bleb or purified antigen(s), Staphylococcus aureus antigen(s), Anthrax, BCG, Hepatitis (A, C, D, E, F and G strains) antigen(s), Human papilloma virus, HIV, Salmonella typhi antigen(s), acellular pertussis, modified adenylate cyclase, Malaria Antigen (RTS,S), Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Dengue, Zika, Ebola, Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, rotavirus, Diarrheal antigens, Flavivirus, smallpox, yellow fever, Shingles, and Varicella virus antigens.

2. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IPV Type 1 antigen is the Mahoney strain (Salk Type 1) or Sabin strain; and/or wherein the IPV Type 2 antigen is the MEF-1 strain (Salk Type 2) or Sabin strain; and/or wherein the IPV Type 3 antigen is the Saukett strain (Salk Type 3) or Sabin strain.

3. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the IPV Type 1, 2 and 3 antigens are adsorbed onto aluminium salt of hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) or phosphate (AlPO.sub.4) or a mixture of both having percentage adsorption of at least 70% and total aluminium content (Al.sup.3+) in the composition is in an amount of 0.1 to 1.2 mg per 0.5 ml.

4. The composition as claimed in claim 3, wherein the percentage adsorption is at least 90%.

5. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein 0.5 ml of the composition comprises: the D antigen in an amount of 1 to 50 Lf; the T antigen in an amount of 1 to 30 Lf; the wP antigen in an amount of 1 to 50 IOU or the acellular pertussis antigen; the HBsAg antigen in an amount of 1 to 20 g; the Hib antigen in an amount of 1 to 20 g; the IPV Type 1 antigen in an amount of 1-15 DU, the IPV Type 2 antigen in an amount of 1-18 DU, and the IPV Type 3 antigen in an amount of 1-17 DU.

6. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inactivated polio virus antigen dose is selected from the group consisting of: i) IPV Type 1 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 2.5 DU, IPV Type 2 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 8 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 5 DU, per 0.5 ml; ii) IPV Type 1 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 5 DU, IPV Type 2 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 16 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 10 DU, per 0.5 ml; iii) IPV Type 1 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 5 DU, IPV Type 2 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 8 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Sabin strain) in an amount of 10 DU, per 0.5 ml; iv) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 7.5 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 16 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 10 DU, per 0.5 ml; v) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 8 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 5 DU, per 0.5 ml; vi) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 10 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 DU, and Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 5 DU, per 0.5 ml; vii) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 10 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 10 DU, per 0.5 ml; viii) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 10 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 12 DU, per 0.5 ml; ix) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 10 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 16 DU, per 0.5 ml; x) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 7.5 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 16 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 10 DU, per 0.5 ml; and xi) IPV Type 1 (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 5 DU, IPV Type 2 (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 DU, and IPV Type 3 (Saukett strain) in an amount of 5 DU, per 0.5 ml.

7. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition does not comprise the IPV Type 2 antigen.

8. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the whole cell pertussis antigen in the composition is of Bordetella pertussis strains 134, 509, 25525 and 6229 in a ratio of 1:1:0.25:0.25.

9. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the acellular pertussis antigen comprises one or more antigens selected from modified adenylate cyclase, Pertussis toxoid (PT) 1-50 g, Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) 1-50 g, Pertactin (P69 or PRN) 1-20 g or Fimbrial proteins (FIM 1, 2 and 3) 2-25 g; per 0.5 ml.

10. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Hib antigen is a Hib polyribosylribitol phosphate (PRP) polysaccharide conjugated to a carrier protein using a cyanylation conjugation chemistry reagent or reductive amination conjugation chemistry, wherein the cyanylation reagent is selected from Cyanogen Bromide, 1-cyano-4-dimethylaminopyridinium tetrafluoroborate (CDAP)1-cyano-4-pyrrolidinopyridinium tetrafluorborate (CPPT), 1-cyanoimidazole namely (1-CI), 1-cyanobenzotriazole(1-CBT) or 2-cyanopyridazine-3(2H)one (2-CPO); and the carrier protein is selected from a group comprising of tetanus toxoid, CRM.sub.197, Diphtheria toxoid, Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane complex, fragment C of tetanus toxoid, pertussis toxoid, protein D of H. influenzae, E. coli LT, E. coli ST, and exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outer membrane complex c (OMPC), porins, transferrin binding proteins, pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), pneumococcal PhtD, pneumococcal surface proteins BVH-3 and BVH-11, protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis and detoxified edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) of Bacillus anthracis, ovalbumin, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), synthetic peptides, heat shock proteins, pertussis proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, hormones, growth factors, artificial proteins comprising multiple human CD4+ T cell epitopes from various pathogen-derived antigens such as N 19, iron-uptake proteins, toxin A or B from C. difficile and S. agalactiae proteins with or without linker.

11. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the D, T, wP, HBsAg and Hib antigens are not adsorbed onto an adjuvant.

12. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the D, T and HBsAg antigens are individually adsorbed onto an adjuvant, the adjuvant selected from the group consisting of: aluminium salt (Al.sup.3+) such as aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) or aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4), alum, calcium phosphate, MPLA, 3D-MPL, QS21, a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, liposome, and oil-in-water emulsion.

13. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the adjuvant is aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4).

14. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the D antigen is adsorbed onto the aluminium salt having percentage adsorption of at least 50%.

15. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the T antigen is adsorbed onto the aluminium salt having a percentage adsorption of at least 40%.

16. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein the HBsAg antigen is adsorbed onto the aluminium salt having a percentage adsorption of at least 50%.

17. The composition as claimed in claim 12, wherein a percentage adsorption of the Hib antigen onto the adjuvant is less than 20%.

18. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is a single dose free of preservatives.

19. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition is a multi-dose composition comprising one or more preservatives, wherein the one or more preservatives is selected from the group consisting of 2-phenoxyethanol, Benzethonium chloride (Phemerol), Phenol, Thiomersal, Formaldehyde, methylparaben, propylparaben, benzyl alcohol and combinations thereof.

20. The composition as claimed in claim 19, wherein the one or more preservatives is: i. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); ii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); iii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); and iv. 2-phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg (v/v) per 0.5 ml as preservative.

21. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition comprises a buffer selected from the group consisting of carbonate, phosphate, acetate, succinate, borate, citrate, lactate, gluconate, tartrate, MEM, TRIS, HEPES, piperazine-N,N-bis (PIPES), 2-ethanesulfonic acid (MES) and sodium chloride in a concentration of 0.5% to 1.5%.

22. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the composition further comprises one or more of a pharmaceutically acceptable transporter, excipient, binder, carrier, isotonic agent, emulsifier or humectant.

23. The composition as claimed in claim 22, wherein the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is selected from the group consisting of sugars, polyols, surfactants, polymers, salts, amino acids and pH modifiers.

24. The composition as claimed in claim 23, wherein the amino acids are selected from the group consisting of L-Histidine, Lysine, Isoleucine, Methionine, Glycine, and Aspartic acid in a concentration of 0.5-5 mg per 0.5 ml.

25. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 0.5 ml of the composition comprises: the D antigen in an amount of 22.5 Lf; the T antigen in an amount of 7.5 Lf; the wP antigen in an amount of 15 IOU; the HBsAg in an amount of 12.5 g; the Hib antigen in an amount of 10 g; IPV Type 1 antigen (Mahoney strain) in an amount of 5, 7.5, 8 or 10 DU, IPV Type 2 antigen (MEF-1 strain) in an amount of 2 or 16 DU, and IPV Type 3 antigen (Saukett strain) in an amount of 5, 10, 12 or 16 DU; a total aluminium content (Al.sup.3+) not more than 0.9 mg; 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 3.25 mg; and L-Histidine in an amount of 1.55 mg.

26. The composition as claimed in claim 25, wherein the IPV Type 1 antigen (Mahoney strain) is in an amount of 10 DU, the IPV Type 2 antigen (MEF-1 strain) is in an amount of 2 DU, and the IPV Type 3 antigen (Saukett strain) is in an amount of 10 DU.

27. The composition as claimed in claim 25, wherein the IPV Type 1 antigen (Mahoney strain) is in an amount of 10 DU and the IPV Type 3 antigen (Saukett strain) is in an amount of 10 DU.

28. The composition as claimed in claim 1, wherein the 0.5 ml of the composition comprises: the D antigen in an amount of 22.5 Lf; the T antigen in an amount of 7.5 Lf; the wP antigen in an amount of 15 IOU; the HBsAg in an amount of 12.5 g; the Hib antigen in an amount of 10 g; IPV Type 1 antigen (Sabin strain) in an amount of 2.5 or 5 or 7.5 DU, IPV Type 2 antigen (Sabin strain) in an amount of 8 or 16 DU, and IPV Type 3 antigen (Sabin strain) in an amount of 5 or 10 DU; a total aluminium content (Al.sup.3+) not more than 0.9 mg; 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 3.25 mg; and L-Histidine in an amount of 1.55 mg.

29. The composition as claimed in claim 28, wherein the IPV Type 1 antigen (Sabin strain) is in an amount of 5 DU, the IPV Type 2 antigen (Sabin strain) is in an amount of 16 DU, and the IPV Type 3 antigen (Sabin strain) is in an amount of 10 DU.

30. The composition as claimed in claim 28, wherein the IPV Type 1 antigen (Sabin strain) is in an amount of 5 DU and the IPV Type 3 antigen (Sabin strain) is in an amount of 10 DU.

31. A process of manufacturing a dose reduced Inactivated Polio vaccine (IPV) composition comprising: (i) an inactivated polio virus antigen selected from the group consisting of IPV Type 1 at a dose less than 15 D-antigen units (DU), IPV Type 2 at a dose less than 18 D-antigen unit (DU), and IPV Type 3 at a dose less than 17 D-antigen unit (DU), per 0.5 ml; (ii) a diphtheria toxoid, (D) antigen in an amount of 1 to 50 Lf per 0.5 ml; (iii) a tetanus toxoid, (T) antigen in an amount of 1 to 30 Lf per 0.5 ml; (iv) a whole cell pertussis, (wP) antigen in an amount of 1 to 50 IOU per 0.5 ml or acellular pertussis, (aP) comprising one or more of modified adenylate cyclase, Pertussis toxoid (PT) 1-50 g, Filamentous hemagglutinin (FHA) 1-50 g, Pertactin (P69 or PRN) 1-20 g or Fimbrial proteins (FIM 1, 2 and 3) 2-25 g; per 0.5 ml; (v) a hepatitis B virus surface antigen, (HBsAg) in an amount of 1 to 20 g per 0.5 ml; and (vi) a Haemophilus influenzae type b antigen, (Hib) in an amount of 1 to 20 g per 0.5 ml; the process comprising the steps of: a) adsorbing the IPV (Sabin/Salk strain) bulk individually on aluminium hydroxide, followed by pH adjustment to 6.2-6.6, more preferably 6.5; b) adsorbing the D on aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 5.5-6.5; c) adsorbing the T on aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 5.5-6.5; d) adsorbing the HBsAg on aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 6.0-6.5; e) blending a mixture obtained from steps b), c), and d) by agitation at room temperature for 18-24 hours; f) blending a content of step a) with the mixture obtained in step e), followed by pH adjustment to 6.4-6.6 and agitation at room temperature for 60 minutes; g) adding an inactivated wP antigen/acellular pertussis antigen and a stabilizer (Histidine amino acid buffer solution 100-300 mM) to the mixture in step f), followed by agitation for 60 minutes and left in static condition for overnight at 2-8 C.; h) adding the Hib antigen to the mixture obtained in step g) at 2-8 C., followed by pH adjustment to 6.4-6.6; and i) adjusting the pH to 6.0 to 7.0 with sodium hydroxide/sodium carbonate and adding normal saline (0.9% NaCl) or WFI (q.s.) to make up a volume of the mixture obtained in step h), followed by agitation for 2 hours.

32. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein the process further comprises adding a preservative to the mixture obtained in step h) selected from the group consisting of: i. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); ii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); iii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); and iv. 2-phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg (v/v) per 0.5 ml as preservative.

33. The process as claimed in claim 31, wherein i) the purified diphtheria toxoid and the tetanus toxoid is obtained using Gel Permeation chromatography and stabilized using an amino acid buffer solution (histidine 100-300 mM) have a monomeric content of at least 80%, ii) the Hib PRPcarrier protein conjugate is prepared using a cyanylation conjugation process and subsequently blended at low temperature in presence of an excipient shows greater stability with minimum free PRP release and improved immunogenicity, and iii) the whole cell pertussis antigen is added at a later stage in a blend minimizes hydrolysis based degradation and provides a stable and immunogenic wP antigen.

34. A method for producing a composition comprising Enteroviral poliovirus particles, wherein the method comprises the steps of: a) purifying the Enteroviral poliovirus particles in a medium comprising a phosphate buffer; b) exchanging the phosphate buffer of the purified Enteroviral poliovirus particles of step a) for a non-phosphate buffer selected from the group consisting of TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES or bicarbonate buffer and a combination thereof; c) stabilizing the purified and buffer-exchanged Enteroviral poliovirus particles of step b); d) inactivating the Enteroviral poliovirus particles of step c) by: (i) adding formalin to the purified Enteroviral poliovirus particles and stirring for 7 days; (ii) filtering the product of step (i); (iii) adding formalin to the product of step (ii) and stirring for 6 days; and (iv) filtering the product of step (iii), wherein the non-phosphate buffer is present at a concentration of 30-70 mM, aggregation of the Enteroviral poliovirus particles is prevented or reduced and the D-antigen losses are reduced post inactivation by 8 to 10 fold as compared to inactivation in phosphate buffer.

35. The method as claimed in claim 35, further comprising adsorbing the inactivated Enteroviral poliovirus particles on an aluminium salt adjuvant, whereby the percentage adsorption on the aluminium salt adjuvant is at least 90%.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0019] FIG. 1: Alum phosphate gel prepared in 0.9% NaCl (pH Vs Zeta potential at different concentrations of Alum phosphate gel).

[0020] FIG. 2: Alum phosphate gel prepared in WFI (pH Vs Zeta potential at different concentrations of Alum phosphate gel).

[0021] FIG. 3: Alum Hydroxide gel prepared in 0.9% NaCl (pH Vs Zeta potential at different concentrations of Alum hydroxide gel).

[0022] FIG. 4: Alum Hydroxide gel prepared in WFI (pH Vs Zeta potential at different concentrations of Alum hydroxide gel).

[0023] FIG. 5: Diphtheria Toxoid PurificationChromatogram of Gel Filtration Chromatography Sephacryl S-300 HR, Column XK 26/70. X axis represents volume (ml) and Y axis represents UV at 280 nm (mAU).

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0024] Although the present disclosure may be susceptible to different embodiments, certain embodiments are shown in the following detailed discussion, with the understanding that the present disclosure can be considered an exemplification of the principles of the disclosure and is not intended to limit the scope of disclosure to that which is illustrated and disclosed in this description. Embodiments are provided so as to thoroughly and fully convey the scope of the present disclosure to the person skilled in the art. Numerous details are set forth, relating to specific components, and methods, to provide a complete understanding of embodiments of the present disclosure. It will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that the details provided in the embodiments should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure. In some embodiments, well-known composition, well-known processes, and well-known techniques are not described in detail.

[0025] The terminology used, in the present disclosure, is only for the purpose of explaining a particular embodiment and such terminology shall not be considered to limit the scope of the present disclosure. As used in the present disclosure, the forms a, an, and the may be intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly suggests otherwise.

[0026] The terms first, second, third, etc., should not be construed to limit the scope of the present disclosure as the aforementioned terms may be only used to distinguish one element, component, region, layer or section from another component, region, layer or section. Terms such as first, second, third etc., when used herein do not imply a specific sequence or order unless clearly suggested by the present disclosure. The present disclosure provides an immunogenic composition and a process for preparing the same.

[0027] The term vaccine is optionally substitutable with the term immunogenic composition and vice versa.

[0028] D-antigen units (also referred to as international units or IU): The D antigenic form of the poliovirus induces protective neutralising antibodies. D antigen units referred to herein (for instance in the vaccines of the invention) are the measured total D antigen units of each unabsorbed bulk IPV antigen type prior to formulation of the final vaccine which are added in each human dose of formulated vaccine (typically 0.5 mL final volume). Reliable methods of measuring D-antigen units are well known in the art and are published, for instance, by the European Pharmacopoeia. For instance, D-antigen units may be measured using the ELISA test (D-antigen quantification by ELISA) below. European Pharmacopoeia provides a test sample (European Pharmacopoeia Biological Reference Preparationavailable from Ph. Eur. Secretariat, e.g. Code P 216 0000) for standardisation of such methods between manufacturers (Pharmeuropa Special Issue, Bio 96-2). Thus the D-antigen unit value is well understood in the art.

[0029] The term dose herein is typically one administration of the vaccine of the invention, which is typically one injection. A typical human dose is 0.5 mL. Of course various doses may be administered in a vaccine administration schedule.

[0030] The term IPV or an immunogenic composition comprising these components herein is intended to mean inactivated polio virus type 1 (e.g. Mahoney, as preferably used), type 2 (e.g. MEF-1), or type 3 (e.g. Saukett), or a Sabin Serotype 1, 2, 3 combination of either two or all three of these types. An example of a full (or standard) dose (40-8-32 D antigen units of Salk based IPV types 1, 2 and 3 respectively) IPV immunogenic composition for the purposes of this invention could be Poliovac (Serum Institute of India Pvt. Ltd.). Thus, where it is stated herein that one, two, three fold dose reduction (reduced) as compared to standard dose of Salk based IPV is present in an immunogenic composition of the invention it is meant D-antigen units equating to X % of reduction of dose of 40, 8, and/or 32 D-antigen units of IPV types 1, 2 and/or 3 respectively (as measured in each bulk IPV antigen type) are formulated within each dose of said vaccine.

[0031] The term saccharide throughout this specification may indicate polysaccharide or oligosaccharide and includes both. The capsular saccharide antigen may be a full-length polysaccharide or it may be extended to bacterial sized-saccharides and oligosaccharides (which naturally have a low number of repeat units, or which are polysaccharides reduced in size for manageability, but are still capable of inducing a protective immune response in a host.

[0032] An important aspect of the instant invention is that said improved process of formalin inactivation and adsorption on alum salt comprises of following steps:

[0033] a) Adding Sabin IPV purified bulk to TRIS buffer (30 to 50 mM) having pH between 6.8 to 7.2,

[0034] b) Adding M-199 medium containing glycine (5 gm/1) to mixture of (a),

[0035] c) Adding 0.025% formaldehyde while mixing,

[0036] d) Incubating mixture obtained in Step (c) at 37 C. from 5 to 13 days on magnetic stirrer,

[0037] e) Subjecting post-incubation mixture to intermediate 0.22 filtration on day 7 and final filtration on day 13,

[0038] f) Storing bulk obtained after step (e) at 2-8 C.,

[0039] g) Performing D-Ag ELISA for D-Antigen unit determination,

[0040] h) Taking the desired volume of autoclaved Al(OH).sub.3 to get the final concentration of Alum(Al.sup.+++) between 0.8 to 1.2 mg/dose in a 50 ml Container,

[0041] i) Adding IPV bulk with adjusted D-Ag unit and making up the volume with diluent (10 M-199+0.5 Glycine %),

[0042] j) Adjusting the final formulation pH and obtaining final formulation with pH between 6 and 6.5,

[0043] k) Subjecting the formulation bulk to magnetic stirring overnight at 2-8 C. and

[0044] wherein formalin inactivation of step (a) does not occur in presence of phosphate buffer.

[0045] A first embodiment of instant invention is that said non-phosphate buffer to be used during formaldehyde inactivation can be selected from the group consisting of TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate buffers.

[0046] A preferred aspect of first embodiment is that said formaldehyde inactivation can occur in presence of TRIS Buffer or TBS(TRIS Buffered saline) having concentration selected from 30 mM, 40 mM and 50 mM, preferably 40 mM and at a pH selected from 6.8, 6.9, 7, 7.1 and 7.2, preferably between 6.8 and 7.2 wherein said inactivation does not utilize any phosphate buffer.

[0047] A second embodiment of the instant invention is that adsorption of formalin inactivated sIPV can be done on aluminium hydroxide having concentration selected from 1.5 mg/dose, 1.8 mg/dose, 2.2 mg/dose, preferably between 2 mg/dose to 2.4 mg/dose and at a pH selected from 6.2, 6.3, 6.4 and 6.5, preferably 6.5.

[0048] A third embodiment of instant invention is that said improved process of formalin inactivation and aluminium hydroxide adsorption can result in D-Antigen recovery post-inactivation between 50% and 80% and percent adsorption of aluminium hydroxide can be between 85 and 99%.

[0049] One aspect of third embodiment is that present invention provides an improved process of formalin inactivation and aluminium hydroxide adsorption resulting in dose reduction of at least 8 fold for Sabin Type 1, at least 3 fold for Sabin Type 3 as compared to standard dose of 40 DU-8DU-32DU.

[0050] Second aspect of third embodiment is that instant invention provides improved formaldehyde inactivation and aluminium hydroxide adsorption methods that result in vaccine compositions comprising of i) inactivated poliovirus type 1 at a dose of at least SD-antigen units, ii) inactivated poliovirus type 2 at a dose of at least 8D-antigen units and iii) inactivated poliovirus type 3 at a dose of at least 10D-antigen units.

[0051] A fourth embodiment of instant invention is that said aluminium salt adjuvant is an aluminium hydroxide having concentration between 1.5 mg/0.5 ml dose and 2.5 mg/0.5 ml dose, preferably between 2.100 mg/0.5 ml dose and 2.4 mg/0.5 ml dose at a pH of about 6.5.

[0052] One aspect of fourth embodiment is that total aluminium content in the trivalent vaccine (Type 1, 2 and 3) can be between 800-1000 g, preferably 800 g Al.sup.3+ per 0.5 mL dose, characterized in that at least 400 g Al.sup.3+ for Type 1, at least 200 g Al.sup.3+ for Type 2, at least 200 g Al.sup.3+ for Type 3.

[0053] Another aspect of fourth embodiment is that said dose reduced polio virus vaccine composition can consist of Type 1 and Type 3 and is devoid of Type 2 wherein the dose volume can be between 0.1 and 0.4 ml.

[0054] A fifth embodiment of instant invention is that the dose reduced vaccine compositions prepared by instant methods can be Standalone sIPV wherein the antigens may comprise of sIPV type 1 or sIPV type 2 or sIPV type 3, or sIPV types 1 and 2, or sIPV types 1 and 3, or sIPV types 2 and 3, or sIPV types 1, 2 and 3.

[0055] In first aspect of the fifth embodiment, Inactivated polio virus is selected from the group of Salk and Sabin strain; and the concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 of Salk or Sabin strain based IPV is not more than 20 D antigen units.

[0056] In second aspect of the fifth embodiment, inactivated polio virus is a Salk strain and the concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 of Salk strain based IPV is selected from the group of dose composition comprising of 7.5-16-10, 8-2-5, 10-2-5, 10-2-10, 10-2-12, 10-2-16, 7.5-16-10, 5-2-5 D antigen units; more particularly concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 of Salk strain based IPV is selected from group of 8-2-5 and 10-2-10 D antigen units.

[0057] In third aspect of the fifth embodiment, inactivated polio virus is a Sabin strain and the concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 of Sabin strain based IPV is selected from the group of dose composition comprising of 5-16-10, 2.5-8-5, 5-8-10 D antigen units; more particularly concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 of Sabin strain based IPV is 5-16-10 D antigen units.

[0058] A sixth embodiment of instant invention is that the dose reduced vaccine compositions prepared by instant methods can be Combination Vaccines containing dose reduced IPV wherein said non-IPV antigens of combination vaccines can be selected from but not limited to Diphtheria toxoid (D), Tetanus toxoid (T), Whole cell pertussis (wP), hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), Haemophilus influenzae b PRP-Carrier protein conjugate (Hib), Haemophilus influenzae (a, c, d, e, f serotypes and the unencapsulated strains), Neisseria meningitidis A antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis C antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis W-135 antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis Y antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis X antigen(s), Streptococcus Pneumoniae antigen(s), Neisseria meningitidis B bleb or purified antigen(s), Staphylococcus aureus antigen(s), Anthrax, BCG, Hepatitis (A, C, D, E, F and G strains) antigen(s), Human papilloma virus, HIV Salmonella typhi antigen(s), acellular pertussis, modified adenylate cyclase, Malaria Antigen (RTS,S), Measles, Mumps, Rubella, Dengue, Zika, Ebola, Chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, rotavirus, Diarrheal antigens, Flavivirus, smallpox, yellow fever, Shingles, Varicella virus antigens.

[0059] A preferred aspect of the sixth embodiment, wherein the Combination Vaccines comprising dose reduced IPV may comprise of antigens selected from Diphtheria toxoid (D), Tetanus toxoid (T), Whole cell pertussis (wP), acellular pertussis, hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg), Haemophilus influenzae b PRP-Carrier protein conjugate (Hib) other than dose reduced IPV as disclosed in earlier embodiment.

[0060] A preferred aspect of the sixth embodiment is that the Combination Vaccines comprising dose reduced IPV may comprise of IPV type 1 or IPV type 2 or IPV type 3, or IPV type 1 and 2, or IPV type 1 and 3, or IPV type 2 and 3, or IPV type 1, 2 and 3.

[0061] In preferred aspect of the sixth embodiment, inactivated polio virus is a Salk strain and the concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 of Salk strain based IPV is selected from the group of dose composition comprising of 7.5-16-10, 8-2-5, 10-2-5, 10-2-10, 10-2-12, 10-2-16, 7.5-16-10, 5-2-5 D antigen units; more particularly concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, or Type 3 of Salk strain based IPV is selected from group of 8-2-5 and 10-2-10 D antigen units.

[0062] In preferred aspect of the sixth embodiment, inactivated polio virus is a Sabin strain and the concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 of Sabin strain based IPV is selected from the group of dose composition comprising of 5-16-10, 2.5-8-5, 5-8-10 D antigen units; more particularly concentration of individual Type 1, Type 2, and Type 3 of Sabin strain based IPV is 5-16-10 D antigen units.

[0063] Components of the Combination Vaccine Composition: [0064] Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV)

[0065] Polio (Poliomyelitis) is a highly infectious virus. The poliovirus invades the nervous system and can cause irreversible paralysis in a matter of hours. Three types of poliovirus exist globally i.e. Type 1, Type 2, & Type 3.

[0066] Seventh embodiment of the present invention comprises of improved methods of Polio virus (salk or sabin strains) inactivation by formaldehyde in presence of Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate) resulting in maximum recovery of D-antigen. Subsequent adsorption of said IPV on aluminium hydroxide provides significantly dose reduced IPV compositions. The instant invention provides an improved process of formalin inactivation and aluminium hydroxide adsorption, wherein the D-Antigen recovery post-inactivation is in the range of 50-80% and percent adsorption of aluminium hydroxide is in the range of 70-99%.

[0067] In one of the aspects of the seventh embodiment, CCL81-VERO (Monkey kidney) cell were used as host cells for the growing of polio virus i.e. Sabin and Salk strains. After infection of host cells with desired strain of polio virus and incubation of 72 hours, the medium containing the virus and cell debris was pooled and collected in a single container.

[0068] In second aspect of the seventh embodiment, the harvest may be subjected to series of filtration (6 and 0.45 assembly); and filtrate was collected in a glass container. The filtrate was subjected to tangential flow filtration with 100 kDa cassette; diafiltered using phosphate buffer and purified using anion exchange chromatography.

[0069] In third aspect of the seventh embodiment, the purified virus pool may be further subjected to buffer exchange from Phosphate buffer to Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate) (30 to 70 mM, pH: 7-7.5) with TFF system (100 kDa, 0.1 m.sup.2) followed by addition of M-199 and 0.1-1.0% glycine.

[0070] In fourth aspect of the seventh embodiment purified virus pool in Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate) (30 to 70 mM, pH: 7-7.5) was subjected to inactivation by 0.01-1.0% formalin with continuous stirring of virus bulk and incubated at ambient temperature for 13 days, with intermediate filtration on day 7. Further, the inactivated bulk was subjected to final filtration and later stored at 2-8 C.

[0071] In fifth aspect of the seventh embodiment, final purified bulk may be subjected to adsorption on Al(OH).sub.3, wherein the final alum (Al.sup.3+) concentration is between 0.1-1.5 mg/dose, M-199+0.5% glycine was used to make up the volume and pH was adjusted to 6-7 using 1N HCl/NaOH, further subjected to overnight stirring at 2-8 C.

[0072] The present inventors have surprisingly observed that D-antigen loss, post-formaldehyde inactivation was due to presence of phosphate buffer that unexpectedly causes undesirable aggregation of polio viruses. The instant invention provides an improved process of formaldehyde inactivation in presence of Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate) (30 to 70 mM, pH: 7-7.5) thereby ensuring minimal epitopic modifications and subsequently minimizing D-antigen loss.

[0073] Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) PRPProtein Conjugate:

[0074] Haemophilus influenzae type b is a Gram-negative bacterium that causes meningitis and acute respiratory infections, mainly in children. The outermost structure of H. influenzae type b is composed of polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate (PRP), a polysaccharide that is responsible for virulence and immunity. PRP is a hapten which is considered as poor immunogenic in nature hence PRP is linked covalently with a carrier protein to make highly immunogenic Hib antigen. This process changes the polysaccharide from a T-independent to a T-dependent antigen and greatly improves immunogenicity, particularly in young children.

[0075] Eighth embodiment of the present invention comprises of preparation of Hib PRP-protein conjugate. It may be noted that the carrier proteins used for the conjugation of the Hib antigen may be selected from group comprising of Tetanus toxoid, CRM.sub.197 (Cross Reactive Material 197, a genetically detoxified form of diphtheria toxoid), Diphtheria toxoid, Neisseria meningitidis outer membrane complex, fragment C of tetanus toxoid, pertussis toxoid, protein D of H. influenzae, E. coli LT, E. coli ST, and exotoxin A from Pseudomonas aeruginosa, outer membrane complex c (OMPC), porins, transferrin binding proteins, pneumolysin, pneumococcal surface protein A (PspA), pneumococcal surface adhesin A (PsaA), pneumococcal PhtD, pneumococcal surface proteins BVH-3 and BVH-11, protective antigen (PA) of Bacillus anthracis and detoxified edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) of Bacillus anthracis, ovalbumin, keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH), human serum albumin, bovine serum albumin (BSA) and purified protein derivative of tuberculin (PPD), synthetic peptides, heat shock proteins, pertussis proteins, cytokines, lymphokines, hormones, growth factors, artificial proteins comprising multiple human CD4+ T cell epitopes from various pathogen-derived antigens such as N 19, iron-uptake proteins, toxin A or B from C. difficile and S. agalactiae proteins or any equivalents thereof. Preferably the carrier protein in conjugate is selected from TT or CRM.sub.197.

[0076] In first aspects of the eighth embodiment, Hib antigen may be derived from the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b strain. To produce the PRP polysaccharide, H. Influenzae type-b bacteria was grown in semi synthetic media under certain conditions of temperature, agitation and optical density etc. PRP is an outer membrane bound polysaccharide, gets released into the medium during the fermentation under agitation condition. Fermented biomass separated broth contains crude PRP, which was again purified by precipitation using a detergent N,N, N-trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium bromide, followed by ethanol gradient precipitation and filtration. Final purified PRP polysaccharide was tested for meeting the specifications like endotoxin, nucleic acid and protein as per the WHO, BP, EP, IP etc.

[0077] In second aspect of the eighth embodiment, polysaccharideprotein conjugate may be prepared by coupling of polysaccharide (PRP) with a carrier protein. Hib PRP was conjugated to carrier protein using conjugation process comprising of steps including depolymerization of PRP using alkaline buffer to achieve size reduced PRP; treatment with a cyanylation agent like CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylamino pyridinium tetrafluoroborate) to form a cyanate ester; coupling of activated cyanylated polysaccharide to amino group of carrier protein; purification of final conjugate using ultrafiltration.

[0078] More preferably, the optimal input ratio of reactants i.e. PRP, CDAP and CRM.sub.197 may be selected at 1:1.5:1 ratio for conjugation reaction. During conjugation, purified PRP polysaccharide was depolymerized using an alkaline buffer (0.4M Carb-Bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.50.1) to achieve size reduced PRP. Size reduced PRP was treated for cyanylation using CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylamino pyridinium tetrafluoroborate) chemistry to form a cyanate ester. The activated cyanylated polysaccharide was coupled directly with amino group on the carrier protein CRM.sub.197. The degree of conversion of Hib conjugate was confirmed by the offline testing using HPLC. The conjugation reaction was quenched by achieving the desired level of conversion of conjugate with the specification of not less than 65% conversion of Hib conjugate, and then conjugate reaction was neutralized by Glycine (2M) addition. The Hib PRP-CRM.sub.197 Conjugate was further purified on ultra-filtration membrane filters (300 kDa and 100 kDa) to remove nonreactive reagents and byproducts. Final conjugate bulk is 0.22 m filtered and stored at 2-8 C.

[0079] More preferably, Hib PRP may be conjugated to carrier protein wherein the saccharide: protein ratio (w/w) may be between 0.4 and 1; and the free PRP content in final Hib PRPprotein conjugate bulk may be not more than 5%, more preferably is less than 2%.

[0080] In third aspect of the eighth embodiment, the Hib PRP may be conjugated to tetanus toxoid (TT) by CNBr chemistry, Reductive amination chemistry, Cyanylation chemistry or any other chemistry already discloses in Kniskern et al., Conjugation: design, chemistry, and analysis in Ellis et al., Development and clinical uses of Haemophilus influenzae type B conjugate vaccines. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1994: 37-69

[0081] In forth aspect of the eighth embodiment, the carrier protein may be present in both free and conjugated form in a composition of the present disclosure, the unconjugated form is preferably no more than 20% of the total amount of the carrier protein in the composition as a whole, and more preferably present at less than 5% by weight, more preferably is less than 2%.

[0082] In fifth aspect of the eighth embodiment, the Hib antigen is not substantially adsorbed on to any adjuvant.

[0083] In sixth aspect of the eighth embodiment, the Hib antigen may not be subjected to deliberate or intentional adsorption on any adjuvant.

[0084] In seventh aspect of the eighth embodiment, the percentage of adsorption of Hib antigen on to any adjuvant may be less than 20%.

[0085] In eighth aspect of the eighth embodiment, the Hib antigen used in the combination vaccine of the present disclosure is derived from the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) strain 760705.

[0086] Diphtheria Toxoid

[0087] Diphtheria is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Corynebacterium diphtheria, which primarily infects the throat and upper airways, and produces a toxin affecting other organs. Diphtheria toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Corynebacterium diphtheria, possesses antigenic properties and is toxic in nature. To reduce toxicity, the toxin is converted to the inactive toxoid by subjecting it to inactivation. The inactivation process may be selected from one or more of treatment with Heat, UV, Formalin/Formaldehyde, Acetylethyleneimine, etc. To increase immunogenicity, the toxoid is adsorbed to an adjuvant. The toxoid thus formed is able to induce anti toxin antibodies against C diphtheria. Existence of dimers can lead to adverse reactions.

[0088] In ninth embodiment of the present invention, Diphtheria toxoid was prepared.

[0089] In first aspect of the ninth embodiment, diphtheria toxin (exotoxin) may be obtained from Corynebacterium diphtheria and detoxified using a suitable inactivating agent. The example of suitable inactivating agent includes Formaldehyde.

[0090] In second aspect of the ninth embodiment, diphtheria toxoid obtained may be purified using Gel filtration chromatography with Sephacryl S-300 HR as resin with linear flow rate of 2-5 ml/min and stabilized by addition of an amino acid buffer solution (Histidine, lysine, glycine, arginine) or polysorbate solution at a final concentration of 5-300 mM, and stored at temperature 20 to +40 C. till further use. The purified D thus obtained comprises of homogenous fraction devoid of undesirable aggregates (Refer FIG. 1) with at least 80-90% monomeric diphtheria toxoid further used for formulation of multivalent vaccine(s). Further PLgel, Sephacryl S-200HR, Sephadex, Bio-Gel (cross linked polyacrylamide), agarose gel and/or Styragel may also be used for the purpose of purification using Gel permeation chromatography. The purified diphtheria toxoid is stabilized by addition of Histidine (200 mM) amino acid buffer solution.

[0091] In third aspect of the ninth embodiment, diphtheria toxoid may be adsorbed on to adjuvant selected from the group of aluminium salt (Al.sup.3+) such as aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) or aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4), alum, calcium phosphate, MPLA, 3D-MPL, QS21, a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, liposome, or oil-in-water emulsion or a combination thereof.

[0092] Yet preferably diphtheria toxoid may be adsorbed on to aluminium salt including aluminium hydroxide and aluminium phosphate, preferably on Alum phosphate.

[0093] Yet preferably the Diphtheria toxoid (D) antigen may be adsorbed on to aluminium phosphate having percentage adsorption of at least 50%.

[0094] Tetanus Toxoid (T)

[0095] Tetanus is an acute infectious disease caused by toxigenic strains of the bacterium Clostridium tetani (C. tetani), a gram-positive, spore-forming, strictly anaerobic bacterium. Tetanus toxin is an exotoxin secreted by Clostridium tetani, possesses antigenic properties and is toxic in nature. To reduce toxicity, the toxin is converted to the inactive toxoid by subjecting it to inactivation. The inactivation process may be selected from one or more of treatment with Heat, UV, Formalin/Formaldehyde, Acetylethyleneimine, etc. To increase immunogenicity, the toxoid is adsorbed to an adjuvant. The toxoid thus formed is able to induce anti toxin antibodies against Clostridium tetani. Existence of dimers can lead to adverse reactions.

[0096] In tenth embodiment of the present invention, Tetanus toxoid was prepared.

[0097] In first aspect of the tenth embodiment, Tetanus toxin may be obtained from Clostridium tetani and detoxified using a suitable inactivating agent. The example of suitable inactivating agent includes Formaldehyde.

[0098] In second aspect of the tenth embodiment, Tetanus toxoid obtained may be purified using Gel filtration chromatography with Sephacryl S-300 HR as resin with linear flow rate of 2-5 ml/min and stabilized by addition of an amino acid buffer solution (Histidine, lysine, glycine, arginine) or polysorbate solution at a final concentration of 5-300 mM, and stored at temperature 20 to +40 C. till further use. The purified T thus obtained was a homogenous fraction devoid of undesirable aggregates with at least 80-90% monomeric tetanus toxoid further used for formulation of multivalent vaccine. Further PLgel, Sephacryl S-200HR, Sephadex, Bio-Gel (cross-linked polyacrylamide), agarose gel and Styragel may also be used for the purpose of purification using Gel permeation chromatography. The purified tetanus toxoid is stabilized by addition of Histidine (200 mM) amino acid buffer solution.

[0099] In third aspect of the tenth embodiment, Tetanus toxoid may be adsorbed on to adjuvant selected from the group of aluminium salt (Al.sup.3+) such as aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) or aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4), alum, calcium phosphate, MPLA, 3D-MPL, QS21, a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, liposome, or oil-in-water emulsion or a combination thereof.

[0100] Yet preferably tetanus toxoid may be adsorbed on to aluminium salt including aluminium hydroxide and Aluminium phosphate, preferably on Alum phosphate.

[0101] Yet preferably the tetanus toxoid (T) antigen may be adsorbed on to aluminium phosphate having percentage adsorption of at least 40%.

[0102] Pertussis Antigen

[0103] Pertussis (whooping cough) is caused by Bordetella pertussis, a small Gram-negative coccobacillus that infects the mucosal layers of the human respiratory tract. Two forms of vaccine are in use, the whole-cell pertussis vaccine (wP), and the acellular pertussis vaccine (aP). Whole-cell pertussis vaccines are suspensions of the entire B. pertussis organism that has been inactivated, usually with formalin. Immunization with wP vaccine is relatively inexpensive and highly effective. Also, presence of wP in combination vaccines acts as an adjuvant for many other antigenic component.

[0104] Acellular pertussis (aP) vaccines contain purified components of B. pertussis such as inactivated pertussis toxin either alone or in combination with other B. pertussis components such as filamentous haemagglutinin, fimbrial antigens, pertactin, and modified adenylate cyclase more particularly a non-cytotoxic polypeptide, derived from the adenylate cyclase protein (CyaA-derived polypeptide) of a Bordetella pertussis. Acellular pertussis vaccine offers less adverse reaction as compared to wP vaccine.

[0105] In eleventh embodiment of the present invention, the pertussis vaccine is pertussis antigen selected from one or more of whole cell pertussis or acellular pertussis.

[0106] In first aspect of the eleventh embodiment, pertussis vaccine is an acellular pertussis antigen selected from one or more of filamentous haemagglutinin, fimbrial antigens, pertactin, and modified adenylate cyclase more particularly a non-cytotoxic polypeptide, derived from the adenylate cyclase protein (CyaA-derived polypeptide) of a Bordetella pertussis. Acellular pertussis antigens may be expressed in suitable host using recombinant DNA technology.

[0107] Preferably acellular pertussis antigen may be selected fromBordetella toxin in detoxified form (in particular either genetically or chemically detoxified), in particular Pertussis toxoid; Filamentous Haemagglutinin; Pertactin; or Fimbriae. Particularly Pertussis toxoid: 1 to 50 micrograms (More particularly 8 g);Filamentous Haemagglutinin: 1 to 50 micrograms (More particularly 8 g);Pertactin: 1 to 20 micrograms (More particularly 2.5 g);Optionally, Fimbriae: 2 to 25 micrograms; per 0.5 ml.

[0108] In second aspect of the eleventh embodiment, pertussis vaccine is a whole cell pertussis comprising of Bordetella pertussis strains 134, 509, 25525 and 6229 in a specific ratio and subsequently inactivated by utilizing improved methods of inactivation devoid of thimerosal; hence leading to reduced reactogenicity and increased potency. Preferably, wP antigen is made from Bordetella pertussis strains 134, 509, 25525 and 6229 mixed in a ratio of 1:1:0.25:0.25.

[0109] In third aspect of the eleventh embodiment, wP inactivation process includes heat inactivation at 562 C. for 10 to 15 minutes in presence of formaldehyde; wherein wP bulk remains non-clumpy and easily homogenized thereby leading to reduced reactogenicity and giving better wP potency for a longer duration.

[0110] Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg)

[0111] Hepatitis B is a potentially life-threatening liver infection caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) is a surface protein that also acts as an immunogen in highly effective vaccines for prevention of HBV infection. HBsAg protein can be recombinantly expressed in a suitable host microorganism; or can be isolated from the blood plasma of a chronic Hepatitis B patient/carrier.

[0112] In twelfth embodiment of the present invention, Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was prepared.

[0113] In one of the aspect of twelfth embodiment, HBsAg was expressed in Hansenula polymorpha yeast cells using recombinant DNA technology. Other yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae may also be used as host cell for recombinant expression of HBsAg.

[0114] In one of the aspect of twelfth embodiment, Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) may be adsorbed on to adjuvant selected from the group of aluminium salt (Al.sup.3+) such as aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) or aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4), alum, calcium phosphate, MPLA, 3D-MPL, QS21, a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, liposome, or oil-in-water emulsion or a combination thereof.

[0115] Yet preferably Hepatitis B antigen (HBsAg) may be adsorbed on to Aluminium salt including Aluminium hydroxide and Aluminium phosphate, preferably on Alum phosphate.

[0116] Yet preferably the Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) may be adsorbed on to aluminium phosphate having percentage adsorption of at least 70%.

[0117] In thirteenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the process for preparation of combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is disclosed.

[0118] One of the preferred aspects of thirteenth embodiment, wherein the process for preparation of Combination Vaccine Compositions comprising Dose reduced IPV, HBs, D, T, wP, and Hib PRPProtein conjugate is as given below:

[0119] a) adsorbing IPV (Sabin/Salk strain) bulk individually on Aluminium hydroxide, followed by pH adjustment to 6.2-6.6, more preferably 6.5.

[0120] b) adsorbing D on Aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 5.5-6.5

[0121] c) adsorbing T on Aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 5.5-6.5

[0122] d) adsorbing HBsAg on Aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 6.0-6.5.

[0123] e) blending the mixture as obtained in step (b), (c), (d) by agitation at room temperature for 18-24 hours.

[0124] f) Blending the mixtures as obtained in step (a) and (e), followed by pH adjustment to 6.4-6.6 and agitation at room temperature for 60 minutes.

[0125] g) adding inactivated wP antigen/acellular pertussis antigen and a stabilizer more preferably amino acid buffer solution (Histidine 100-300 mM) to the above mixture in step (f), followed by agitation for 60 minutes and left in static condition for overnight at 2-8 C.

[0126] h) adding Hib antigen to the mixture obtained in step (g) at 2-8 C., followed by pH adjustment to 6.4-6.6.

[0127] i) Adjusting pH to 6.0 to 7.0 with Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Carbonate and adding normal saline (0.9% NaCl) or WFI (q.s.) to make up the volume of the mixture obtained in step h, followed by agitation for 2 hours.

[0128] j) The process may further comprise of adding preservative to the mixture obtained in step (h) selected from: [0129] i. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0130] ii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml(v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0131] iii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml(v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v);

[0132] iv. 2-phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg (v/v) per 0.5 ml as preservative.

[0133] In fourteenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Sabin Serotype 6 Type 1 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 5 DU Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 16 DU Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 10 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0134] In fifteenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Sabin Serotype 6 Type 1 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2.5 DU Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 8 DU Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 5 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0135] In sixteenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 3 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Sabin Serotype 6 Type 1 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 7.5 DU Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 16 DU Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 10 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0136] In seventeenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 4 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 7.5 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 16 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 10 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0137] In eighteenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 5 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 8 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 5 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0138] In nineteenth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 6 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 5 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 5 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0139] In twentieth embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 7 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 10 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 10 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0140] In twenty first embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 8 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 10 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 5 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0141] In twenty first embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00009 TABLE 9 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 10 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 12 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0142] In twenty second embodiment of the present disclosure, the combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV is an all liquid hexavalent vaccine formulation comprising of:

TABLE-US-00010 TABLE 10 Sr. Antigen Preferred Antigen Unit/0.5 ml Dose No. Formulation Components Unit/0.5 ml Dose (In any of the combination) 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 1-50 Lf Preferably one of 10 or 22.5 or 25 Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 1-30 Lf Preferably one of 2 or 7.5 or 10 Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis antigen 1-50 IOU Preferably one of 12 or 15 or 16 (wP) IOU 4 HBs antigen 1-20 g Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate antigen 1-20 g of PRP Preferably one of 8 or 10 or 13 g of PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Salk Serotype Mahoney Type 1 (D antigen 1-20 DU 10 DU units) MEF-1 Type 2 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 2 DU Saukett Type 3 (D antigen units) 1-20 DU 16 DU 7 Total Aluminium Content (Al.sup.3+) 0.1-1.2 mg Preferably NMT 0.3 or NMT 0.55 or NMT 0.9 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 1-6 mg Preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg 9 L-Histidine 0.1-5 mg Preferably one of 0.7 or 1 or 1.55 mg NMTNot more than

[0143] In twenty third embodiment of the present disclosure, one or more antigens of the final combination vaccine composition/formulation comprising Dose reduced IPV may not be substantially adsorbed on to any adjuvant.

[0144] In twenty fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, the pH of the composition/formulation may be in the range of pH 6.0 to pH 8.0; more preferably in the range of pH 6.0 to pH 7.5; still more preferably in the range of pH 6.2 to pH 7.2; and most preferably in the range of pH 6.3 to pH 6.8.

[0145] In twenty fifth embodiment of the present disclosure, WFI or 0.9% saline (NaCl) may be added to the final combination vaccine composition to make up the volume.

[0146] In twenty sixth embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition/formulation may additionally comprise of a buffering agent selected from the group consisting of carbonate, phosphate, acetate, succinate, borate, citrate, lactate, gluconate and tartrate, as well as more complex organic buffering agents including a phosphate buffering agent that contains sodium phosphate and/or potassium phosphate in a ratio selected to achieve the desired pH. In another example, the buffering agent contains Tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, or Tris, formulated to achieve the desired pH. Yet in another example, the buffering agent could be the minimum essential medium with Hanks salts. Other buffers, such as HEPES, piperazine-N,N-bis (PIPES), and 2-ethanesulfonic acid (MES) are also envisaged by the present disclosure. The buffer aids in stabilizing the immunogenic composition of the present disclosure. The amount of the buffer may be in the range of 0.1 mM to 100 mM, preferably selected from 5 mM, 6 mM, 7 mM, 22 mM, 23 mM, 24 mM, 25 mM, 26 mM, 27 mM, 28 mM, 29 mM and 30 mM.

[0147] Yet another aspect of the embodiment, the composition/formulation may additionally comprise of pharmaceutically acceptable excipients selected from the group consisting of surfactants, polymers and salts. Examples of Surfactants may include non-ionic surfactants such as polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, etc. Examples of the polymers may include dextran, carboxymethyl cellulose, hyaluronic acid, cyclodextrin, etc. Examples of the salts may include NaCl, KCl, KH.sub.2PO.sub.4, Na.sub.2HPO.sub.4.2H.sub.2O, CaCl.sub.2, MgCl.sub.2, etc. Preferably, the salt may be NaCl. Typically the amount of the salt may be in the range of 100 mM to 200 mM.

[0148] Amino acids, such as Histidine, glycine, arginine and lysine may be added to stabilize the immunogenic composition.

[0149] In twenty seventh embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition/formulation may additionally comprise of one or more adjuvant selected from the group of aluminium salt (Al3+) such as aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH).sub.3) or aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4), alum, calcium phosphate, MPLA, 3D-MPL, QS21, a CpG-containing oligodeoxynucleotide adjuvant, liposome, or oil-in-water emulsion.

[0150] Yet preferably the composition comprises aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4) as adjuvant.

[0151] Yet preferably the composition comprises aluminium hydroxide (AlOH3) as adjuvant.

[0152] In one of the aspects of the twenty seventh embodiment, antigens of the final formulation may be adsorbed on to in situ aluminium phosphate gel or readymade Aluminium phosphate gel or a combination thereof.

[0153] In one of the preferred aspects of the twenty seventh embodiment, the composition of the present disclosure may contain the adjuvant in an amount of 2.5 mg/0.5 ml or less, and specifically, in an amount of 1.5 mg/0.5 ml to 0.1 mg/0.5 ml.

[0154] In twenty eighth embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition may additionally comprise of an immunostimulatory component selected from the group consisting of an oil and water emulsion, MF-59, a liposome, a lipopolysaccharide, a saponin, lipid A, lipid A derivatives, Monophosphoryl lipid A, 3-deacylated monophosphoryl lipid A, AS01, AS03, an oligonucleotide, an oligonucleotide comprising at least one unmethylated CpG and/or a liposome, Freund's adjuvant, Freund's complete adjuvant, Freund's incomplete adjuvant, polymers, co-polymers such as polyoxyethylene-polyoxypropylene copolymers, including block co-polymers, polymer p 1005, CRL-8300 adjuvant, muramyl dipeptide, TLR-4 agonists, flagellin, flagellins derived from gram negative bacteria, TLR-5 agonists, fragments of flagellins capable of binding to TLR-5 receptors, Alpha-C-galactosylceramide, Chitosan, Interleukin-2, QS-21, ISCOMS, squalene mixtures (SAF-1), Quil A, cholera toxin B subunit, polyphosphazene and derivatives, mycobacterium cell wall preparations, mycolic acid derivatives, non-ionic block copolymer surfactants, OMV, fHbp, saponin combination with sterols and lipids.

[0155] In twenty ninth embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition may additionally comprise of preservative selected from the group consisting of methylparaben, propylparaben, Benzethonium chloride (Phemerol), Phenol, m-cresol, Thiomersal, Formaldehyde, benzalkonium chloride, benzyl alcohol, chlorobutanol, p-chlor-m-cresol, or benzyl alcohol or a combination thereof. A vaccine composition may include preservative for a single immunization, or may include preservative for multiple immunizations (i.e. a multidose kit). The inclusion of a preservative is preferred in multidose arrangements. As an alternative (or in addition) to including a preservative in multidose compositions, the compositions may be contained in a container having an aseptic adaptor for removal of material. Typically the amount of the preservative may be in the range of 0.1 mg to 50 mg.

[0156] Yet according to a preferred aspect of the twenty ninth embodiment, the composition may alternatively comprise of preservative combination selected from: [0157] i. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v); more preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); more preferably one of 0.7 or 0.9 or 1 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) or [0158] ii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml(v/v); more preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); more preferably one of 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.15 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) or [0159] iii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml(v/v); more preferably one of 2 or 2.5 or 3.25 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); more preferably one of 0.7 or 0.9 or 1 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); more preferably one of 0.05 or 0.1 or 0.15 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v).

[0160] In thirtieth embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition may additionally comprise of auxiliary substances such as wetting or emulsifying agents, pH buffering agents, gelling or viscosity enhancing additives, flavoring agents, colors, and the like, depending upon the route of administration and the preparation desired.

[0161] In thirty first embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition may be fully liquid but is not limited thereto. Suitable forms of liquid preparation may include solutions, suspensions, emulsions, syrups, isotonic aqueous solutions, viscous compositions and elixirs that are buffered to a desired pH.

[0162] The composition of the present disclosure may be in the form of transdermal preparations including lotions, gels, sprays, ointments or other suitable techniques. If nasal or respiratory (mucosal) administration is desired (e.g., aerosol inhalation or insufflation), compositions can be in a form and dispensed by a squeeze spray dispenser, pump dispenser or aerosol dispenser. Aerosols are usually under pressure by means of a hydrocarbon. Pump dispensers can preferably dispense a metered dose or a dose having a particular particle size. When in the form of solutions, suspensions and gels, in some embodiments, the immunogenic compositions contain a major amount of water (preferably purified water) in addition to the active ingredient(s).

[0163] In thirty second embodiment of the present disclosure, the said vaccine composition may be stable at 2-8 deg C. for 12 to 36 months; at 25 deg C. for 2 to 6 months; at 37 deg C. for 1 week to 4 weeks.

[0164] In thirty third embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition may be formulated for use in a method for reducing the onset of or preventing a health condition comprising diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, hepatitis B virus, Haemophilus influenzae type b, polio virus infection involving administration of an immunologically effective amount of the immunogenic composition to a human subject via parenteral or subcutaneous or intradermal, intramuscular or intraperitoneal or intravenous administration or injectable administration or sustained release from implants or administration by eye drops or nasal or rectal or buccal or vaginal, peroral or intragastric or mucosal or perlinqual, alveolar or gingival or olfactory or respiratory mucosa administration or any other routes of immunization.

[0165] In thirty fourth embodiment of the present disclosure, the composition could be formulated as single dose vials or multidose vials (2 Dose or 5 Dose or 10 Dosevials) or multidose kit or as pre-filled syringes wherein the said immunogenic composition may be given in a single dose schedule, or preferably a multiple dose schedule in which a primary course of vaccination is followed by 1-3 separate doses given at subsequent time intervals after 1-3 years if needed. The dosage regimen will also, at least in part, be determined on the need of a booster dose required to confer protective immunity.

[0166] Yet preferably the composition may be formulated for administration to a human subject or children 2 years of age or below according to a two dose regimens consisting of a first dose, and second dose at subsequent time intervals after 1-3 years.

[0167] Yet preferably the composition may be administered concomitantly with other drugs or any other vaccine.

[0168] Compositions may be presented in vials, or they may be presented in ready filled syringes. The syringes may be supplied with or without needles. A syringe will include a single dose of the composition, whereas a vial may include a single dose or multiple doses (e.g. 2 doses). In one embodiment the dose is for human. In a further embodiment the dose is for an adult, adolescent, toddler, infant or less than one year old human and may be administered by injection.

[0169] Vaccines of the invention may be packaged in unit dose form or in multiple dose form (e.g. 2 doses). The said multidose composition can be selected from a group consisting of 2 dose, 5 dose and 10 dose. For multiple dose forms, vials are preferred to pre-filled syringes. Effective dosage volumes can be routinely established, but a typical human dose of the composition for injection has a volume of 0.5 mL.

[0170] Biological Source of Strains Used in Combination Vaccine:

[0171] Diphtheria Toxoid:

[0172] The strain Corynebacterium diphtheriae PW8 CN2000 was obtained from the Wellcome Research Laboratory, London, United Kingdom by the National Control Authority Central Research Institute (C.R.I.) Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, India in lyophilized form in the year 1973. The strain was revived and further lyophilized under Master Seed LotC. diphtheriae CN2000 Al at C.R.I. Kasauli.

[0173] Tetanus Toxoid:

[0174] The strain Clostridium tetani Harvard Strain No. 49205 was obtained from The Rijks Institute Voor de Volksgezondheid (Netherlands) by the National Control Authority C.R.I. Kasauli, in Lyophilized form.

[0175] Pertussis:

[0176] Manufacturing of Pertussis vaccine bulk at SIIPL involves usage of four strains of Bordetella pertussis viz. Strains 134, 509, 6229 and 25525. The Master Seed of Strains 134 and 509 are originally from Rijks Institute, The Netherlands, obtained through National Control Authority, Central Research Institute, Kasauli, Himachal Pradesh, India. The Master Seed of Strains 6229 and 25525 are originally from Lister Institute, England.

[0177] Hepatitis B:

[0178] Rhein Biotech (Germany) constructed the recombinant Hansenulapolymorpha strain containing the HBsAg surface antigen gene. Rhein Biotech also made the Master Cell Bank (MCB Hansenulapolymorpha K3/8-1 strain ADW, 12/94) and performed all the characterization tests on this bank.

[0179] Haemophilus Influenzae Type b:

[0180] The source organism for generation of cell substrate is Haemophilus influenzae type b, strain 760705. The strain was originally isolated from a 2 year and 2 months old baby boy (born on 14-8-74) in November 1976. Three passages of the strain took place before storage at 70 C. at the Academic Medical Centre (AMC), University of Amsterdam. This strain was transferred to SIIPL as a part of collaboration between SIIPL and Netherlands Vaccines Institute (NVI, The Netherlands).

[0181] IPV:

[0182] The strain and source of Salk poliovirus is given below.

[0183] Poliovirus Type 1:

[0184] Salk

[0185] Strain: Mahoney

[0186] Source: Bilthoven Biologicals, Netherlands

[0187] Sabin

[0188] Source: PT Bio Farma, Indonesia

[0189] Poliovirus Type 2:

[0190] Salk

[0191] Strain: MEF1

[0192] Source: Bilthoven Biologicals, Netherlands

[0193] Sabin

[0194] Source: PT Bio Farma, Indonesia

[0195] Poliovirus Type 3:

[0196] Salk

[0197] Strain: Saukett

[0198] Source: Bilthoven Biologicals, Netherlands

[0199] Sabin

[0200] Source: PT Bio Farma, Indonesia

[0201] Throughout this specification the word comprise, or variations such as comprises or comprising, will be understood to imply the inclusion of a stated element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps, but not the exclusion of any other element, integer or step, or group of elements, integers or steps.

[0202] The use of the expression at least or at least one suggests the use of one or more elements or ingredients or quantities, as the use may be in the embodiment of the invention to achieve one or more of the desired objects or results. While certain embodiments of the inventions have been described, these embodiments have been presented by way of example only, and are not intended to limit the scope of the inventions. Variations or modifications to the formulation of this invention, within the scope of the invention, may occur to those skilled in the art upon reviewing the disclosure herein. Such variations or modifications are well within the spirit of this invention.

[0203] The numerical values given for various physical parameters, dimensions and quantities are only approximate values and it is envisaged that the values higher than the numerical value assigned to the physical parameters, dimensions and quantities fall within the scope of the invention unless there is a statement in the specification to the contrary.

[0204] While considerable emphasis has been placed herein on the specific features of the preferred embodiment, it will be appreciated that many additional features can be added and that many changes can be made in the preferred embodiment without departing from the principles of the disclosure. These and other changes in the preferred embodiment of the disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure herein, whereby it is to be distinctly understood that the foregoing descriptive matter is to be interpreted merely as illustrative of the disclosure and not as a limitation.

EXAMPLES

[0205] The following examples are included to demonstrate preferred embodiments of the invention. It should be appreciated by those of skill in the art that the compositions and techniques disclosed in the examples which follow represent techniques discovered by the inventor to function well in the practice of the invention, and thus can be considered to constitute preferred modes for its practice. However, those of skill in the art should, in light of the present disclosure, appreciate that many changes can be made in the specific embodiments which are disclosed and still obtain a like or similar result without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.

Example 1Purification of Sabin IPV (sIPV)

[0206] 1. Tangential Flow Filtration (TFF):

[0207] Clarified harvest pool was concentrated to 10 using tangential flow filtration system with 100 Kda cassettes (0.5 m.sup.2) and then diafiltered 3 times of harvest volume with phosphate buffer (30 mM-70 mM, pH: 7.0)

[0208] 2. Column Chromatography: Ion Exchange Chromatography (IEC).

[0209] 10TFF concentrate was passed through DEAE Sepharose fast flow (Weak-Anion exchanger) packed in column xk-26 using Akta explorer (GE Healthcare). Negatively charged impurities was found to bind to the column whereas polio virus was collected in flow through with phosphate buffer (30 mM-70 mM, pH: 7.0)

[0210] 3. Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and Bicarbonate) Exchange:

[0211] To minimize the loss of antigen in a quite cumbersome inactivation procedure (13 days), purified virus pool was buffer exchanged from phosphate buffer to Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate) (30 mM-70 mM, pH: 7) with TFF system (100 KDa, 0.1 m2). The purified virus pool was exchanged with three volumes of Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate).

Example 2Inactivation of sIPV in Presence of Non-Phosphate Buffers (TRIS, TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and Bicarbonate) and Phosphate Buffer

[0212] 10 concentrate diluted 10 times with M-199 (with 0.5% glycine) so as to achieve final concentration 1. Inactivation agent formalin (0.025%) was added into purified virus bulk while constant mixing. Inactivation was carried out at 37 C. while continuous stirring for 13 days containing 0.22 filtration on 7th day and 13th day.

TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 11 M-199 composition Component Concentration (g/L) Calcium Chloride 0.2 Ferric Nitrate9H.sub.2O 0.00072 Magnesium Sulfate (anhydrous) 0.09767 Potassium Chloride 0.4 Sodium Acetate (anhydrous) 0.05 Sodium Chloride 6.8 Sodium Phosphate Monobasic (anhydrous) 0.122 L-Alanine 0.025 L-ArginineHCl 0.07 L-Aspartic Acid 0.03 L-CysteineHClH.sub.2O 0.00011 L-Cystine2HCl 0.026 L-Glutamic Acid 0.0668 L-Glutamine 0.1 Glycine 0.05 L-HistidineHClH.sub.2O 0.02188 Hydroxy-L-Proline 0.01 L-Isoleucine 0.02 L-Leucine 0.06 L-LysineHCl 0.07 L-Methionine 0.015 L-Phenylalanine 0.025 L-Proline 0.04 L-Serine 0.025 L-Threonine 0.03 L-Tryptophan 0.01 L-Tyrosine2Na2H.sub.2O 0.05766 L-Valine 0.025 Ascorbic AcidNa 0.0000566 D-Biotin 0.00001 Calciferol 0.0001 Choline Chloride 0.0005 Folic Acid 0.00001 Menadione (sodium bisulfite) 0.000016 myo-Inositol 0.00005 Niacinamide 0.000025 Nicotinic Acid 0.000025 p-Aminobenzoic Acid 0.00005 D-Pantothenic Acid (hemicalcium) 0.00001 PyridoxalHCl 0.000025 PyridoxineHCl 0.000025 Retinol Acetate 0.00014 Riboflavin 0.00001 DL--Tocopherol PhosphateNa 0.00001 ThiamineHCl 0.00001 Adenine Sulfate 0.01 Adenosine Triphosphate2Na 0.001 Adenosine MonophosphateNa 0.0002385 Cholesterol 0.0002 Deoxyribose 0.0005 Glucose 1 Glutathione (reduced) 0.00005 GuanineHCl 0.0003 Hypoxanthine 0.0003 Phenol RedNa 0.0213 Polyoxyethylenesorbitan Monooleate (TWEEN 80) 0.02 Ribose 0.0005 Thymine 0.0003 Uracil 0.0003 XanthineNa 0.000344 Sodium Bicarbonate 2.2

[0213] A. Effect of Non-Phosphate Buffers (TRIS) on D Antigen Loss Compared to Phosphate Buffer:

TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 12 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of TRIS buffer (30 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 408.1 181.4 34.1

TABLE-US-00013 TABLE 13 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of TRIS (40 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 487.1 185.2 37.9

TABLE-US-00014 TABLE 14 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of TRIS buffer (50 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 451.9 175.9 31.0

[0214] When formaldehyde inactivation methods were particularly carried out in presence of phosphate buffer, significant D-antigen losses were observed, whereas it was found that formaldehyde inactivation in presence of Non-Phosphate Buffer (TRIS) resulted in minimum loss of D-antigen. Further, TRIS Buffer at a concentration of 40 mM was found to be most efficient in terms of D-Antigen content preservation for sIPV 1, 2 and 3.

[0215] B. Effect of Non-Phosphate Buffers Other than TRIS (TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and Bicarbonate) on D Antigen Loss Compared to Phosphate Buffer:

TABLE-US-00015 TABLE 15 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of phosphate buffer (40 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 52.7 22.63 4.21

TABLE-US-00016 TABLE 16 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of TBS (40 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 399.15 170.5 22

TABLE-US-00017 TABLE 17 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of MOPS (40 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 400.21 165 20.1

TABLE-US-00018 TABLE 18 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of HEPES (40 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 385.45 172 19.9

TABLE-US-00019 TABLE 19 D-Antigen Units (DU/ml) before Formalin inactivation and after Formalin inactivation in presence of bicarbonate (40 mM at pH 7.0) IPV 1 IPV 2 IPV 3 Before Formalin inactivation 607.3 193.9 40.7 After Formalin inactivation 395.6 179 21.3

[0216] When formaldehyde inactivation methods were particularly carried out in presence of phosphate buffer, significant D-antigen losses were observed, whereas it was found that formaldehyde inactivation in presence of Non-Phosphate Buffer other than TRIS (TBS, MOPS, HEPES, and bicarbonate) resulted in minimum loss of D-antigen.

[0217] Method: D-Antigen Content Determination by ELISA.

[0218] Day 1: Plate Coating: [0219] 1. 100 l of specific bovine anti polio was pipetted in PBS per well [0220] 2. Microtiter plate was sealed and incubated overnight at room temperature.

[0221] Day 2: Blocking: [0222] 1. The plates were washed (Washing/dilution buffer 0.05% tween 20 in 1PBS)3 times. [0223] 2. 300 l block buffer (1% BSA in PBS) was pipetted per well. [0224] 3. The plate was sealed and incubated for 45 minutes at 371 C.

[0225] Sample Addition: [0226] 1. The plate was washed 3 times. [0227] 2. 100 l of sample diluent was added in all wells except well of row A. [0228] 3. 100 l standard was added to first two wells of column 2 and 3. [0229] 4. 100 l sample was added to first two wells of column 4-12. [0230] 5. Prediluting sample to a suitable concentration. [0231] 6. 100 l sample diluents was added to first two wells of column 1. [0232] 7. Serial two fold dilution were made down the column by transferring 100 ul from each well to adjacent well of the same column and discarding 100 ul from the last well. [0233] 8. Incubating at 37 C. for 2 hr. [0234] 9. Plates were kept overnight at 4 C.

[0235] Day 3: Monoclonal Antibody Addition: [0236] 1. The plate was washed 3 times. [0237] 2. 100 l diluted (1:240) type specific monoclonal antibodies were added. [0238] 3. The plates were sealed and incubated for 2 hours at 37 C.

[0239] Conjugate: [0240] 1. The plate were washed 3 times [0241] 2. 100 l diluted conjugate (Type11:2400,Type21:1500, Type31:4800) was added. [0242] 3. The plate was sealed and incubated for 1 hour at 37 C.

[0243] Substrate Addition: [0244] 1. 100 l TMB substrate was added to all wells. [0245] 2. Mixture incubated at room temperature for 10 minutes. [0246] 3. Reaction was stopped by adding 100 l 2M H2SO4. [0247] 4. Plate was read at 450/630 nm. [0248] 5. D antigen concentration was calculated using KC4 software.

Example 3Adsorption of sIPV

[0249] 1. Autoclaved 1% stock of Al(OH).sub.3 and AlPO.sub.4 was used for the preparation of formulations. [0250] 2. Desired volume of Al(OH).sub.3/AlPO.sub.4 was taken to get the required concentration of alum in a 100 ml glass bottle. [0251] 3. Inactivated polio virus bulk with known D-Ag Unit was added and volume make up was done with diluent. [0252] 4. Final formulation pH was adjusted to 6.5 with 1 N HCl/NaOH [0253] 5. The formulation bulk was kept on magnetic stirrer overnight at 2-8 C.

Example 4Preformulation Studies

[0254] Different concentrations of Al(OH).sub.3 & AlPO.sub.4 were prepared in 0.9% saline and in WFI to check size and zeta potential with respect to change in pH.

[0255] It was observed that zeta potential of AlPO.sub.4 decreases (negativity) with increase in pH from 5 to 7.5 in presence of WFI as well as in saline (Refer FIGS. 1 and 2).

[0256] Whereas, zeta potential of Al(OH).sub.3 in saline remains constant, independent of pH and Al(OH).sub.3 salt concentration (Refer FIGS. 3 and 4).

Example 5Adsorption Studies of sIPV on Alum Phosphate and Alum Hydroxide

[0257]

TABLE-US-00020 TABLE 20 Sabin Type 1, 2 & 3 (Titer 10.sup.6.0/dose) adsorption on alum (Alum phosphate and Alum Hydroxide) Virus Titer Particles % free % adsorbed Sample (per does) (in K) in SUP on gel Type 1, Control 5.45 284 NA AlOH.sub.3 Al+++ 4.15 14 4.98 95.02 125 ug/dose Al+++ 3.85 7 2.49 97.51 250 ug/dose Al+++ 3.8 6.3 2.24 97.78 500 ug/dose Type 1, Control 5.84 691 NA AlPO.sub.4 Al+++ 3.49 3 0.43 99.57 125 ug/dose Al+++ 3.09 1.2 0.17 99.83 250 ug/dose Al+++ 2.94 0.87 0.12 99.87 500 ug/dose Type 2, Control 5.49 309 NA AlOH.sub.3 Al+++ 3.59 3.89 1.25 98.75 125 ug/dose Al+++ 3.49 3.09 1 99 250 ug/dose Al+++ 3.49 3.09 1 99 500 ug/dose Type 2, Control 5.49 309 NA AlPO.sub.4 Al+++ 3.15 1.41 0.45 99.5 125 ug/dose Al+++ 3.09 1.23 0.39 99.6 250 ug/dose Al+++ 3.09 1.23 0.39 99.6 500 ug/dose Type 3, Control 5.59 389 NA AlOH.sub.3 Al+++ 4.14 13.8 3.54 96.47 125 ug/dose Al+++ 3.94 8.7 2.23 97.77 250 ug/dose Al+++ 3.54 3.4 0.87 99.13 500 ug/dose Type 3, Control 5.59 389 NA AlPO.sub.4 Al+++ 5.34 218 56.04 43.96 125 ug/dose Al+++ 5.24 173 44.47 55.53 250 ug/dose Al+++ 5.16 144 37.01 62.9 500 ug/dose

[0258] It was found that Sabin polio virus type-3 shows only 50-60% adsorption with aluminium phosphate (AlPO.sub.4). Whereas, Sabin polio virus type-3 shows at least 90% adsorption with Al(OH).sub.3. Thus, Alum hydroxide was found to be more efficient as compared to Alum phosphate with respect to adsorption of Sabin Type 1, 2 and 3.

Example 6Immunogenicity Studies of Alum Adsorbed sIPV

[0259] To check immune response of adjuvanted sIPV in rat (Sera Neutralization Test) SNT test was carried out. Sera was separated and used to test the presence of neutralizing antibodies for type specific polio virus. Control sera used to validate the test. Virus back-titration was also performed to get the number of challenge virus particles added.

[0260] Animal Model: Wistar rat (8 weeks, approx 200 gm) 50% male and 50% female per group.

[0261] Route of Inoculation: Intra Muscular.

[0262] Volume: 0.5 ml

[0263] Blood withdrawal: on day 21.

[0264] Site of bleeding: Retro-Orbital plexus.

TABLE-US-00021 TABLE 21 Immunogenicity results of Alum Adsorbed sIPV Type 1 Group 2 Group 3 Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Group 7 Group 1 5 DU 2.5 DU 1 DU 5 DU 2.5 DU 1 DU Group 15 Comm. IPV 1.15 mgOH 1.15 mgOH 1.15 mgOH 1.8 mgPO4 1.8 mgPO4 1.8 mgPO4 ve control Rat SNT Sera SNT Sera SNT Sera SNT Sera SNT Sera SNT Sera SNT Sera SNT Sera No. +ve Titer +ve Titer +ve Titer +ve Titer +ve Titer +ve Titer +ve Titer +ve Titer 1 1 (1:2) 8 (1:256) 1 (1:2) 4 (1:16) 5 (1:32) 5 (1:32) 2 (1:4) 0 (<1:2) 2 1 (1:2) 5 (1:32) 1 (1:2) 7 (1:128) 8 (1:256) 4 (1:16) 1 (1:2) 0 (<1:2) 3 0 (<1:2) 7 (1:128) 3 (1:8) 0 (<1.2) 4 (1:16) 6 (1:64) 0 (<1:2) 0 (<1:2) 4 0 (<1:2) 11 (1:2048) 2 (1:4) 2 (1:4) 1 (1:2) 5 (1:32) 0 (<1:2) 0 (<1:2) 5 7 (1:128) 3 (1:8) 7 (1:128) 5 (1:32) 6 (1:64) 4 (1:16) 1 (1:2) 0 (<1:2) 6 4 (1:16) 7 (1:128) 7 (1:128) 1 (1:2) 5 (1:32) 6 (1:64) 3 (1:8) 0 (<1:2) 7 3 (1:8) 5 (1:32) 4 (1:16) 1 (1:2) 8 (1:256) 7 (1:128) 0 (<1:2) 0 (<1:2) 8 1 (1:2) 7 (1:128) 3 (1:8) 2 (1:4) 6 (1:64) 0 (<1:2) 0 (<1:2) 0 (<1:2) 9 3 (1:8) 8 (1:356) 2 (1:4) 3 (1:8) 8 (1:256) 4 (1:16) 4 (1:16) 0 (<1:2) 10 3 (1:8) 7 (1:128) 4 (1:16) 5 (1:32) 6 (1:64) 2 (1:4) 2 (1:4) 0 (<1:2)

[0265] Interpretation: It was surprisingly found that Alum hydroxide adjuvanted Type 1 Sabin IPV having 5 DU/dose gave better seroconversion as compared to Salk IPV vaccine with 40 DU/dose and Alum phosphate adjuvanted Sabin IPV having 5 DU/dose.

TABLE-US-00022 TABLE 22 Immunogenicity results of Alum Adsorbed sIPV Type 2 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Rat 4 DU(0.6 mgOH) 8 DU(0.6 mgOH) 16 DU 0.6 mgOH No SNT +ve Sera Titer SNT +ve Sera Titer SNT +ve Sera Titer 1 3 (1:8) 4 (1:16) 7 (1:128) 2 4 (1:16) 6 (1:64) 5 (1:32) 3 0 (<1:2) 3 (1:8) 5 (1:32) 4 3 (1:8) 4 (1:16) 6 (1:64) 5 5 (1:32) 7 (1:128) 6 (1:64) 6 6 (1:64) 4 (1:16) 9 (1:512) 7 4 (1:16) 7 (1:128) 4 (1:16) 8 5 (1:32) 3 (1:8) 8 (1:256) 9 7 (1:128) 8 (1:256) 8 (1:256) 10 5 (1:32) 3 (1:8) 8 (1:256) Interpretation: Type 2 sIPV having 8 DU/dose with adjuvant gave equivalent sero-conversion as compared to Salk IPV vaccine with 8 DU/dose.

TABLE-US-00023 TABLE 23 Immunogenicity results of Alum Adsorbed sIPV Type 3 Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Rat 10 DU 0.6mgOH 5 DU 0.6 mgOH 2.5 DU 0.6 mgOH No SNT +ve Sera Titer SNT +ve Sera Titer SNT +ve Sera Titer 1 3 (1:8) 2 (1:4) 0 (<1:2) 2 0 (<1:2) 5 (1:32) 1 (1:2) 3 2 (1:4) 3 (1:8) 1 (1:2) 4 4 (1:16) 2 (1:4) 0 (<1:2) 5 4 (1:16) 2 (1:4) 1 (1:2) 6 4 (1:16) 1 (1:2) 1 (1:2) 7 9 (1:512) 0 (<1:2) 2 (1:4) 8 7 (1:128) 2 (1:4) 2 (1:4) 9 1 (1:2) 0 (<1:2) 1 (1:2) 10 5 (1:32) 7 (1:128 1 (1:2) Interpretation: It was found that Type 3 sIPV having 10 DU/dose with adjuvant gave equivalent sero conversion as compared to Salk IPV vaccine with 32 DU/dose.

TABLE-US-00024 TABLE 24 Maximum dose reduction observed for individual Sabin Type 1, 2 & 3 after studies sIPV Standard dose *SIIL Dose Dose reduction Type 1 40 DU 5 DU ~8 Folds Type 2 8 DU 8 DU Equivalent Type 3 32 DU 10 DU ~3 Folds *SIIL: Serum Institute of India In House dose reduced IPV preparation.

TABLE-US-00025 TABLE 25 Immune response study of the adjuvanted SABIN poliovirus Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 D-Antigen units 5 16 10 of Sabin's strain 2.5 8 5 7.5 16 10

[0266] Interpretation:

[0267] We observed that if the viruses are adjuvanted with Al(OH).sub.3 shows excellent dose sparing.

[0268] If we consider single dose regimen for immunization then 5-16-10 D-Ag are best combination for Sabin's polio type 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

[0269] If we consider two doses for immunization then 2.5-8-5 gives excellent immunity.

TABLE-US-00026 TABLE 26 Immune response study of the adjuvanted SALK poliovirus Type 1 Type 2 Type 3 D-antigen units 8 2 5 for Salk Strain 5 2 5 10 2 10 7.5 16 10 10 2 5 10 2 12 10 2 16

[0270] Interpretation:

[0271] We observed that if the viruses are adjuvanted with Al(OH).sub.3 shows excellent dose sparing.

[0272] If we consider single dose regimen for immunization then 8-2-5 D-Ag are best combination for Salk's polio type 1, 2 and 3 respectively.

[0273] If we consider two doses for immunization then 5-2-5 gives excellent immunity.

Example 7: Purification of Diphtheria Toxoid (D) and Tetanus Toxoid (T)

[0274] Tetanus Toxoid and Diphtheria toxoid was purified using Gel filtration chromatography and stabilized by addition of an amino acid buffer solution (Histidine, lysine, glycine, arginine) or polysorbate solution at a final concentration of 5-300 mM, and stored at temperature 20 to +40 C. till further use.

TABLE-US-00027 TABLE 27 Gel filtration chromatography Process Parameters Sr. No. Parameter Details 1 Method of Purification Gel Filtration Chromatography (GFC) 2 Resin Sephacryl S-300 HR 3 Column Used XK 26/70 cm 4 Column Packed bed height ~50 cm 5 Linear Flow rate 1-3 ml/min 6 Sample (T) loading 4% of total bed volume 7 Fraction Collection 5 ml each (2 min) 8 Analysis Lowry's assay, LF estimation, % Monomer 8 Buffer 0.85% NaCl pH 6-7 Refer FIG. 5: Diphtheria Toxoid Purification - Chromatogram of Gel Filtration Chromatography

TABLE-US-00028 TABLE 28 % Recovery & Monomer content of purified Diphtheria toxoid Protein Conc. % % No. Sample (mg/mL) Monomer Recovery 1 Native DT 67.19 2 Native CRM 86.96 3 GFC DT FR 8 2.03 83.21 Injected DT Qty 4 GFC DT FR 9 3.38 87.15 120 mg 5 GFC DT FR 10 4.08 87.24 Obtained Qty 6 GFC DT FR 11 3.52 86.60 75.1 mg (62.5%) 7 GFC DT FR 12 2.01 89.97 8 GFC DT FR 10-11 3.83 86.03 31.6% 9 GFC DT FR 9-12 2.96 87.42 48.9% 10 GFC DT FR 7-13 2.19 86.24 63.3%

[0275] Results:

[0276] The percent monomer content was found to be in the range of 80-90%.

Example 8: Preparation of Hib PRP Protein Conjugate

[0277] a) PRP Polysaccharide was Produced as Follows:

[0278] H. Influenzae type-b bacteria was grown in semi synthetic media under certain conditions of temperature, agitation and optical density etc. PRP is an outer membrane bound polysaccharide, gets released into the medium during the fermentation under agitation condition. Fermented biomass separated broth contains crude PRP, which is again purified by precipitation using a detergent N,N, N-trimethyl-1-hexadecanaminium bromide, followed by ethanol gradient precipitation and filtration. Final purified PRP polysaccharide was tested for meeting the specifications like endotoxin, nucleic acid and protein as per the WHO, BP, EP, IP etc.

[0279] b) Hib PRP-CRM.sub.197 Carrier Protein Conjugate was Prepared as Follows:

[0280] The polysaccharide conjugate was prepared by coupling of PRP polysaccharide with a CRM.sub.197 carrier protein. The input ratio of reactants i.e. PRP polysaccharide, CDAP and CRM.sub.197 was selected at 1:1.5:1 ratio for conjugation reaction. During conjugation, purified PRP polysaccharide was depolymerized using an alkaline buffer (0.4M Carb-Bicarbonate buffer, pH 10.50.1) to achieve size reduced PRP. Size reduced PRP is treated for cyanylation using CDAP (1-cyano-4-dimethylamino pyridinium tetrafluoroborate) chemistry to form a cyanate ester. The activated cyanylated polysaccharide may thus be coupled directly with amino group on the carrier protein CRM.sub.197. The degree of conversion of Hib conjugate was confirmed by the HPLC. The conjugation reaction was quenched by achieving the desired level of conversion of conjugate with the specification of not less than 65% conversion of Hib conjugate, and then conjugate reaction was neutralized by Glycine (2M) addition. The Hib PRP-CRM.sub.197 Conjugate is purified on ultra-filtration membrane filters (300 kDa and 100 kDa) to remove nonreactive reagents and by-products. Final conjugate bulk was 0.22 m filtered and stored at 2-8 C.

[0281] Quality Characteristics of Hib PRP-CRM.sub.197 Conjugate Antigen Obtained were as Follow:

TABLE-US-00029 PRP content (mg/mL): 1.49 Protein content (mg/mL): 2.98 Ratio (Ps:Protein): 0.52 Free PRP (%): 1.77 PMW (kD): 983 Avg MW (kD): 752

[0282] c) Hib PRP-TT Carrier Protein Conjugate was Prepared as Follows:

[0283] The concentrated polysaccharide is depolymerized under mild alkaline conditions using carbonate-bicarbonate buffer. After target polysaccharide size is reached, the depolymerized polysaccharide is activated using Cyanogen Bromide. This activation is done under nitrogen environment. Freshly prepared adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH) solution is added within 6-10 minutes to the reaction mixture obtained. The reaction is carried out for NLT 16 hours at 2-10 C. The reaction mixture obtained is concentrated and diafiltered volume by volume with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) using 10 kD NMWCO UF membrane to remove free ADH. The removal of ADH is monitored on HPLC and diafiltration is continued till free ADH level reaches below 5%. The resulting retentate is further diafiltered with NLT 5MES-NaCl buffer. This is further concentrated to achieve a concentration of NLT 20 mg/mL. The retentate is passed through a 0.22 m filter, which serves as a clarification step. The filtered activated polysaccharide is collected, sampled, aliquoted and stored at 2-8 C. till further processing. A sample is drawn from the processed polysaccharide pool for analysis, which includes PRP molecular size (kD), PRP content, and PRP degree of activation. The conjugation reaction requires two components viz. processed polysaccharide and the carrier protein (TT). The carrier protein is concentrated and diafiltered with MES-NaCl buffer using 10 kD UF NMWCO membrane. This diafiltered carrier-protein is then further concentrated to NLT 20 mg/mL using the same membrane. The two components are mixed in appropriate quantities in the ratio of PRP:TT=1:1 (w/w) in presence of EDC under stirring. The conjugation reaction is quenched using phosphate EDTA buffer. The conjugation reaction is monitored on HPLC and is continued till >85% conversion of protein (based on the free protein conversion to conjugate) is reached.

[0284] Quality Characteristics of Hib PRP-TT Conjugate Antigen Obtained were as Follow:

TABLE-US-00030 PRP content (g/0.5 ml): 8.1 Ratio (PRP:TT): 0.5 Free PRP (%): 4.8% PMW (kD): 983 Avg MW (kD): 752

Example 9: Process of Manufacturing Inactivated wP Antigen

[0285] Inactivation Method of Whole Cell Pertussis (wP) Antigen:

[0286] Inactivation method optimization is done after performing various experiments which include inactivation at 56 C. for 10 min in presence of formaldehyde, 56 C. for 15 min in presence of formaldehyde, 56 C. for 10 min in presence of hymine, 56 C. for 15 min in presence of hymine and only heating at 56 C. for 30 min. No significant difference in potency is observed with these methods. Out of these methods, 56 C. for 10 min in presence of formaldehyde is selected because pertussis cell mass produced using this method is more homogeneous as compared to other methods mentioned above.

[0287] Process of Manufacturing Inactivated wP Antigen Comprises the Following Steps:

[0288] a). inactivation at 56 C. for 10-15 minutes in presence of formaldehyde of Bordetella pertussis strains 134

[0289] b). inactivation at 56 C. for 10-15 minutes in presence of formaldehyde of Bordetella pertussis strains 509

[0290] c). inactivation at 56 C. for 10-15 minutes in presence of formaldehyde of Bordetella pertussis strains 25525 and 6229

[0291] c). inactivation at 56 C. for 10-15 minutes in presence of formaldehyde of Bordetella pertussis strains 6229

[0292] d). subsequently mixing inactivated Bordetella pertussis strains 134, 509, 25525 and 6229 in a ratio of 1:1:0.25:0.25.

[0293] e). optionally adsorbed onto aluminium based adjuvant.

[0294] The process is devoid of thiomersal and inactivated whole cell pertussis antigen remains non-clumpy and homogeneous thereby leading to reduced reactogenicity and giving better potency for a longer duration.

Example 10: Hexavalent Combination Vaccine Compositions Comprising Dose Reduced IPV, D, T, HepB, wP, and Hib Antigen are as Given Below

[0295]

TABLE-US-00031 TABLE 29 Combination Vaccine comprising IPV (Salk Strain type 1(Mahoney) or type 2(MEF) or type 3(Saukett)) Combination composition in accordance with the present S. disclosure [per 0.5 ml Dose] No. Formulation Components 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 Diphtheria Toxoid (D) 22.5 Lf 22.5 Lf 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 22.5 Lf Lf Lf Lf Lf 2 Tetanus toxoid (T) 7.5 Lf 7.5 Lf 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5 Lf Lf Lf Lf Lf 3 Inactivated B. pertussis 15 IOU 15 IOU 15 15 15 15 15 antigen (wP) IOU IOU IOU IOU IOU 4 HBs antigen 12.5 g 12.5 g 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 12.5 g g g g g 5 Hib PRP-TT conjugate 10 g of 10 g of 10 10 10 10 10 antigen PRP PRP g g g g g of of of of of PRP PRP PRP PRP PRP 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Type 1 (D antigen units) 7.5 8 5 10 10 10 10 Type 2 (D antigen units) 16 2 2 2 2 2 2 Type 3 (D antigen units) 10 5 5 10 5 12 16 7 Total Aluminium Content Not Not Not Not Not Not Not (Al.sup.3+) more more more more more more more than than than than than than than 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 mg mg mg mg mg mg mg 8 L-Histidine 1.55 mg 1.55 mg 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 1.55 mg mg mg mg mg 8 2-Phenoxyethanol 3.25 mg 3.25 mg 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 3.25 mg mg mg mg mg

[0296] Additionally adjusting the pH of the composition as disclosed above to about 6.0 to 7.0 with Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Carbonate and make up the volume by adding normal saline (0.9%).

[0297] The composition may be devoid of IPV Type 2

[0298] May additionally comprise of one of the preservative combination [0299] iv. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0300] v. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0301] vi. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v).

[0302] The Hexavalent Combination Vaccine Compositions comprising Dose reduced IPV, D, T, HepB, acellular pertussis, and Hib antigen may comprise of acellular pertussis antigen selected fromBordetella toxin in detoxified form (in particular either genetically or chemically detoxified), in particular Pertussis toxoid; Filamentous Haemagglutinin; Pertactin; or Fimbriae. Particularly Pertussis toxoid: 1 to 50 micrograms (More particularly 8 g);Filamentous Haemagglutinin: 1 to 50 micrograms (More particularly 8 g);Pertactin: 1 to 20 micrograms (More particularly 2.5 g);Optionally, Fimbriae: 2 to 25 micrograms; per 0.5 ml.

TABLE-US-00032 TABLE 30 Combination Vaccine comprising IPV (Sabin Strain type 1 or type 2 or type 3) Combination composition in accordance with S. Formulation the present disclosure [per 0.5 ml Dose] No. Components 1 2 3 1 Diphtheria 22.5 Lf 22.5 Lf 22.5 Lf Toxoid (D) 2 Tetanus 7.5 Lf 7.5 Lf 7.5 Lf toxoid (T) 3 Inactivated 15 IOU 15 IOU 15 IOU B. pertussis antigen (wP) 4 HBs antigen 12.5 g 12.5 g 12.5 g 5 Hib PRP-TT 10 g of PRP 10 g of PRP 10 g of PRP conjugate antigen 6 Inactivated Polio Virus (IPV) Type 1(D 5 2.5 7.5 antigen units) Type 2 (D 16 8 16 antigen units) Type 3(D 10 5 10 antigen units) 7 Total Not more Not more Not more Aluminium than 0.9 mg than 0.9 mg than 0.9 mg Content (Al.sup.3+) 8 L-Histidine 1.55 mg 1.55 mg 1.55 mg 8 2-Phenoxy- 3.25 mg 3.25 mg 3.25 mg ethanol

[0303] Additionally adjusting the pH of the composition as disclosed above to about 6.0 to 7.0 with Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Carbonate and make up the volume by adding normal saline (0.9%).

[0304] The composition may be devoid of IPV Type 2

[0305] May additionally comprise of one of the preservative combination [0306] i. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0307] ii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0308] iii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v).

[0309] The Hexavalent Combination Vaccine Compositions comprising Dose reduced IPV, D, T, HepB, acellular pertussis, and Hib antigen may comprise of acellular pertussis antigen selected fromBordetella toxin in detoxified form (in particular either genetically or chemically detoxified), in particular Pertussis toxoid; Filamentous Haemagglutinin; Pertactin; or Fimbriae. Particularly Pertussis toxoid: 1 to 50 micrograms (More particularly 8 g);Filamentous Haemagglutinin: 1 to 50 micrograms (More particularly 8 g);Pertactin: 1 to 20 micrograms (More particularly 2.5 g);Optionally, Fimbriae: 2 to 25 micrograms; per 0.5 ml.

Example 11: Process for Preparation of Hexavalent Combination Vaccine Compositions Comprising Dose Reduced IPV, HBs, D, T, wP, and Hib PRPProtein Conjugate is as Given Below

[0310] a) adsorbing IPV (Sabin/Salk strain) bulk individually on Aluminium hydroxide, followed by pH adjustment to 6.2-6.6, more preferably 6.5.

[0311] b) adsorbing D on Aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 5.5-6.5

[0312] c) adsorbing T on Aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 5.5-6.5

[0313] d) adsorbing HBsAg on Aluminium phosphate, followed by pH adjustment to 6.0-6.5.

[0314] e) blending the mixture as obtained in step (b), (c), (d) by agitation at room temperature for 18-24 hours.

[0315] f) Blending the mixtures as obtained in step (a) and (e), followed by pH adjustment to 6.4-6.6 and agitation at room temperature for 60 minutes.

[0316] g) adding inactivated wP antigen/acellular pertussis antigen and a stabilizer (Histidine amino acid buffer solution 200 mM) to the above mixture in step (f), followed by agitation for 60 minutes and left in static condition for overnight at 2-8 C.

[0317] h) adding Hib antigen to the mixture obtained in step (g) at 2-8 C., followed by pH adjustment to 6.4-6.6.

[0318] i) Adjusting pH to 6.0 to 7.0 with Sodium Hydroxide/Sodium Carbonate and adding normal saline (0.9% NaCl) or WFI (q.s.) to make up the volume of the mixture obtained in step h, followed by agitation for 2 hours.

[0319] j) The process further comprises adding preservative to the mixture obtained in step (h) selected from: [0320] v. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0321] vi. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); or [0322] vii. 2-Phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg per 0.5 ml (v/v), methylparaben in an amount of 0.1-1.5 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v) and propylparaben in an amount of 0.05-0.2 mg per 0.5 ml (w/v); [0323] viii. 2-phenoxyethanol in an amount of 1 to 6 mg (v/v) per 0.5 ml as preservative.

Example 12: Adsorption and Potency Profile of Individual Antigens

[0324]

TABLE-US-00033 TABLE 31 This table gives a brief on the percentage adsorption of individual antigens, and Potency profile of individual antigens in SIIPL Combination vaccine Test Range 0 Day Dose 0.5 ml Hepatitis B (0.77-1.72) 1.14 In-Vivo Potency R.P (95% CL) Hib PRP Content Actual value. 11.32 g/0.5 ml (g/0.5 ml) (Total PRP) Free PRP (%) Actual value. 1.7 Diphtheria component Actual value. 42 potency (Lf/ml) Tetanus component Actual value. 16.7 potency (Lf/ml) Pertussis component NLT 4 IU/dose .sup.6.16 (3.34-11.41) potency (IU/dose) Adsorption Actual value. 99.71 Hepatitis-B (%) Adsorption: Tetanus Actual value. 100% Component (%) Adsorption: Diphtheria Actual value. 105% Component (%) IPV Salk Strain Type 1 = 10 DU/0.5 ml 5.98 D Antigen unit Type 2 = 2 DU/0.5 ml 1.6 (DU/0.5 ml) ELISA Type 3 = 10 DU/0.5 ml 7.87 IPV Salk Strain Type 1 (LL-UL) 88.9% (25.4-266.9) Invivo Efficacy Type 3 (LL-UL) 93.9% (38.7-245.0)

TABLE-US-00034 TABLE 32 This table gives a brief on the percentage adsorption of individual antigens, and Potency profile of individual antigens in SIIPL Combination vaccine Test Range 0 Day Dose 0.5 ml Hepatitis B (0.77-1.72) 1.21 In-Vivo Potency R.P (95% CL) Hib PRP Content Actual value. 11.87 g/0.5 ml (g/0.5 ml) (Total PRP) Free PRP (%) Actual value. Not detectable Diphtheria component Actual value. 42 potency (Lf/ml) Tetanus component Actual value. 16.8 potency (Lf/ml) Pertussis component NLT 4 IU/dose 7.13 (3.45-15.85) potency (IU/dose) Adsorption Actual value. 99.8 Hepatitis-B (%) Adsorption: Tetanus Actual value. 100% Component (%) Adsorption: Diphtheria Actual value. 105% Component (%) IPV Sabin Strain Type 1 = 5 DU/0.5 ml 3.84 D Antigen unit Type 2 = 16 DU/0.5 ml 8.66 (DU/0.5 ml) ELISA Type 3 = 10 DU/0.5 ml 14.58 IPV Sabin Strain Type 1 >100.0% Invivo Efficacy Type 2 >100.0% Type 3 >100.0%