STATOR FOR AN ELECTRIC MACHINE AND ELECTRIC MACHINE FOR DRIVING A VEHICLE

Abstract

1. A stator (1) for an electric machine (51), wherein the stator (1) has a distributed stator winding (2) having a number N of phase windings, a number P of pole pairs and a stator core (3), in which slots (A) are formed, wherein the stator winding (2) is arranged in the slots (A); wherein the stator core (3) is divided into 2PN winding zones (8a-f) which follow each other uniformly in a circumferential direction; wherein the stator core (3) has a large number of recesses (4a-l) which extend in an axial direction from a first end face of the stator core (3) to a second end face, which is opposite the first end face, of the stator core (3); wherein the recesses (4a-l) form at least one arrangement (5a-c) of recesses (4a-d, 4e-f, 4i-l) which follow each other in a circumferential direction and at least two recesses (4a-d, 4e-f, 4i-l) of the arrangement (5a-c) belong to one of the winding zones (8a-f); wherein each pair of recesses (4a-d, 4e-h, 4i-l) which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone (8a-f) has a first angular spacing (11a-c, 15a-c, 20a-c) in a circumferential direction relative to each other; wherein each pair of recesses (4a, 4d, 4e, 4h, 4i, 4l) which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to different winding zones (8a-f) has a second angular spacing (11d, 15d, 20d) in a circumferential direction relative to each other; characterized in that in at least one arrangement (5a-c) the first angular spacing (11a-c, 15a-c, 20a-c) and the second angular spacing (11d, 15d, 20d) are different so that the arrangement (5a-c) is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

Claims

1. A stator for an electric machine, wherein the stator has a distributed stator winding having a number N of phase windings, a number P of pole pairs and a stator core, in which slots are formed, wherein the stator winding is arranged in the slots; wherein the stator core is divided into 2PN winding zones which follow each other uniformly in a circumferential direction; wherein the stator core has a large number of recesses which extend in an axial direction from a first end face of the stator core to a second end face, which is opposite the first end face, of the stator core; wherein the recesses form at least one arrangement of recesses which follow each other in a circumferential direction and at least two recesses of the arrangement belong to one of the winding zones; wherein each pair of recesses which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone has a first angular spacing in a circumferential direction relative to each other; wherein each pair of recesses which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to different winding zones has a second angular spacing in a circumferential direction relative to each other; wherein in at least one arrangement the first angular spacing and the second angular spacing are different so that the arrangement is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

2. The stator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recesses of a first arrangement which is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement form the slots.

3. The stator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the recesses of a first arrangement form the slots and are arranged regularly in the circumferential direction of the entire stator core.

4. The stator as claimed in claim 1, wherein the stator has a receiving space for a rotor of the electric machine and the stator core has a covering face which faces the receiving space.

5. The stator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the recesses of a second arrangement extend through the covering face.

6. The stator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the recesses of the second arrangement form slot openings of the stator core which connect the slots to the receiving space or form pseudo-slot openings of the stator core which form blind holes in a radial direction.

7. The stator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the recesses of the second arrangement are arranged in a circumferential direction at angular positions, at which they are overlapped by the slots.

8. The stator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the second arrangement is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

9. The stator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the recesses of the second arrangement are arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the entire stator core.

10. The stator as claimed in claim 4, wherein the recesses of a third arrangement extend through the covering face.

11. The stator as claimed in claim 10, wherein the recesses of the third arrangement are arranged in a circumferential direction at angular positions which are located between those of a respective pair of adjacent slots.

12. The stator as claimed in claim 10, wherein the recesses of the third arrangement form pseudo-slot openings which form blind holes in a radial direction.

13. The stator as claimed in claim 10, wherein the third arrangement is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

14. The stator as claimed in claim 10, wherein the recesses of the third arrangement are arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the entire stator core.

15. An electric machine for driving a vehicle, comprising a stator as claimed in claim 1 and a rotor which is rotatably sup-ported inside the stator.

16. The stator as claimed in claim 2, wherein the stator has a receiving space for a rotor of the electric machine and the stator core has a covering face which faces the receiving space.

17. The stator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the recesses of the second arrangement are arranged in a circumferential direction at angular positions, at which they are overlapped by the slots.

18. The stator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the second arrangement is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

19. The stator as claimed in claim 6, wherein the recesses of the second arrangement are arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the entire stator core.

20. The stator as claimed in claim 5, wherein the recesses of a third arrangement extend through the covering face.

Description

[0030] These drawings are schematic illustrations, in which:

[0031] FIG. 1 shows a schematic illustration of a conventional stator;

[0032] FIGS. 2 and 3 each show a cross section of a first embodiment of the stator according to the invention;

[0033] FIGS. 4 to 7 each show a cross section of additional embodiments of the stator according to the invention;

[0034] FIGS. 8 and 9 each show a cross section of a cutout of additional embodiments of the stator according to the invention;

[0035] FIG. 10 shows a graph of a torque against an angular position of a rotor during operation of an embodiment of the stator according to the invention in comparison with a conventional stator; and

[0036] FIG. 11 shows a basic diagram of a vehicle having an exemplary embodiment of the electric machine according to the invention.

[0037] FIG. 1 shows a cross section of a conventional stator 101.

[0038] The stator 101 comprises an N-phase (N=3) distributed stator winding 102 which forms a pole pair (P=1) of the stator and a stator core 103 in which there are formed a large number of recesses 104a-h which extend in an axial direction from a first end face, from the direction of which the view is directed toward the cross section according to FIG. 1, to a second end face, which is opposite the first end face, of the stator core 103. The recesses 104a-h form a first arrangement 105a of recesses 104a-d and a second arrangement 105b of recesses 104e-h. The recesses 104a-d of the first arrangement 105a form slots which receive the stator winding 102. The recesses 104e-h of the second arrangement 105b form slot openings which connect the recesses 104a-d of the first arrangement 105a to a receiving space 106 for a rotor by extending through an inner covering face 107 of the stator core 103.

[0039] The stator core is divided into six (2PN) winding zones 108a-f, which follow each other uniformly in a circumferential direction. Of the recesses 104a-d, 104 e-h of a respective arrangement 105a, 105b, m=4 recesses belong to one of the winding zones 108a-f.

[0040] In the first arrangement 105a, each pair of recesses 104a-d which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone 108a-f has a first angular spacing 111a-c in a circumferential direction relative to each other. Furthermore, each pair of recesses 104a, 104d which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to different winding zones 108a-f has a second angular spacing 111d in a circumferential direction relative to each other. The first and second angular spacings are identical so that the recesses 104a-d are arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the entire stator core 103.

[0041] Consequently, the stator core 103 can be divided for the first arrangement 105a into first to sixth (2PN-th) sectors 109a-f, which are illustrated in FIG. 1 by solid radial arrows. A respective sector 109a-f is again divided into first to fourth (m-th) part-sectors 110a-d, which are illustrated in FIG. 1 for the first sector 109a by broken radial lines. For every 1j6=2PN and every 1km=4, the k-th recess 104a-d which belongs to the j-th sector 109a-f is arranged so completely in the k-th part-sector 110a-d of the j-th sector 109a-f that the outer limit of the k-th part-sector 110a-d, when viewed from the first end face in a clockwise direction, is a tangent of the edge of the k-th recess 104a-d. In this case, central angles of a respective part-sector 110a-d correspond to the first and second angular spacings 111a-d and are identical so that all the recesses 104a-d are arranged at equidistant positions in a circumferential direction.

[0042] In a similar manner, the recesses 104e-h of the second arrangement 105b are also arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the stator core 103.

[0043] FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 each show a cross section of a first embodiment of a stator 1.

[0044] The stator 1 comprises an N-phase (N=3) distributed stator winding 2 which forms a pole pair (P=1) of the stator 1 and a stator core 3, in which there are formed a large number of recesses 4a-h which extend in an axial direction from a first end face, from the direction of which the view is directed toward the cross section according to FIG. 2, to a second end face, which is opposite the first end face, of the stator core 3. The recesses 4a-h form a first arrangement 5a of recesses 4a-d and a second arrangement 5b of recesses 4e-h. In this case, the recesses 4a-d of the first arrangement 5a form slots A which receive the stator winding 2. The recesses 4e-h of the second arrangement 5b form slot openings B which connect the recesses 4a-d of the first arrangement 5a to a receiving space 6 for a rotor 52 (cf. FIG. 11) by extending through an inner covering face 7 of the stator core 3.

[0045] The stator core is divided into six (2PN) winding zones 8a-f, which follow each other uniformly in a circumferential direction. Of the recesses 4a-d, 4d-h of a respective arrangement 5a, 5b, m=4 recesses belong to one of the winding zones 8a-f.

[0046] In the first arrangement 5a, each pair of recesses 4a-d which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone 8a-f has a first angular spacing 11a-c in a circumferential direction relative to each other. Furthermore, each pair of recesses 4a, 4d which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to different winding zones 8a-f has a second angular spacing 11d in a circumferential direction relative to each other. The first angular spacing 11a-c and the second angular spacing 11d are different so that the first arrangement 5a is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

[0047] In the present embodiment, the second angular spacing 11d is smaller than the first angular spacing 11 a-c. The first angular spacings 11 a-c of the pairs of recesses 4a-d which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone 8a-f are identical. A respective first angular spacing 11a-c is greater than 360/(2PNm), whereas the second angular spacing 11d is smaller than 360/(2PNm).

[0048] As illustrated in detail in FIG. 3, in the second arrangement 5b each pair of recesses 4e-h which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone 8a-f has a first angular spacing 15a-c in a circumferential direction relative to each other. Furthermore, each pair of recesses 4e, 4h which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to different winding zones 8a-f has a second angular spacing 15d in a circumferential direction relative to each other. The first angular spacing 15a-c and the second angular spacing 11d are different so that the second arrangement 5b is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement.

[0049] In the present embodiment, the second angular spacing 15d is smaller than the first angular spacing 15a-c. The first angular spacings 15a-c of the pairs of recesses 4e-h which are adjacent in a circumferential direction and which belong to the same winding zone 8a-f are identical. A respective first angular spacing 15a-c is greater than 360/(2PNm), whereas the second angular spacing 15d is smaller than 360/(2PNm).

[0050] Furthermore, in the first embodiment, the first and second angular spacings 11a-d of the first arrangement 5a correspond to the first and second angular spacings 15a-d of the second arrangement 5b so that the slot openings B, which are formed by the recesses 4e-h, are located at identical relative positions in relation to the slots A which are formed by the recesses 4a-d. In this instance, the slot openings B are located centrally relative to the slots A.

[0051] Consequently, the stator core 3 can be divided for the first arrangement 5a into first to sixth (2PN-th) sectors 9a-f, which are illustrated in FIG. 2 by solid radial arrows. A respective sector 9a-f is again divided into first to fourth (m-th) part-sectors 10a-d, which are illustrated in FIG. 2 for the first sector 9a by broken radial lines. For every 1 j 6=2PN and every 1 k m=4, the k-th recess 4a-d which belongs to the j-th sector 9a-f is arranged so completely in the k-th part-sector 10a-d of the j-th sector 9a-f that the outer limit of the k-th part-sector 10a-d, when viewed from the first end face in a clockwise direction, is a tangent of the edge of the k-th recess 4a-d. In this case, first to third [(m1)-th] central angles of the first to third [(m1)-th)] part-sectors 10a-c correspond to the first angular spacings 11a-c and are identical. The first to third [(m1)-th] central angles, on the one hand, and a fourth central angle, which corresponds to the second angular spacing 11d, of a fourth (m-th) part-sector 10d, on the other hand, are different. In the present embodiment, the fourth central angle is smaller than a respective angle of the first to third central angles.

[0052] Furthermore, it is possible to divide the stator core 3 for the second arrangement 5b into first to sixth (2PN-th) sectors 13a-f, which are illustrated in FIG. 3 by solid radial arrows. A respective sector 13a-f is again divided into first to fourth (m-th) part-sectors 14a-d, which are illustrated in FIG. 3 for the first sector 13a by broken radial lines. For every 1j6=2PN and every 1km=4, the k-th recess 4e-h which belongs to the j-th sector 13a-f is arranged so completely in the k-th part-sector 14a-d of the j-th sector 13a-f that the outer limit of the k-th part-sector 14a-d, when viewed from the first end face in a clockwise direction, is a tangent of the edge of the k-th recess 4e-h. In this case, first to third [(m1)-th] central angles of the first to third [(m1)-th)] part-sectors 14a-c correspond to the first angular spacings 15a-c and are identical. The first to third [(m1)-th] central angles, on the one hand, and a fourth central angle, which corresponds to the second angular spacing 15d, of a fourth (m-th) part-sector 14d, on the other hand, are different. In the present embodiment, the fourth central angle is smaller than a respective angle of the first to third central angles.

[0053] Furthermore, in the present embodiment the central angles 11a-d of the first arrangement 5a correspond to the central angles 15a-d of the second arrangement 5b.

[0054] The stator 1 has by way of example a number of holes which is four (m=4), wherein the number of holes corresponds to the number of recesses 4a-d, 4e-h, which belong to a respective winding zone 8a-f, of a respective arrangement 5a, 5b.

[0055] By way of example, the stator winding 2 is formed by a large number of shaped conductors 16 (see FIG. 2) so that the stator winding 2 is a hairpin winding. For example, six shaped conductors 16 are arranged in each recess 4a-d of the first arrangement 5a.

[0056] Additional embodiments of a stator 1, which correspond to the stator 1 according to the first embodiment except for the differences described below, are described below. Identical or functionally equivalent components are provided with identical reference signs here.

[0057] FIG. 4 shows a cross section of a second embodiment of a stator 1.

[0058] According to the second embodiment, in the first arrangement 5a the second angular spacing 11d is greater than the first angular spacing 11a-c. In this case, the first angular spacing 11a-c is less than 360/(2PNm), whereas the second angular spacing 11d is greater than 360/(2PNm). Similarly, in the second arrangement 5b the second angular spacing 15d (not shown) is greater than the first angular spacing 15a-c (not shown). In this case, the first angular spacing 15a-c is less than 360/(2PNm), whereas the second angular spacing 15d is greater than 360/(2PNm).

[0059] FIG. 5 shows a cross section of a third embodiment of a stator 1 which corresponds to the second embodiment in that the first angular spacings 11a-c, 15a-c or the first to third central angles are substantially greater than the second angular spacings 11d, 15d or the fourth central angles (first and second angular spacings not shown).

[0060] FIG. 6 shows a cross section of a fourth embodiment of a stator 1.

[0061] According to the fourth embodiment, in the first arrangement 5a the first and second angular spacings 11a-d (not shown) are identical so that the first arrangement is not formed as a non-uniform arrangement. The recesses 4a-d of the first arrangement 5a which form the slots A are arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the entire stator core 3.

[0062] In the second arrangement 5b, the second angular spacing 15das in the first embodimentis smaller than the first angular spacing 15a-c. The recesses 4e-h which form the slot openings B are thereby located at different relative positions in relation to the recesses 4a-d, which form the slots A.

[0063] FIG. 7 shows a cross section of a fifth embodiment of a stator 1, which corresponds to the second embodiment except for the following differences.

[0064] In the third embodiment, a third arrangement 5c of recesses 4i-l, which are in the form of pseudo-slot openings C is provided. The recesses 4i-l extend through the covering face 7 and are arranged in a circumferential direction at positions which are located between those of a respective pair of adjacent recesses 4a-d of the first arrangement 5a or between those of a respective pair of adjacent recesses 4e-h of the second arrangement 5b. The third arrangement 5c is in the form of a non-uniform arrangement, wherein a second angular spacing 20d is greater than the first angular spacing 20a-c.

[0065] Furthermore, it is possible to divide the stator core 3 for the third arrangement 5c into first to sixth (2PN-th) sectors 18a-f, which are illustrated in FIG. 7 by solid radial arrows. A respective sector 18a-f is again divided into first to fourth (m-th) part-sectors 19a-d, which are illustrated in FIG. 3 for the first sector 18a by broken radial lines. For every 1j6=2PN and every 1km=4, the k-th recess 4i-l which belongs to the j-th sector 18a-f is arranged so completely in the k-th part-sector 19a-d of the j-th sector 18a-f that the outer limit of the k-th part-sector 19a-d, when viewed from the first end face in a clockwise direction, is a tangent of the edge of the k-th recess 4i-l. In this case, first to third [(m1)-th] central angles of the first to third [(m1)-th)] part-sectors 19a-c correspond to the first angular spacings 20a-c and are identical. The first to third [(m1)-th] central angles, on the one hand, and a fourth central angle, which corresponds to the second angular spacing 20d, of a fourth (m-th) part-sector 19d, on the other hand, are different. In the present embodiment, the fourth central angle is greater than a respective angle of the first to third central angles.

[0066] Alternatively, according to another embodiment the second angular spacing 20d can be smaller than the first angular spacing 20a-c.

[0067] FIG. 8 shows a cross section of a cut-out of a sixth embodiment of a stator 1, to which the explanations relating to the fifth embodiment can be applied.

[0068] In the stator 1 according to the sixth embodiment, only m=2 recesses 4a, 4b, 4e, 4f, 4i, 4j belong to each winding zone 8a, 8b, 8c in each arrangement 5a-c. The number of pole pairs P is, for example, 4, 6 or 8. The number of holes of the stator is m=2. In this case, the arrangements 5a, 5c are non-uniform arrangements. Accordingly, the first and second central angles of a respective sector 9a, 9b, 9c, 18a, 18b, 18c are different. In the second arrangement 5b, the recesses 4e-h are arranged regularly in a circumferential direction of the entire stator core 3. Accordingly, the first and second central angles of a respective sector 13a, 13b, 13c are different.

[0069] FIG. 9 shows a cross section of a seventh embodiment of a stator 1 which corresponds to the sixth embodiment in that the recesses 4a, 4b of the first arrangement 5a form closed slots A which are separated from the receiving space 6 by the stator core 3. Furthermore, the recesses 4e, 4f of the second arrangement 5b form pseudo-slot openings D.

[0070] FIG. 10 shows a graph of a torque M against an angular position of a rotor 52 (cf. FIG. 11) during operation of an embodiment of the stator 1, as shown by a solid line, in comparison with a conventional stator 100, as shown by a broken line. It can be seen that a torque ripple in the stator 1 with displaced sectors is substantially less than in the conventional stator 100.

[0071] FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of an exemplary embodiment of a vehicle 50 with an exemplary embodiment of an electric machine 51.

[0072] The electric machine 51 has a stator 1 according to one of the above-described embodiments and a rotor 52, which is rotatably supported inside the stator 1. The electric machine 51 is in the form of a, particularly permanently excited, synchronous machine or an asynchronous machine and is configured to drive the vehicle 50. The electric machine 51 is thus part of a drive train 53 of the vehicle 50. The vehicle 50 is a battery-electric vehicle (BEV) or a hybrid vehicle.