MEMBRANE CLEANING WITH PULSED AIRLIFT PUMP

Abstract

A method of cleaning a membrane surface immersed in a liquid medium with a fluid flow, including the steps of providing a randomly generated intermittent or pulsed fluid flow along the membrane surface to dislodge fouling materials therefrom. A membrane module is also disclosed comprising a plurality of porous membranes (6) or a set of membrane modules (5) and a device (11) for providing a generally randomly generated, pulsed fluid flow such that, in use, said fluid flow moves past the surfaces of said membranes (6) to dislodge fouling materials therefrom.

Claims

1. A method of cleaning a membrane surface immersed in a liquid medium and disposed within a membrane module of an array of membrane modules comprising: introducing a gas to a chamber of a device positioned below the membrane surface, a single device positioned below each single module in the array of membrane modules and each single module in the array of membrane modules associated with a single device, such that the liquid medium in the chamber is displaced downward by the gas until a hydraulic seal is broken, whereupon a substantial portion of the gas introduced into the chamber is released to the membrane surface as a bubble slug.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the bubble slug is drawn rapidly up through a tube positioned within the device and having a first end in fluid communication with the membrane surface.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein the tube has a second end in fluid communication with the liquid medium such that the liquid medium enters the second end following the release of the bubble slug.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein a volume of the gas introduced to the chamber displaces a sufficient volume of the liquid medium such that a level of the liquid medium reaches an opening in the tube.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the gas is introduced to an upper portion of the chamber.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein introducing the gas includes introducing the gas continuously.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the chamber has an open lower end.

8. The method of claim 1, further comprising flooding the device with the liquid medium prior to introducing the gas.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising removing fouling materials from the membrane surface using the bubble slug.

10. A water treatment system comprising: a tank comprising a water to be treated; a liquid chamber fluidly connected to the tank; a gas chamber fluidly connected to the liquid chamber; a gas transfer system comprising a suction side connected to the liquid chamber and a discharge side connected to the gas chamber; and a membrane module vessel containing a membrane module, the membrane module vessel hydraulically connected to the tank.

11. The water treatment system of claim 10, further comprising a source of gas fluidly connected to the liquid chamber.

12. A method of operating a membrane bioreactor, the membrane bioreactor including a bioreactor tank and a membrane module positioned in a membrane tank, the membrane module including a plurality of porous hollow fiber membranes, the bioreactor tank and the membrane tank coupled by an inverted gas collection chamber, the method comprising: introducing feed to the membrane tank and the bioreactor tank; applying a vacuum to the plurality of porous hollow fiber membranes to withdraw filtrate therefrom; introducing a pressurized gas to a first chamber of the inverted gas collection chamber; producing a surge of gas using the pressurized gas, the first chamber, and a second chamber of the inverted gas collection chamber; and flowing the gas from the second chamber of the inverted gas collection chamber past surfaces of the plurality of porous hollow fiber membranes.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein producing the surge of gas also produces a rapid reduction of gas within the first chamber that causes feed to be siphoned from the bioreactor tank into the membrane tank.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the pressurized gas is introduced to the first chamber through a port controlled by a valve.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0045] Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

[0046] FIG. 1 is a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation view of a membrane module according to one embodiment of the invention;

[0047] FIG. 2 shows the module of FIG. 1 during the pulse activation phase;

[0048] FIG. 3 shows the module of FIG. 1 following the completion of the pulsed two-phase gas/liquid flow phase;

[0049] FIG. 4 is a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation view of a membrane module according to second embodiment of the invention;

[0050] FIG. 5 is a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation view of a water treatment system according to third embodiment of the invention;

[0051] FIG. 6 a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation view of an array of membrane modules of the type illustrated in the embodiment of FIG. 1;

[0052] FIGS. 7A and 7B are a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation views of a membrane module illustrating the operation levels of liquid within the pulsed gaslift device;

[0053] FIG. 8 is a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation view of a membrane module of the type shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, illustrating sludge build up in the pulse gaslift pump;

[0054] FIG. 9 a simplified schematic cross-sectional elevation view of a membrane module illustrating one embodiment of the sludge removal process;

[0055] FIG. 10 is a graph of the pulsed liquid flow pattern and air flow rate supplied over time; and

[0056] FIG. 11 is a graph of membrane permeability over time comparing cleaning efficiency using a gaslift device and a pulsed gaslift device according to the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0057] Referring to the drawings, FIGS. 1 to 3 show a membrane module arrangement according to one embodiment of the invention.

[0058] The membrane module 5 includes a plurality of permeable hollow fiber membranes bundles 6 mounted in and extending from a lower potting head 7. In this embodiment, the bundles are partitioned to provide spaces 8 between the bundles 6. It will be appreciated that any desirable arrangement of membranes within the module 5 may be used. A number of openings 9 are provided in the lower potting head 7 to allow flow of fluids therethrough from the distribution chamber 10 positioned below the lower potting bead 7.

[0059] A pulsed gas-lift pump device 11 is provided below the distribution chamber 10 and in fluid communication therewith. The pulsed gas-lift pump device 11 includes an inverted gas collection chamber 12 open at its lower end 13 and having a gas inlet port 14 adjacent its upper end. A central riser tube 15 extends through the gas collection chamber 12 and is fluidly connected to the base of distribution chamber 10 and open at its lower end 16. The riser tube 15 is provided with an opening or openings 17 partway along its length. A tubular trough 18 extends around and upward from the riser tube 15 at a location below the openings 17.

[0060] In use, the module 5 is immersed in liquid feed 19 and source of pressurized gas is applied, essentially continuously, to gas inlet port 14. The gas gradually displaces the feed liquid 19 within the inverted gas collection chamber 12 until it reaches the level of the opening 17. At this point, as shown in FIG. 2, the gas breaks the liquid seal across the opening 17 and surges through the opening 17 and upward through the central riser tube 15 creating a pulse of gas bubbles and feed liquid which flows through the distribution chamber 10 and into the base of the membrane module 5. The rapid surge of gas also sucks liquid through the base opening 16 of the riser tube 15 resulting in a high velocity two-phase gas/liquid flow. The two-phase gas/liquid pulse then flows through the openings 9 to scour the surfaces of the membranes 6. The trough 18 prevents immediate resealing of the opening 17 and allows for a continuing flow of the gas/liquid mixture for a short period after the initial pulse.

[0061] The initial surge of gas provides two phases of liquid transfer, ejection and suction. The ejection phase occurs when the bubble slug is initially released into the riser tube 15 creating a strong buoyancy force which ejects gas and liquid rapidly through the riser tube 15 and subsequently through the membrane module 5 to produce an effective cleaning action on the membrane surfaces. The ejection phase is followed by a Suction or siphon phase where the rapid flow of gas out of the riser tube 15 creates a temporary reduction in pressure due to density difference which results in liquid being sucked through the bottom 16 of the riser tube 15. Accordingly, the initial rapid two phase gas/liquid flow is followed by reduced liquid flow which may also draw in further gas through opening 17.

[0062] The gas collection chamber 12 then refills with feed liquid, as shown in FIG. 3, and the process begins again resulting in another pulsing of two-phase gas/liquid cleaning of the membranes 6 within the module 5. Due to the relatively uncontrolled nature of the process, the pulses are generally random in frequency and duration.

[0063] FIG. 4 shows a further modification of the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3. In this embodiment, a hybrid arrangement is provided where, in addition to the pulsed two-phase gas/liquid flow, a steady state supply of gas is fed to the upper or lower portion of the riser tube 15 at port 20 to generate a constant gas/liquid flow through the module 5 supplemented by the intermittent pulsed two-phase gas/liquid flow.

[0064] FIG. 5 shows an array of modules 35 and pump devices 11 of the type described in relation to the embodiment of FIGS. 1 to 3. The modules 5 are positioned in a feed tank 36. In operation, the pulses of gas bubbles produced by each pump device 11 occur randomly for each module 5 resulting in an overall random distribution of pulsed gas bubble generation within the feed tank 36. This produces a constant but randomly or chaotically varying agitation of liquid feed within the feed tank 36.

[0065] FIG. 6 shows an arrangement for use of the invention in a water treatment system using a membrane bioreactor. In this embodiment the pulsed twophase gas liquid flow is provided between a bioreactor tank 21 and membrane tank 22. The tanks are coupled by an inverted gas collection chamber 23 having one vertically extending wall 24 positioned in the bioreactor tank 21 and a second vertically extending wall 25 positioned in the membrane tank 22. Wall 24 extends to a lower depth within the bioreactor tank 21 than does wall 25 within the membrane tank 22. The gas collection chamber 23 is partitioned by a connecting wall 26 between the bioreactor tank 21 and the membrane tank 22 define two compartments 27 and 28. Gas, typically air, is provided to the gas collection chamber 23 through port 29. A membrane filtration module or device 30 is located within the membrane tank 22 above the lower extremity of vertical wall 25.

[0066] In use, gas is provided under pressure to the gas collection chamber 23 through port 29 resulting in the level of water within the chamber 23 being lowered until it reaches the lower end 31 of wall 25. At this stage, the gas escapes rapidly past the wall 25 from compartment 27 and rises through the membrane tank 22 as gas bubbles producing a two-phase gas/liquid flow through the membrane module 30. The surge of gas also produces a rapid reduction of gas within compartment 28 of the gas collection chamber 23 resulting in further water being siphoned from the bioreactor tank 21 and into the membrane tank 22. The flow of gas through port 29 may be controlled by a valve (not shown) connected to a source of gas (not shown). The valve may be operated by a controller device (not shown).

[0067] It will be appreciated the pulsed flow generating cleaning device described in the embodiments above may be used with a variety of known membrane configurations and is not limited to the particular arrangements shown. The device may be directly connected to a membrane module or an assembly of modules. Gas, typically air, is continuously supplied to the device and a pulsed two-phase gas/liquid flow is generated for membrane cleaning and surface refreshment. The pulsed flow is generated through the device using a continuous supply of gas, however, it will be appreciated where a non-continuous supply of gas is used a pulsed flow may also be generated but with a different pattern of pulsing.

[0068] In some applications, it has been found the liquid level inside a pulsed gas-lift pump device 11 fluctuates between levels A and B as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B. Near the top end inside the gas-lift pump device 11, there is typically left a space 37 that liquid phase cannot reach due to gas pocket formation. When such a pump device 11 is operated in high solid environment, such as in membrane bioreactors, scum and/or dehydrated sludge 39 may gradually accumulate in the space 37 at the top end of the pump device 11 and this eventually can lead to blockage of the gas flow channel 40, leading to a reduced pulsing or no pulsed effect at all. FIG. 8 illustrates such a scenario.

[0069] Several methods to overcome this effect have been identified. One method is to locate the gas injection point 38 at a point below the upper liquid level reached during operation, level A in FIGS. 7A and 7B. When the liquid level reaches the gas injection point 38 and above, the gas generates a liquid spray 41 that breaks up possible scum or sludge accumulation near the top end of the pump device 11. FIG. 9 schematically shows such an action. The intensity of spray 41 is related to the gas injection location 38 and the velocity of gas. This method may prevent any long-term accumulation of sludge inside the pump device 11.

[0070] Another method is to periodically vent gas within the pump device 11 to allow the liquid level to reach the top end space 37 inside the pump device 11 during operation. In this case, the injection of gas must be at or near the highest point inside the pump device 11 so that all or nearly all the gas pocket 37 can be vented. The gas connection point 38 shown in FIG. 7 is an example. Depending on the sludge quality, the venting can be performed periodically at varying frequency to prevent the creation of any permanently dried environment inside the pump device.

[0071] It was also noted in operation of the pump device 11 that the liquid level A in FIG. 7 can vary according to the gas flowrate. The higher the gas flowrate, the less the gas pocket formation inside the pump device 11. Accordingly, another method which may be used is to periodically inject a much higher air flow into the pump device 11 during operation to break up dehydrated sludge. Depending on the design of the device, the gas flowrate required for this action is normally around 30% or more higher than the normal operating gas flowrate. This is possible in some plant operations by diverting gas from other membrane tanks to a selected tank to temporarily produce a short, much higher gas flow to break up dehydrated sludge. Alternatively, a standby blower (not shown) can be used periodically to supply more gas flow for a short duration.

[0072] The methods described above can be applied individually or in a combined mode to get a long term stable operation and to eliminate any scum/sludge accumulation inside the pump device 11.

EXAMPLES

[0073] One typical membrane module is composed of hollow fiber membranes, has a total length of 1.6 m and a membrane surface area of 38 m.sup.2. A pulsed flow generating device was connected to the typical membrane module. A paddle wheel flowmeter was located at the lower end of the riser tube to monitor the pulsed liquid flow-rate lifted by gas. FIG. 10 shows a snapshot of the pulsed liquid flow-rate at a constant supply of gas flow at 7.8 Nm.sup.3/hr. The snapshot shows that the liquid flow entering the module had a random or chaotic pattern between highs and lows. The frequency from low to high liquid flow-rates was in the range of about 1 to 4.5 seconds. The actual gas flow-rate released to the module was not measured because it was mixed with liquid, but the flow pattern was expected to be similar to the liquid flowranging between highs and lows in a chaotic nature.

[0074] A comparison of membrane cleaning effect via pulsed and normal airlift devices was conducted in a membrane bioreactor. The membrane filtration cycle was 12 minutes filtration followed by 1 minute relaxation. At each of the air flow-rates, two repeated cycles were tested. The only difference between the two sets of tests was the device connected to the modulea normal gaslift device versus a pulsed gaslift device. The membrane cleaning efficiency was evaluated according to the permeability decline during the filtration. FIG. 11 shows the permeability profiles with the two different gaslift devices at different air flow-rates. It is apparent from these graphs that the membrane fouling rate is less with the pulsed gaslift pump because it provides more stable permeability over time than the normal gaslift pump.

[0075] A further comparison was performed between the performance of a typical cyclic aeration arrangement and the pulsed gas lift aeration of the present invention. The airflow rate was 3 m.sup.3/h for the pulsed airlift, and 6 m.sup.3/h for the cyclic aeration. Cyclic aeration periods of 10 s on/10 s off and 3 s on/3 s off were tested. The cyclic aeration of 10 s on/10 s off was chosen to mimic the actual operation of a large scale plant, with the fastest opening and closing of valves being 10 s. The cyclic aeration of 3 s on/3 s off was chosen to mimic a frequency in the range of the operation of the pulsed airlift device. The performance was tested at a normalised flux of approximately 30 LMH, and included long filtration cycles of 30 minutes.

[0076] Table 1 below summarizes the test results on both pulsed airlift operation and two different frequency cyclic aeration operations. The permeability drop during short filtration and long filtration cycles with pulsed airlift operation was much less significant compared to cyclic aeration operation. Although high frequency cyclic aeration improves the membrane performance slightly, the pulsed airlift operation maintained a much more stable membrane permeability, confirming a more effective cleaning process with the pulsed airlift arrangement.

TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Effect of air scouring mode on membrane performance 3 s on/3 s 10 s on/10 s off off cyclic Operation mode Pulsed airlift cyclic aeration aeration Membrane permeability 1.4-2.2 lmh/bar 3.3-6 lmh/bar 3.6 lmh/bar drop during 12 minute filtration Membrane permeability 2.5-4.8 lmh/bar 10-12 lmh/bar 7.6 lmh/bar drop during 30 minute filtration

[0077] The above examples demonstrate an effective membrane cleaning method with a pulsed flow generating device. With continuous supply of gas to the pulsed flow generating device, a random or chaotic flow pattern is created to effectively clean the membranes. Each cycle pattern of flow is different from the other in duration/frequency, intensity of high and low flows and the flow change profile. Within each cycle, the flow continuously varies from one value to the other in a chaotic fashion.

[0078] It will be appreciated that, although the embodiments described above use a pulsed gas/liquid flow, the invention is effective when using other randomly pulsed fluid flows including gas, gas bubbles and liquid.

[0079] It will be appreciated that further embodiments and exemplifications of the invention are possible without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention described.