Rotational Absorber Device and Method for Scrubbing an Absorbate from a Gas

Abstract

A device and method for scrubbing an absorbate from a gas is described. The rotational absorber device comprises a housing having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, an absorbent liquid inlet and an absorbent liquid outlet; a rotor mounted for rotation in said housing and connecting to the inlets and outlets, the rotor comprising a plurality of scrubbing channels extending axially and parallel to a common rotation axis; and means for rotating the rotor. The device and method provide a scrubbing of the gas with improved selectivity and efficiency.

Claims

1.-23. (canceled)

24. A rotational absorber device for scrubbing an absorbate from a gas, the device comprising a housing having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, an absorbent liquid inlet and means for providing a sustained flow of absorbent liquid to the absorbent liquid inlet, and an absorbent liquid outlet; a rotor mounted for rotation in said housing and connecting to the inlets and outlets, the rotor comprising a plurality of scrubbing channels extending axially and parallel to a common rotation axis, wherein the channels are circumferentially enclosed by walls over an entire axial length of the rotor between the absorbent liquid inlet and the absorbent liquid outlet; wherein the device further comprises means for rotating the rotor causing the absorbent liquid fed to the rotor to be at least partly separated from the gas fed to the rotor, and exit the rotor in the form of absorbent liquid droplets that are propelled radially outwards with respect to a central axis of rotation of the rotor towards the absorbent liquid outlet where the absorbent liquid is discarded.

25. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, wherein the axial length of the rotor and the scrubbing channels ranges from 100-5000 times the cross-sectional width of the channels.

26. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, wherein the gas inlet and the absorbent inlet are located upstream of the rotor, and the gas outlet and the absorbent liquid outlet are located downstream of the rotor.

27. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, further comprising pressurizing means adapted to increase the pressure of the inlet gas.

28. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, wherein the plurality of scrubbing channels amounts to at least 10, more preferably at least 100, and most preferably at least 1000.

29. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, further comprising an absorbent liquid collector that connects to the absorbent liquid outlet.

30. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, wherein the housing comprises a first and a second rotor both mounted for rotation in said housing whereby the second rotor is provided axially downstream from the first rotor.

31. The rotational absorber device according to claim 28, comprising a first and a second absorbent liquid inlet, located upstream of the first and second rotor respectively, and/or a first and a second absorbent liquid outlet, located downstream of the first and second rotor respectively.

32. The rotational absorber device according to claim 29, wherein at least one of the first and second absorbent liquid outlets reconnects to at least one of the first and second absorbent liquid inlets.

33. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24, further comprising flow direction means provided upstream and/or downstream of the rotor, whereby the optionally upstream flow direction means act as means for rotating the rotor, and wherein the flow direction means comprises a volute, a stator blade or an impeller, or a combination of these.

34. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24 for use on vessels.

35. The rotational absorber device according to claim 24 for use in scrubbing SO2 from flue gasses.

36. A vessel provided with the rotational absorber device according to claim 24.

37. A method for scrubbing an absorbate from a gas, the method comprising providing a rotational absorber device in accordance with claim 24, feeding a gas to the gas inlet, selecting an absorbent liquid by the ability of the absorbate to dissolve in the absorbent liquid, feeding a sustained flow of the absorbent liquid to the absorbent liquid inlet, rotating the rotor in said housing which causes the absorbent liquid to confine to an inward facing wall of the scrubbing channels and form a film thereto, allowing molecular transport of absorbate from the gas to the absorbent liquid, causing the absorbent liquid fed to the rotor to be at least partly separated from the gas fed to the rotor and exit the rotor in the form of absorbent liquid droplets that are propelled radially outwards with respect to a central axis of rotation of the rotor towards the absorbent liquid outlet, and exiting the gas through the gas outlet and the absorbent liquid through the absorbent liquid outlet.

38. The method according to claim 37, wherein the absorbate comprises methanol.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

[0042] The above brief description, as well as other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully appreciated by reference to the following detailed description of presently preferred, but nonetheless illustrative embodiments, when taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings wherein:

[0043] FIG. 1A is a schematic top view of a rotating absorber device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0044] FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a cross-section along a plane A-A of the embodiment shown in FIG. 1A;

[0045] FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional side view of another embodiment of the rotating absorber device according to the invention,

[0046] FIG. 3 is a schematic side view of yet another embodiment of the rotating absorber device according to the invention,

[0047] FIG. 4A is a schematic top view of a rotating absorber device according to another embodiment of the present invention; and

[0048] FIG. 4B is a schematic cross-sectional side view of a cross-section along a plane A-A of the embodiment shown in FIG. 4A.

DETAILED DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION

[0049] Referring to FIGS. 1A and 1B, a rotating absorber device 100 according to an embodiment of the invention is shown. The device 100 comprises a cylindrical housing 16 in which a rotor 17 is mounted on a shaft 18 supported by bearings 19. The rotor 17 consists of a large number of axially extending scrubbing channels 1, arranged parallel to a rotation axis 20. The channels 1 are dimensioned such that a potentially turbulent flow may be achieved in the channels 1.

[0050] The rotor 17 is fixed to the shaft 18 which is rotatably mounted in the bearings 19, and which can be externally driven, if desired. Possible leakage between rotor 17 and housing 16 may be prevented by a suitable sealing arrangement. The housing 16 is provided with a gas inlet 2 and a gas outlet 3. The gas inlet 2 consists of a duct that is tangentially positioned at position 4 in the cylindrical housing 16 at an upstream end thereof to induce a swirling rotational motion of the incoming gas in the housing 16. The swirling gas motion induces a rotation of the rotor 17 within the housing 16 without any external driving means such as a rotational motor.

[0051] The gas outlet configuration 3 is a mirror image of the gas inlet configuration 2 and comprises a duct that is tangentially positioned at position 5 in the cylindrical housing 16 at a downstream end thereof to direct the outcoming gas from a swirling rotational motion into a translating motion while leaving the housing 16 at position 5.

[0052] Apart from the tangential inlets 2 and outlets 3, rotational gas motion can also be generated and nullified by stationary curved blades (not shown) provided at an upstream end and a downstream end of the rotor 17. The inner part of the static blade construction may contain the bearings 19 of the rotor 17.

[0053] On top of the housing 16 at the upstream end thereof, an inlet 6 for (fresh) absorbent liquid 21 is provided. In the embodiment shown, the liquid 21 is sprayed on top of the rotor 17 according to arrow 23 by a suitable spraying arrangement. The liquid 21 is sprayed on top of the rotor 16 whereby a rotation of the rotor around the axis 20 provides for an even distribution of liquid 21 over the channels 1. At the downstream side of the rotor 16, the absorber liquid 21 that now contains absorbate (denoted as absorbate-containing liquid 22) leaves the facing wall of a cylindrical shell 7 that forms an axial extension of the outer boundary wall of the rotor 16. At an inner side of the cylindrical shell 7 wall, a new film of absorbate-containing liquid 22 forms that breaks up at an outer end of the cylindrical shell 7 wall and is propelled as droplets to a liquid collection chamber 8 in the form of a cylindrical ridge provided inside the housing 17. The absorbent liquid leaves the housing 16 at outlet 13.

[0054] As an alternative to the vertical arrangement shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, the rotational absorber device 100 according to an embodiment may be positioned horizontally. The flow of liquid 21 inside the channels 1 is controlled by centrifugal forces and shear forces exerted by the gas flowing inside the channels 1 of the rotor 17. When leaving the channels 1 of the rotor 17, the motion of the absorbate-containing liquid 22 and liquid droplets is governed by centrifugal forces. Gravitation becomes important only when the liquid flow is brought to rest in collection tanks (not shown) provided outside the rotational absorber device.

[0055] An external drive or engine may be used when there is a need to rotate the rotor 17 independently of the gas flow. Such means for rotating the rotor may in such an embodiment be connected to the rotor 17 through a magnetic coupling for instance. No shaft piercing through the housing 16 is needed in such embodiment, thus keeping the advantage of preventing the use of complicated. sealing arrangements to prevent escape of gasses.

[0056] Because of the small cross-sectional width of the channels 1, the gas will exert a rather strong shear force on the liquid 21 while travelling down the rotor 17 form the upstream end to the downstream end. This will cause the liquid 21 to flow in the same (downstream) direction 24 as the gas. To improve the efficiency of the scrubbing operation, and referring to FIG. 2, an embodiment of the rotational absorber device 100 may comprise a first absorbent liquid inlet 6 for absorbent liquid 21a, and a second absorbent liquid inlet 14 for absorbent liquid 21b, located upstream of a first rotor 17a and a second rotor 17b respectively, both provided on a common shaft 18. A first absorbent liquid outlet 13 is provided at a downstream end of the first rotor 17a, whereas a second absorbent liquid outlet 15 is provided downstream of the second rotor 17b, which outlet 15 reconnects to the first inlet 6. The gas enters the device 100 tangentially at the top of the device 100 at inlet 9, and leaves the device 100 at the bottom through outlet 10. The rotating rotors 17a and 17b have been mounted on a common shaft 18 at a top end 11 and a bottom end 12. The rotors 17a and 17b are kept at an axial distance from each other to enable the provision of outlets 13 for removing liquid exiting from the first rotor 17a, and to inject fresh liquid 21b trough inlets 14 to an upstream end of the second rotor 17b. The gas exiting the first rotor 17a enters the second rotor 17b, while fresh absorbent liquid 21b is fed through inlet 14 to the second rotor 17b. When leaving the second rotor 17b, the partly used absorbent liquid is returned to the first rotor 17a and leaves this rotor 17a as more completely or even fully utilized absorbent liquid 22b.

[0057] The amount of rotors mounted in series on an optionally common shaft may be extended to more than two in order to approximate the configuration of countercurrent absorption in more detail. It is possible therefore to adopt a rotational absorber device that comprises at least two rotors in series, more preferably at least three rotors in series, and even more preferably at least five rotors in series.

[0058] A third embodiment of a rotational absorber 100 is shown in FIG. 3. The gas pressure of an incoming gas flow 26 is increased by compression means in the form of a compressor 25 and the pressurized gas enters via gas inlet 2 the housing 16 of the rotor of the rotational absorber 100 according to the invention. Fresh scrubbing fluid or absorbent liquid enters the housing 16 via inlet 6 to remove a contaminant in the gas. Cleaned gas leaves via gas outlet 3 and utilized absorber fluid via outlet 13. The compressor 25 is used to establish a turbulent flow in the scrubbing channels of the rotor of the rotational absorber 100.

[0059] Referring to FIGS. 4A and 4B, a rotating absorber device 100 according to yet another embodiment of the invention is shown. The device 100 is similar to the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B except for two differences. First, the housing 16 is provided with a gas inlet 2 that consists of a duct, tangentially positioned at position 4 in the cylindrical housing 16 at a downstream end thereof to induce a swirling rotational motion of the incoming gas in the housing 16. The gas outlet configuration 3 is a mirror image of the gas inlet configuration 2 and comprises a duct that is tangentially positioned at position 5 in the cylindrical housing 16 at an upstream end thereof to direct the outcoming gas from a swirling rotational motion into a translating motion while leaving the housing 16 at position 5.

[0060] As with the embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 1B, an inlet 6 for (fresh) absorbent liquid 21 is provided on top of the housing 16 at the upstream end thereof. At the downstream side of the rotor 16, the absorber liquid 21 that now contains absorbate (denoted as absorbate-containing liquid 22) leaves the facing wall of a cylindrical shell 7 that forms an axial extension of the outer boundary wall of the rotor 16. At an inner side of the cylindrical shell 7 wall, a new film of absorbate-containing liquid 22 forms that breaks up at an outer end of the cylindrical shell 7 wall and is propelled as droplets to a liquid collection chamber 8 in the form of a cylindrical ridge provided inside the housing 17. The absorbent liquid leaves the housing 16 at outlet 13.

[0061] The embodiment of FIGS. 4A and 4B allows a counter-current operation of the scrubbing device by injecting absorbent liquid at the top (upstream end) of the device which flows downward while gas which is injected at the bottom (downstream end) of the device flows upward. A fan may be provided to impose a pressure difference and assist the gas flow. Scrubbed gas leaves the rotating element at the top and liquid loaded with absorbate leaves at the bottom.

[0062] A second difference between the embodiment of FIGS. 1A and 1B, and that of FIGS. 4A and 4B is that the latter comprises a return conduit 27 for overflow of absorbent liquid. The return conduit 27 connects to the housing 16 at an upward end of the rotor 17 and to the inlet 6 provided on top of the housing 16 at the upstream end thereof. Overflowing absorbent liquid is returned to the inlet 6 through the conduit 27.

[0063] Overflow of absorbent liquid may occur when operating the device in counter-current and turbulent conditions, as explained below. Turbulent gas flow in the channels will prevail when the Reynolds number is sufficiently large. For practically realistic values of flow velocity and channel diameter, a pressure in the channels of 2, 3, 4 and up to 5 bar may be needed to have a sufficiently large value of the gas density to end up with turbulent flow. At increased pressure and density combined with turbulent flow, the shear force acting by the upward streaming gas on the liquid film formed in the channels will be large to the extent that gas and liquid flow may flow in the same direction, i.e. both upwards. Even when the channels are oriented in a vertical direction, the force of gravity acting on the absorbent liquid in the channels may not be large enough to result in a downward flow of absorbent liquid opposite to the upward flow of gas. Counter-current flow in the channels may even be impossible in certain cases. On the other hand, at more moderate pressures of below 5 bar for instance, more preferably below 4, bar, even more preferably below 3 bar and most preferably below 2 bar, the upward gas flow is prevailingly laminar and the shear force exerted by the upward streaming gas on the absorbent liquid film in the channels may no longer exceed the force of gravity.

[0064] The rotating absorber device may be applied to remove unwanted gaseous constituents from a gas. An example is scrubbing residual gaseous methanol that is present in the gas stream of a methanol-producing plant. The amount of gaseous methanol is typically 0.8% in a gas stream of 45 Nm.sup.3/s at 55 bar and ambient temperature. The rotational absorber device 100 reduces the concentration of methanol to 0.04% using water as absorbent liquid at a rate of 21/s sprayed on top of a rotor 17 rotating at 800 revs/minute in the configuration shown in FIG. 1. The rotor 17 comprises 45000 capillary cylindrical channels 1 of 1.8 mm diameter, and wall thickness of 0.1 mm, braised together in a cylindrical shell of 0.45 in diameter with an axial length of 0.35 in.

[0065] The rotational absorber device according to the invention serves as an improvement over conventional scrubbing devices and methods based on spray towers and wet columns, that are frequently used in industry. Non-limiting examples of applications for the present invention include scrubbing of gases containing CO2, ammonia, water vapor, methanol, SO2, H2S, and the like. The invented device has favorable dimensions and operational conditions for removing gaseous contaminants from relatively small gas outlets and for indoor gas cleaning. The device may also be used for scrubbing of SO2 from flue gasses. The relatively small size of the invented device is particularly advantageous for application on vessels and for other marine applications.