Abstract
A pane with a functional element having electrically switchable optical properties, includes a first pane, a functional element having electrically switchable optical properties including a first surface electrode, an active layer, and a second surface electrode arranged flat one above the other in this order, a first busbar that electrically conductively contacts the first surface electrode and a second busbar that electrically conductively contacts the second surface electrode, a edge-side pattern in the edge region that is formed by decoated, linear regions within the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode such that the linear regions are situated adjacent the first busbar and/or second busbar and extend, starting from there, in the direction of the opposite section of the circumferential edge, wherein the edge-side pattern has no electrically isolated zones within the first and second surface electrodes.
Claims
1. A pane with a functional element having electrically switchable optical properties, comprising: at least one first pane having a first side, a second side, and an edge region adjacent a circumferential edge, at least one functional element having electrically switchable optical properties that is arranged flat on the first side of the first pane, at least comprising a first surface electrode, an active layer, and a second surface electrode arranged flat one above the other in this order, at least one first busbar that electrically conductively contacts the first surface electrode and at least one second busbar that electrically conductively contacts the second surface electrode, at least one edge-side pattern in the edge region that is formed by decoated linear regions within the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode such that the decoated linear regions are situated adjacent along the first busbar and/or the second busbar and extend, starting from there, in a direction of an opposite section of the circumferential edge, wherein the edge-side pattern has no electrically isolated zones within the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
2. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the at least one first busbar and the at least one second busbar are arranged on opposite sections of the circumferential edge.
3. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the decoated linear regions have a wavy shape or substantially wavy shape.
4. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the decoated linear regions of the edge-side pattern have a rectilinear course or a substantially rectilinear course.
5. The pane according to claim 4, wherein the decoated linear regions have an angle of 10 to 50 relative to the adjacent first busbar or second busbar.
6. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the decoated linear regions of the edge-side pattern have increased line density in a direction of the circumferential edge.
7. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode has a group of decoated linear regions that are parallel or substantially parallel to decoated linear regions of the same.
8. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode has at least one central pattern that is introduced at least partially in regions outside the edge region and wherein the central pattern has no electrically isolated zones within the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
9. The pane according to claim 8, wherein the central pattern has decoated linear regions that extend within the first surface electrode starting from the edge-side pattern in the vicinity of the first busbar in a direction of the second busbar and/or extend within the second surface electrode starting from the edge-side pattern in the vicinity of the second busbar in the direction of the first busbars.
10. The pane according to claim 1, wherein along the sections of the circumferential edge on which no busbars are arranged, electrically isolated zones are introduced in the edge region within the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode.
11. The pane according to claim 1, wherein the functional element is an electrochromic functional element, an SPD element, a PDLC element, or an electroluminescent element.
12. An insulating glazing at least comprising: a pane according to claim 1, a second pane at least including an electrically conductive coating, a circumferential spacer that joins the second pane to the pane, wherein at least one edge-side pattern is introduced into the electrically conductive coating in the edge region.
13. A method for producing a pane according to claim 1, comprising: a. providing a first pane with a functional element having electrically switchable optical properties, and b. forming at least one edge-side pattern comprising decoated linear regions within the first surface electrode and/or the second surface electrode such that the decoated linear regions are situated adjacent the first busbar and/or second busbar and extend, starting from there, in a direction of the opposite section of the circumferential edge, wherein the edge-side pattern has no electrically isolated zones within the first surface electrode and the second surface electrode.
14. The method for producing a pane according to claim 12, wherein the edge-side pattern is introduced by laser patterning.
15. A method comprising providing a pane according to claim 1 in a vehicle body or a vehicle door of a vehicle of transport on land, on water, or in the air, or in a building as part of an external faade or a building window.
16. The pane according to claim 3, wherein the decoated linear regions have a sinusoidal course at least in some sections and/or a zigzag course at least in some sections.
17. The pane according to claim 5, wherein the decoated linear regions have an angle of 20 to 45 relative to the adjacent first busbar or second busbar.
18. The pane according to claim 7, wherein a distance between adjacent decoated regions of the same group is 1.0 mm to 20.0 mm.
19. The pane according to claim 7, wherein a distance between adjacent decoated regions of the same group is 2.0 mm to 5.0 mm.
20. A method comprising providing an insulating glazing according to claim 12 as glazing with low transmission loss for high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, in a vehicle body or a vehicle door of a vehicle of transport on land, on water, or in the air or in a building as part of an external faade or a building window
Description
[0088] The invention is explained in detail in the following with reference to drawings and an example. The drawings are not completely to scale. The invention is in no way restricted by the drawings. They depict:
[0089] FIG. 1a a schematic representation of a pane according to the invention in plan view,
[0090] FIG. 1b a cross-section of the pane according to the invention of FIG. 1a along the section line A-A,
[0091] FIG. 2 a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view,
[0092] FIG. 3 a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view,
[0093] FIG. 4 a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view,
[0094] FIG. 5 a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view,
[0095] FIG. 6 an alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5,
[0096] FIG. 7 an alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5,
[0097] FIG. 8 an alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5,
[0098] FIG. 9 an alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5,
[0099] FIG. 10 a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view,
[0100] FIG. 11 a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view, and
[0101] FIG. 12 an insulating glazing according to the invention including a pane according to the invention.
[0102] FIG. 1a depicts a schematic representation of a pane 10 according to the invention in plan view. FIG. 1b depicts a cross-section of this pane along the section line AA. The pane 10 comprises a first pane 1.1, on the first side I of which a functional element 2 is arranged flat. The functional element 2 comprises an electrochromic layer as an active layer 4, which is arranged flat between a first surface electrode 3.1 and a second surface electrode 3.2, with the surface electrodes 3.1, 3.2 being in direct contact with the active layer 4. The first surface electrode 3.1 and the second surface electrode 3.2 are in each case applied to a carrier film 12. The functional element 2 is bonded to the first pane 1.1 by means of a thermoplastic bonding film 9 via the surface of the carrier film 12 facing away from the surface electrode 3.1. Alternatively, the first surface electrode 3.1 nearest the first pane 1.1 can also be applied directly to the first pane 1.1, in which case the thermoplastic bonding film 9 and the carrier film 12 of the first surface electrode 3.1 can be dispensed with. A first busbar 5.1 and a second busbar 5.1 are attached in the edge region R of the pane 10, along two opposing sections of the circumferential edge K, with the first busbar 5.1 electrically conductively contacting the first surface electrode 3.1 and the second busbar 5.2 electrically conductively contacting the second surface electrode 3.2. Applying an electrical voltage to the surface electrodes 3.1, 3.2 via the busbars 5.1, 5.2 induces the switching operation of the active layer 4. In the edge region R, adjacent the first busbar 5.1 and the second busbar 5.2, edge-side patterns 6 are in each case introduced into the first surface electrode 3.1 and the second surface electrode 3.2, respectively. The edge-side patterns 6 are formed by decoated linear regions 7 that extend, starting from the nearest busbar 5.1, 5.2, in the direction of the respective opposite busbars 5.1, 5.2. Depending on the height of the pane, the decoated linear regions 7 have a length of approx. 5% to 30% of the distance between opposite busbars and have a distance of 2.0 mm from the respective adjacent decoated linear region 7. No material of the surface electrodes 3.1, 3.2 is present along the decoated linear regions 7 and this was removed or decomposed, for example, by laser patterning. The edge-side pattern 6 makes the surface electrodes 3.1, 3.2, which are otherwise otherwise impermeable to high-frequency electromagnetic radiation, permeable. The edge-side patterns 6 are, for example, decoated by laser patterning and have only a very small line width of, for example, 0.1 mm. Vision through the pane 10 according to the invention is not significantly impaired and the decoated patterns 6 are hardly detectable. Current paths, along which a flow of current occurs from the busbars 5.1, 5.2 via the surface electrode 3.1, 3.2 associated with the busbar in the direction of the opposite busbar, are formed between adjacent decoated linear regions 7. The edge-side patterns 6 do not enclose any closed areas of the surface electrodes 3.1, 3.2 and the switchability of the functional element 2 is not affected.
[0103] FIG. 2 depicts another embodiment of a pane 10 according to the invention. The pane 10 corresponds substantially to the pane 10 of FIG. 1a, wherein, in contrast thereto, the edge-side patterns 6 are formed from wave-shaped decoated linear regions 7. These have a sinusoidal shape. This improves the transmission of electromagnetic radiation whose field vector has components parallel to the preferred direction of the linear regions 7.
[0104] FIG. 3 depicts another embodiment of a pane 10 according to the invention. The pane 10 corresponds substantially to the pane 10 of FIG. 1a, with, in contrast thereto, the edge-side patterns 6 having further decoated linear regions 7 that run parallel to the nearest busbar 5.1, 5.2. These linear regions 7 running parallel to the busbar 5.1, 5.2 form a cross-shaped arrangement with the linear regions 7 running in the direction of the opposite busbars 5.1, 5.2. Situated at the ends of the lines forming the cross are further decoated linear regions 7, running in each case perpendicular to the line of the cross-shaped arrangement at the end of which they are attached. The linear regions which, together, have a cross-shaped arrangement, have a length of 25 mm, while the terminal sections of the decoated linear regions 7 have a length of 19 mm. Thus, the cross-shaped arrangements do not form any closed areas. The distance between adjacent cross-shaped arrangements is 2 mm. The edge-side patterns 6 of FIG. 3 have good transmission of electromagnetic radiation of various frequencies, with the switching behavior of the functional element 2 being adversely affected only slightly.
[0105] FIG. 4 depicts another embodiment of a pane 10 according to the invention. The pane 10 corresponds substantially to the pane 10 of FIG. 1a, with, in contrast thereto, the linear decoated regions 7 running at an angle of 45 relative to the nearest busbar 5.1, 5.2. In each case, two groups of decoated linear regions 7 are attached to each of the busbars 5.1, 5.2, with the linear regions 7 of a group running parallel to one another in each case. The linear regions 7 of two different groups are at an angle of 90 relative to one another, i.e., differ in terms of their orientation to the busbar in the sign of the magnitude of the angle 45. The different orientations of the two groups of linear regions 7 are responsible for improved transmission of electromagnetic radiation of different field vectors.
[0106] FIG. 5 depicts another embodiment of a pane 10 according to the invention. The pane 10 corresponds substantially to the pane 10 of FIG. 4, with, in contrast thereto, the linear decoated regions 7 of the edge-side pattern 6 running at an angle of 25 relative to the nearest busbar 5.1, 5.2. In addition to this, a central pattern 8 is introduced into the first surface electrode 3.1 and the second surface electrode 3.2. The central pattern 8 comprises linear regions 7 that run perpendicular to the busbars 5.1, 5.2 and connect the edge-side patterns 6 to one another. The central pattern 8 can be attached directly to the decoated regions 7 of the edge-side pattern 6 or can be a small distance from the edge-side pattern 6. Current paths are formed between the edge-side patterns 6 adjacent the first busbar 5.1 and the edge-side patterns 6 adjacent the second busbar 5.2 such that the switching behavior of the functional element is hardly affected. At the same time, transmission of electromagnetic radiation in the through-vision region of the pane 10 can also take place via the central pattern.
[0107] FIG. 6 depicts an alternative embodiment of a pane 10 according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5. In contrast to the pane described in FIG. 5, the pane 10 of FIG. 6 has a first busbar 5.1 that covers two adjacent edge sections of the circumferential edge K arranged at right angles to one another. The second busbar 5.2 (not shown) likewise runs on two adjacent edge sections opposite those of the busbar 5.1. In both edge sections, the decoated linear regions 7 of the edge-side pattern 6 assume an angle of 90 relative to the nearest section of the adjacent busbar 5.1, with a gradual transition between the two orientations of the decoated linear regions 7 occurring in the corner region of the busbar 5.1. The edge-side pattern 6 adjacent the second busbar 5.2 (not shown) is constructed analogously. Due to the large variety of orientations of the decoated linear regions 7, advantageously high transmission of electromagnetic radiation results. Optionally, a central pattern can also be provided in this case, for example, in the form of linear regions that run between the edge-side patterns 6 of the first busbar 5.1 and the second busbar 5.2.
[0108] FIG. 7 depicts another alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5. The embodiment of FIG. 7 corresponds substantially to FIG. 6, with, in contrast thereto, there being a slow gradual transition from an arrangement of the decoated linear regions 7 at an angle of 90 relative to the nearest busbar section 2 and orientation at an angle of 45. An angle of 90 is adopted at the center of the edge, whereas, in the corner regions, an angle of 45 is reached. The length of the decoated linear regions remains substantially constant in order to not increase the processing time of the laser patterning. The higher diversity of the angles of linear regions achieved in FIG. 7 is advantageous in terms of the transmission of different field vectors of electromagnetic radiation.
[0109] FIG. 8 depicts another alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5, with this embodiment substantially corresponding to the embodiment of FIG. 7. In contrast thereto, the length of the decoated linear regions 7 increases from the center of the edge to the corner of the pane 10. The edge of the edge-side pattern 6, which is situated at a constant height, can be perceived as more appealing visually.
[0110] FIG. 9 depicts another alternative embodiment of a pane according to the invention within an enlarged detail Z of FIG. 5, with the essential features corresponding to the embodiment of FIG. 8. In contrast thereto, the decoated linear regions 7 of FIG. 9 include lines of different length arranged alternatingly. As a result, there is greater line density in the region adjacent the busbar 5.1 than at the edge of the edge-side pattern adjacent the through-vision area. In the region of higher line density, the transmission of higher frequencies is preferred compared to improved transmission of lower frequencies in the region of the edge-side pattern with smaller line density.
[0111] FIG. 10 depicts a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view. The pane 10 of FIG. 10 corresponds substantially to the pane 10 of FIG. 1a, with the differences being explained below. The edge-side patterns 6 are formed by decoated linear regions 7 that extend, within the first and second surface electrode 3.1, 3.2, starting from the nearest busbar 5.1, 5.2, in the direction of the respective opposite busbar 5.1, 5.2. In the present exemplary embodiment, the linear regions 7 of the edge-side patterns 6 run substantially perpendicular to the busbars 5.1, 5.2 and transition directly into the central pattern 8. The central pattern 8 and the edge-side pattern 6 form, together, mutually parallel decoated lines 7 that run between the first busbar 5.1 and the second busbar 5.2. Current paths are formed between the decoated lines 7. The edge-side pattern 6 and the central pattern 8 do not enclose any closed areas of the surface electrodes 3.1, 3.2, and the switchability of the functional element 2 is not affected. A central pattern 8 is not provided in the entire region of the pane, in particular the center of the surface of the pane 10 is left open to ensure improved through-vision through the pane 10. Also, the distances between adjacent decoated lines 7 within the edge-side pattern 6 and the central pattern 8 increase from the edge sections without busbars in the direction of the center of the pane. As a result, the decoated linear regions 7 become more inconspicuous in the direction of the central through-vision region of the pane. The distance between adjacent decoated lines 7 is from 2 mm to 10 mm. Along the sections of the circumferential edge K, where no busbars are attached, there are electrically isolated zones 13. These electrically isolated zones 13 that are implemented as a grid pattern including areas of the surface electrodes 3.1 and 3.2 enclosed therein are not part of the switchable region of the functional element 2. According to the invention, such closed areas cannot be applied as edge-side patterns along the busbars and are also not formed in the central pattern. Only at the edge sections without busbars can such surface areas be excluded from the switchable functional element 2 without affecting the switching behavior of the rest of the functional element. The embodiment of FIG. 10 is particularly advantageous for achieving good transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation while ensuring good switching behavior of the functional element and good visual appearance.
[0112] FIG. 11 depicts a schematic representation of another exemplary embodiment of a pane according to the invention in plan view, with this embodiment substantially corresponding to that described in FIG. 10. In contrast thereto, not all of the decoated linear regions 7 of the edge-side pattern 6 transition into linear decoated regions 7 of the central pattern 8. In the region of the central through-vision region of the pane 10, there is no central pattern 8, but there is an edge-side pattern 6. The distance between adjacent decoated linear regions 7 of the edge-side pattern 6 and the central pattern 8 is 2 mm. This embodiment also has particularly good transmission of high-frequency electromagnetic radiation with good switching behavior of the functional element and good visual appearance.
[0113] FIG. 12 depicts an insulating glazing 20 according to the invention including a pane 10 according to the invention. An electrochromic functional element 2 is attached to the first pane 1.1, and an electrically conductive coating 11 is applied to a second pane 1.2. The electrically conductive coating 11 is infrared reflecting. The first pane 1.1 is assembled on the surface facing away from the functional element 2 by means of a thermoplastic intermediate layer 9 with a third pane 1.3 to form the pane 10 in the form of a composite pane. The pane 10 and the second pane 1.2 are joined via the spacer 21 to form the insulating glazing 20. The spacer 21 is attached circumferentially between the first pane 1.1 and the second pane 1.2 via a sealant 26. The sealant 26 connects the pane contact surfaces 22.1 and 22.2 of the spacer 21 to the panes 1.1 and 1.2. The spacer 21 is implemented as a polymeric main body with a cavity 29. A gas- and water-tight barrier film (not shown) is applied on the outer surface 23 of the spacer 21. The cavity 29 contains a desiccant 28 that can absorb the residual moisture from the glazing interior 25 via openings in the glazing interior surface 24. The glazing interior 25 adjacent the glazing interior surface 24 of the spacer 21 is defined as the space delimited by the panes 1.1, 1.2 and the spacer 21. The outer interpane space adjacent the outer surface 23 of the spacer 21 is a strip-shaped circumferential section of the glazing that is delimited on one side each by the two panes 1.1, 1.2 and by the spacer 21 on another side and whose fourth edge is open. The glazing interior 25 is filled with argon. A sealant 26 that seals the gap between pane 1.1, 1.2 and spacer 21 is introduced in each case between a pane contact surface 22.1 or 22.2 and the adjacent pane 1.1 or 1.2, respectively. The sealant 26 is polyisobutylene. An outer seal 27 that serves to bond the first pane 1.1 and the second pane 1.2 is placed on the outer surface 23 in the outer interpane space. The outer seal 27 is made of silicone. The outer seal 27 ends flush with the pane edges of the first pane 1.1 and the second pane 1.2. The second pane 1.2 has a thickness of 4.0 mm and has an infrared reflecting coating 11 on the pane surface facing the glazing interior 25. The electrochromic functional element 2, which is equipped with a first busbar 5.1 for the electrical contacting of the functional element 2, is attached on the pane surface I of the first pane 1.1 facing the glazing interior 25. The second busbar is not shown in this view. The busbars 5.1, 5.2 were produced by printing a conductive paste and electrically contacted on the electrochromic functional element 2. The conductive paste, also referred to as silver paste, contains silver particles and glass frits. The busbars run on the first pane 1.1 in the glazing interior 25 and parallel to the glazing interior surface 24 of the spacer 21. The first pane 1.1 has a thickness of 2.0 mm and is laminated via a thermoplastic bonding film 9 made of 0.76-mm PVB with a third pane 1.3 with a thickness of 2.0 mm. The composite pane 10 comprising the first p top ane 1.1 and the third pane 1.3 constitutes the outer pane of a building glazing, while the second pane 1.2 is the inner pane. The insulating glazing 20 according to the invention has good heat dissipation from the electrochromic functional element 2 and good thermal insulation of the building interior due to the infrared reflecting coating 11. The functional element 2 is designed as shown in FIG. 5, with the first and the second surface electrode 3.1, 3.2 being equipped with edge-side patterns 6 and central patterns 8 as shown in FIG. 5. The electrically conductive coating 11 of the second pane acting as an infrared reflecting coating is also provided with the edge-side patterns and central patterns 6, 8 explained in FIG. 5.
LIST OF REFERENCE CHARACTERS
[0114] 10 pane [0115] 1.1 first pane [0116] 1.2 second pane [0117] 1.3 third pane [0118] 2 functional element having electrically switchable optical properties [0119] 3 surface electrodes [0120] 3.1 first surface electrode [0121] 3.2 second surface electrode [0122] 4 active layer [0123] 5 busbars [0124] 5.1 first busbar [0125] 5.2 second busbar [0126] 6 edge-side pattern [0127] 7 linear regions [0128] 8 central pattern [0129] 9 thermoplastic intermediate layer [0130] 11 electrically conductive coating [0131] 12 carrier films [0132] 13 electrically isolated zones [0133] 20 insulating glazing [0134] 21 spacer [0135] 22 pane contact surfaces [0136] 22.1 first pane contact surface [0137] 22.2 second pane contact surface [0138] 23 outer side of the spacer [0139] 24 glazing interior surface of the spacer [0140] 25 glazing interior [0141] 26 sealant [0142] 27 outer seal [0143] 28 desiccant [0144] 29 cavity [0145] I first side [0146] II second side [0147] K circumferential edge [0148] R edge region
