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ENHANCED CELL SURVIVAL AGAINST BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES THROUGH SALICYLICK ACID-INDUCED NPR1 CONDENSATES

20230227838 · 2023-07-20

    Inventors

    Cpc classification

    International classification

    Abstract

    The present disclosure describes compositions and methods for promoting cell survival against biotic and abiotic stress and during plant immune responses.

    Claims

    1. A nucleic acid encoding a npr1 protein, wherein the npr1 protein forms salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates.

    2. (canceled)

    3. The nucleic acid of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid is operably linked to one or more expression control elements selected from the group consisting of: a promoter, one or more upstream open reading frames (uORFs), or the promoter and the one or more uORFs.

    4. The nucleic acid of claim 3, wherein the promoter is selected from the group consisting of: a constitutive promoter, an inducible promoter, a temporally-regulated promoter, a developmentally regulated promoter, a chemically regulated promoter, a tissue-preferred promoter, a tissue-specific promoter, a TBF1 promoter, a 35S promoter, a ubiquitin promoter, a tCUP cryptic constitutive promoter, a Rsyn7 promoter, a pathogen-inducible promoter, a maize In2-2 promoter, a tobacco PR-1a promoter, a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter, an estrogen-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-repressible promoter, a T3 promoter, a T7 promoter, and a SP6 promoter.

    5. (canceled)

    6. The nucleic acid of claim 3, wherein the uORF comprises a TBF1 gene uORF.

    7. The nucleic acid of claim 5, wherein the expression control elements comprise the TBF1 promoter and one or more TBF1 uORFs.

    8. (canceled)

    9. The nucleic acid of claim 1, wherein the npr1 protein comprises one or more mutations in at least one redox-sensitive intrinsically disordered region (RDR), wherein the one or more mutations reduce the redox-sensitivity of the RDR.

    10. The nucleic acid of claim 9, wherein the one or more mutations comprises a substitution of one or more cysteines in at least one RDR, a deletion of one or more cysteines in at least one RDR, or a combination thereof.

    11. The nucleic acid of claim 10, wherein the one or more cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160, 368-404, or 510-539 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

    12. (canceled)

    13. The nucleic acid of claim 9, wherein the npr1 protein has increased interaction with CUL3 compared to wild-type NPR1 in the absence of salicylic acid.

    14. (canceled)

    15. The nucleic acid of claim 11, wherein the npr1 protein comprises a mutation of a cysteine corresponding to the cysteine at position 378, of SEQ ID NO: 1, position 385 of SEQ ID NO: 1, position 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 378 and 385 of SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 378 and 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 385 and 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or positions 378, 385, and 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or positions 150, 155, 156, and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1.

    16. (canceled)

    17. The nucleic acid of claim 15, wherein the mutation of the cysteine comprises an alanine substitution.

    18. (canceled)

    19. The nucleic acid of claim 1, wherein the nucleic acid encodes a ΔCTD npr1 ΔCTD protein, a BTB domain npr1 protein, or a sim3 npr1 protein.

    20. The nucleic acid of claim 1, where the nucleic acid encodes: (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160 or an ortholog thereof; or (b) a protein having at least 70% identity to a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160.

    21. (canceled)

    22. A plant or plant cell expressing the nucleic acid of claim 1.

    23. (canceled)

    24. The plant or plant cell of claim 22, wherein the plant is a food crop plant, a biofuel plant, a corn plant, a legume plant, a bean plant, a rice plant, a soybean plant, a cotton plant, a sugarcane plant, a tobacco plant, a palm oil plant, a date palm, a wheat, a vegetable plant, a squash plant, a Solanaceae plant, a tomato, a banana plant, a potato plant, a pepper plant, a moss plant, a parsley plant, a sunflower plant, a mustard plant, a sorghum plant, a millet plant, a citrus plant, an apple plant, a strawberry plant, a rapeseed plant, a cabbage plant, a cassava plant, a coffee plant, a sweet potato plant, a jatropha plant, or a switchgrass plant.

    25. (canceled)

    26. (canceled)

    27. A method of increasing stress tolerance in a plant, comprising expressing in the plant the nucleic acid of claim 1.

    28. The method of claim 27, wherein the stress is biotic or abiotic stress.

    29. The method of claim 28, wherein the biotic stress comprises pathogen infection.

    30. (canceled)

    31. The method of claim 28, wherein the abiotic stress comprises high temperature (heat shock) stress, low temperature (cold shock) stress, oxidative stress, or DNA damage.

    32. The method of claim 27, wherein increasing stress tolerance comprises one or more of: decreasing programmed cell death, decreasing effector-triggered immunity (ETI)-induced cell death, increasing formation of NPR1 condensates, and degrading EDS1 and specific WRKY transcription factors required for pathogen ETI.

    33. (canceled)

    34. The method of claim 27, wherein the plant is a food crop plant, a biofuel plant, a corn plant, a legume plant, a bean plant, a rice plant, a soybean plant, a cotton plant, a sugarcane plant, a tobacco plant, a palm oil plant, a date palm, a wheat, a vegetable plant, a squash plant, a Solanaceae plant, a tomato, a banana plant, a potato plant, a pepper plant, a moss plant, a parsley plant, a sunflower plant, a mustard plant, a sorghum plant, a millet plant, a citrus plant, an apple plant, a strawberry plant, a rapeseed plant, a cabbage plant, a cassava plant, a coffee plant, a sweet potato plant, a jatropha plant, or a switchgrass plant.

    35. (canceled)

    36. (canceled)

    Description

    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

    [0015] The accompanying Figures and Examples are provided by way of illustration and not by way of limitation. The foregoing aspects and other features of the disclosure are explained in the following description, taken in connection with the accompanying example figures (also “FIG.”) relating to one or more embodiments, in which:

    [0016] FIGS. 1A-1K show NPR1 is required for cell survival and accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins. In FIGS. 1A-1C, half leaves (left side) of Col-0, npr1-2 and sid2-2 plants were infiltrated with (mock) or Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 (Avr). At 2 dpi, the adjacent leaf halves were infiltrated with the same pathogen. Cell death was assessed by tissue collapse at 1 dpi (FIG. 1A) and conductivity assay (FIG. 1B). Growth of Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 (Tetr) was measured in the adjacent leaf halves after the first inoculation with Psm ES4326/AvrRpm1 (Avr; Kanr) (FIG. 1C). Data are presented as mean±SD (FIG. 1B), and mean±95% confidence intervals (FIG. 1C). In FIG. 1D, half leaves of plants expressing dex:AvrRpt2 in Col-0, npr1-2, and rps2 were inoculated as in FIG. 1B. At 2 dpi, the adjacent leaf halves were infiltrated with 25 mM dexamethasone (dex) and cell death was assessed as in FIG. 1B. Data are presented as mean±SD. In FIGS. 1E-1G, Col-0, rps2 and npr1-2 plants were treated with water (mock) or 1 mM SA 24 hr before inoculation with Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2. Cell death was assessed by trypan blue staining (FIG. 1E) and conductivity assay (FIG. 1F). Bacterial growth was measured at 1 dpi (FIG. 1G). Data are presented as mean±SD (FIG. 1F), and mean±95% confidence intervals (FIG. 1G). In FIG. 1H, plants expressing dex:AvrRpt2 in Col-0, npr1-2 and rps2 were treated as in FIGS. 1E-1G before treatment with 25 μM dexamethasone (dex). Cell death was assessed as in FIG. 1B. Data are presented as mean±SD. In FIGS. 1I-1J, Ws-2 (FIG. 1I) or Col-0 and npr1-2 (FIG. 1J), were treated as in FIGS. 1E-1G before inoculation with Pf Pf0-1/AvrRps4 or Pf Pf0-1/AvrRps4KRVY-AAAA. Cell death was assessed as in FIG. 1B. Data are presented as mean±SD. In FIG. 1K, Col-0 and npr1-2 plants were treated with SA for 6 hr. Total proteins were probed with α-Ub and α-NPR1. See also FIGS. 8A-8E.

    [0017] FIGS. 2A-2I show NPR1 accumulates in the cytoplasm and forms cysteine-dependent condensates. FIG. 2A shows subcellular fractionation of Col-0 after 6 hr SA treatment. Cytoplasmic (C), nuclear (N) and combined (C+N) fractions were probed with α-NPR1 and α-Ub antibodies. Band intensities (b.i.)in the upper blot are shown as percentages of the combined C+N levels. The middle blot (a longer exposure of the upper blot) shows the higher MW NPR1 bands. FIG. 2B shows localization of NPR1-GFP and sim3-GFP in transient expression in Col-0 seedlings treated with SA for 2 hr. Scale bar=20 μm. FIGS. 2C-2E show single-cell time-lapse imaging of NPR1-GFP condensation induced by 5 mM SA. Imaging was started 40 min after SA induction (time 0) for a duration of 2 hr. Images from selected time points (FIG. 2C), fluorescence intensity per body (FIG. 2D) and number of bodies (FIG. 2E) are shown. Scale bar=20 μm. Data are presented as mean±SE (FIG. 2D). FIG. 2F shows predicted RDR regions of NPR1. Values represent differential IDR score. Dots indicate position of cysteine residues (red), and known point mutations and their alleles (black). FIGS. 2G and 2H show localization of NPR1-GFP and rdr3-GFP after treatment with 5 mM SA for 2 hr (FIG. 2G). Scale bar=20 μm. Insets show enlarged nuclei at lower exposure. FIG. 2H shows total fluorescence intensity of bodies from SA-treated samples. Data are presented as mean±SE. FIG. 2I shows transactivation of the PR1 promoter by NPR1 and rdr3 after treatment with 2 mM SA for 24 hr. Values represent the PR1 promoter activity plotted relative to free HA. Data are represented as mean±SD. See also FIGS. 8A-8E, 9A-9E and 10A-10I; Tables 3 and 4.

    [0018] FIGS. 3A-3F show NPR1 condensates are enriched in stress proteins. FIG. 3A shows functional categorization of sim3-GFP interactome (SINC components). The relative sizes of functional groups (left) and the number of proteins at their intersection (right) are shown. FIG. 3B shows representative SINC components from four major functional groups. Black dots indicate confirmed localization in cytoplasmic NPR1 condensates. FIG. 3C shows co-localization of sim3-GFP with free mCherry or mCherry-fused SINC components, EDS1, BCS1, GSTU19 after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Scale bar=20 μm. In FIGS. 3D-3F, Col-0 and npr1-2 plants were treated with water (mock) or 1 mM SA 24 hr before inducing cell death with indicated stresses. Cell death was assessed by conductivity assay. Data are presented as mean±SD. See also FIGS. 11A-11H; Table 5.

    [0019] FIGS. 4A-4L show NPR1 recruits CUL3 to its cytoplasmic condensates. FIG. 4A shows interaction of Myc-CUL3 with HA-fused NPR1 or its variants in N. benthamiana. Plants were treated with water (−) or 1 mM SA (+) for 5 hr before co-IP. FIG. 4B shows interaction of GFP-fused NPR1, sim3 and ABTB with the endogenous CUL3 in transgenic Arabidopsis. Plants were treated with 1 mM SA for 24 hr before co-IP. FIG. 4C shows interaction of Myc-CUL3 with GST-fused NPR1 or its variants in E. coli. Total protein from E. coli co-expressing Myc-CUL3 with either of GST-NPR1 variants or GST was used in the pull-down assay. FIG. 4D shows inhibition of CUL3-BTB interaction by the CTD in N. benthamiana. The three proteins, Myc-CUL3, BTB-HA and CTD-GFP, were co-expressed at 1:1:0 (0), 1:1:0.25 (1/4), 1:1:0.5 (1/2) and 1:1:1 (1) ratios, respectively, before co-IP. FIGS. 4E-4F show interaction of CUL3 with NPR1, sim3 or S55/59D in the BiFC assay after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Scale bar=10 μm. BiFC signal intensity was quantified and values are plotted relative to CUL3/NPR1 (FIG. 4F). Data are presented as mean±SE. FIG. 4G shows localization of NPR1-GFP, sim3-GFP and S55/59D-GFP in N. benthamiana treated with water (mock) or 5 mM SA for 2 hr. Scale bar=10 μm. FIG. 4H shows interaction of Myc-CUL3 with HA-fused NPR1 or rdr mutants in N. benthamiana after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr before co-IP. FIGS. 4I-4L show localization of GFP-CUL3 in NbNPR1-silenced N. benthamiana after treatment with 5 mM SA for 2 hr (FIG. 4I). Scale bar=20 μm. Total fluorescence intensity per body (FIG. 4J) and number of bodies per cell (FIG. 4K) were quantified relative to the E.V. control. Data are presented as mean±SE. Expression levels were verified by GFP-CUL3 immunoblotting (FIG. 4L). See also FIGS. 12A-12D and 13A-13F.

    [0020] FIGS. 5A-5E show NPR1-CUL3 cytoplasmic condensates are active ubiquitination complexes. FIG. 5A shows co-localization of CUL3/sim3 BiFC bodies with mCherry-fused organelle and protein body markers in N. benthamiana treated with 1 mM SA for 5 hr SA. Scale bar=20 μm. Representative co-localizations with Ubiquitin and NBR1 are shown (left). FIG. 5B shows co-localization of sim3-GFP with mCherry-NBR1 in the presence of Myc-CUL3 or free Myc in N. benthamiana treated with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Scale bar=20 μm. FIG. 5C shows interaction between Myc-CUL3 and HA-fused NPR1 or sim3 in N. benthamiana treated with SA for 5 hr before the pull-down assay (upper panels). Total ubiquitination was tested in the “input” fractions (lower panels). FIG. 5D shows total ubiquitination in N. benthamiana expressing Myc-CUL3 or Myc-CUL3ARBX1, sim3-GFP or GFP, and V5-Ub, after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. FIG. 5E shows total ubiquitination in the NbCUL3-silenced N. benthamiana or in the E.V. control expressing sim3-GFP and V5-Ub, after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. See also FIGS. 13A-13F.

    [0021] FIGS. 6A-6I show SINC-localized proteins are targeted for degradation by NPR1-CRL3. FIG. 6A shows interaction of EDS1-mCherry with HA-fused NPR1 or sim3 in N. benthamiana after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr before co-IP. FIG. 6B shows interaction of EDS1 with NPR1 in E. coli. Total protein from E. coli co-expressing FLAG-EDS1 with GST-NPR1 or GST was used for pull-down assay. FIG. 6C shows co-localization of NPR1/CUL3 or sim3/CUL3 BiFC bodies with EDS1-mCherry after treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Values quantified from free mCherry samples (not shown) are included in the quantification. Scale bar=20 μm. FIG. 6D shows stability of EDS1 in Col-0 or npr1-2 mutant. Seedlings were incubated in water (−) or 1 mM SA (+) for 4 hr, with (+) or without (−) subsequent addition of 100 μM cycloheximide (CHX). After 16 hours of co-incubation, total protein was probed with α-EDS1 and α-NPR1 antibodies. FIG. 6E shows ubiquitination of EDS1 in Col-0, npr1-2 and eds1-2 mutants treated with water (Mock) or 1 mM SA for 6 hr. FIG. 6F shows co-localization of sim3/CUL3 BiFC bodies with mCherry-fused WRKY54 or WRKY70 in N. benthamiana treated with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Scale bar=20 μm. FIG. 6G shows stability of WRKY70-GFP in Col-0 or npr1-2 mutant. Seedlings were treated with 1 mM SA or 50 μM MG132 or in combination for 24 hr, and total protein was probed with α-GFP, α-NPR1 and α-TUB antibodies. FIG. 6H shows ubiquitination of WRKY70-GFP in Col-0 or npr1-2 mutant treated with 1 mM SA for 24 h before immunoprecipitation of WRKY70-GFP under denaturing conditions (dn). FIG. 6I shows NPR1- and sim3-dependent ubiquitination of FLAG-WRKY70 by the NPR1-CRL3 ubiquitination reconstituted in E. coli. FLAG-WRKY70 was immunoprecipitated under denaturing conditions (dn) using α-FLAG beads. See also FIGS. 14A-14D.

    [0022] FIGS. 7A-7D show NPR1 promotes survival during ETI by targeting WRKY54 and WRKY70. In FIGS. 7A-7C, Col-0, rps2, npr1-2, wrky54 wrky70 (w54w70), and npr1 wrky54 wrky70 (n1w54w70) plants were treated with water (mock) or 1 mM SA 24 hr before inoculation with Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2. Cell death was assessed by trypan blue staining (FIG. 7A) and conductivity assay (FIG. 7B). Bacterial growth was measured at 1 dpi (FIG. 7C). Data are presented as mean±SD (FIG. 7B), and mean±95% confidence intervals (FIG. 7C). FIG. 7D shows a proposed model for NPR1 function in promoting cell survival during ETI. “P”, phosphorylation at S55/59; “S”, SUMOylation; “U”, ubiquitination; “W”, WRKY TFs; “NPR1C”, NPR1 condensate.

    [0023] FIGS. 8A-8E show effect of SA and NPR1 on ETI-triggered cell death. Related to FIGS. 1A-1K and 2A-2I. In FIG. 8A, half leaves (left side) of plants expressing est:AvrRpt2 in Col-0, sid2-2 and rps2 backgrounds were infiltrated with MgSO4 (mock) or Psm ES4326/AvrRpm1

    [0024] (Avr). At 2 dpi, the adjacent halves were infiltrated with 50 μM estradiol, followed by cell death measurement using the conductivity assay. Data are presented as mean±SD. In FIG. 8B, Col-0 and npr1-2 plants were treated with indicated concentrations of SA (mM) 24 hr before inoculation with Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2. Cell death was measured using the conductivity assay. Data are presented as mean±SD. In FIG. 8C, the ATR1/RPP1 effector/receptor pair was expressed in the NbNPR1-silenced N. benthamiana or E.V. control. At 20 hpi, tissue was sampled and cell death was measured using the conductivity assay in the presence or absence of 1 mM SA (SA or mock, respectively) at 0 and 24 hr after sampling. Data are presented as mean±SD. In FIG. 8D, Col-0 plants were treated with SA for 6 hr, and leaf tissue was used for subcellular fractionation. Proteins from cytoplasmic and nuclear fractions were run on low-resolution gel and probed with α-NPR1 and α-Ub antibodies. In FIG. 8E, the sim3-GFP/npr1-2 transgenic plant was infected at the tip with Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2. At 24 hpi, tissue was sampled from the death-survival boundary (diagram), stained with propidium iodide (PI) to distinguish dead cells (stained nuclei) from living cells (stained apoplast), and imaged. GFP and PI signals were captured from 20 consecutive confocal planes along the Z-axis and across a defined region in the XY-plane covering both dead and living cells (dashed line). Z-projection and XY-stitching were performed to produce the final image. Enlargements from regions adjacent to- and distant from the cell death zone (dashed rectangles) are shown in bottom panels. Scale bar=100 μm (top panels); 20 μm (bottom panels).

    [0025] FIGS. 9A-9E show formation of cytoplasmic condensates correlates with predicted redox-sensitive disordered regions in NPR proteins. Related to FIGS. 2A-2I. FIGS. 9A-9C show localization of GFP-fused Arabidopsis NPR1-6 in N. benthamiana after treatment with water (mock) or 5 mM SA for 2 hr (FIG. 9A). Scale bar=10 μm. Insets show enlarged nuclei at lower exposure to visualize the nuclear bodies. FIG. 9B shows quantification of cytoplasmic bodies from the SA-treated samples. Data are presented as mean±SE. FIG. 9C shows validation of NPR-GFP fusion protein expression levels by GFP immunoblotting. FIG. 9D shows interaction of NPR1 with its paralogs NPR2-6 in BiFC assay. Imaging was done after treatment with water (mock) or 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Scale bar=10 μm. FIG. 9E shows prediction of redox-sensitive disorder regions (RDRs) in NPRs (NPR1-6) with the IUPred2a algorithm (iupred2a.elte.hu/). Values represent disorder score predicted for each protein with WT (redox plus) or mutated (redox minus) cysteines. Orange bars indicate the size and position of the identified putative RDRs (shaded regions) with disorder scores>0.5.

    [0026] FIGS. 10A-10I show analysis of rdr mutants. Related to FIGS. 2A-2I. FIGS. 10A-10C show localization of NPR1-GFP, rdr1-GFP, rdr2-GFP and rdr3-GFP in N. benthamiana in the absence of SA (FIG. 10A). Scale bar=20 μm. FIG. 10B shows quantification of total fluorescence intensity from each body. Values are plotted relative to NPR1-GFP. Data are presented as mean±SE. Validation of fusion protein expression levels by GFP immunoblotting. sim3-GFP is included as a control. FIG. 10D shows nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of NPR1-GFP, rdr1-GFP, rdr2-GFP and rdr3-GFP expressed in N. benthamiana in the absence of SA. Total fluorescence intensities from nuclei were quantified as a fraction of total fluorescence intensity of the entire cell. FIG. 10E shows transactivation of the PR1 promoter by NPR1, rdr1-3, sim3 and S55/59D after treatment with 2 mM SA for 24 hr. Values represent the PR1 promoter activity measured as ratio of F-LUC and R-LUC activities and plotted relative to free HA. Data are presented as mean±SD. FIG. 10F shows morphology of npr1-2 mutant and transgenic plants expressing NPR1-GFP, rdr1-GFP, rdr2-GFP and rdr3-GFP in the npr1-2 background. In FIGS. 10G-10I, the npr1-2 mutant and transgenic plants expressing NPR1-GFP/npr1-2, rdr1-GFP/npr1-2 [lines #15 and #18] (FIG. 10G), rdr2-GFP/npr1-2 [lines #8 and #17] (FIG. 10H) and rdr3-GFP/npr1-2 [lines #5 and #8] (FIG. 10D were treated with 1 mM SA 24 hr before inoculation with Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2. Cell death was monitored using the conductivity assay starting at 1 hpi. Data are presented as mean±SD.

    [0027] FIGS. 11A-11H show sample preparation, quality test, and GO term analysis of the sim3-GFP interactome. Related to FIGS. 3A-3F. In FIG. 11A, transgenic plants expressing sim3-GFP in WT NPR1 background (sim3-GFP/Col-0) were treated with water (mock) or 1 mM SA for 24 hr, and subcellular localization of sim3-GFP was analyzed. Scale bar=20 μm. In FIG. 11B, total protein was extracted from plants in FIG. 11A, subjected to SDS-PAGE and probed with an α-Ub antibody. Tubulin detected by an α-TUB antibody was used as a loading control. In FIG. 11C, sim3-GFP was immunoprecipitated using GFP-trap beads in three replicate reactions (1, 2, 3) from the extracts in FIG. 11B. A 5 μl aliquot of the beads from each reaction was subjected to SDS-PAGE and silver-stained. The sim3-GFP band (˜94 kDa) is indicated by the red triangle. FIGS. 11D-11E show principal component analysis (PCA) (FIG. 11D) and two-dimensional hierarchical clustering (FIG. 11E) of proteins identified in the sim3-GFP interactome with >2-fold change between SA and mock at p<0.05. For each replicate, values represent intensities detected for individual proteins normalized to the intensity of the bait protein sim3-GFP in the same sample. FIGS. 11F-11H show Gene Ontology (GO) terms of the sim3-GFP interactome. List of proteins (171) identified in the sim3-GFP interactome were submitted to the ShinyGO v0.60: Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis tool (bioinformatics.sdstate.edu/go/) using default parameters. A Fisher's exact test was applied to identify most enriched GO terms in Biological Process (FIG. 11F), Molecular Function (FIG. 11G), and Cellular Component (FIG. 11H) categories.

    [0028] FIGS. 12A-12D show in planta screen of NPR1 mutants for interaction with CUL3. Related to FIGS. 4A-4L. FIG. 12A shows a diagram of NPR1 protein truncations and point mutants used in the screen for interaction with CUL3. FIG. 12B shows representative subcellular localization patterns of GFP-fused WT NPR1, its truncations and point mutants depicted in FIG. 12A after 1 mM SA treatment. Fusion proteins expressed in N. benthamiana followed by treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr before imaging. Scale bar=10 μm. FIG. 12C shows interaction between Myc-CUL3 or GFP-CUL3 and HA-tagged NPR1 truncations and point mutant variants. Proteins were expressed in N. benthamiana followed by treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr and co-IP with α-HA beads (above). Summary table of co-IP results (below). Letters in the table indicate the predominant subcellular localization for each GFP-fused NPR1 variant: C, cytoplasm; N, nucleus; C/N, cytoplasm and nucleus. Numbers in the table represent interaction strength for each variant quantified using the CUL3 band intensity pulled down by WT NPR1 as 1. FIG. 12D shows localization of ACTD-GFP in N. benthamiana treated with water (mock) or with 1 mM SA for 5 hr before imaging. Scale bar=10 μm.

    [0029] FIGS. 13A-13F show analysis of NPR-CUL3 interactions. Related to FIGS. 4A-4L and 5A-5E. FIG. 13A shows interaction between NPR1 and NPR1-4 in BiFC assay was performed in N. benthamiana. The free mCherry, nYFP-fused CUL3 (YN-CUL3) and cYFP-fused NPR1 (NPR1-YC), NPR2 (NPR2-YC), NPR3 (NPR3-YC) and NPR4 (NPR4-YC) were co-expressed and images were captured from leaves treated with 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Scale bar=10 μm. FIG. 13B shows interaction of Myc-CUL3 with NPR1-HA, NPR2-HA, NPR3-HA, NPR4-HA, NPRS-HA, NPR6-HA or sim3-HA in N. benthamiana. Plants were treated with 1 mM SA for 5 hr followed by co-IP performed on total protein using α-HA beads. FIG. 13C shows images of plants 10 days after inoculation with VIGS (virus-induced gene silencing) vectors carrying the NbNPR1, NbCUL3 or NbPDS (phytoene desaturase) RNAi fragment. Silencing of NbCUL3 caused delay in plant growth, consistent with the essential role of CUL3-dependent ubiquitination. Scale bar=4 cm. FIG. 13D shows validation of gene silencing by qPCR analysis of NbNPR1 (left) and NbPR1 (middle) and NbCUL3 (right) transcripts. Expression of NbPR1 was tested in plants treated with water (mock) or 1 mM SA for 5 hr. Data are presented as mean±SD. FIG. 13E shows representative images of co-localization analysis of sim3/CUL3 BiFC signal with markers of protein bodies and organelles (FIG. 5A). The sim3-YC/YN-CUL3 BiFC pair was co-expressed in N. benthamiana with mCherry-fused markers: TGN (trans-Golgi network/early endosome) and MVB (multivehicular body/late endosome), HSC70 (heat shock protein 70) and ATG8 (autophagy protein 8a). FIG. 13F shows relative band intensity of the total ubiquitination blot shown in the lower panel of FIG. 5C. Intensities were measured along the entire lane and normalized to that of the 0 mM SA sample for each set of interactions.

    [0030] FIGS. 14A-14D show stability and ubiquitination of SINC-localized proteins. Related to FIGS. 6A-6I. FIG. 14A shows stability of EDS1 and NIMIN1 in Col-0 or npr1-2 mutant. Seedlings were treated with water (−) or 1 mM SA for 4 hr, with (+) or without (−) subsequent addition of 100 μM cycloheximide (CHX). After 16 hours of co-incubation, total protein was extracted and immunoblotted with α-EDS1, α-NIMIN1, α-NPR1 and α-TUB (tubulin) antibodies. A higher exposure is shown for theEDS1 blot in the npr1-2 background such that the intensity of control sample (-CHX) is similar to the corresponding sample in the Col-0 background. FIG. 14B shows co-localization of NIM1-interacting 1 (NIMIN1) with NPR1 in SINCs. mCherry-fused NIMIN1 (NINIM1-mCherry) was co-expressed with NPR1-GFP in N. benthamiana followed by treatment with 1 mM SA for 5 hr before imaging. Scale bar=20 μm. FIG. 14C shows a diagram of the E. coli-based ubiquitination system for testing NPR1-dependent ubiquitination of WRKY70. E. coli cells were transformed with three plasmids, each expressing the indicated components of the ubiquitination reaction under the control of lactose operator and Shine-Dalgarno sequence (rbs). Control strains were transformed with the same plasmids except that GST-NPR1 was replaced by either GST-sim3 or GST. FIG. 14D shows an immunoblot of the FLAG-WRKY70 ubiquitination reaction (FIG. 6I) showing levels of Myc-CUL3, GST-NPR1, GST-sim3 and GST before immunoprecipitation.

    DETAILED DESCRIPTION

    [0031] For the purposes of promoting an understanding of the principles of the present disclosure, reference will now be made to preferred embodiments and specific language will be used to describe the same. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the disclosure is thereby intended, such alteration and further modifications of the disclosure as illustrated herein, being contemplated as would normally occur to one skilled in the art to which the disclosure relates.

    [0032] Articles “a” and “an” are used herein to refer to one or to more than one (i.e., at least one) of the grammatical object of the article. By way of example, “an element” means at least one element and can include more than one element.

    [0033] “About” is used to provide flexibility to a numerical range endpoint by providing that a given value may be “slightly above” or “slightly below” the endpoint without affecting the desired result.

    [0034] The use herein of the terms “including,” “comprising,” or “having,” and variations thereof, is meant to encompass the elements listed thereafter and equivalents thereof as well as additional elements. As used herein, “and/or” refers to and encompasses any and all possible combinations of one or more of the associated listed items, as well as the lack of combinations where interpreted in the alternative (“or”).

    [0035] As used herein, the transitional phrase “consisting essentially of” (and grammatical variants) is to be interpreted as encompassing the recited materials or steps “and those that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristic(s)” of the claimed invention. Thus, the term “consisting essentially of” as used herein should not be interpreted as equivalent to “comprising.”

    [0036] Moreover, the present disclosure also contemplates that in some embodiments, any feature or combination of features set forth herein can be excluded or omitted. To illustrate, if the specification states that a complex comprises components A, B and C, it is specifically intended that any of A, B or C, or a combination thereof, can be omitted and disclaimed singularly or in any combination.

    [0037] Recitation of ranges of values herein are merely intended to serve as a shorthand method of referring individually to each separate value falling within the range, unless otherwise indicated herein, and each separate value is incorporated into the specification as if it were individually recited herein. For example, if a concentration range is stated as 1% to 50%, it is intended that values such as 2% to 40%, 10% to 30%, or 1% to 3%, etc., are expressly enumerated in this specification. These are only examples of what is specifically intended, and all possible combinations of numerical values between and including the lowest value and the highest value enumerated are to be considered to be expressly stated in this disclosure.

    [0038] A nucleic acid is “operably connected” or “operably linked” when it is placed into a functional relationship with a second nucleic acid sequence. For instance, a promoter is operably linked to a coding sequence if the promoter is connected to the coding sequence or insert site such that it may affect transcription or expression of the coding sequence.

    [0039] The nucleic acids described herein be operably linked to one or more expression control elements. “Expression control elements” are sequences that modulate expression of the gene, either through modulation of transcription of the gene, modulation of translation on an mRNA transcribed from the gene, or a combination of modulation of transcription and translation. Expression control elements include, but are not limited to, promoters, enhancers, 3′ untranslated sequence, and 5′ untranslated sequences.

    [0040] The nucleic acids described herein may be operably linked to a promoter or a combination of a promoter and one or more uORFs. The terms “promoter,” “heterologous promoter,” “promoter region,” or “promoter sequence” refer generally to transcriptional regulatory regions of a gene, which may be found at the 5′ or 3′ end of the coding region, or within the coding region of the heterologous coding sequence, or within introns. Typically, a promoter is a DNA regulatory region capable of binding RNA polymerase in a cell and initiating transcription of a downstream (3′ direction) coding sequence. The typical 5′ promoter sequence is bounded at its 3′ terminus by the transcription initiation site and extends upstream (5′ direction) to include the minimum number of bases or elements necessary to initiate transcription at levels detectable above background. Within the promoter sequence is a transcription initiation site, as well as protein binding domains (consensus sequences) responsible for the binding of RNA polymerase. The promoter may be the endogenous promoter of an endogenous gene modified to include heterologous R-motif, uORF, and/or 5′ regulatory sequences (i.e., separately or in combination). The promoter may be natively associated with the 5′ UTR chosen, but be operably connected to a heterologous coding sequence.

    [0041] Promoters include, but are not limited to, constitutive promoters, inducible promoters, temporally-regulated promoters, developmentally regulated promoters, chemically regulated promoters, tissue-preferred promoters, and tissue-specific promoters. A promoter suitable for expression in plants includes, but is not limited to, a TBF1 promoter (from any plant species including Arabidopsis), a 35S promoter (such as from a cauliflower mosaic virus), a ubiquitin promoter, a tCUP cryptic constitutive promoter, a Rsyn7 promoter, a pathogen-inducible promoter, a maize In2-2 promoter, a tobacco PR-1a promoter, a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter, an estrogen-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-repressible promoter, a T3 promoter, a T7 promoter, and a SP6 promoter. Those of skill in the art are familiar with a wide variety of additional promoters for use in various cell types. In some embodiments, the promoter includes a plant promoter. In some embodiments, the promoter includes a plant promoter inducible by a plant pathogen or chemical inducer. The promoter may be a seed-specific or fruit-specific promoter.

    [0042] An upstream open reading frame (uORF) is an open reading frame (ORF) within the 5′ untranslated region (5′ UTR) of an mRNA. uORFs can regulate eukaryotic gene expression, such as through suppression of translation. Translation of the uORF may inhibit or increase downstream expression of the primary ORF (e.g., by translation suppression). As one example, a uORF can be a TBF1 uORF (e.g., Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1), such as uORF1 or uORF2. See, e.g., Pajerowska-Mukhtar et al. (2012) Curr. Biol. 22 (2): 103-112; Xu et al. (2017) Nature 545(7655):491-494; US 2018-0273965; U.S. Pat. No. 10,584,346; US 2015-0113685; U.S. Pat. No. 10,017,773; WO 2013/096567; US 2019-0352664; and WO 2018/144831, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes.

    [0043] “Salicylic acid-induced NPR1 condensates” (SINCs) are cytoplasmic organelle-like structures that contain NPR1 protein and Cullin 3 RING E3 ligase (CLR3) and are enriched in proteins that regulate death, redox metabolism, DNA damage response, and protein quality control machineries, including ubiquitination. SINC formation in wild-type plants is dependent on NPR1 and salicylic acid. In the absence of salicylic acid, wild-type NPR1 does not induce formation of SINCs. However, in the presence or salicylic acid, wild-type NPR1 initiates formation of condensates.

    [0044] “Salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates” are NPR1 condensates that are functionally similar to SINCs and form in the absence of salicylic acid. Formation of salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates is induced by certain mutant npr1 proteins described herein in the absence of salicylic acid.

    [0045] An “intrinsically disordered region” (IDR) is a region of a protein that does not have, or is not predicted to have, a fixed or ordered three-dimensional structure in the absence of interaction partners. IDRs can be determined or predicted using methods known in the art. IDRs can be predicted using algorithms such as, but not limited to, the IUPred2a algorithm. IUPred2A can be used to predict disordered protein regions using the IUPred2 algorithm and optionally disordered binding regions using ANCHOR2. IUPred2 returns a score between 0 and 1 for each residue in an input protein (amino acid) sequence corresponding to the probability that the given residue is part of a disordered region. IUPred2A is also capable of identifying protein regions that do or do not adopt a stable structure depending on the redox state of their environment.

    [0046] A “redox-sensitive intrinsically disordered region” (RDR) is an IDR that is sensitive to oxidations. Redox-sensitivity can be determined or predicted using methods known in the art. Redox-sensitivity can be predicted using algorithms such as, but not limited to, IUPred2a algorithm. RDRs can be determined or predicted using methods known in the art. RDRs can be predicted using algorithms such as, but not limited to, the IUPred2a algorithm. In some embodiments, an RDR contains one or more cysteine residues. In some embodiments, an RDR region comprises a string of 5 or more contiguous amino acids wherein the differential IDR score ((Redox minus)−(Redox plus)) determined for each amino acid is greater than or equal to about 0.15. Redox minus and redox plus scores can be determined using the IUPred2a algorithm. In some embodiments, an RDR region comprises a string of 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, or more consecutive amino acids wherein the differential IDR score ((Redox minus)−(Redox plus)) each amino acid is greater than or equal to about 0.15.

    [0047] A “homolog” or “homologous” sequence (e.g., nucleic acid sequence) includes a sequence that is either identical or substantially similar to a known reference sequence, such that it is, for example, at least 50%, at least 55%, at least 60%, at least 65%, at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%, or 100% identity to the known reference sequence. Sequence identity can be determined by aligning sequences using algorithms, such as BESTFIT, FASTA, and TFASTA in the Wisconsin Genetics Software Package Release 7.0, Genetics Computer Group, 575 Science Dr., Madison, Wis.), using default gap parameters, or by inspection, and the best alignment (i.e., resulting in the highest percentage of sequence similarity over a comparison window). Percentage of sequence identity is calculated by comparing two optimally aligned sequences over a window of comparison, determining the number of positions at which the identical residues occurs in both sequences to yield the number of matched positions, dividing the number of matched positions by the total number of matched and mismatched positions not counting gaps in the window of comparison (i.e., the window size), and multiplying the result by 100 to yield the percentage of sequence identity. Unless otherwise indicated the window of comparison between two sequences is defined by the entire length of the shorter of the two sequences. Homologous sequences can include, for example, orthologs (orthologous sequences) and paralogs (paralogous sequences). Homologous genes, for example, typically descend from a common ancestral DNA sequence, either through a speciation event (orthologous genes) or a genetic duplication event (paralogous genes). “Orthologous” genes include genes in different species that evolved from a common ancestral gene by speciation. Orthologs typically retain the same function in the course of evolution. “Paralogous” genes include genes related by duplication within a genome. Paralogs can evolve new functions in the course of evolution.

    [0048] “NPR1” (non-expresser of pathogenesis related (PR) genes 1) is a plant gene that encodes the NPR1 protein. NPR1 is a positive regulator of systemic acquired resistance. NPR1 contains a Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac (BTB) domain, and three ankyrin-repeat domains.

    [0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.

    [0050] Treating plants with salicylic acid (SA) can protect them from cell death induced by both biotic and abiotic stresses, such as a broad spectrum of pathogens, high and low temperature, oxidative stress, and DNA damage through the formation of NPR1 condensates. These SA-induced NPR1 condensates (SINCs) contain many plant nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat (NB-LRR) immune receptors and signaling components, such as EDS1 and PAD4, as well as components in the heat response, redox regulation, DNA damage repair and protein homeostasis (ubiquitination/degradation) pathways. SINC formation serves as a sink for maintaining protein homeostasis during a diverse array of stresses and make plants more resistant. Since SINC formation is an intrinsic property of NPR1, it can be used as a target for engineering broad spectrum stress resistance in different organisms because many of the SINC proteins and the processes that they represent are highly conserved in evolution.

    [0051] The present disclosure provides, is based, in part on the discovery by the inventors that NPR1 promotes cell survival by targeting substrates for ubiquitination and degradation through salicylic acid (SA)-driven phase separation into cytoplasmic condensates. Further, the inventors show that NPR1 condensates are enriched in cell death regulators including nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors, redox metabolism proteins, DNA damage repair and protein quality control machineries. Phase separation of NPR1 is required for recruitment of the Cullin 3 RING E3 ligase complex to the condensates and NPR1 can promote cell survival by degrading EDS1 and specific WRKY transcription factors required for ETI. The discovery of distinct functional groups of proteins in the SA-induced NPR1 condensates, herein termed “SINCs”, suggests that NPR1 modulates survival by converging multiple stress-responsive processes in this quasi organelle.

    [0052] As described above and further described below in the examples, in response to SA, wild-type NPR1 can be found in cytoplasmic condensates (SINCs) that correlate with decreased plant cell death and increased plant tolerance to various stresses, including biotic and abiotic stress. Described herein are variant NPR1 proteins (npr1 proteins) that spontaneously or constitutively form cytoplasmic condensates (NPR1 condensates), i.e., in the absence of SA. The described npr1 proteins induce formation of NPR1 condensates at greater frequency compared to wild type NPR1 protein in the absence of SA. These salicylic acid (SA)-independent NPR1 condensates also correlate with decreased plant cell death and increased plant tolerance to various stresses, including biotic and abiotic stress. Expression of a npr1 protein in a plant cell or plant can be used to increase plant stress tolerance and reduce plant cell death in response to stress.

    NPR1 Proteins

    [0053] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a NPR1 protein having one or more mutations in at least one redox-sensitive intrinsically disordered region (RDR), wherein the one or more mutations result in the npr1 protein forming salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein retains the cytoplasmic functions of NPR1. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein retains the nuclear functions of NPR1. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein retains both the cytoplasmic and nuclear functions of NPR1. Formation of salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates is readily determined using the methods described herein. NPR1 contains three RDRs (RDR1, RDR2, and RDR3). The three RDRs of the A. thaliana NPR1 are located at amino acids 140-160, 368-404, and 510-539 (shown in boxes) of

    TABLE-US-00001 SEQ ID NO: 1  (MDTTIPGFADSYE1SSTSFVATDNTDSSIVYLAAEQ VLTGPDVSALQLLSNSFESVFDSPDDFYSDAKLVLSDGREVSFHRCVLSARSSFFKSA [00001]embedded image [00002]embedded image ANICGKACMKLLDRCKEIIVKSNVDMVSLEKSLPEELVKEIIDRRKELGLEVPKVKKH VSNVHKALDSDDIELVKLLLKEDHTNLDDACALHFAVAYCNVKTATDLLKLDLAD [00003]embedded image [00004]embedded image LAQRLFPTEAQAAMEIAEMKGTCEFIVTSLEPDRLTGTKRTSPGVKIAPFRILEEHQSR [00005]embedded image ETLKKAFSEDNLELGNSSLTDSTSSTSKSTGGKRSNRKLSHRRR).
    The RDR regions of homologs and/or orthologs of A. thaliana NPR1 can be identified using RDR predicting algorithms as is described for A. thaliana NPR1. Alternatively, RDR regions of homologs and/or orthologs of A. thaliana NPR1 can be identified by identifying the regions of the NPR1 homologs and/or orthologs corresponding to amino acids 140-160, 368-404, and 510-539 of SEQ ID NO: 1. Suitable orthologs of A. thaliana NPR1 include, but are not limited to, the NPR1 of tobacco, tomato, grape, barley, rice, soybean, melon, corn, rapeseed, cabbage, broccoli, radish, and mustard. Orthologs of SEQ ID NO: 1 include, but are not limited to: SEQ ID NOS: 2-12 and 30-34. The RDR2 region of A. thaliana NPR1 corresponds to amino acids 368-404 or SEQ ID NO: 1. The corresponding RDR2 regions of SEQ ID NOS. 2-12 and 30-34 are shown in Table 1. The corresponding RDR1 and RDR3 regions of SEQ ID NOS. 2-12 and 30-34 can be similarly determined by homology alignment with SEQ ID NO: 1.

    TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1 NPR1 RDR2 sequence alignment: NPR1 RDR2 sequence in Arabidopsis thaliana and orthologs. SEQ Plant RDR2 Sequence Alignment ID NO. Arabidopsis thaliana RTALMIAKQATMAVECNNIPEQCKHSLKGRLCVEILEQEDKR 13 Nicotiana benthamiana RKALQIAKRLTRLVDFSKSPEEGKSASKDRLCIEILEQAERR 14 Solanum Lycopersicon KKALQIAKRLTRLVDFTKSTEEGKSAPKDRLCIEILEQAERR 15 Vitis vinifera RNALQIAKRLTRAVDYHKSTEEGKPSPKDQLCVEVLEQAERR 16 Hordeum vulgare RKAVQIAKRLTKHGDYFGNTEEGKPSPNDKLCIEILEEAERR 17 Medicago truncatula RKALQISKRCTKAVDYYKSTEEGKVSSNDRLCIEILEQAERR 18 Nicotiana tabacum RKALQIAKRLTRLVDFSKSPEEGKSASNDRLCIEILEQAERR 19 Oryza sativa RKAVQISKRLTKQGDYFGVTEEGKPSPKDRLCIEILEQAERR 20 Glycine max RKALQISKRLTKAVDYYKSTEEGKVSCSDRLCIEILEQAERR 21 Populus trichocarpa RKALQISKRLTRAMDYHKSTEEGKASPKERLCIEILEQAERR 22 Cucumis melo RTAANICQRLTRPKDYHAKTEKGQETNKDRLCIDILEREMWR 23 Zea mays RKAVQISKRLTKHGDYFGPTEDGKPSPKDRLCIEVLEQAERR 24 Raphanus sativus RTALVIAKQVTKATECCIL ERGKLSAKGGVCVEILKEPDNK 25 Brassica napus RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCIL EKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNK 26 Brassica oleracea RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCIL EKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNT 27 Brassica rapa RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCIL EKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNK 28 Brassica juncea RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCIL EKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNK 29

    [0054] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having one or more mutations in at least one redox-sensitive intrinsically disordered region (RDR), wherein the one or more mutations result in the npr1 protein forming salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an ortholog of an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having one or more mutations in at least one redox-sensitive intrinsically disordered region (RDR), wherein the one or more mutations result in the npr1 protein forming salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates. Overexpression of A. thaliana NPR1 or its orthologs has been shown to enhance resistance in a number of horticultural crop plants, including grape, carrot, tomato, apple, citrus, tobacco, and strawberry and in high-acreage agronomic crops such as rice, wheat, soybean, peanut, and potato. See, e.g., Silva et al. (2018) Hortic. Res. 5:15, herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a Nicotiana benthamiana NPR1, a Solanum lycopersicon NPR1, a Vitis vinifera NPR1, a Hordeum vulgare NPR1, a Medicago truncatula NPR1, a Nicotiana tabacum NPR1, a Oryza sativa NPR1, a Glycine max NPR1, a Populus trichocarpa NPR1, a Cucumis melo NPR1, a Zea mays NPR1, a Raphanus sativus NPR1, a Brassica napus NPR1, a Brassica oleracea NPR1, a Brassica rapa NPR1, a Brassica juncea NPR1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-12 and 30-34.

    [0055] In some embodiments, the one or more mutations in the at least one RDR reduce the redox-sensitivity of the RDR.

    [0056] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines in at least one RDR. The one or more cysteines can be located in a single RDR, 2 RDRs (e.g., RDR1 and RDR2, RDR2, and RDR3, or RDR1 and RDR3), 3 RDRs (e.g., RDR1, RDR1 and RDR3), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines in at least one RDR. The one or more cysteines can be located in a single RDR, 2 RDRs (e.g., RDR1 and RDR2, RDR2, and RDR3, or RDR1 and RDR3), 3 RDRs (e.g., RDR1, RDR1 and RDR3), or a combination thereof. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an ortholog of an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines in at least one RDR. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a Nicotiana benthamiana NPR1, a Solanum lycopersicon NPR1, a Vitis vinifera NPR1, a Hordeum vulgare NPR1, a Medicago truncatula NPR1, a Nicotiana tabacum NPR1, a Oryza sativa NPR1, a Glycine max NPR1, a Populus trichocarpa NPR1, a Cucumis melo NPR1, a Zea mays NPR1, a Raphanus sativus NPR1, a Brassica napus NPR1, a Brassica oleracea NPR1, a Brassica rapa NPR1, a Brassica juncea NPR1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-12 and 30-34. The npr1 protein can have a mutation of a single cysteine, 2 cysteines, 3 cysteines, 4 cysteines, 5 cysteines, 6 cysteines, or 7 or more cysteines. The mutation can be a substitution, a deletion, or a combination thereof. The mutation at each position can independently be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, a threonine substitution, or a deletion. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine.

    [0057] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160, 368-404, and/or 510-539 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160, 368-404, and/or 510-539 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an ortholog of an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160, 368-404, and/or 510-539 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a Nicotiana benthamiana NPR1, a Solanum lycopersicon NPR1, a Vitis vinifera NPR1, a Hordeum vulgare NPR1, a Medicago truncatula NPR1, a Nicotiana tabacum NPR1, a Oryza sativa NPR1, a Glycine max NPR1, a Populus trichocarpa NPR1, a Cucumis melo NPR1, a Zea mays NPR1, a Raphanus sativus NPR1, a Brassica napus NPR1, a Brassica oleracea NPR1, a Brassica rapa NPR1, a Brassica juncea NPR1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-12 and 30-34. The npr1 protein can have a mutation of a single cysteine, 2 cysteines, 3 cysteines, 4 cysteines, 5 cysteines, 6 cysteines, or 7 or more cysteines. The mutation can be a substitution, a deletion, or a combination thereof. The mutation at each position can independently be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, a threonine substitution, or a deletion. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine. The cysteine residues in an ortholog of A. thaliana NPR1 may not be in the exact same numerical positions as the cysteines in A. thaliana NPR1. For example, the cysteine residue at position 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1 occurs at position 396 of the Zea mays ortholog (SEQ ID NO: 12).

    [0058] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 368-404 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 368-404 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an ortholog of an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 368-404 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a Nicotiana benthamiana NPR1, a Solanum lycopersicon NPR1, a Vitis vinifera NPR1, a Hordeum vulgare NPR1, a Medicago truncatula NPR1, a Nicotiana tabacum NPR1, a Oryza sativa NPR1, a Glycine max NPR1, a Populus trichocarpa NPR1, a Cucumis melo NPR1, a Zea mays NPR1, a Raphanus sativus NPR1, a Brassica napus NPR1, a Brassica oleracea NPR1, a Brassica rapa NPR1, a Brassica juncea NPR1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-12 and 30-34. The npr1 protein can have a mutation of a single cysteine, 2 cysteines, 3 cysteines, 4 cysteines, 5 cysteines, 6 cysteines, or 7 or more cysteines. The mutation can be a substitution, a deletion, or a combination thereof. The mutation at each position can independently be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, a threonine substitution, or a deletion. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine.

    [0059] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a NPR1 protein having a mutation of a cysteine located at a position corresponding to residue 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having a mutation of a cysteine at position 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an ortholog of an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having a mutation of a cysteine located at a position corresponding to residue 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a Nicotiana benthamiana NPR1, a Solanum lycopersicon NPR1, a Vitis vinifera NPR1, a Hordeum vulgare NPR1, a Medicago truncatula NPR1, a Nicotiana tabacum NPR1, a Oryza sativa NPR1, a Glycine max NPR1, a Populus trichocarpa NPR1, a Cucumis melo NPR1, a Zea mays NPR1, a Raphanus sativus NPR1, a Brassica napus NPR1, a Brassica oleracea NPR1, a Brassica rapa NPR1, a Brassica juncea NPR1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-12 and 30-34. The mutation can be a substitution or a deletion. The substitution can be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, or a threonine substitution. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 148, 149, 150, 151, 152, or 153.

    [0060] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having a mutation of a cysteine at position 378 of SEQ ID NO: 1, position 385 of SEQ ID NO: 1, position 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 378 and 385 of SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 378 and 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, positions 385 and 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1, or positions 378, 385, and 394 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The mutations can be substitutions, deletions, or a combination thereof. The mutation at each position can independently be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, a threonine substitution, or a deletion. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 134.

    [0061] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an ortholog of an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having mutations of one or more cysteines, wherein the cysteines are located in a region corresponding to residues 140-160 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a Nicotiana benthamiana NPR1, a Solanum lycopersicon NPR1, a Vitis vinifera NPR1, a Hordeum vulgare NPR1, a Medicago truncatula NPR1, a Nicotiana tabacum NPR1, a Oryza sativa NPR1, a Glycine max NPR1, a Populus trichocarpa NPR1, a Cucumis melo NPR1, a Zea mays NPR1, a Raphanus sativus NPR1, a Brassica napus NPR1, a Brassica oleracea NPR1, a Brassica rapa NPR1, a Brassica juncea NPR1. The ortholog can be, but is not limited to, a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2-12 and 30-34. The mutation can be a substitution, a deletion, or a combination thereof. The mutation at each position can independently be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, a threonine substitution, or a deletion. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine.

    [0062] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having a mutation of a cysteine at one or more of positions 150, 155, 156, and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1. In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises an A. thaliana NPR1 protein having a mutation of a cysteine at position 150 of SEQ ID NO: 1; position 155 of SEQ ID NO: 1; position 156 of SEQ ID NO: 1; position 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 150 and 155 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 150 and 156 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 150 and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 155 and 156 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 155 and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 156 and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 150, 155, and 156 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 150, 156, and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 150, 155, and 156 of SEQ ID NO: 1; positions 155, 156, and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1; or positions 150, 155, 156, and 160 of SEQ ID NO: 1. The mutation can be a substitution, a deletion, or a combination thereof. The mutation at each position can independently be an alanine substitution, a glycine substitution, a serine substitution, a threonine substitution, or a deletion. In some embodiments, the substitution is an alanine. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein comprises the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 134.

    [0063] In some embodiments, a npr1 protein comprises a npr1 ACTD protein, a BTB domain npr1 protein, or a npr1 sim3 protein. A ACTD npr1 comprises a NPR1 protein having a deletion of amino acids corresponding to amino acids 1-364 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or an ortholog thereof. A BTB npr1 protein consists the BTB domain of NPR1 corresponding to amino acids 65-144 of SEQ ID NO: 1 or an ortholog thereof. A npr1sim3 protein comprises a SUMOylation-deficient mutant of NPR1.

    [0064] In some embodiments, the npr1 protein has increased interaction with CUL3 compared to wild-type NPR1 in the absence of salicylic acid when measured under the same conditions. In some embodiments, the npr1 protein has increased interaction with CUL3 compared to wild-type NPR1 at lower concentrations of salicylic acid when measured under the same conditions Interaction may be determined using methods known in the art, including, but not limited to, co-immunoprecipitation, yeast two-hybrid assay, and BiFC assay.

    Nucleic Acids

    [0065] Any of the described npr1 proteins that form salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates can be expressed in a plant or plant cell by introducing into the plant or plant cell or a progenitor plant or plant cell, a nucleic acid encoding the npr1 protein. Nucleic acids encoding the described npr1 proteins (npr1 genes) are readily made using methods known in the art. Nucleic acid sequences encoding A. thaliana NPR1 (SEQ ID NO: 1) and its orthologs, such as SEQ ID NOS: 2-12 and 30-34, are known in the art. Modification (mutation) of a nucleic acid sequence encoding a NPR1 gene to form a nucleic acid encoding a described npr1 protein can be done using methods known in the art for site directed mutagenesis of a nucleic acid.

    [0066] A npr1 gene encoding a npr1 protein that forms salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates can be a nucleic acid encoding: (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160 or an ortholog thereof; or (b) a protein having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity to a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160, wherein the protein retains salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensate formation function.

    [0067] A npr1 gene encoding any of the described npr1 proteins can be operably linked to one or more expression control elements (e.g., one or more heterologous expression control elements). The expression control elements can comprise a promoter (e.g., a heterologous promoter), one or more upstream open reading frames (uORFs) (e.g., one or more heterologous uORFs), or a promoter and one or more uORFs. In a specific example, a npr1 gene can be operably linked to a TBF1 promoter (e.g., Arabidopsis TBF1 promoter) and one or more TBF1 uORFs (e.g., Arabidopsis TBF1 uORF1 and/or uORF2).

    [0068] The promoter can be, but is not limited to, a constitutive promoter, an inducible promoter, a temporally-regulated promoter, a developmentally regulated promoter, a chemically regulated promoter, a tissue-preferred promoter, a tissue-specific promoter, a TBF1 promoter, a 35S promoter, a ubiquitin promoter, a tCUP cryptic constitutive promoter, a Rsyn7 promoter, a pathogen-inducible promoter, a maize In2-2 promoter, a tobacco PR-1a promoter, a glucocorticoid-inducible promoter, an estrogen-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-inducible promoter, a tetracycline-repressible promoter, a T3 promoter, a T7 promoter, or a SP6 promoter. In a specific example, the promoter is a TBF1 promoter, such as an Arabidopsis TBF1 promoter. See, e.g., Pajerowska-Mukhtar et al. (2012) Curr. Biol. 22(2):103-112; Xu et al. (2017) Nature 545(7655):491-494; US 2018-0273965; U.S. Pat. No. 10,584,346; US 2015-0113685; U.S. Pat. No. 10,017,773; WO 2013/096567; US 2019-0352664; and WO 2018/144831, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. TBF1 is an important transcription factor for the growth-to-defense switch upon immune induction. In one example, the promoter can comprise the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 167. In another example, the promoter can comprise the sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 168.

    [0069] The upstream uORF can comprise one or more TBF1 gene uORFs. See, e.g., Pajerowska-Mukhtar et al. (2012) Curr. Biol. 22(2):103-112; Xu et al. (2017) Nature 545(7655):491-494; US 2018-0273965; U.S. Pat. No. 10,584,346; US 2015-0113685; U.S. Pat. No. 10,017,773; WO 2013/096567; US 2019-0352664; and WO 2018/144831, each of which is herein incorporated by reference in its entirety for all purposes. The TBF1 uORFs can comprise, for example, Arabidopsis TBF1 uORFs, such as uORF1 (SEQ ID NO: 162, or encoding SEQ ID NO: 164) and uORF2 (SEQ ID NO: 163, or encoding SEQ ID NO: 165). In one example, the uORFs can comprise uORF1 (SEQ ID NO: 162 or encoding SEQ ID NO: 164), uORF2 (SEQ ID NO: 163 or encoding SEQ ID NO: 165), or both uORF1 and uORF2. In a specific example, the npr1 gene can be operably linked to a regulatory sequence (e.g., 5′ regulatory sequence) comprising SEQ ID NO: 166, which includes both uORF1 and uORF2. In another specific example, the npr1 gene can be operably linked to a regulatory sequence (e.g., 5′ regulatory sequence) comprising SEQ ID NO: 168, which includes a TBF1 promoter, uORF1, and uORF2.

    [0070] A nucleic acid encoding a npr1 protein may be introduced into a plant or plant cell using a number of methods known in the art, including but not limited to electroporation, DNA bombardment or biolistic approaches, lipofection, nucleofection, microinjection, via the use of various DNA-based vectors such as Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium rhizogenes vectors, and CRISPR or CRISPR/Cas9. Once a plant cell has been successfully transformed, it may be cultivated to regenerate a transgenic plant. Delivery can be to cells (e.g., in vitro or ex vivo administration) or target tissues (e.g., in vivo administration).

    [0071] In some embodiments, Agrobacterium tumefaciens is used to generate a transgenic plant. There are numerous vectors designed for Agrobacterium transformation. For stable transformation, Agrobacterium systems can utilize “binary” vectors that permit plasmid manipulation in both E. coli and Agrobacterium, and typically contain one or more selectable markers to recover transformed plants. Binary vectors for use in Agrobacterium transformation systems typically comprise the borders of T-DNA, multiple cloning sites, replication functions for Escherichia coli and A. tumefaciens, and selectable marker and reporter genes. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of a large number of plants are extensively described in the literature (see, for example, Agrobacterium Protocols, Wan, ed., Humana Press, 2.sup.nd edition, 2006). Various methods for introducing DNA into Agrobacteria are known, including electroporation, freeze/thaw methods, and triparental mating.

    [0072] Methods of producing a plant that expresses a npr1 protein as described herein or genetically modifying a plant to express a npr1 protein as described herein using a CRISPR/Cas system are described. Stress resistant plants created using a CRISPR/Cas system and nucleic acids for producing a stress resistant plant using a CRISPR/Cas system are also described.

    [0073] A CRISPR system can comprise an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme and a guide RNA. The RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme can be, but is not limited to, a Cas9 protein. A CRISPR system can comprise one or more nucleic acids encoding an RNA-guided DNA endonuclease enzyme (such as, but not limited to a Cas9 protein) and a guide RNA. A guide RNA can comprise a CRISPR RNA (crRNA) and a trans-activating CRISPR RNA (tracrRNA), either as separate molecules or a single chimeric guide RNA (sgRNA). The guide RNA contains a guide sequence having complementarity to a sequence in the target gene genomic region. The Cas protein can be introduced into the plant in the form of a protein or a nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) encoding the Cas protein (e.g., operably linked to a promoter expressible in the plant). The guide RNA can be introduced into the plant in the form of RNA or a DNA encoding the guide RNA (e.g., operably linked to a promoter expressible in the plant). In some embodiments, the CRISPR system can be delivered to a plant or plant cell via a bacterium. The bacterium can be, but is not limited to, Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

    [0074] The CRISPR system is designed to target insertion of a nucleic acid encoding a npr1 protein into the plant genome. The CRIPSR system can be designed to target insertion of the nucleic acid encoding a npr1 protein into the NPR1 locus. The CRISPR/Cas system can be, but is not limited to, a CRISPR class 1 system, CRISPR class 2 system, CRISPR/Cas system, a CRISPR/Cas9 system, a CRISPR/zCas9 system or CRISPR/Cas3 system.

    [0075] To transgenic plants may be used to generate subsequent generations (e.g., T.sub.1, T.sub.2, etc.) by selfing of primary or secondary transformants, or by sexual crossing of primary or secondary transformants with other plants (transformed or untransformed).

    Plant Cells and Plants

    [0076] Plant cells including or expressing any of the npr1 proteins described herein are provided. The plants cells have increased stress tolerance, increased cell survival (decreased cell death) against biotic and/or abiotic stress, and/or increased cell survival against plant immune response, relative to a similar plant cell not expressing the nrp1 protein. The plant cell can be a monocot plant cell or a dicot plant cell. The plant cell can be, but is not limited to, a food crop plant cell, a biofuel plant cell, a corn plant cell, a legume plant cell, a bean plant cell, a rice plant cell, a soybean plant cell, a cotton plant cell, a sugarcane plant cell, a tobacco plant cell, a palm oil plant cell, a date palm cell, a wheat cell, a vegetable plant cell, a squash plant cell, a Solanaceae plant cell, a tomato cell, a banana plant cell, a potato plant cell, a pepper plant cell, a moss plant cell, a parsley plant cell, a sunflower plant cell, a mustard plant cell, a sorghum plant cell, a millet plant cell, a citrus plant cell, an apple plant cell, a strawberry plant cell, a rapeseed plant cell, a cabbage plant cell, a cassava plant cell, a coffee plant cell, a sweet potato plant cell, a jatropha plant cell, or a switchgrass plant cell. The npr1 gene can be integrated into the genome of the plant cell. The npr1 gene can be integrated into the genome of the plant cell at the NPR1 locus or a heterologous locus.

    [0077] A plant cell can contain a npr1 gene encoding: (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160 or an ortholog thereof; or (b) a protein having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity to a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160, wherein the protein retains salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensate formation function.

    [0078] In some embodiments, the plant cells expresses a wild-type NPR1 gene. In some embodiments, the plant cell does not express a wild-type NPR1 gene. For example, in some embodiments, the plant cell is npr1-null.

    [0079] Plants including or expressing any of the npr1 proteins described herein are provided. The plant can be a monocot plant or a dicot plant. The plants have increased stress tolerance, increased cell survival (decreased cell death) against biotic and/or abiotic stress, and/or increased cell survival against plant immune response, relative to a similar plant not expressing the nrp1 protein. The plant can be, but is not limited to, a food crop plant, a biofuel plant, a corn plant, a legume plant, a bean plant, a rice plant, a soybean plant, a cotton plant, a sugarcane plant, a tobacco plant, a palm oil plant, a date palm, a wheat, a vegetable plant, a squash plant, a Solanaceae plant, a tomato, a banana plant, a potato plant, a pepper plant, a moss plant, a parsley plant, a sunflower plant, a mustard plant, a sorghum plant, a millet plant, a citrus plant, an apple plant, a strawberry plant, a rapeseed plant, a cabbage plant, a cassava plant, a coffee plant, a sweet potato plant, a jatropha plant, or a switchgrass plant. The npr1 gene can be integrated into the genome of the plant. The npr1 gene can be integrated into the genome of the plant at the NPR1 locus or a heterologous locus.

    [0080] A plant can contain a npr1 gene encoding: (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160 or an ortholog thereof; or (b) a protein having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity to a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160, wherein the protein retains salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensate formation function.

    [0081] In some embodiments, the plant expresses a wild-type NPR1 gene. In some embodiments, the plant does not express a wild-type NPR1 gene. For example, in some embodiments, the plant is npr1-null.

    Methods

    [0082] Described are methods of increasing stress tolerance, increasing cell survival (decreasing cell death) against biotic and/or abiotic stress, and/or increasing cell survival against plant immune response in a plant or plant cell comprising expressing in the plant or plant cell a npr1 protein that forms salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensates. The npr1 protein can be any of the npr1 proteins described herein. The methods comprise introducing into the plant, the plant cell, or a progenitor of the plant or plant cell, a nucleic acid encoding any of the described npr1 proteins such that the nucleic acid is expressed in the plant or plant cell. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is operatively linked to one or more expression control elements that are functional in the plant or plant cell. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid is operatively linked to a promoter, or a promoter and one or more uORFs. In some embodiments, the nucleic acid comprises a npr1 gene encoding: (a) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160 or an ortholog thereof; (b) a protein having at least 70%, at least 75%, at least 80%, at least 85%, at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, or at least 99% identity to a protein comprising the amino acid sequence of any of SEQ ID NOS: 134-160, wherein the protein retains salicylic acid-independent NPR1 condensate formation function; (c) a npr1 ΔCTD protein; (d) a BTB domain npr1 protein, or (e) a npr1sim3 protein. Expression of the npr1 protein in the plant or plant cell results in the plant or plant cell having increased stress tolerance, increased cell survival (decreased cell death) against biotic and/or abiotic stress, and/or increased cell survival against plant immune response relative to a similar plant or plant cell that does not express the npr1 protein. A biotic stress can be, but is not limited to, a viral or bacterial infection. An abiotic stress can be, but is not limited to, high temperature (heat shock) stress, low temperature (cold shock) stress, oxidative stress, or DNA damage.

    [0083] In some embodiments, increasing stress tolerance comprises one or more of: decreasing programmed cell death, decreasing effector-triggered immunity (ETI)-induced cell death, increasing formation of NPR1 condensates, and degrading EDS1 and specific WRKY transcription factors required for pathogen ETI.

    [0084] The plant, plant cell, or progenitor of the plant or plant cell can be, but is not limited to, a monocot or a dicot. The plant, plant cell, or progenitor of the plant or plant cell can be, but is not limited to, a food crop plant, a biofuel plant, a corn plant, a legume plant, a bean plant, a rice plant, a soybean plant, a cotton plant, a sugarcane plant, a tobacco plant, a palm oil plant, a date palm, a wheat, a vegetable plant, a squash plant, a Solanaceae plant, a tomato, a banana plant, a potato plant, a pepper plant, a moss plant, a parsley plant, a sunflower plant, a mustard plant, a sorghum plant, a millet plant, a citrus plant, an apple plant, a strawberry plant, a rapeseed plant, a cabbage plant, a cassava plant, a coffee plant, a sweet potato plant, a jatropha plant, or a switchgrass plant, or a cell derived from any of these plants. The npr1 gene can be integrated into the genome of the plant or plant cell. The npr1 gene can be integrated into the genome of the plant or plant cell at the NPR1 locus or a heterologous locus.

    [0085] The nucleic acid encoding the npr1 protein can be introduced into a plant, plant cell, or progenitor of the plant or plant cell that expresses a wild-type NPR1 gene. Alternatively, the nucleic acid encoding the npr1 protein can be introduced into a plant, plant cell, or progenitor of the plant or plant cell that does not express a wild-type NPR1 gene (e.g., a npr1-null plant, plant cell, or progenitor of the plant or plant cell). The nucleic acid encoding the npr1 protein can be introduced into a plant, or progenitor of the plant having one genotype and introgressed into a plant having a different genotype. “Introgression” of a gene or locus means introduction of the gene or locus from a donor plant comprising the gene or locus into a recipient plant by standard breeding techniques. Selection of can be done phenotypically or selection can be done with the use of genetic markers through marker-assisted breeding, or combinations of these. The process of introgressing is often referred to as “backcrossing” when the process is repeated two or more times. In introgressing or backcrossing, the “donor” parent refers to the parental plant with the desired gene or locus to be introgressed. The “recipient” parent refers to the parental plant into which the gene or locus is being introgressed. Selection is started in the F1 or any further generation from a cross between the recipient plant and the donor plant.

    [0086] In some embodiments, producing a plant having increased stress tolerance, increased cell survival (decreased cell death) against biotic and/or abiotic stress, and/or increased cell survival against plant immune response comprises crossing a first plant expressing any of the described npr1 proteins with a second plant to produce at least a first progeny plant, and selecting one or more progeny plants that express the npr1 protein any or have increased stress tolerance, increased cell survival (decreased cell death) against biotic and/or abiotic stress, and/or increased cell survival against plant immune response compared to a control plant that doesn't express the npr1 protein.

    [0087] Also described are methods of improving plant growth under conditions of stress, the methods comprising introducing into one or more plants a nucleic acid encoding any of the described npr1 proteins such that the npr1 protein is expressed in the plant, subjecting the one or more plants to stress; and selecting a plant having improved plant growth under the stress when compared to a plant that lacks the nucleic acid encoding the npr1 protein.

    [0088] Another aspect of the present disclosure provides all that is described and illustrated herein.

    [0089] The following Examples and attached Appendices are provided by way of illustration and not by way of limitation.

    Brief Description of the Sequences

    [0090] The nucleotide and amino acid sequences listed in the accompanying sequence listing are shown using standard letter abbreviations for nucleotide bases, and three-letter code for amino acids. The nucleotide sequences follow the standard convention of beginning at the 5′ end of the sequence and proceeding forward (i.e., from left to right in each line) to the 3′ end. Only one strand of each nucleotide sequence is shown, but the complementary strand is understood to be included by any reference to the displayed strand. When a nucleotide sequence encoding an amino acid sequence is provided, it is understood that codon degenerate variants thereof that encode the same amino acid sequence are also provided. The amino acid sequences follow the standard convention of beginning at the amino terminus of the sequence and proceeding forward (i.e., from left to right in each line) to the carboxy terminus.

    TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Description of Sequences. SEQ ID NO Type Description   1 Protein Arabidopsis thaliana npr1 protein MDTTIDGFADSYEISSTSFVATDNTDSSIVYLAAEQVLTGPDVSALQLLSNSFESVFDSP DDFYSDAKLVLSDGREVSFHRCVLSARSSFFKSALAAAKKEKDSNNTAAVKLELKEIAKD YEVGFDSVVTVLAYVYSSRVRPPPKGVSECADENCCHVACRPAVDFMLEVLYLAFIFKIP ELITLYQRHLLDVVDKVVIEDTLVILKLANICGKACMKLLDRCKEIIVKSNVDMVSLEKS LPEELVKEIIDRRKELGLEVPKVKKHVSNVHKALDSDDIELVKLLLKEDHTNLDDACALH FAVAYCNVKTATDLLKLDLADVNHRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPQLILSLLEKGASASEATL EGRTALMIAKQATMAVECNNIPEQCKHSLKGRLCVEILEQEDKREQIPRDVPPSFAVAAD ELKMTLLDLENRVALAQRLFPTEAQAAMEIAEMKGTCEFIVTSLEPDRLTGTKRTSPGVK IAPFRILEEHQSRLKALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSAVLDQIMNCEDLTQLACGEDDTAEKRLQ KKQRYMEIQETLKKAFSEDNLELGNSSLTDSTSSTSKSTGGKRSNRKLSHRRR   2 Protein Nicotiana benthamiana npr1 protein MDNSGTAFSDSNDISGSSSICCIGGGMTESFSPETSPAEITSLKRLSETLESIFDAASPE FDYFADAKLVIPGAGKEIPVHRCILSARSPFFKNLFCGKKEKNSNKVELKEIMKEYEVSY DGVVSVLAYLYSGKIRPSPKDVCVCVDNDCSHVACRPAVAFLAEVLYTSFTFQISELVDK FQRHLLDILDKIAADDVMVVLSVANICGKACERLLSSCIEIIVKSNVDIITLDKALPHDI VKQITDSRAELGLQGPESNGFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELLQMLLREGHTTLDDAFALHY AVAYCDAKTTAELLDLALAEINHQNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGARPSDLTSD GRKALQIAKRLTRLVDFSKSPEEGKSASKDRLCIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASVSLAMAGDD LRMKLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFPLASINKKMVNAQRTTVDLNEV PFKIKEEHLNRLRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSEIAYMGNDTAEERQLKK QRYMELQEILSKAFTEDKEEFDMTNNISSSCSSTSKGVDKPNKLPFRK   3 Protein Solanum lycopersicon npr1 protein MDSRTAFSDSNDISGSSSICCMNESETSLADVNSLKRLSETLESIFDASAPDFDFFADAK LLAPGGKEIPVHRCILSARSPFFKNVFCGKDSNTKLELKELMKEYEVSFDAVVSVLAYLY SGKVRPASKDVCVCVDNECLHVACRPAVAFMVQVLYASFTFQISQLVDKFQRHLLDILDK AVADDVMMVLSVANICGKACERLLSRCIDIIVKSNVDIITLDKSLPHDIVKQITDSRAEL GLQGPESNGFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELLRMLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAYCDAKTTA ELLDLSLADVNHQNPRGHTVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGARPSDLTSDGKKALQIAKRL TRLVDFTKSTEEGKSAPKDRLCIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRMKLLYLENR VGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSELPLASMRKKIADAQRTTVDLNEAPFKMKEEHLNR LRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSEIAYMGNDTVEERQLKKQRYMELQEILS KAFTEDKEEFAKTNMSSSCSSTSKGVDKPNNLPFRK   4 Protein Vitis vinifera npr1 protein MDYRAALSDSNDFSGSSSICCIAATTESLSSEVSPPDISALRRLSENLESVFESPEFDFF TDARIVVAGGREVPVHRCILAARSVFFKAVLAGARKEKEAKFELKDLAKEFDVGYDSLVA VLGYLYSGRVGALPKGVCACVDDDCPHSACRPAVDFMVEVLYASFAFQISELVGLYQRRL MDILDKVASDDILVILSVANLCGKACDRLLARCIDIIIKSDVDVVTLERALPQEMVKQIV DSRLELGFEEPESTNFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAFG DAKTTTELLDLGLADVNHKNHRGYTVLHIAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGARPTDITPDGRNAL QIAKRLTRAVDYHKSTEEGKPSPKDQLCVEVLEQAERRDPLIGEASFSLAIAGDDLRMKL LYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFTLTAIRPRNLADAQRTTVDLNEAPFRI KEEHLNRLRALSKTVDLGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSDLAYLGNGTTEERLLKKRRYK ELQDQLCKAFNEDKEENDKSRISSSSSSTSLGFGRNNSRLSCKK   5 Protein Hordeum vulgare npr1 protein MEAPSSHVTTSFSDCDSVSMEDAAPDADVEALRRLSDNLAAAFRSPDDFAFLADARFAVP GAPDLCVHRCVLSARSPFLRALFKRRAAAAGSAGGAEGDRVELRELLGGEVEVGYEALRL VLDYLYSGRVCDLPKTACACVDEGGCAHVGCHPAVSFMAQVLFAASTFQVGELASLFQRH LLDLLDKVEADNLPLVLSVANLCNKSCVKLFERCLERVVRSDLDMITLDKALPLDVIKQI IDSRITLGLASPEDNGFPNKHVRRILSALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGQTNLDDAFALHYAVEH CDSKITTELLDIALADVNLRNPRGYTVLHIAARRRDPKIVVSLLTKGARPSDFTFDGRKA VQIAKRLTKHGDYFGNTEEGKPSPNDKLCIEILEEAERRDPQLGEASVSLALAGDCLRGK LLYLENRVALARIMFPIEARVAMDIAQVDGTLEFTLGSCTNPPPEITTVDLNDTPFKMKD EHLARMRALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSNVLDKIMDDEPELASLGRDASSERKRRFHDLHDTLL KAFSEDKEEFARSATLSASSSSTPTVARNLTGRPRR   6 Protein Medicago truncatula npr1 protein MMYLRSGFSEYSNEISNNTSSELCCTTAPNSTITASQDVITFTQPLNRLSDNLASILDDT GFDFFSDAKIIAKDGREVSVHRCILSARSSFFKDVFKGKKETTLQLKEVAKDYDVGFDAL NVVLRYLYSERVEDHHLSAKDVCVCVDDDCLHFGCWPVVDFMLQLLYASFTFQISELLAL YQDHLLDILDKMAIDDMLVVLSIANICGKTCDKLLKRCTDIIVESNVDITTLEKSLPQSI VKLVTYKRKQLGLDMYETVNLLDKHVTRIHRALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGHTTLDEAHALHY AVAYCDVKTTTELLDLGLADVNHKNLRGYSVLHVAAKRKEPKIIVSLLTKGAQPSELTMD GRKALQISKRCTKAVDYYKSTEEGKVSSNDRLCIEILEQAERREPLHGEASLSLAKAGDD LRMKLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVVMDITPIDGTSEFTPNLGGYQRTTMDLNEAPFKIK EEHLIRMKALSRAVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSQLACMGHDSPEDRQVKRRRYAE LQEVLNKVFHEDKEEFDKSGMSSSSSSTSIGMPRANNSMIAMNH   7 Protein Nicotiana tabacum npr1 protein MDNSRTAFSDSNDISGSSSICCIGGGMTEFFSPETSPAEITSLKRLSETLESIFDASLPE FDYFADAKLVVSGPCKEIPVHRCILSARSPFFKNLFCGKKEKNSSKVELKEVMKEHEVSY DAVMSVLAYLYSGKVRPSPKDVCVCVDNDCSHVACRPAVAFLVEVLYTSFTFQISELVDK FQRHLLDILDKTAADDVMMVLSVANICGKACERLLSSCIEIIVKSNVDIITLDKALPHDI VKQITDSRAELGLQGPESNGFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELLQMLLREGHTTLDDAYALHY AVAYCDAKTTAELLDLALADINHQNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPKIVVSLLTKGARPSDLTSD GRKALQIAKRLTRLVDFSKSPEEGKSASNDRLCIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASVSLAMAGDD LRMKLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFPLASIGKKMANAQRTTVDLNEA PFKIKEEHLNRLRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSEIAYMGNDTAEERQLKK QRYMELQEILTKAFTEDKEEYDKTNNISSSCSSTSKGVDKPNKLPFRK   8 Protein Oryza sativa npr1 protein MEPPTSHVTNAFSDSDSASVEEGGADADADVEALRRLSDNLAAAFRSPEDFAFLADARIA VPGGGGGGGDLLVHRCVLSARSPFLRGVFARRAAAAAGGGGEDGGERLELRELLGGGGEE VEVGYEALRLVLDYLYSGRVGDLPKAACLCVDEDCAHVGCHPAVAFMAQVLFAASTFQVA ELTNLFQRRLLDVLDKVEVDNLLLILSVANLCNKSCMKLLERCLDMVVRSNLDMITLEKS LPPDVIKQIIDARLSLGLISPENKGFPNKHVRRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLTEGQTNLDDA FALHYAVEHCDSKITTELLDLALADVNHRNPRGYTVLHIAARRREPKIIVSLLTKGARPA DVTFDGRKAVQISKRLTKQGDYFGVTEEGKPSPKDRLCIEILEQAERRDPQLGEASVSLA MAGESLRGRLLYLENRVALARIMFPMEARVAMDIAQVDGTLEFNLGSGANPPPERQRTTV DLNESPFIMKEEHLARMTALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSNVLDKIMDDETDPVSLGRDTSAEKR KRFHDLQDVLQKAFHEDKEENDRSGLSSSSSSTSIGAIRPRR   9 Protein Glycine max npr1 protein MNFRSGSSDSKDASNSSTGEAYLSGVSDVITPLRRLSEQLGSILDGGGVDFFSDAKIVAG DGREVAVNRCILAARSGFFKHVFAGGGGCVLRLKEVAKDYNVGLEALGIVLAYLYSGRVK PLPQGGVCVCVDDVCSHFGCRPAIDFLLQLLYASSTFQLNELIALXQGHLLDILEKVAID DILVVLSVANICGIVCERLLARCTEMILKSDADITTLEKALPQHLVKQITDKRIELDLYM PENFNFPDKHVNRIHRALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAYCDVKTTTELLD LGLADVNHKNYRGYSVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGAQPSDLTLDGRKALQISKRLTKAV DYYKSTEEGKVSCSDRLCIEILEQAERREPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRMKLLYLENRVGLA KVLFPMEAKVIMDISQIDGTSEFPSTDMYCPNISDHQRTTVDLNDAPFRMKEEHLVRLRA LSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLTQLTCMGDDSPEDRLRKRRRYVELQEVLNKVF NEDKEEFDRSAMSSSSSSTSIGVVRPNANLAMKN  10 Protein Populus trichocarpa npr1 protein MDNRIGFSDSNEISNGSSTCCIETPSTSKPFTNPEIVALQQLSGNLEAIFDSQDFDYFAD AKITSSNYNREVPVHRCILSARSPFFKSVFSSPVAKDRSGVAKFELKELAKDYDVGFDSL MTVLGYLYCGKVRPWPKDVCACVDDDCSHIACRPAVDLLTEVLYASFTFQVNELVALYQR HLLDILDKVSTDDILVILAVANICGEACERLLTRCVEIIVKSNVDIVTLDKALPQYIVKK IMDSRLELGLNVPENSNLLDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLKEAHTNLDDAHALHYAVS YCDAKTTTEILDLGLADVNCRNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKDPKIIVSLLTKGARLSDLTLDGRK ALQISKRLTRAMDYHKSTEEGKASPKERLCIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRM KLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFPLAGIRPSILSGAQRGAVDLNEAPF RMHEEHLNRMRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSDVLNKIMDADDLSQIAYLGNETSEERLVKRQR HLELQDALSKAFNEDKQEFDRSVISSSSSTKSIGTARSNGKLIDMGGGH  11 Protein Cucumis melo npr1 protein MADSHEPSSSLSFTSSSYTNGSQSCNMSPSSISDPMPSLEVISLNKLSSNLAQLLIHDGC DYTDADIVVEGVPVGIHRCILAVRSRFFHYLFQKDEKPAMKDGKPQYHMNELLPYGKVGH EAFLILLSYLYSGKLNSSPANVSTCVDNSCAHDACGPAIDFAVQLTYASSIFQIPELVSL FQRHLLNYVVKALVENVIQILVVAFHCQLSPLVTQCIDRIARSDLDCASLEKGLPYEVAE RIKLVRLKSRGGDEQNLVADSPRDKKIKKICLALDSDDVELMKLLLSESDVTLDEANALH YAAAYCDPKSLTEVLNLNIADVNLRNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKDPSVIMSLLNKGAWAFDLTP DGRTAANICQRLTRPKDYHAKTEKGQETNKDRLCIDILEREMWRNPTSDSSILSLAMADD VHMKLIYLENRVAFARLLFPSEARLAMDIANADTTSEFVGLSMPKNSNKNLREVNLNETP SVQNKRFLSRMQALLKTVEMGRRFFPNCSEALDKFVADDLPDLFYLEKGTVEEQRIKRKR FKELKNDVQKAFDKDKAAKLNQSGLSPSSSSTSLKHGTNHRNVRRQ  12 Protein Zea mays npr1 protein MEPMDSQLTALALSDSDSASVEGAAADAADADLQALRRLSDNLAAAFRSPDDFAFLADAR IVVPGAPDLRVHRCVLCARSPFLRDAFARRAASAGEEEKDKDSYMCKVELRDLLGDEVEV GYDALRLVLDYLYSGRVAALPKAACLCVDEDACAHVGCRPAVAFMAQVLFAASTFDVAEL TNLFQRRLLDVLDKVEVDNLPLVLSVANLCSKSCVKLLERCLDVVVRSNLDMIALEKKLP PDVVKEIVDARVSLGLVSPEDKGFPNIHVRRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLKEGKTNLDDAYA LHYAVEHCDSKITTELLDLALADVNHRNPRGYTVLHIAAMRREPKIIVSLLTKGARPSDL TFDDRKAVQISKRLTKHGDYFGPTEDGKPSPKDRLCIEVLEQAERRDPQLGEASVSLAIE GDSARGRLLYLENRVALARILFPMEARVAMDIAQVDGTLEFTLVSSVNLPAEIQRTVDLN DTPFTMKEEHLARMRALSKTVEVGKRFFPRCSKVLDTIMDDEAEMASLGRDTSAEKKRRF HDLQDLVQKAFSEDKEENDRSAARSPSSSSTTTTSIGAVRPRR  13 Protein Arabidopsis thaliana RDR2 sequence alignment  14 Protein Nicotiana benthamiana RDR2 sequence alignment  15 Protein Solanum lycopersicon RDR2 sequence alignment  16 Protein Vitis vinifera RDR2 sequence alignment  17 Protein Hordeum vulgare RDR2 sequence alignment  18 Protein Medicago truncatula RDR2 sequence alignment  19 Protein Nicotiana tabacum RDR2 sequence alignment  20 Protein Oryza sativa RDR2 sequence alignment  21 Protein Glycine max RDR2 sequence alignment  22 Protein Populus trichocarpa RDR2 sequence alignment  23 Protein Cucumis melo RDR2 sequence alignment  24 Protein Zea mays RDR2 sequence alignment  25 Protein Raphanus sativus RDR2 sequence alignment  26 Protein Brassica napus RDR2 sequence alignment  27 Protein Brassica oleracea RDR2 sequence alignment  28 Protein Brassica rapa RDR2 sequence alignment  29 Protein Brassica juncea RDR2 sequence alignment  30 Protein Brassica napus npr1 protein METIARFDDFYEISSTSFPAAPAPTNNSGSSTVFPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVMIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGTDSRGFFGIIFYMLQPSVHHLKKVSRVPPRTTTS VPSNPEGL  31 Protein Brassica rapa npr1 protein METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADDSCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVNIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAKPSHRRR  32 Protein Brassica oleracea npr1 protein METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELFTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALTAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVMIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP EDIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGFADVNRRNPRGYTVIHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALEMSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNTREPFPEDVSPSLAVAADQF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTGIIKSFVTKITETNLCLTDLVFLLFLPVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTIL ALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQMAFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAK PSHRRR  33 Protein Raphanus sativus npr1 protein METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTTRPEVSASQLLSNSLESVFD SPEEFYSDAKLVLSDDREVSFHRCILSARSPFFKAELAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKKLAAEY DVGFDSVVAVLAYVYCGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVEQIPE LVTMYQRHLLDVIEKVIIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCKEIIVMSDVDVVTLKKSL PEDVAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLALVDMLLNEGHTNLDDAYALHF AVAYCDVQTAKDLLELELADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANASETSLD GRTALVIAKQVTKATECCILERGKLSAKGGVCVEILKEPDNKREPFPEDVSPSLAVAADE LKIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTHEFVVTTTTDLNMEPFKFVEMHRSR LTALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDILNFEDLTILALVEEETPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVR MAFSKDKEDLGKSSLSPSSSSTSKLNGKKRSIAKLSHRRRR  34 Protein Brassica juncea npr1 protein METIARFDDFYEISSTSFPAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADDSCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVNIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLDVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVCVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAKPSHRRR  35- DNA Primers 133 134 Protein A. thaliana npr1 rdr2 protein MDTTIDGFADSYEISSTSFVATDNTDSSIVYLAAEQVLTGPDVSALQLLSNSFESVFDSP DDFYSDAKLVLSDGREVSFHRCVLSARSSFFKSALAAAKKEKDSNNTAAVKLELKEIAKD YEVGFDSVVTVLAYVYSSRVRPPPKGVSECADENCCHVACRPAVDFMLEVLYLAFIFKIP ELITLYQRHLLDVVDKVVIEDTLVILKLANICGKACMKLLDRCKEIIVKSNVDMVSLEKS LPEELVKEIIDRRKELGLEVPKVKKHVSNVHKALDSDDIELVKLLLKEDHTNLDDACALH FAVAYCNVKTATDLLKLDLADVNHRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPQLILSLLEKGASASEATL EGRTALMIAKQATMAVEANNIPEQAKHSLKGRLAVEILEQEDKREQIPRDVPPSFAVAAD ELKMTLLDLENRVALAQRLFPTEAQAAMEIAEMKGTCEFIVTSLEPDRLTGTKRTSPGVK IAPFRILEEHQSRLKALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSAVLDQIMNCEDLTQLACGEDDTAEKRLQ KKQRYMEIQETLKKAFSEDNLELGNSSLTDSTSSTSKSTGGKRSNRKLSHRRR 135 Protein A. thaliana npr1 rdrl protein MDTTIDGFADSYEISSTSFVATDNTDSSIVYLAAEQVLTGPDVSALQLLSNSFESVFDSP DDFYSDAKLVLSDGREVSFHRCVLSARSSFFKSALAAAKKEKDSNNTAAVKLELKEIAKD YEVGFDSVVTVLAYVYSSRVRPPPKGVSEAADENAAHVAARPAVDFMLEVLYLAFIFKIP ELITLYQRHLLDVVDKVVIEDTLVILKLANICGKACMKLLDRCKEIIVKSNVDMVSLEKS LPEELVKEIIDRRKELGLEVPKVKKHVSNVHKALDSDDIELVKLLLKEDHTNLDDACALH FAVAYCNVKTATDLLKLDLADVNHRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPQLILSLLEKGASASEATL EGRTALMIAKQATMAVECNNIPEQCKHSLKGRLCVEILEQEDKREQIPRDVPPSFAVAAD ELKMTLLDLENRVALAQRLFPTEAQAAMEIAEMKGTCEFIVTSLEPDRLTGTKRTSPGVK IAPFRILEEHQSRLKALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSAVLDQIMNCEDLTQLACGEDDTAEKRLQ KKQRYMEIQETLKKAFSEDNLELGNSSLTDSTSSTSKSTGGKRSNRKLSHRRR 136 Protein A. thaliana npr1 rdr3 protein MDTTIDGFADSYEISSTSFVATDNTDSSIVYLAAEQVLTGPDVSALQLLSNSFESVFDSP DDFYSDAKLVLSDGREVSFHRCVLSARSSFFKSALAAAKKEKDSNNTAAVKLELKEIAKD YEVGFDSVVTVLAYVYSSRVRPPPKGVSECADENCCHVACRPAVDFMLEVLYLAFIFKIP ELITLYQRHLLDVVDKVVIEDTLVILKLANICGKACMKLLDRCKEIIVKSNVDMVSLEKS LPEELVKEIIDRRKELGLEVPKVKKHVSNVHKALDSDDIELVKLLLKEDHTNLDDACALH FAVAYCNVKTATDLLKLDLADVNHRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPQLILSLLEKGASASEATL EGRTALMIAKQATMAVECNNIPEQCKHSLKGRLCVEILEQEDKREQIPRDVPPSFAVAAD ELKMTLLDLENRVALAQRLFPTEAQAAMEIAEMKGTCEFIVTSLEPDRLTGTKRTSPGVK IAPFRILEEHQSRLKALSKTVELGKRFFPRASAVLDQIMNAEDLTQLAAGEDDTAEKRLQ KKQRYMEIQETLKKAFSEDNLELGNSSLTDSTSSTSKSTGGKRSNRKLSHRRR 137 Protein Nicotiana benthamiana npr1 rdr2 protein MDNSGTAFSDSNDISGSSSICCIGGGMTESFSPETSPAEITSLKRLSETLESIF DAASPEFDYFADAKLVIPGAGKEIPVHRCILSARSPFFKNLFCGKKEKNSNKVELKEIMK EYEVSYDGVVSVLAYLYSGKIRPSPKDVCVCVDNDCSHVACRPAVAFLAEVLYTSFTFQI SELVDKFQRHLLDILDKIAADDVMVVLSVANICGKACERLLSSCIEIIVKSNVDIITLDK ALPHDIVKQITDSRAELGLQGPESNGFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELLQMLLREGHTTLDD AFALHYAVAYCDAKTTAELLDLALAEINHQNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGARP SDLTSDGRKALQIAKRLTRLVDFSKSPEEGKSASKDRLAIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASVSL AMAGDDLRMKLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFPLASINKKMVNAQRTT VDLNEVPFKIKEEHLNRLRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSEIAYMGNDTAE ERQLKKQRYMELQEILSKAFTEDKEEFDMTNNISSSCSSTSKGVDKPNKLPFRK 138 Protein Solanum lycopersicon npr1 rdr2 protein MDSRTAFSDSNDISGSSSICCMNESETSLADVNSLKRLSETLESIFDASAPDFDFFADAK LLAPGGKEIPVHRCILSARSPFFKNVFCGKDSNTKLELKELMKEYEVSFDAVVSVLAYLY SGKVRPASKDVCVCVDNECLHVACRPAVAFMVQVLYASFTFQISQLVDKFQRHLLDILDK AVADDVMMVLSVANICGKACERLLSRCIDIIVKSNVDIITLDKSLPHDIVKQITDSRAEL GLQGPESNGFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELLRMLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAYCDAKTTA ELLDLSLADVNHQNPRGHTVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGARPSDLTSDGKKALQIAKRL TRLVDFTKSTEEGKSAPKDRLAIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRMKLLYLENR VGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSELPLASMRKKIADAQRTTVDLNEAPFKMKEEHLNR LRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSEIAYMGNDTVEERQLKKQRYMELQEILS KAFTEDKEEFAKTNMSSSCSSTSKGVDKPNNLPFRK 139 Protein Vitis vinifera npr1 rdr2 protein MDYRAALSDSNDFSGSSSICCIAATTESLSSEVSPPDISALRRLSENLESVFESPEFDFF TDARIVVAGGREVPVHRCILAARSVFFKAVLAGARKEKEAKFELKDLAKEFDVGYDSLVA VLGYLYSGRVGALPKGVCACVDDDCPHSACRPAVDFMVEVLYASFAFQISELVGLYQRRL MDILDKVASDDILVILSVANLCGKACDRLLARCIDIIIKSDVDVVTLERALPQEMVKQIV DSRLELGFEEPESTNFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAFG DAKTTTELLDLGLADVNHKNHRGYTVLHIAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGARPTDITPDGRNAL QIAKRLTRAVDYHKSTEEGKPSPKDQLAVEVLEQAERRDPLIGEASFSLAIAGDDLRMKL LYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFTLTAIRPRNLADAQRTTVDLNEAPFRI KEEHLNRLRALSKTVDLGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSDLAYLGNGTTEERLLKKRRYK ELQDQLCKAFNEDKEENDKSRISSSSSSTSLGFGRNNSRLSCKK 140 Protein Hordeum vulgare npr1 rdr2 protein MEAPSSHVTTSFSDCDSVSMEDAAPDADVEALRRLSDNLAAAFRSPDDFAFLADARFAVP GAPDLCVHRCVLSARSPFLRALFKRRAAAAGSAGGAEGDRVELRELLGGEVEVGYEALRL VLDYLYSGRVCDLPKTACACVDEGGCAHVGCHPAVSFMAQVLFAASTFQVGELASLFQRH LLDLLDKVEADNLPLVLSVANLCNKSCVKLFERCLERVVRSDLDMITLDKALPLDVIKQI IDSRITLGLASPEDNGFPNKHVRRILSALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGQTNLDDAFALHYAVEH CDSKITTELLDIALADVNLRNPRGYTVLHIAARRRDPKIVVSLLTKGARPSDFTFDGRKA VQIAKRLTKHGDYFGNTEEGKPSPNDKLAIEILEEAERRDPQLGEASVSLALAGDCLRGK LLYLENRVALARIMFPIEARVAMDIAQVDGTLEFTLGSCTNPPPEITTVDLNDTPFKMKD EHLARMRALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSNVLDKIMDDEPELASLGRDASSERKRRFHDLHDTLL KAFSEDKEEFARSATLSASSSSTPTVARNLTGRPRR 141 Protein Medicago truncatula npr1 rdr2 protein MMYLRSGFSEYSNEISNNTSSELCCTTAPNSTITASQDVITFTQPLNRLSDNLASILDDT GFDFFSDAKIIAKDGREVSVHRCILSARSSFFKDVFKGKKETTLQLKEVAKDYDVGFDAL NWLRYLYSERVEDHHLSAKDVCVCVDDDCLHFGCWPVVDFMLQLLYASFTFQISELLAL YQDHLLDILDKMAIDDMLVVLSIANICGKTCDKLLKRCTDIIVESNVDITTLEKSLPQSI VKLVTYKRKQLGLDMYETVNLLDKHVTRIHRALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGHTTLDEAHALHY AVAYCDVKTTTELLDLGLADVNHKNLRGYSVLHVAAKRKEPKIIVSLLTKGAQPSELTMD GRKALQISKRATKAVDYYKSTEEGKVSSNDRLAIEILEQAERREPLHGEASLSLAKAGDD LRMKLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVVMDITPIDGTSEFTPNLGGYQRTTMDLNEAPFKIK EEHLIRMKALSRAVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSQLACMGHDSPEDRQVKRRRYAE LQEVLNKVFHEDKEEFDKSGMSSSSSSTSIGMPRANNSMIAMNH 142 Protein Nicotiana tabacum npr1 rdr2 protein MDNSRTAFSDSNDISGSSSICCIGGGMTEFFSPETSPAEITSLKRLSETLESIFDASLPE FDYFADAKLVVSGPCKEIPVHRCILSARSPFFKNLFCGKKEKNSSKVELKEVMKEHEVSY DAVMSVLAYLYSGKVRPSPKDVCVCVDNDCSHVACRPAVAFLVEVLYTSFTFQISELVDK FQRHLLDILDKTAADDVMMVLSVANICGKACERLLSSCIEIIVKSNVDIITLDKALPHDI VKQITDSRAELGLQGPESNGFPDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELLQMLLREGHTTLDDAYALHY AVAYCDAKTTAELLDLALADINHQNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPKIVVSLLTKGARPSDLTSD GRKALQIAKRLTRLVDFSKSPEEGKSASNDRLAIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASVSLAMAGDD LRMKLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFPLASIGKKMANAQRTTVDLNEA PFKIKEEHLNRLRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLSEIAYMGNDTAEERQLKK QRYMELQEILTKAFTEDKEEYDKTNNISSSCSSTSKGVDKPNKLPFRK 143 Protein Oryza sativa npr1 rdr2 protein MEPPTSHVTNAFSDSDSASVEEGGADADADVEALRRLSDNLAAAFRSPEDFAFLADARIA VPGGGGGGGDLLVHRCVLSARSPFLRGVFARRAAAAAGGGGEDGGERLELRELLGGGGEE VEVGYEALRLVLDYLYSGRVGDLPKAACLCVDEDCAHVGCHPAVAFMAQVLFAASTFQVA ELTNLFQRRLLDVLDKVEVDNLLLILSVANLCNKSCMKLLERCLDMVVRSNLDMITLEKS LPPDVIKQIIDARLSLGLISPENKGFPNKHVRRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLTEGQTNLDDA FALHYAVEHCDSKITTELLDLALADVNHRNPRGYTVLHIAARRREPKIIVSLLTKGARPA DVTFDGRKAVQISKRLTKQGDYFGVTEEGKPSPKDRLAIEILEQAERRDPQLGEASVSLA MAGESLRGRLLYLENRVALARIMFPMEARVAMDIAQVDGTLEFNLGSGANPPPERQRTTV DLNESPFIMKEEHLARMTALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSNVLDKIMDDETDPVSLGRDTSAEKR KRFHDLQDVLQKAFHEDKEENDRSGLSSSSSSTSIGAIRPRR 144 Protein Glycine max npr1 rdr2 protein MNFRSGSSDSKDASNSSTGEAYLSGVSDVITPLRRLSEQLGSILDGGGVDFFSDAKIVAG DGREVAVNRCILAARSGFFKHVFAGGGGCVLRLKEVAKDYNVGLEALGIVLAYLYSGRVK PLPQGGVCVCVDDVCSHFGCRPAIDFLLQLLYASSTFQLNELIALXQGHLLDILEKVAID DILVVLSVANICGIVCERLLARCTEMILKSDADITTLEKALPQHLVKQITDKRIELDLYM PENFNFPDKHVNRIHRALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAYCDVKTTTELLD LGLADVNHKNYRGYSVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGAQPSDLTLDGRKALQISKRLTKAV DYYKSTEEGKVSCSDRLAIEILEQAERREPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRMKLLYLENRVGLA KVLFPMEAKVIMDISQIDGTSEFPSTDMYCPNISDHQRTTVDLNDAPFRMKEEHLVRLRA LSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLTQLTCMGDDSPEDRLRKRRRYVELQEVLNKVF NEDKEEFDRSAMSSSSSSTSIGVVRPNANLAMKN 145 Protein Populus trichocarpa npr1 rdr2 protein MDNRIGFSDSNEISNGSSTCCIETPSTSKPFTNPEIVALQQLSGNLEAIFDSQDFDYFAD AKITSSNYNREVPVHRCILSARSPFFKSVFSSPVAKDRSGVAKFELKELAKDYDVGFDSL MTVLGYLYCGKVRPWPKDVCACVDDDCSHIACRPAVDLLTEVLYASFTFQVNELVALYQR HLLDILDKVSTDDILVILAVANICGEACERLLTRCVEIIVKSNVDIVTLDKALPQYIVKK IMDSRLELGLNVPENSNLLDKHVKRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLKEAHTNLDDAHALHYAVS YCDAKTTTEILDLGLADVNCRNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKDPKIIVSLLTKGARLSDLTLDGRK ALQISKRLTRAMDYHKSTEEGKASPKERLAIEILEQAERRDPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRM KLLYLENRVGLAKLLFPMEAKVAMDIAQVDGTSEFPLAGIRPSILSGAQRGAVDLNEAPF RMHEEHLNRMRALSRTVELGKRFFPRCSDVLNKIMDADDLSQIAYLGNETSEERLVKRQR HLELQDALSKAFNEDKQEFDRSVISSSSSTKSIGTARSNGKLIDMGGGH 146 Protein Cucumis melo npr1 rdr2 protein MADSHEPSSSLSFTSSSYTNGSQSCNMSPSSISDPMPSLEVISLNKLSSNLAQLLIHDGC DYTDADIVVEGVPVGIHRCILAVRSRFFHYLFQKDEKPAMKDGKPQYHMNELLPYGKVGH EAFLILLSYLYSGKLNSSPANVSTCVDNSCAHDACGPAIDFAVQLTYASSIFQIPELVSL FQRHLLNYVVKALVENVIQILVVAFHCQLSPLVTQCIDRIARSDLDCASLEKGLPYEVAE RIKLVRLKSRGGDEQNLVADSPRDKKIKKICLALDSDDVELMKLLLSESDVTLDEANALH YAAAYCDPKSLTEVLNLNIADVNLRNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKDPSVIMSLLNKGAWAFDLTP DGRTAANICQRLTRPKDYHAKTEKGQETNKDRLAIDILEREMWRNPTSDSSILSLAMADD VHMKLIYLENRVAFARLLFPSEARLAMDIANADTTSEFVGLSMPKNSNKNLREVNLNETP SVQNKRFLSRMQALLKTVEMGRRFFPNCSEALDKFVADDLPDLFYLEKGTVEEQRIKRKR FKELKNDVQKAFDKDKAAKLNQSGLSPSSSSTSLKHGTNHRNVRRQ 147 Protein Zea mays npr1 rdr2 protein MEPMDSQLTALALSDSDSASVEGAAADAADADLQALRRLSDNLAAAFRSPDDFAFLADAR IVVPGAPDLRVHRCVLCARSPFLRDAFARRAASAGEEEKDKDSYMCKVELRDLLGDEVEV GYDALRLVLDYLYSGRVAALPKAACLCVDEDACAHVGCRPAVAFMAQVLFAASTFDVAEL TNLFQRRLLDVLDKVEVDNLPLVLSVANLCSKSCVKLLERCLDVVVRSNLDMIALEKKLP PDVVKEIVDARVSLGLVSPEDKGFPNIHVRRIHRALDSDDVELVRMLLKEGKTNLDDAYA LHYAVEHCDSKITTELLDLALADVNHRNPRGYTVLHIAAMRREPKIIVSLLTKGARPSDL TFDDRKAVQISKRLTKHGDYFGPTEDGKPSPKDRLAIEVLEQAERRDPQLGEASVSLAIE GDSARGRLLYLENRVALARILFPMEARVAMDIAQVDGTLEFTLVSSVNLPAEIQRTVDLN DTPFTMKEEHLARMRALSKTVEVGKRFFPRCSKVLDTIMDDEAEMASLGRDTSAEKKRRF HDLQDLVQKAFSEDKEENDRSAARSPSSSSTTTTSIGAVRPRR 148 Protein Brassica napus npr1 rdr2 protein METIARFDDFYEISSTSFPAAPAPTNNSGSSTVFPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVMIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGTDSRGFFGIIFYMLQPSVHHLKKVSRVPPRTTTS VPSNPEGL 149 Protein Brassica rapa npr1 rdr2 protein METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADDSCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVNIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAKPSHRRR 150 Protein Brassica oleracea npr1 rdr2 protein METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELFTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALTAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVMIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP EDIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGFADVNRRNPRGYTVIHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALEMSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNTREPFPEDVSPSLAVAADQF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTGIIKSFVTKITETNLCLTDLVFLLFLPVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTIL ALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQMAFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAK PSHRRR 151 Protein Raphanus sativus npr1 rdr2 protein METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTTRPEVSASQLLSNSLESVFD SPEEFYSDAKLVLSDDREVSFHRCILSARSPFFKAELAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKKLAAEY DVGFDSVVAVLAYVYCGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVEQIPE LVTMYQRHLLDVIEKVIIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCKEIIVMSDVDVVTLKKSL PEDVAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLALVDMLLNEGHTNLDDAYALHF AVAYCDVQTAKDLLELELADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANASETSLD GRTALVIAKQVTKATECCILERGKLSAKGGVAVEILKEPDNKREPFPEDVSPSLAVAADE LKIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTHEFVVTTTTDLNMEPFKFVEMHRSR LTALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDILNFEDLTILALVEEETPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVR MAFSKDKEDLGKSSLSPSSSSTSKLNGKKRSIAKLSHRRRR 152 Protein Brassica juncea npr1 rdr2 protein METIARFDDFYEISSTSFPAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADDSCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVNIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLDVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAECCILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAKPSHRRR 153 Protein A. thaliana npr1 rdr2 protein v2 MDTTIDGFADSYEISSTSFVATDNTDSSIVYLAAEQVLTGPDVSALQLLSNSFESVFDSP DDFYSDAKLVLSDGREVSFHRCVLSARSSFFKSALAAAKKEKDSNNTAAVKLELKEIAKD YEVGFDSVVTVLAYVYSSRVRPPPKGVSECADENCCHVACRPAVDFMLEVLYLAFIFKIP ELITLYQRHLLDVVDKVVIEDTLVILKLANICGKACMKLLDRCKEIIVKSNVDMVSLEKS LPEELVKEIIDRRKELGLEVPKVKKHVSNVHKALDSDDIELVKLLLKEDHTNLDDACALH FAVAYCNVKTATDLLKLDLADVNHRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPQLILSLLEKGASASEATL EGRTALMIAKQATMAVECNNIPEQCKHSLKGRLAVEILEQEDKREQIPRDVPPSFAVAAD ELKMTLLDLENRVALAQRLFPTEAQAAMEIAEMKGTCEFIVTSLEPDRLTGTKRTSPGVK IAPFRILEEHQSRLKALSKTVELGKRFFPRCSAVLDQIMNCEDLTQLACGEDDTAEKRLQ KKQRYMEIQETLKKAFSEDNLELGNSSLTDSTSSTSKSTGGKRSNRKLSHRRR 154 Protein Glycine max npr1 rdr2 protein v2 MNFRSGSSDSKDASNSSTGEAYLSGVSDVITPLRRLSEQLGSILDGGGVDFFSDAKIVAG DGREVAVNRCILAARSGFFKHVFAGGGGCVLRLKEVAKDYNVGLEALGIVLAYLYSGRVK PLPQGGVCVCVDDVCSHFGCRPAIDFLLQLLYASSTFQLNELIALXQGHLLDILEKVAID DILVVLSVANICGIVCERLLARCTEMILKSDADITTLEKALPQHLVKQITDKRIELDLYM PENFNFPDKHVNRIHRALDSDDVELVRLLLKEGHTTLDDAYALHYAVAYCDVKTTTELLD LGLADVNHKNYRGYSVLHVAAMRKEPKIIVSLLTKGAQPSDLTLDGRKALQISKRLTKAV DYYKSTEEGKVSASDRLAIEILEQAERREPLLGEASLSLAMAGDDLRMKLLYLENRVGLA KVLFPMEAKVIMDISQIDGTSEFPSTDMYCPNISDHQRTTVDLNDAPFRMKEEHLVRLRA LSRTVELGKRFFPRCSEVLNKIMDADDLTQLTCMGDDSPEDRLRKRRRYVELQEVLNKVF NEDKEEFDRSAMSSSSSSTSIGVVRPNANLAMKN 155 Protein Cucumis melo npr1 rdr2 protein v2 MADSHEPSSSLSFTSSSYTNGSQSCNMSPSSISDPMPSLEVISLNKLSSNLAQLLIHDGC DYTDADIVVEGVPVGIHRCILAVRSRFFHYLFQKDEKPAMKDGKPQYHMNELLPYGKVGH EAFLILLSYLYSGKLNSSPANVSTCVDNSCAHDACGPAIDFAVQLTYASSIFQIPELVSL FQRHLLNYVVKALVENVIQILVVAFHCQLSPLVTQCIDRIARSDLDCASLEKGLPYEVAE RIKLVRLKSRGGDEQNLVADSPRDKKIKKICLALDSDDVELMKLLLSESDVTLDEANALH YAAAYCDPKSLTEVLNLNIADVNLRNSRGYTVLHVAAMRKDPSVIMSLLNKGAWAFDLTP DGRTAANIAQRLTRPKDYHAKTEKGQETNKDRLAIDILEREMWRNPTSDSSILSLAMADD VHMKLIYLENRVAFARLLFPSEARLAMDIANADTTSEFVGLSMPKNSNKNLREVNLNETP SVQNKRFLSRMQALLKTVEMGRRFFPNCSEALDKFVADDLPDLFYLEKGTVEEQRIKRKR FKELKNDVQKAFDKDKAAKLNQSGLSPSSSSTSLKHGTNHRNVRRQ 156 Protein Brassica napus npr1 rdr2 protein v2 METIARFDDFYEISSTSFPAAPAPTNNSGSSTVFPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVMIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAEAAILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEEGKREEPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQREMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGTDSRGFFGIIFYMLQPSVHHLKKVSRVPPRTTTS VPSNPEGL 157 Protein Brassica rapa npr1 rdr2 protein v2 METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADDSCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVNIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAEAAILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAKPSHRRR 158 Protein Brassica oleracea npr1 rdr2 protein v2 METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELFTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALTAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVMIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP EDIAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGFADVNRRNPRGYTVIHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALEMSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAEAAILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNTREPFPEDVSPSLAVAADQF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTGIIKSFVTKITETNLCLTDLVFLLFLPVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTIL ALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQMAFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAK PSHRRR 159 Protein Raphanus sativus npr1 rdr2 protein v2 METIAGFDDFYEISSTSFLAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTTRPEVSASQLLSNSLESVFD SPEEFYSDAKLVLSDDREVSFHRCILSARSPFFKAELAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKKLAAEY DVGFDSVVAVLAYVYCGRVRPPPKGVSECADESCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVEQIPE LVTMYQRHLLDVIEKVIIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCKEIIVMSDVDVVTLKKSL PEDVAKQVIDIRKELGLEVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLALVDMLLNEGHTNLDDAYALHF AVAYCDVQTAKDLLELELADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANASETSLD GRTALVIAKQVTKATEAAILERGKLSAKGGVAVEILKEPDNKREPFPEDVSPSLAVAADE LKIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTHEFVVTTTTDLNMEPFKFVEMHRSR LTALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDILNFEDLTILALVEEETPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVR MAFSKDKEDLGKSSLSPSSSSTSKLNGKKRSIAKLSHRRRR 160 Protein Brassica juncea npr1 rdr2 protein v2 METIARFDDFYEISSTSFPAAPAPTDNSGSSTVYPTELLTRPEVSAFQLLSNSLESVFDS PEAFYSDAKLVLSDDKEVSFHRCILSARSLFFKAALAAAEKVQKSTPVKLELKTLAAEYD VGFDSVVAVLAYVYSGRVRPPPKGVSECADDSCCHVACRPAVDFMVEVLYLAFVFQIQEL VTMYQRHLLDVVDKVNIEDTLVVLKLANICGKACKKLFDKCREIIVKSNVDVVTLKKSLP ENIAKQVIDIRKELGLDVAEPEKHVSNIHKALESDDLDLVVMLLKEGHTNLDEAYALHFA VAYCDEKTARNLLELGLADVNRRNPRGYTVLHVAAMRKEPTLIALLLTKGANALETSLDG RTALLIAKQVTKAAEAAILEKGKLAAKGGVAVEILKQPDNKREPFPEDVFPSLAVAADEF KIRLIDLENRVQMARCLYPMEAQVAMDFARMKGTREFVVTTATDLHMEPFKFVEMHQSRL TALSKTVEFGKRFFPRCSKVLDDIVDSEDLTILALVEEDTPEQRQQKRQRFMEIQEIVQM AFSKDKEDLGKSSLSASSSSTSKLTGKKRSIAKPSHRRR 161 Protein SV40 nuclear localization signal CGGGPKKKRKVED 162 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 uORF1 ATGGTCGTCGTCTTCATCTTCTTCCTCCATCATCAGATTTTTCCTTAA 163 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 uORF2 ATGGAAGAAACCAAACGAAACTCCGATCTTCTCCGTTCTCGTGTTTTCCTCTCTGGCTTT TATTGCTGGGATTGGGAATTTCTCACCGCTCTCTTGCTTTTTAGTTGCTGA 164 Protein Protein encoded by Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 uORF1 MVVVFIFFLHHQIFP 165 Protein Protein encoded by Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 uORF2 MEETKRNSDLLRSRVFLSGFYCWDWEFLTALLLFSC 166 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 5′ regulatory sequence with uORF1 and uORF2 TCTAGAAACAGCATCCGTTTTTATAATTTAATTTTCTTACAAAGGTAGGACCAACATTTG TGATCTATAAATCTTCCTACTACGTTATATAGAGACCCTTCGACATAACACTTAACTCGT TTATATATTTGTTTTACTTGTTTTGCACATACACACAAAAATAAAAAAGACTTTATATTT ATTTACTTTTTAATCACACGGATTAGCTCCGGCGAAGTATGGTCGTCGTCTTCATCTTCT TCCTCCATCATCAGATTTTTCCTTAAATGGAAGAAACCAAACGAAACTCCGATCTTCTCC GTTCTCGTGTTTTCCTCTCTGGCTTTTATTGCTGGGATTGGGAATTTCTCACCGCTCTCT TGCTTTTTAGTTGCTGATTCTTTTTCCTTCGACTTTCTATTTCCAATCTTTCTTCTTCTC TTTGTGTATTAGATTATTTTTAGTTTTATTTTTCTGTGGTAAAATAAAAAAAGTTCGCCG GAG 167 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 promoter CGACGACTAGTTTACAGAGAATTTGGACCGTCCGATGTAAAGCGAAAATAGATCTAGGTT TTCCACGTGTCCCCTATTTTAATGAAACCTTCTGATTCATGTAGAAGTTTTACTCAATTT AATATTTTTTAGTATGTAGTTTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTTTTTATGGCTCCACACC AACTTTTAAAATGGTAGAAGCATGTTGCATGTGATCGAGTAAAAAGCCAATAATGAGATT CAGAAAAATAAAAATTACTTATATAGTTTTTTAGAGAAAAAATTGTATTTTGTTTAAAGC CTTAATCCGGTTGTTGAAAGAGCTGTGTCACGAGTTAAAAATATTTTCTTTTCATTTTTT AAGTAATTAGTTTATAATGCAAAAATGGTTTTTATTTATTTGTCTTCGCTTATAGAACTG CAAATTGAGAGAGAAAAAAATGAATTAGTGGTGGTGACCAAACATTCAGGAAGCTGTGAT TGATCATTTGTTTTTGAGGTGAGTGTAGTGGCAACGTATGACGTTAACATATGGCGTACA TAATAATTAGATGAACTTAATCATAATAATCATATTGCATTTAATTCATATATCATATCC CATTAGTTGGACCACTTGATTTGAGGTCATGAGAAGAACATTTATGTTTTTTTTAGTTTG AATCGGAGTGATCACTAAAAACTAGATACTGAAAATTTTCAAACTAAAATCATATTAATC TTCAAAAAATGTGAAATCTAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAACGCGTTCATTGTAGCCAAGTA GCCAAGTATTGTTAAAGTAGTAGTAAAAGAAGTTTAGCTTTAAGTGATATAATTTGACAC AAATCCTACTTAGATATGGATAATAGGATATAGCTTCATGTATATTTTTATCGTTGCTTC TGTAACCCCAAAATGTGTTGATATAAGCATTTGAATATTCGTATGTATAATGTTTTCTTT TCACCGTAAAACATATTACAATGTTAGTTTATATTGGATTTTGAATGTGTTTATGAACAG TTTTTGTCGACTCAAAAGTTAAGATGAGAATATGGAAGAAAGTAAAGTTTAAAAGTCATG ATGGGAACAAGGAATGGAACTCAAACATTCTAATACTCAACAAACGCAATTATATTATTA CCATGACTCATCTTTCAAGTTCCATCAAAAAGATTCGTGGAAAATAATAGACTTACGTTT CAAATCCATGTTTCTTTCTTTATAACAAAAAAAATGGATGTTTCTTGACGCGTGTCGAGA GTACTCACCATTACTCTGACTTCAGTGAGTTTGGTCAAGTGGTCTTTTTTTTTCTCATGT CACCAAAGGTCCAAACCCTAGAAATTAGTTCGAACTTTCCATAGAAGAACTGAATAAATG GTCCAAAATTGTTTTAAAAAGGACCTAAGCCATTAGTTCATTGAATTCGAGTTAATGGGT GAAGATTTTTATGATAACGAAAGTCGGAGTAATTATGCTTTTGGTCCGATAGTTTTCTAA TTTGTTTTCTTTCCATTTTTTTTTTTTCAAATACTACATACTATATAAGATAGTGGTTTG TGTTAATGTCATCGATGTGTTACCATCCGCATTATATTAATTATTTATCCCAACATAAAG TCAGAATCTGTAATTTCTTTGTTATAAAATACAGTAAATGGTTCCGTTTAAGCTGTTAGA TGATTTTTGAGTAAAAACTAATGTAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAACAATGTAGTTCATAATA CATGCATGTTTTAAAGAAGTTTCTTGTTTACTATCAACTTGAATAGTATTTCACGAAGTC AAAATTGTTCATTCCGACTTTTCTATGTGGAGAAAAAAAATTCTATCATTGTGCACAATT TAACAGAATGTAATTTCTTGTAAAAGAAGAGGAAACAATTCGCTGTTAGTAAATGTGAAG TATAGAAGTCTAAAATGAGATACCTCAACTAGCTTGAATTAAGAAAAAAAACAAAAACTC TATCGACATGAAAAAGGTCGCAAATATTTATCATTTATCAATGCCAAAGGAGTATTTGGT TCACAAAATACTGAATCATTTATATAGATATATAATTAGCTCTAAATTCTACTATAACTT GCAAAATAAGTATACTGACTCAATTATATAGCGTTTAAAAATAGACGATTTGTATGATGA GGTCCATATATATGGAGATGTGCATGCAACTATCGACATTTTCACACGTTGATATCGTCT TTCTCCAATGGAGACTTGAATTTGTGTAAACTATGAATACTCGTCTCTCTAAGACCTTTT TTCTTCAACCATGCCAACTATTTAGGTAAGATTTTACTGTCTTTGATTGATATTAAATAC TTAGCCGTGGCGTTATCAATGAATGATAATAAAAATGCGGATAAAAGCCAAAGGTGTTGG AAATAAATCCAAGAATGAAGACGTAGATGTCGATGGGTATTTTAAGAACTTGAATTTGTC ACGACTCACACGTTAAAATATATTATCCGAATTGTTTAGTCTAAAGACACACATATATTG AAAAAGAAAAGGTAAATGAAGCTCATTGGTGCCTAAATGTGAAATGAAGCCGAAATGTGT TAGGTGAACACATTTAAATATACAAAAAGAAATATAATAGAAACAAAACTAATTAACAAA GTCGCAATTTGTATTGTATAAAATATCTTTCCGTCTCCCGTCATATTTGAAAAAAAAAAA ATTACAAATCTGTTAATTTTAAAACTTTCTAGAAAAACACAAGTATATAATTTTCTCTTT TCGTGCGTGTTTGTTTTAAAATAACATTGTTTTGATTGGCGACTCAACATATTTTAGCAT TTACATATTTCTGCATATATTAAATGATTTATAAACTCAACTATAGATTAAAATATAATT TGAGATCTAATAATTTTAACAATAATATAAAATATGAGATTTATAAATTAGGAATATAAA TATTCAAGGGAGAGAAAAAGTAGAACATAATTCAAAAGATAAGACTTTTTAGACTTTTTT AACAATATTTTTGATGGATAAAAATTATTCAAAAGAGAAGAAAGTAAGAAGAAAAGATGT TTCTGAGAATT 168 DNA Arabidopsis thaliana TBF1 promoter region with uORF1 and uORF2 CGAGGAGTAGTTTACAGAGAATTTGGACCGTCCGATGTAAAGCGAAAATAGATCTAGGTT TTCCACGTGTCCCCTATTTTAATGAAACCTTCTGATTCATGTAGAAGTTTTACTCAATTT AATATTTTTTAGTATGTAGTTTTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTGTTTTTATGGCTCCACACC AACTTTTAAAATGGTAGAAGCATGTTGCATGTGATCGAGTAAAAAGCCAATAATGAGATT CAGAAAAATAAAAATTACTTATATAGTTTTTTAGAGAAAAAATTGTATTTTGTTTAAAGC CTTAATCCGGTTGTTGAAAGAGCTGTGTCACGAGTTAAAAATATTTTCTTTTCATTTTTT AAGTAATTAGTTTATAATGCAAAAATGGTTTTTATTTATTTGTCTTCGCTTATAGAACTG CAAATTGAGAGAGAAAAAAATGAATTAGTGGTGGTGACCAAACATTCAGGAAGCTGTGAT TGATCATTTGTTTTTGAGGTGAGTGTAGTGGCAACGTATGACGTTAACATATGGCGTACA TAATAATTAGATGAACTTAATCATAATAATCATATTGCATTTAATTCATATATCATATCC CATTAGTTGGACCACTTGATTTGAGGTCATGAGAAGAACATTTATGTTTTTTTTAGTTTG AATCGGAGTGATCACTAAAAACTAGATACTGAAAATTTTCAAACTAAAATCATATTAATC TTCAAAAAATGTGAAATCTAAAAAAAAAAAAAATTTTAACGCGTTCATTGTAGCCAAGTA GCCAAGTATTGTTAAAGTAGTAGTAAAAGAAGTTTAGCTTTAAGTGATATAATTTGACAC AAATCCTACTTAGATATGGATAATAGGATATAGCTTCATGTATATTTTTATCGTTGCTTC TGTAACCCCAAAATGTGTTGATATAAGCATTTGAATATTCGTATGTATAATGTTTTCTTT TCACCGTAAAACATATTACAATGTTAGTTTATATTGGATTTTGAATGTGTTTATGAACAG TTTTTGTCGACTCAAAAGTTAAGATGAGAATATGGAAGAAAGTAAAGTTTAAAAGTCATG ATGGGAACAAGGAATGGAACTCAAACATTCTAATACTCAACAAACGCAATTATATTATTA CCATGACTCATCTTTCAAGTTCCATCAAAAAGATTCGTGGAAAATAATAGACTTACGTTT CAAATCCATGTTTCTTTCTTTATAACAAAAAAAATGGATGTTTCTTGACGCGTGTCGAGA GTACTCACCATTACTCTGACTTCAGTGAGTTTGGTCAAGTGGTCTTTTTTTTTCTCATGT CACCAAAGGTCCAAACCCTAGAAATTAGTTCGAACTTTCCATAGAAGAACTGAATAAATG GTCCAAAATTGTTTTAAAAAGGACCTAAGCCATTAGTTCATTGAATTCGAGTTAATGGGT GAAGATTTTTATGATAACGAAAGTCGGAGTAATTATGCTTTTGGTCCGATAGTTTTCTAA TTTGTTTTCTTTCCATTTTTTTTTTTTCAAATACTACATACTATATAAGATAGTGGTTTG TGTTAATGTCATCGATGTGTTACCATCCGCATTATATTAATTATTTATCCCAACATAAAG TCAGAATCTGTAATTTCTTTGTTATAAAATACAGTAAATGGTTCCGTTTAAGCTGTTAGA TGATTTTTGAGTAAAAACTAATGTAAAAAAAACAAAAAAAAAACAATGTAGTTCATAATA CATGCATGTTTTAAAGAAGTTTCTTGTTTACTATCAACTTGAATAGTATTTCACGAAGTC AAAATTGTTCATTCCGACTTTTCTATGTGGAGAAAAAAAATTCTATCATTGTGCACAATT TAACAGAATGTAATTTCTTGTAAAAGAAGAGGAAACAATTCGCTGTTAGTAAATGTGAAG TATAGAAGTCTAAAATGAGATACCTCAACTAGCTTGAATTAAGAAAAAAAACAAAAACTC TATCGACATGAAAAAGGTCGCAAATATTTATCATTTATCAATGCCAAAGGAGTATTTGGT TCACAAAATACTGAATCATTTATATAGATATATAATTAGCTCTAAATTCTACTATAACTT GCAAAATAAGTATACTGACTCAATTATATAGCGTTTAAAAATAGACGATTTGTATGATGA GGTCCATATATATGGAGATGTGCATGCAACTATCGACATTTTCACACGTTGATATCGTCT TTCTCCAATGGAGACTTGAATTTGTGTAAACTATGAATACTCGTCTCTCTAAGACCTTTT TTCTTCAACCATGCCAACTATTTAGGTAAGATTTTACTGTCTTTGATTGATATTAAATAC TTAGCCGTGGCGTTATCAATGAATGATAATAAAAATGCGGATAAAAGCCAAAGGTGTTGG AAATAAATCCAAGAATGAAGACGTAGATGTCGATGGGTATTTTAAGAACTTGAATTTGTC ACGACTCACACGTTAAAATATATTATCCGAATTGTTTAGTCTAAAGACACACATATATTG AAAAAGAAAAGGTAAATGAAGCTCATTGGTGCCTAAATGTGAAATGAAGCCGAAATGTGT TAGGTGAACACATTTAAATATACAAAAAGAAATATAATAGAAACAAAACTAATTAACAAA GTCGCAATTTGTATTGTATAAAATATCTTTCCGTCTCCCGTCATATTTGAAAAAAAAAAA ATTACAAATCTGTTAATTTTAAAACTTTCTAGAAAAACACAAGTATATAATTTTCTCTTT TCGTGCGTGTTTGTTTTAAAATAACATTGTTTTGATTGGCGACTCAACATATTTTAGCAT TTACATATTTCTGCATATATTAAATGATTTATAAACTCAACTATAGATTAAAATATAATT TGACATCTAATAATTTTAACAATAATATAAAATATGAGATTTATAAATTAGGAATATAAA TATTCAAGGGAGAGAAAAAGTAGAACATAATTCAAAAGATAAGACTTTTTAGACTTTTTT AACAATATTTTTGATGGATAAAAATTATTCAAAAGAGAAGAAAGTAAGAAGAAAAGATGT TTCTGAGAATTTCTAGAAACAGCATCCGTTTTTATAATTTAATTTTCTTACAAAGGTAGG ACCAACATTTGTGATCTATAAATCTTCCTACTACGTTATATAGAGACCCTTCGACATAAC ACTTAACTCGTTTATATATTTGTTTTACTTGTTTTGCACATACACACAAAAATAAAAAAG ACTTTATATTTATTTACTTTTTAATCACACGGATTAGCTCCGGCGAAGTATGGTCGTCGT CTTCATCTTCTTCCTCCATCATCAGATTTTTCCTTAAATGGAAGAAACCAAACGAAACTC CGATCTTCTCCGTTCTCGTGTTTTCCTCTCTGGCTTTTATTGCTGGGATTGGGAATTTCT CACCGCTCTCTTGCTTTTTAGTTGCTGATTCTTTTTCCTTCGACTTTCTATTTCCAATCT TTCTTCTTCTCTTTGTGTATTAGATTATTTTTAGTTTTATTTTTCTGTGGTAAAATAAAA AAAGTTCGCCGGAG

    EXAMPLES

    Example 1

    Formation of NPR1 Condensates Promotes Cell Survival During Plant Immune Response

    Summary

    [0091] In plants, pathogen effector-triggered immunity (ETI) often leads to programmed cell death, which is restricted by NPR1, an activator of systemic acquired resistance. However, the biochemical activities of NPR1 enabling it to both promote defense and restrict cell death remain unclear. Here we show that NPR1 promotes cell survival by targeting substrates for ubiquitination and degradation through formation of salicylic acid-induced NPR1 condensates (SINCs). SINCs are enriched in stress response proteins, including nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat immune receptors, oxidative and DNA damage response proteins, and protein quality control machineries. Transition of NPR1 into condensates is required for the formation of the NPR1-Cullin 3 E3 ligase complex to ubiquitinate SINC-localized substrates, such as EDS1 and specific WRKY transcription factors, and promote cell survival during ETI. Our analysis of SINCs suggests that NPR1 is centrally integrated into the cell death/survival decisions in plant immunity by modulating multiple stress-responsive processes in this quasi organelle.

    Introduction

    [0092] Eukaryotes have evolved mechanisms to effectively restrict infection while avoiding significant damage to self. Such a regulation is evident during effector-triggered immunity (ETI) in plants, which is activated upon recognition of pathogen effectors by the nucleotide-binding and leucine-rich repeat immune receptors (NB-LRRs). ETI often culminates in rapid programmed cell death (PCD) at the site of infection to restrict pathogen growth. However, without a counteractive mechanism, ETI can severely compromise host survival due to the spread of cell death to uninfected tissues. One of the counteractive mechanisms is the systemic acquired resistance (SAR) mediated by salicylic acid (SA) through the function of NPR1 [non-expresser of pathogenesis related (PR) genes 1]. NPR1 is a master regulator of genes in multiple cellular machineries, including antimicrobial PR genes and endoplasmic reticulum-resident genes, that protect plants against a broad spectrum of diseases and stresses. In addition to NPR1-mediated transcription, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) and autophagy are sequentially recruited to maintain defense protein homeostasis and promote host survival. Mutants in the autophagy pathway are defective in the containment of age- and immunity-associated PCD due to proteotoxic accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins, which is partly dependent on SA and NPR1. Though early studies have implicated SA and NPR1 in suppressing ETI-induced cell death, the underlying mechanism is unknown.

    [0093] In NPR1, the presence of a Broad-Complex, Tramtrack and Bric a brac (BTB) domain, in combination with a putative substrate-binding ankyrin-repeat domain, suggests that it may function as a Cullin 3 RING E3 ligase (CRL3) adaptor. However, an early yeast two-hybrid study failed to detect NPR1-CUL3 interaction. Instead, two NPR1 paralogs, NPR3 and NPR4, were later found to function as CRL3 adaptors in mediating NPR1 degradation in the nucleus.

    [0094] Different activities of NPR1 are likely controlled by posttranslational modifications (PTMs), such as SUMOylation which is preceded by dephosphorylation and phosphorylation at two distinct IKB-like degrons, S55/59 and S11/15, respectively. SUMOylation not only regulates NPR1 nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning and affects its association with different transcription factors (TFs), but also promotes its degradation by NPR3/4. Another important PTM triggered by SA is the oligomer-to-monomer transition of NPR1 through its conserved cysteines in response to cellular redox changes. Recent studies indicate that PTMs and changes in the cellular redox environment can lead to phase transition in many essential hub proteins enabling them to carry out diverse cellular functions.

    [0095] In this study, we report that NPR1 contains intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs). In response to SA, NPR1 undergoes transition into cytoplasmic condensate-like structures enriched in proteins regulating ETI cell death, DNA damage response, redox metabolism, and ubiquitination. This SA-triggered NPR1 condensation is mediated through conserved cysteine clusters present within its IDRs and is required for the formation of a functional NPR1-CRL3 adaptor complex in the cytoplasm. Using cell biology, molecular and genetic analyses, we demonstrate that recruitment of the CRL3 ubiquitination machinery into SA-induced NPR1 condensates is an essential function of NPR1 in mediating protein homeostasis and cell survival. We provide evidence that the master immune regulator, EDS1, and TFs WRKY54 and WRKY70 are among the substrates of the NPR1-CRL3 complex for SA-mediated cell survival during ETI.

    Results

    [0096] SA Promotes Cell Survival and Ubiquitination through the Function of NPR1. To elucidate the role of NPR1 in the regulation of cell survival, we first infected half leaves of Arabidopsis plants with Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 carrying the AvrRpt2 effector (Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2) to systemically activate NPR1 and induce SAR. Then the other halves of the leaves were challenged with the same pathogen to determine how the ETI-associated cell death was affected in the neighboring tissue by measuring tissue collapse and conductivity increases due to electrolyte leakage (FIGS. 1A and 1B).

    [0097] We found that in wild type (WT) plants, the first inoculation significantly suppressed PCD triggered by the second inoculation in the neighboring tissue. This suppression was SA- and NPR1-dependent because it was not observed in the SA biosynthesis mutant, sid2-2, or in the npr1-2 mutant. Consistent with our hypothesis that systemic activation of NPR1 inhibits ETI-induced cell death in the neighboring tissue, significant growth of the otherwise avirulent Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2, close to the level of the receptor mutant rps2, was observed in the second leaf halves in the WT plants, but not in npr1-2 or sid2-2 mutants (FIG. 1C).

    [0098] To distinguish whether this SA- and NPR1-dependent cell survival occurs at the host cell level or is due to differential pathogen growth, we made use of an Arabidopsis line carrying the dexamethasone (dex)-inducible AvrRpt2 effector gene (dex:AvrRpt2) in either WT or the npr1-2 background. We found that in WT, induction by Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 could protect plants against cell death triggered by subsequent in planta expression of AvrRpt2 in the neighboring tissue. This effect was abolished both in npr1-2 (FIG. 1D) and sid2-2 (FIG. 8A).

    [0099] These results indicate that in pathogen-induced SAR, both SA and NPR1 are required at the host cell level for inhibiting ETI-induced PCD.

    [0100] To determine whether SA is sufficient to inhibit ETI-triggered cell death, we pretreated plants with SA and found that at 0.5 and 1 mM, SA could fully suppress Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2-mediated cell death (FIGS. 8B, 1E and 1F), accompanied with increased pathogen growth (FIG. 1G), in WT plants, but not in the npr1-2 mutant. Similar to pathogen-induced SAR, SA treatment could protect against cell death triggered by in planta expression of the effector, AvrRpt2 (FIG. 1H). This SA/NPR1-mediated inhibition is not limited to ETI mediated by RPS2, which is a coiled-coil class of NB-LRR (CNL) immune receptor, but also ETI activated by RPS4 (FIGS. 1I and 1J) and RPP1 (FIG. 8C), which are Toll/Interleukin-1 receptor class of NB-LRRs (TNLs) against effectors AvrRps4 and ATR1, respectively. Taken together, these results indicate that SA plays a general role in promoting survival of neighboring cells during ETI through the function of NPR1.

    [0101] To determine how SA-induced and NPR1-dependent cell survival correlates with protein homeostasis, we examined the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins after treating WT and npr1-2 plants with SA. We found SA concentration-dependent accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins in WT, which is absent in npr1-2 (FIG. 1K). This result indicates that SA and NPR1 are involved in the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins and implies that NPR1, considering its predicted structural features, might recruit the ubiquitination machinery and/or directly function as an E3 ligase adaptor in controlling protein homeostasis.

    [0102] NPR1 Accumulates in the Cytoplasm and Undergoes SA-Triggered Condensate Formation. To determine the likely cellular compartment where NPR1-mediated ubiquitination occurs, we analyzed the subcellular accumulation of the endogenous NPR1 after SA treatment. As expected, NPR1 had predominant cytoplasmic accumulation in the mock-treated sample (0 mM SA), and an increased nuclear accumulation at 0.1 and 0.5 mM SA with corresponding decreases in the cytoplasmic fraction (FIG. 2A, upper panel).

    [0103] Surprisingly, at 1 mM SA, more NPR1 accumulated in the cytoplasm, accompanied by its relative reduction in the nuclear fraction. With a longer exposure of the western blot, we could observe ubiquitinated NPR1 (higher MW smear) in the nuclear fractions of the SA-treated samples (FIG. 2A, middle panels). In the cytoplasmic fraction, however, no corresponding high MW NPR1 smear was observed, even though significant levels of the unmodified NPR1 and other ubiquitinated proteins were present (FIG. 2A, middle panels). A detailed comparison of protein bands between different SA concentrations showed a good correlation between levels of ubiquitination and the accumulation of NPR1 in both cytoplasm and nucleus (FIG. 8D). These results indicate that nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of the endogenous NPR1 is dynamically regulated by the concentrations of SA and the protein is unstable in the nucleus.

    [0104] To validate the fractionation result, we monitored the nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of NPR1-GFP in Arabidopsis using transient expression assay. We observed significant levels of NPR1-GFP in the cytoplasm of untreated plants (FIG. 2B), similar to what was detected in the fractionation experiment with the endogenous protein (FIG. 2A). Treatment with 1 mM SA led to predominant nuclear accumulation of NPR1-GFP; whereas at 5 mM SA, fluorescence was detected also in the cytoplasm. This trend was consistent with the fractionation result, albeit higher SA concentrations had to be used for this imaging experiment. Surprisingly, SA also induced formation of discrete NPR1-GFP bodies, not only in the nucleus, but also in the cytoplasm (FIG. 2B). Importantly, cytoplasmic bodies were also observed at the lower SA concentration when we used the SUMOylation-deficient mutant of NPR1, npr1sim3 (sim3 henceforth), which has a predominant cytoplasmic localization after SA treatment (FIG. 2B). The latter observation indicates that body formation in the cytoplasm is not a result of possible toxicity of the higher SA concentration, but rather is a consequence of a specific PTM of NPR1, in this case, SUMOylation. Moreover, analysis of sim3-GFP localization in transgenic Arabidopsis showed that these bodies form only in the surviving cells adjacent to the ETI-induced cell death zone, ruling out a possible toxic effect of exogenous SA application (FIG. 8E). Interestingly, among immunity-associated paralogs (NPR1-4), only NPR1 had significant SA-inducible cytoplasmic body formation (FIGS. 9A-9C).

    [0105] Moreover, development-associated NPRS and NPR6 showed constitutive bodies as previously reported. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) showed that NPR1 interactions with other NPRs are unlikely to trigger its cytoplasmic body formation (FIG. 9D). This NPR1-specific process may reflect its functional divergence from NPR2-4. These results reveal that besides dynamically controlling the nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning of NPR1, SA also triggers formation of NPR1 bodies.

    [0106] Because formation of NPR1 bodies is an induced process, and the morphology of the bodies is similar to that of phase separated proteins (Banani et al., 2017), we hypothesized that NPR1 undergoes conditional transition from soluble to condensed state, possibly through phase separation, to form the observed structures. To test our hypothesis, we performed single-cell time-lapse imaging of NPR1-GFP body formation (FIG. 2C). Quantification of total fluorescence from each body showed a gradual increase in the signal intensity over time as a result of their growth in size (FIG. 2D). Importantly, in contrast to intensity, the number of bodies started to decrease after 50 min as a result of their fusion (FIG. 2E). These behaviors are features of biomolecular condensates driven by IDRs or multivalent domain/motif interactions.

    [0107] To determine whether NPR1 harbors IDRs, we used all available prediction algorithms and found cysteine-dependent or redox-sensitive IDRs (RDRs) to have the highest probability (FIG. 2F and Table 3). Remarkably, the size and number of RDRs in NPRs (i.e., NPR1-6) closely correlated with their ability to form cytoplasmic condensates, with NPR1 having the highest score and longest RDRs (FIGS. 9A and 9E). To validate the prediction result, we mutated the cysteine clusters of NPR1 within its three putative RDRs: rdr1 (npr1C150/155/156/160A); rdr2 (npr1C378/385/394A); and rdr3 (npr1C511/521/529A) (FIG. 2F). We found that unlike WT, both rdr1 and rdr2 formed cytoplasmic condensates in the absence of SA treatment (FIGS. 10A-10C), indicating that these cysteine clusters are required for keeping NPR1 out of state transition in uninduced cells.

    [0108] In contrast, mutating RDR3 had no effect on protein state in untreated cells (FIGS. 10A-10C), but completely abolished the SA-induced condensation in both cytoplasm and nucleus (FIGS. 2G and 2H), indicating that the cysteines in RDR3 are required for triggering NPR1 state transition. Moreover, the lack of SA-induced condensation correlated with the reduced transcriptional co-activation function of rdr3 (FIG. 2I) even though the protein had increased nuclear accumulation compared to WT (FIG. 10D). Consistent with these results, random mutagenesis has found point mutations enriched in these conserved cysteines and RDRs, particularly in RDR3 (FIG. 2F and Table 4). Analysis of the SA-mediated survival phenotype of transgenic plants expressing the rdr mutants in the npr1-2 background revealed that consistent with their nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning (FIG. 10D) and transcriptional co-activation function (FIGS. 10E and 10F), rdr1 had no protection against cell death induced by Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 (FIG. 10G), while rdr2 displayed stronger protection (FIG. 10H). Importantly, despite its enhanced nuclear accumulation, the rdr3 mutant partially compromised the protection against cell death (FIG. 10I), supporting our hypothesis that NPR1 condensation is required for its function in promoting survival. These results indicate that SA may trigger conformational change in NPR1 through modulation of the conserved cysteines present within or in vicinity of its disordered regions, which in turn leads to protein condensation. Based on the above cellular and genetic data, we designate the NPR1 bodies as “SINCs” for SA-induced NPR1 condensates. Whether SINCs form through liquid-liquid phase separation will require further biophysical studies. Together, these results show that SA not only induces NPR1 transcriptional activity and turnover in the nucleus, but also triggers SINC formation in the cytoplasm, suggesting that SA regulates protein homeostasis and cell survival through well-coordinated nuclear and cytoplasmic functions of NPR1.

    [0109] SINCs are Enriched with Stress Proteins and Ubiquitination Components. To uncover the function of cytoplasmic NPR1 condensates, we performed quantitative proteomic analysis using the cytoplasmic sim3 mutant. To ensure that SA-mediated transcription by the nuclear NPR1 is intact, the sim3-GFP was expressed in the WT NPR1 background (sim3-GFP/Col-0). After confirming that the line had proper SINC formation (FIG. 11A) and SA-induced ubiquitination (FIG. 11B), immunoprecipitation was performed against sim3-GFP in mock- and SA-treated plants followed by quantitative LC-MS analysis of co-purified proteins (FIG. 11C).

    [0110] From these samples with good reproducibility (FIGS. 11D and 11E), we identified 171 proteins (“SINC components”) with statistically significant over two-fold enrichment in the SA-treated samples versus mock (Table 5). Gene Ontology (GO) term analysis revealed enrichment in defense/stress-associated proteins in Biological Process (FIG. 11F), protein modification and catabolism in Molecular Function (FIG. 11G), and cytosol in Cellular Component (FIG. 11H) categories. Based on the GO term analysis and literature search, the SINC components were assembled into six intersecting functional groups: (1) defense response, cell death and SA signaling; (2) protein homeostasis; (3) redox metabolism; (4) inter-organellar trafficking/protein transport; (5) DNA damage response; and (6) RNA binding/translation (FIG. 3A and Table 5).

    [0111] FIG. 3B lists representatives of the four major functional groups. Notably, among the defense-related proteins, we found 10 NB-LRR disease resistance proteins together with other positive regulators of ETI, such as EDS1 (enhanced disease resistance 1) and PAD4 (phytoalexin deficient 4) (Heidrich et al., 2011); activators of hypersensitive cell death, such as BCS1 (cytochrome bc1 synthase 1); and proteins involved in SA-binding and signaling, such as NPR3. In the redox metabolism group, we found the cysteine-regulating glutathione pathway enzymes, such as glutathione peroxidase 8 (GPX8), glutathione S-transferase F6 (GSTF6) and glutathione S-transferase TAU 19 (GSTU19), which were previously identified in the SA-induced proteome. The second large group of proteins were associated with protein quality control, such as heat shock proteins, the ubiquitination machinery, such as ubiquitin, components of E1, E2, E3 ligase complex, and cysteine proteases, including ubiquitin-specific proteases (FIG. 3B and Table 5). Analysis of selected SINC components, EDS1 and BCS1 from the ETI/cell death group, and GSTU19 from the redox metabolism group, confirmed their full co-localization with sim3-GFP in the SA-induced condensates (FIG. 3C).

    [0112] We then sought to determine the role of SA/NPR1 in the specific cellular pathways identified in SINCs, such as heat shock, oxidative and DNA damage responses, based on the hypothesis that over-accumulation of these stress-responsive proteins would result in cell death. Indeed, we found that SA significantly suppressed cell death induced by these stresses in WT, but not in the npr1-2 mutant plants (FIG. 3D-3F), supporting our hypothesis that NPR1 promotes cell survival in response to a broad spectrum of stimuli by sequestrating and/or degrading not only key immune regulators, but also other stress proteins in SINCs.

    [0113] NPR1 recruits CUL3 to Cytoplasmic Condensates. The presence of ubiquitin, ubiquitin ligases and E3 ligase complex components in SINCs suggests that NPR1 may regulate protein homeostasis by recruiting ubiquitination machinery as a CRL3 adaptor. Previous studies have shown that members of the NPR family can associate with CUL3 and serve as adaptors for ubiquitination of cognate substrates.

    [0114] To test our hypothesis, NPR1 and CUL3 were co-expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana followed by 1 mM SA treatment and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP). We found that the WT NPR1 had a weak pull-down signal of CUL3 in the SA-treated sample (FIG. 4A).

    [0115] A similar interaction was also detected with the endogenous CUL3 in Arabidopsis (FIG. 4B). Interestingly, when co-expressed in E. coli, an interaction between the two proteins could be easily observed (FIG. 4C), suggesting that NPR1-CUL3 association might be inhibited in planta by PTMs that are absent in E. coli.

    [0116] To identify regions and residues that could influence CUL3-NPR1 interaction, we included different truncations and point mutants of NPR1 in our co-IP assay (FIG. 12A).

    [0117] At the lower concentration of 1 mM SA used in this screen, the WT NPR1 is predominantly nuclear localized (FIG. 12B), allowing us to identify PTMs that could enhance the interaction with CUL3, assuming that it occurs in the cytoplasm. First, we found that unlike the full-length protein, the BTB domain of NPR1 was sufficient to strongly pulldown CUL3 even in the absence of SA (FIGS. 4A and 12C), consistent with the notion that BTB is the CUL3-interacting domain in CRL3 substrate adaptors. The BTB domain was also required for interacting with the endogenous CUL3 in Arabidopsis (FIG. 4B) and in E. coli (FIG. 4C). Similarly, deleting the C-terminal domain (CTD) of NPR1 in ACTD significantly enhanced the interaction with CUL3 in the absence of SA (FIGS. 4A and 12C). Moreover, the CTD interacted with the BTB domain and outcompeted CUL3 for interaction with BTB when co-expressed (FIG. 4D). These data suggest that the full-length NPR1 is inhibited from interacting with CUL3 by its CTD. Among point mutants with enhanced cytoplasmic localization, sim3 and nls showed significantly stronger CUL3 pull-down signals compared to the WT NPR1, while other such mutants, S55/59D and npr1-3, had very little signal (FIGS. 4A, 4B, and 12C). These data indicate that NPR1-CUL3 interaction is controlled by NPR1 PTMs, such as SUMOylation and phosphorylation at S55/59, which affect NPR1 nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning and, perhaps, SINC formation.

    [0118] To test this hypothesis, we used the BiFC assay to examine the subcellular localization of NPR1-CUL3 interaction. Both NPR1 and sim3 showed clear interactions with CUL3 in discrete cytoplasmic condensates, with the signal more intense for sim3 (FIGS. 4E and 4F). In contrast, the phosphomimic mutant, S55/59D, showed a significantly weaker BiFC signal. The reduced S55/59D interaction with CUL3 observed in the pull-down and the BiFC assays (FIGS. 4A, 4E and 4F) correlated with its inability to form SINCs (FIGS. 4G and 12B). A correlation was also observed for the stronger CUL3 interactors, sim3, which could form condensates at a lower concentration of SA (FIG. 12B), and ACTD, which formed constitutive condensates (FIG. 12D). Unlike NPR1, NPR2-4 interactions with CUL3 were predominantly in the nucleus (FIGS. 13A and 13B).

    [0119] In further support of our hypothesis that the NPR1-CUL3 interaction occurs in cytoplasmic condensates, rdr1 and rdr2, which constitutively form condensates, showed strong interactions with CUL3, whereas rdr3, which is deficient in condensate formation, displayed little interaction (FIG. 4H).

    [0120] To demonstrate that it is NPR1 that recruits CUL3 to the condensate instead of CUL3 engaging NPR1 to a pre-existing complex, we analyzed GFP-CUL3 localization in the NbNPR1 knockdown plants (FIGS. 13C and 13D). We found that compared to control, silencing of NbNPR1 reduced the SA-induced accumulation of GFP-CUL3 in cytoplasmic condensates, even though similar levels of the GFP-CUL3 were present (FIGS. 4I-4L). Together, these results show that NPR1 recruits CUL3 into SINCs through its BTB domain.

    [0121] NPR1-CUL3 Condensates Are Active Ubiquitination Complexes. To determine whether recruitment of CUL3 into SINCs is associated with increased ubiquitination activity, we first examined the co-localization of NPR1-CUL3 complex with known markers of protein bodies involved in protein homeostasis: ubiquitin, ATG8, NBR1 (a polyubiquitin receptor) and HSC70. Because the sim3 mutant showed a stronger interaction with CUL3, we used the sim3/CUL3 BiFC pair for this analysis. We found that sim3/CUL3 condensates co-localized strongly with all four markers of protein bodies, but not with markers of the morphologically similar membrane-bound bodies such as Golgi, TGN and MVB (FIGS. 5A and 13E).

    [0122] Importantly, co-localization of sim3-GFP with mCherry-NBR1, was significantly enhanced by the presence of CUL3 (FIG. 5B), suggesting that the recruitment of a functional CUL3 into the NPR1 condensates is required for the accumulation of polyubiquitinated protein species in these structures.

    [0123] To further establish the correlation between the SA-dependent recruitment of CUL3 into condensates and protein ubiquitination, we performed NPR1-CUL3 and sim3-CUL3 pull down under dose response to SA. We found an increase in the interaction between 0-1 mM SA for both NPR1 and sim3 (FIG. 5C, upper panel). By testing the level of total protein ubiquitination in the same samples, we observed a clear correlation between formation of the NPR1-CUL3 complex and the accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins (FIGS. 5C, lower panel, and 13F). Notably, the baseline SA-dependent ubiquitination was lower for sim3 than NPR1, possibly because sim3 is defective in its nuclear function in inducing transcription of potential substrates and/or ubiquitination machinery components. Interestingly, the reduction in ubiquitination at 3 mM SA correlated with reduced neddylation of CUL3 (FIG. 5C, upper Myc-CUL3 band), suggesting that ubiquitination observed in this experiment was a result of active CUL3. To confirm that this NPR1-mediated ubiquitination is dependent on CUL3 activity, we created an inactive, neddylation-deficient form of CUL3 (CUL3ARBX1) and observed a reduction in its ubiquitination activity (FIG. 5D). A similar reduction was observed when we silenced the endogenous N. benthamiana CUL3 (NbCUL3) (FIGS. 5E, 13C and 13D). Together, these results indicate that recruitment of CUL3 into SINCs is associated with increased ubiquitination activity, and further support our hypothesis that SINCs and SINC components can be targeted for degradation by the cytoplasmic NPR1-CRL3 complex to promote cell survival.

    [0124] NPR1 Targets SINC-localized Proteins for Ubiquitination and Degradation. Many SINC proteins identified in our proteomic analysis, such as NB-LRRs and EDS1/PAD4 involved in ETI signaling (FIG. 3; Table 5), are prime candidates for explaining the role of NPR1 condensates in preventing ETI-induced cell death (FIGS. 1A-1K). The presence of diverse stress-responsive proteins in the NPR1 condensates is consistent with the central role that NPR1 plays in promoting cell survival under a broad range of adverse conditions that could lead to cell death (FIGS. 3A-3F). We selected EDS1 to test our hypothesis. First, we found that EDS1 could interact both with WT and cytoplasmic sim3 mutant in planta (FIG. 6A) and in E. coli (FIG. 6B), indicating that NPR1 recruits EDS1 into SINCs through a direct interaction.

    [0125] Next, we observed complete co-localization of EDS1 with NPR1/CUL3 and sim3/CUL3 bodies (FIG. 6C) suggesting that NPR1 may target EDS1 for degradation in SINCs through NPR1-CRL3-mediated ubiquitination. To test this hypothesis, we examined the stability of EDS1 in the WT and npr1-2 plants in the presence of SA and protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide (CHX). We found that in WT plants, the amount of EDS1 significantly decreased in the absence of new protein synthesis, and this decrease was dependent on SA-mediated activation of NPR1 (FIGS. 6D and 14A).

    [0126] In npr1-2, while the accumulation of EDS1 was low, the protein levels remained unchanged after SA treatment. Similar results were obtained with another SINC-localized and NPR1-dependent and interacting protein, NIM1-interacting 1 (NIMIN1) (FIGS. 14A and 14B). These results indicate that specific immune regulators directly interacting with NPR1 could be targeted for degradation in SINCs through NPR1-CRL3-mediated ubiquitination. Indeed, we observed increased SA-mediated ubiquitination of EDS1 in WT, but not in npr1-2 nor eds1-2 which is a mutant of one of the two homologous EDS1 genes in Col-0 (FIG. 6E, upper blot). Interestingly, eds1-2 mutant showed reduced levels of SA-induced ubiquitination (FIG. 6E, bottom blot), consistent with the requirement of EDS1 for amplification of SA signaling in plants. Together, these results support our hypothesis that NPR1 targets EDS1 to promote survival during ETI.

    [0127] WRKY TFs Required for ETI Are Targets of the NPR1-CRL3 Complex. Because EDS1 is a major upstream immune regulator involved in not only ETI, but also SA synthesis, it would be difficult to use genetic epistasis to test the specific effect of NPR1 in recruiting EDS1 to SINCs for ubiquitination and degradation. To remedy this problem, we sought other potential candidates. Among the known NPR1-interacting proteins, WRKY70 TF has been shown to play opposing roles as a repressor of SA synthesis and SA-responsive genes and a positive regulator of various ETI. Like EDS1, WRKY70 interacts more strongly with the cytoplasmic sim3 mutant than the WT NPR1, suggesting that this WRKY TF and perhaps its close homolog WRKY54 may be recruited to SINCs. In support of this hypothesis, we found that these WRKYs could indeed co-localize with sim3/CUL3 bodies (FIG. 6F).

    [0128] Moreover, analysis of the constitutively expressed WRKY70-GFP in WT and npr1-2 plants showed that while NPR1 was required for stabilization of WRKY70-GFP in the absence of SA, the protein level was reduced in an NPR1- and proteasome-dependent manner in the presence of SA (FIG. 6G). Consistently, we observed increased ubiquitination of WRKY70-GFP in the SA-treated WT but not in the npr1-2 mutant (FIG. 6H). In addition to the in vivo data, we reconstituted the NPR1-CRL3-mediated ubiquitination cascade in E. coli and showed that both WT NPR1 and the sim3 could mediate ubiquitination of WRKY70 (FIGS. 6I, 14C and 14D).

    [0129] We next sought to put NPR1-mediated degradation of these WRKY TFs in the context of NPR1's function in promoting cell survival by testing ETI induced by Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 in wrky54 wrky70 double and npr1 wrky54 wrky70 triple mutants. Mutating WRKY54 and WRKY70 diminished the ETI-triggered cell death (FIGS. 7A and 7B) and led to enhanced pathogen growth (FIG. 7C) independent of SA pre-treatment, confirming the positive role of these TFs in ETI.

    [0130] Moreover, these wrky54 wrky70 phenotypes were epistatic to those of npr1-2 in the npr1 wrky54 wrky70 triple mutant, once again rendering strong support for our hypothesis that NPR1 inhibits cell death by degrading positive regulators of ETI such as WRKY54 and WRKY70. Based on the molecular, cellular, and genetic data, we present the following model to describe the molecular function of NPR1 in mediating cell survival (FIG. 7D). During ETI, infected cells turn on their cell death program as a result of NB-LRR activation by the pathogen effector and signal transduction through components such as EDS1/PAD4 and WRKY54/70 TFs. Concurrently, an increase in SA leads to dephosphorylation of NPR1 at S55/59, releasing NPR1 monomers to enter the nucleus. SUMOylation of NPR1 in the nucleus is not only required for its transcription cofactor activity, but also facilitates its degradation by the NPR3/4-CRL3 complex to remove its inhibitory effect on ETI. In adjacent cells, where ETI becomes unnecessary due to the low pathogen load, the cell survival program becomes predominant through SA-mediated activation of nuclear NPR1 to induce transcription of SAR genes, including SINC components, and the formation of SINCs in the cytoplasm to sequester and degrade proteins involved in cell death, such as NB-LRRs, EDS1, and WRKY54/70. Even though the tipping point of this cell death and survival decision is unknown, it is likely to involve PTMs of NPR1 regulated by the level of the pathogen signal. If the cell survival program is activated by treating plants with SA prior to being exposed to an ETI-inducing signal, they become deficient in ETI (FIGS. 7A-7C).

    Discussion

    [0131] In this study, we found that NPR1 has a major role in controlling protein homeostasis through formation of previously unknown subcellular structures, SINCs, to sequester distinct stress-responsive components in the cytoplasm. Importantly, this cytoplasmic function of NPR1 likely occurs subsequent to its nuclear function in SA/NPR1-mediated transcriptional reprogramming, explaining why such a function was obscured in previous studies. Indeed, many of the proteins found in SINCs are SA-inducible (FIGS. 3A-3F; Table 5). Moreover, functional validation of the pathways identified in SINCs showed that NPR1 promotes survival in response to not only pathogen-induced cell death, but also to heat shock, oxidative and DNA damage responses (FIGS. 3A-3F). Importantly, many of the defense-associated SINC components are also part of ubiquitination machinery, such as E1, E2 and Cullin-associated NEDD8-dissociated protein 1 (CAND1) (FIG. 3B and Table 5). Because the great majority of SA-regulated transcriptome is NPR1-dependent without SA/NPR1-mediated transcriptional induction of defense genes and protein quality control machineries, it would not be necessary, nor possible to maintain protein homeostasis. For example, NPR1 not only induces NIMIN1, WRKY54 and WRKY70 gene transcription in the nucleus, but also mediates degradation of these TFs in the cytoplasmic SINCs. Therefore, mutants blocking the nuclear function of NPR1, such as sim3 and nls, are compromised in SAR even though they still maintain their abilities to interact with CUL3 and ubiquitinate substrates. By applying SA to first activate NPR1 condensate formation, we were able to observe the striking effect that NPR1 has on cell survival in the subsequent ETI tests using a high pathogen inoculant at which SA-mediated SAR is insufficient in rendering resistance (FIGS. 1A-1K and 7A-7D).

    [0132] The dynamic distribution of NPR1 between nucleus and cytoplasm induced by SA allows coordination of NPR1′s function between the two compartments to achieve proper control of plant immune responses. This process is regulated at multiple steps: Pathogen-induced SA increase is known to change the cellular redox state, leading to the release of NPR1 monomer from the homo-oligomer to translocate into the nucleus. In the absence of SA, the NPR1 homo-oligomer does not form cytoplasmic condensates, nor interact with CUL3, probably due to phosphorylation at S55/59, because the phosphomimic mutant, S55/59D, is defective in both of these processes. SA-induced dephosphorylation at these two residues is required for activation of NPR1 to either enter the nucleus or to form SINCs in the cytoplasm as the phospho-deficient mutant S55/59A has autoimmunity and is severely retarded in growth. Dephosphorylation at S55/59 is also a pre-requisite for SUMOylation in the nucleus, because S55/59D is incompetent for this PTM (Saleh et al., 2015). SUMOylation and subsequent ubiquitination and degradation of nuclear NPR1 mediated by NPR3/4-CRL3 also interplay with SINC formation in the cytoplasm, as shown by the increased SINC formation in sim3 (FIG. 2B) and the sequestration of NPR3 in SINCs (FIG. 3B and Table 5).

    [0133] Importantly, at all SA concentrations tested, the endogenous NPR1 was never completely depleted from the cytoplasm. In fact, we observed a clear increase in the levels of NPR1 protein in the cytoplasm at higher SA concentrations which correlated with protein condensation. However, we cannot rule out the presence of NPR1 condensates at lower SA concentrations because of the limitation in detection. Though high protein levels are required for visualizing condensates through microscopy, their formation is determined by the biological properties of the proteins. The phosphomimic S55/59D mutant and paralogs, NPR2, NPR3 and NPR4, all fail to form cytoplasmic condensates (FIGS. 4A-4L and 9A-9E), whereas NPR1's ability to form condensates is dependent on the specific redox-sensitive cysteine clusters within the predicted RDRs of the protein. A similar regulation was found in the E. coli heat shock protein 33 (Hsp33). This redox-sensing chaperone can form active bodies upon oxidative stress, which induces transition to a more disordered state, exposing the substrate-binding surface of the protein. Thus, SA-dependent transition of NPR1 into condensates could be triggered by its ability to sense the redox state of the cell, which is consistent with the enriched accumulation of glutathione pathway components in SINCs (FIGS. 3A-3F and Table 5). Formation of NPR1 condensates is required for its ability to recruit CUL3 (FIGS. 4A-4L). Accumulation of multiple interactors of NPR1 may facilitate its condensation and subsequent recruitment of CUL3. Indeed, for the well-studied CRL3 adaptor Speckle-type POZ protein (SPOP), substrate binding is necessary for its phase separation and formation of an active E3 ligase complex with CUL3.

    [0134] Condensate formation is a feature of proteins that occupy essential hub positions in chromatin organization, transcription, translation, maintenance of cell architecture and protein quality control. Recent development in NPR1 research expanded the list of its interactors and cellular processes in histone modification, cold acclimation, unfolded protein response and SAR. Carrying out these functions would require formation of multi-protein complexes with diverse signaling and metabolic activities. The intrinsic ability of NPR1 to transition from one conformational state to another by forming condensates is a remarkable adaptation enabling it to regulate complex cellular processes, such as signal transduction and protein homeostasis under stress, to promote host survival. This may explain why overexpressing Arabidopsis NPR1 in heterologous plant backgrounds proved to be effective in engineering broad-spectrum disease resistance. Besides serving as a hub for regulating protein homeostasis during cell stress, SINCs may also play a signaling role in plant immunity. The presence of 10 NB-LRR immune receptors, their downstream components EDS1/PAD4, cysteine proteases, cellular redox regulators, ubiquitination, and DNA damage response proteins opens new areas of inquiry for possible interplay between these processes inside SINCs to uncover novel signaling mechanisms.

    Experimental Model and Subject Details

    [0135] Arabidopsis thaliana (At) wild type (WT), mutants, and transgenic plants used in this study were all in the Col-0 ecotype background, with the exception of the Ws-2 ecotype which was used for Pseudomonas fluorescens (Pf) Pf0-1 AvrRps4 infection. Unless otherwise indicated, transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing GFP-fused NPR1 or its mutant/truncation variants, are all in the npr1-2 mutant background. Arabidopsis mutants npr1-2, sid2-2, rps2, wrky54 wrky70 double and eds1-2; and transgenic lines over-expressing NPR1-GFP and sim3-GFP in the npr1-2 background, the dex:AvrRpt2/rps2 line, and the estradiol-inducible AvrRpt2 (est:AvrRpt2) lines in the Col-0, sid2-2 and rps2 backgrounds were described previously. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing sim3-GFP in the Col-0 background, ABTB-GFP and rdr1/2/3-GFP in the npr1-2 background, and WRKY70-GFP in the Col-0 background, were generated and plants homozygous for the transgenes were used. Transgenic Arabidopsis over-expressing WRKY70-GFP in the npr1-2 background was generated by crossing WRKY70-GFP/Col-0 with the npr1-2 mutant. The dexamethasone-inducible AvrRpt2 line in the npr1-2 mutant background (dex:AvrRpt2/npr1-2) was generated by crossing dex:AvrRpt2/Col-0 (McNellis et al., 1998) with the npr1-2 mutant. The npr1 wrky54 wrky70 triple mutant was generated by crossing wrky54 wrky70 double mutant with npr1-2. Seeds were stratified at 4° C. for three days and plants were grown under a 12 hr light and 12 hr dark cycle at 22° C. Nicotiana benthamiana WT plants were grown under the same conditions. Unless otherwise indicated, in all experiments, soil-grown Arabidopsis and N. benthamiana plants were used at three-week-old and four-week-old age, respectively.

    Method Details

    [0136] Plasmid construction and E. coli-based ubiquitination: The coding sequences for all Arabidopsis genes were amplified from cDNA. Point mutations of AtNPR1 (AT1G64280) were generated using the QuikChange II site-directed mutagenesis kit (Agilent). Overlap PCR was used to generate the deletion/truncation mutations of AtCUL3A (AT1G26830) and AtNPR1. The position of NPR1 truncations and point mutations are indicated in FIG. 12A and Table 4. The WT and mutated coding sequences for all genes and gene fusions were sub-cloned into the pDONR207 gateway donor vector and confirmed by sequencing. The obtained entry vectors were recombined into either plant or E. coli destination vectors without or with an N- or C-terminal tag. For in planta expression, genes were recombined into the plant binary vectors pK7FWG2, pSITE-4NB and pLN462 to generate C-terminal eGFP, mCherry and HA fusions, respectively; into pK7WGF2, pEG201, pEG202, pEG203 and pEG204 to generate N-terminal eGFP, HA, FLAG, Myc and V5 fusions, respectively. For co-expression of NPR1 and CUL3 in E. coli, NPR1 or its mutant/truncation variants were first recombined into pDEST15 vector to generate N-terminal GST fusions (GST-NPR1). Next, E. coli-codon-optimized coding sequence of AtCUL3A fused to the Myc tag was amplified from pEG203-CUL3 and inserted between NdeI and XhoI in the MCS-II of pCDFDuet-1 to generate pCDFDuet-1:Myc-CUL3 plasmid. The two plasmids, pDEST15-NPR1 and pCDFDuet-1:Myc-CUL3, were co-transformed into the E. coli strain BL21(DE3) and protein expression was induced with 0.25 mM IPTG for 12 hr at 20° C. For co-expression of NPR1 and EDS1 in E. coli, the coding sequence of AtEDS1 (AT3G48090) fused to FLAG tag was inserted between NcoI and NotI in MCS-I of pETDuet-1 to first generate the pETDuet-1:FLAG-EDS1 plasmid. Next, the coding sequences of GST-NPR1 fusion or GST alone were amplified from the corresponding pDEST15-based constructs and inserted between NdeI and AvrII in MCS-II of pETDuet-1:FLAG-EDS1 to generate pETDuet-1:FLAG-EDS1+GST-NPR1 or pETDuet-1:FLAG-EDS1+GST plasmid. The obtained plasmids were transformed into the E. coli strain BL21(DE3) and protein expression was induced with 0.25 mM IPTG for 12 hr at 20° C. The neddylation-deficient CUL3□RBX1 mutant was generated by deleting the RBX1 binding motif (F563-E581) in AtCUL3A based on the corresponding deletion in the HsCUL3 (Furukawa et al., 2003). mCherry-fused organelle markers were described previously: TGN (trans-Golgi network/early endosome), MVB (multivehicular body/late endosome); Golgi and Peroxisome; and HSC70 (heat shock cognate 70). The N-terminal mCherry-fusions of AtUbiquitin (AT5G03240), ATG8 (autophagy-related 8a; AT4G21980) and polyubiquitin receptor NBR1 (next to BRCA1 gene 1; AT4G24690) were generated by recombining entry vectors carrying the mCherry-fused coding sequences into the pEG100 plant binary vector. The C-terminal mCherry fusions of AtEDS1, AtGSTU19 (AT1G78380), AtBCS1 (AT3G50930), AtNIMIN1 (AT1G02450), AtWRKY54 (AT2G40750) and AtWRKY70 (AT3G56400) were generated by recombining entry vectors carrying the coding sequences into the pSITE-4NB plant binary vector. The mCherry-NLS nuclear marker was generated by recombining entry vector carrying the coding sequence of mCherry fused to the SV40 nuclear localization signal (CGGGPKKKRKVED (SEQ ID NO: 161)) into the pEG100 plant binary vector. For bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), entry vectors carrying the coding sequences of genes and their mutant variants were recombined into the pSITE-cEYFP-N1 binary vector for C-terminal fusion with the cYFP half (YC), or into the pSITE-nEYFP-C1 for N-terminal fusion with the nYFP half (YN). To construct the PR1 promoter reporter, entry vector carrying the 2367-bp upstream fragment of AtPR1 (AT2G14610) gene was recombined into a dual luciferase reporter system adapted for Gateway cloning, to generate the pPR1:DUAL-LUC (pPR1:FLUC/35S:RLUC) plant binary vector.

    [0137] To generate the RNAi silencing vectors for NbNPR1 and NbCUL3, protein sequences for all six AtNPRs [AtNPR1, AtNPR2 (AT4G26120), AtNPR3 (AT5G45110), AtNPR4 (AT4G19660), AtNPR5 (AT2G41370) and AtNPR6 (AT3G57130)] and all six AtCULLINs [AtCUL1 (AT4G02570), AtCUL2 (AT1G02980), AtCUL3A (AT1G26830), AtCUL3B (AT1G69670), AtCUL4 (AT5G46210) and AtCUL5 (AT4g12100)] were used to retrieve orthologs in the N. benthamiana genome assembly (Fernandez-Pozo et al., 2015a). The coding sequences of two genes found in the NPR1 clade [Niben101Scf14780g01001.1 (NbNPR1a) and Niben101Scf11512g01004.1 (NbNPR1b)], and four genes found in the CUL3 clade [Niben101Scf01326g05017.1 (NbCUL3Aa), Niben101Scf05060g00001.1 (NbCUL3Ab), Niben101Scf06545g03015.1 (NbCUL3Ba) and Niben101Scf00272g10015.1 (NbCUL3Bb)] were further submitted to the virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) tool to predict conserved gene fragments for silencing each clade (Fernandez-Pozo et al., 2015b). A 300-bp fragment was designed to silence the two NbNPR1 genes, and a 600-bp fusion fragment was designed to silence the four NbCUL3 genes. The fragments were amplified from N. benthamiana genomic DNA using gene-specific primers (Table 6) and cloned into the pTRV2-LIC plasmid to generate pTRV2-NbNPR1 and pTRV2-NbCUL3 plant binary vectors. The control vector carrying the N. benthamiana phytoene desaturase gene (pTRV2-NbPDS) was described previously. The ubiquitination reaction was carried out according to the previously described principle of reconstituting basic ubiquitination cascade in E. coli. To reconstitute the complex, CUL3-mediated ubiquitination cascade, the reaction components consisting total of seven proteins (Substrate, NPR1, CUL3, RBX1, E1, E2 and Ubiquitin) were co-expressed in E. coli using a modified Duet vector system (Novagen). Three expression vectors were constructed: (1) pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70+GST-NPR1 or pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70+GST-sim3 or pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70+GST (pET-AdS); (2) pACYCDuet-1:RBX1+Myc-CUL3 (pACYC-RC3); and (3) pCDFDuet-1:HA-Ub+UBC8+UBA1 (pCDF-Ub; FIG. 14C). To construct pET-AdS, the coding sequence of AtWRKY70 fused to the FLAG tag was amplified from pEG202-WRKY70 and inserted between NcoI and NotI in MCS-I of the pETDuet-1 to generate the pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70 plasmid. Next, the coding sequences of NPR1 or sim3 fused to GST, or GST alone, were amplified from the corresponding pDEST15-based constructs and inserted between NdeI and AvrII in MCS-II of the pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70 to generate pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70+GST-NPR1, pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70+GST-sim3 or pETDuet-1:FLAG-WRKY70+GST plasmids. To construct pACYC-RC3, the E. coli-codon-optimized sequence of AtRBX1 (AT5G20570) was inserted between NcoI and HindIII in the MCS-I of pACYCDuet-1 to generate pACYCDuet-1:RBX1. Next, E. coli-codon-optimized sequence of AtCUL3A fused to the Myc tag was amplified from pEG203-CUL3 and inserted between NdeI and XhoI in the MCS-II of pACYCDuet-1:RBX1 to generate the pACYCDuet-1:RBX1+Myc-CUL3 plasmid. To construct pCDF-Ub, the coding sequence of AtUbiquitin (Ub) fused to HA was amplified from pEG201-Ub and inserted between NcoI and EcoRI in the MCS-I of pCDFDuet-1 to generate pCDFDuet-1:HA-Ub. Next, coding sequence of AtUBC8 (AT5G41700), in which its single NcoI restriction site was eliminated by introducing a silent mutation, was inserted between NcoI and HindIII in the MCS-I of pCDFDuet-1 to generate pCDFDuet-1:UBC8. Next, the entire fragment required for expression of UBC8 (T7 promoter, lac operator, rbs and UBC8) was amplified from pCDFDuet-1:UBC8 and inserted between EcoRI and NotI in the MCS-I of pCDFDuet-1:HA-Ub, downstream to HA-Ub, to generate the pCDFDuet-1:HA-Ub+UBC8 plasmid. Next, coding sequence of AtUBA1 (AT2G30110) was inserted between FseI and AvrII in the MCS-II of pCDFDuet-1:HA-Ub+UBC8 to generate the pCDFDuet-1:HA-Ub+UBC8+UBA1 plasmid. The three vectors, pET-AdS, pACYC-RC3 and pCDF-Ub, were co-transformed into the E. coli strain BL21(DE3) and ubiquitination reaction was initiated by inducing protein expression with 0.5 mM IPTG for 3 hr at 28° C. in the presence of 1 mM sodium salicylate (SA; Sigma). Proteins were extracted by mechanical disruption with lysis buffer containing 125 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, cocktail of protease inhibitors, 1 mM PMSF (phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, Sigma), 7.15 mM BME (β-mercaptoethanol), 1 mM EDTA, 10 mM NEM (N-ethylmaleimide, Sigma). Expression of proteins was confirmed with SDS-PAGE on the total lysate. To detect ubiquitination of FLAG-WRKY70 under denaturing conditions, 1% SDS was added to the lysate and heated at 95° C. for 10 min, then diluted 10 times with the lysis buffer and subjected to immunoprecipitation (IP) using α-FLAG magnetic agarose beads 888 (ThermoFisher). Eluted proteins were subjected to SDS-PAGE and probed with α-FLAG and α-HA. Table 6 lists all primer sequences used in this study.

    [0138] Plant transformation: For plant transformations, the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain GV3101 was transformed with plant binary vectors carrying the indicated transgenes. For stable expression in Arabidopsis, a floral dipping method was used. For transient expression in N benthamiana, the Agrobacterium carrying the indicated construct was cultured overnight at 28° C. in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth medium supplemented with appropriate antibiotics: spectinomycin (100 μg/ml), kanamycin (50 μg/ml), gentamycin (50 μg/ml), and rifampicin (25 μg/ml). The obtained culture was re-inoculated at 1:10 into fresh growth media with antibiotics and grown for another 4 hr. Cells were then spun down at 1,600 g for 10 min, and inoculum was prepared by resuspending cells to OD600 nm=1 in double distilled water (DDW) containing 200 μM acetosyringone (Sigma). Unless otherwise stated, for co-IP, co-localization, and BiFC assays in N. benthamiana, the proteins were co-expressed at 1:1 mixture of the relevant Agrobacteria inoculums. In all BiFC assays, the pair of YN/YC fusions was co-expressed together with free mCherry to mark the cytoplasm and nucleus, mCherry-NLS to mark the nucleus only, or mCherry-fused test proteins for co-localization analysis. The inoculum was pressure infiltrated into N. benthamiana leaves at the abaxial side using 1 ml syringe without the needle. Due to low overall levels of NPR1-GFP in transgenic plants, a transient expression assay in Arabidopsis seedlings was used to monitor NPR1-GFP subcellular localization after SA treatment (FIG. 2B). To limit the imaging time in this transient assay (2 hours), a higher baseline SA concentration had to be used. Seeds of WT (Col-0) Arabidopsis were germinated on solid half-strength Murashige and Skoog (1/2 MS) medium and grown for 4 days. Agrobacterium carrying the indicated constructs was grown overnight in LB medium supplemented with appropriate antibiotics. The obtained culture was re-inoculated at 1:10 into virulence induction medium [50.78 mM MES, 0.5% Glucose, 1.734 mM NaH2PO4, 5% of 20X-AB mix (373.9 mM NH4C1, 24.34 mM MgSO4, 40.23 mM KCl, 1.36 mM CaCl2 and 0.18 mM FeSO4.Math.7H2O), 200 μM acetosyringone] supplemented with 25 μg/ml rifampicin and grown for another 24 hr at 28° C. to OD600=0.8 (inoculum). Seedlings were vacuum-infiltrated with the inoculum, and at 48 hpi (hours post inoculation), treatments were performed by submerging the transformed seedlings in water or SA solution at indicated concentrations for 2 hr. Entire cotyledons were sampled for microscopy.

    [0139] Chemical treatment, pathogen infection and cell death assays. For soil-grown Arabidopsis plants, SA treatment was carried out with spray at indicated concentrations. For seedlings grown vertically on solid 1/2 MS medium for 10-12 days, SA 925 treatment (1 mM), with or without the proteasome inhibitor MG132 (50 μM), and protein synthesis 926 inhibitor cycloheximide (100 μM) was done by submerging them in solutions for indicated periods. Unless otherwise stated, in N. benthamiana, SA treatment was done by infiltrating leaves 24 hr after agroinfiltration. SA pre-treatment of mature Arabidopsis was done by spray 24 hr before bacterial infection or cell death induction. For bacterial infections, Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326 carrying AvrRpt2 or AvrRpm1 effectors, and Pf Pf0-1 carrying functional AvrRps4 or non-functional AvrRps4KRVY-AAAA effectors were grown for 2 days on solid King's B medium supplemented with appropriate antibiotics. An inoculum was prepared by resuspending cells in 10 mM MgSO4 to obtain the desired optical density: Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 (OD600 nm=0.02); Psm ES4326/AvrRpm1 (OD600 nm=0.1); Pf Pf0-1/AvrRps4 and Pf Pf0-1/AvrRps4KRVY-AAAA (OD600 nm=0.2). Bacteria were pressure infiltrated into mature leaves of three-week-old Arabidopsis plants and cell death or bacterial growth were assessed at indicated times post inoculation (hpi, hours post inoculation; dpi, days post inoculation). Induction of cell death in dex:AvrRpt2 transgenic plants was performed by spraying plants or infiltrating individual leaves with 25 μM dexamethasone (Sigma). Induction of cell death in est:AvrRpt2 transgenic plants was performed by infiltrating individual leaves with 941 50 μM β-estradiol (Sigma). Heat stress was applied by incubating mature leaf disks from three-942 week-old Arabidopsis plants in 45° C. water bath for 45 min. Oxidative stress was induced by spraying three-week-old Arabidopsis plants with 0.25 mM water solution of MV (Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate; Sigma). UV-C irradiation was performed on leaf disks from three-week-old Arabidopsis plants using UV crosslinker with total dose of 20 kJ/m2. Cell death was monitored using electrolyte leakage assay 1 hr after pathogen infection, or induction of dex:AvrRpt2 and est:AvrRpt2, or application of stresses. For electrolyte leakage, 12 leaf disks were sampled from four plants for each treatment/genotype in three replicates. After sampling, the disks were washed with DDW and conductivity was measured every 3 hr using Orion Star™ A222 Portable Conductivity Meter (ThermoFisher). Monitoring the RPP1/ATR1-induced cell death in the presence of SA was done by addition of SA into the leaf disks incubation solution with subsequent subtraction of the conductivity reads contributed by SA from the total reads. For bacterial growth assay, leaf disks were sampled at 1 dpi from eight infected plants per treatment/genotype, ground in 10 mM MgSO4, and plated with sequential dilutions on King's B medium plates supplemented with appropriate antibiotics. At 2 days, the bacterial colonies were scored.

    [0140] Trypan blue staining. Leaves of three-week-old Arabidopsis infected with Psm ES4326/AvrRpt2 were sampled at 1 dpi, boiled in 95% ethanol until completely bleached, followed by boiling for 3 min in a 1:1 mixture of 95% ethanol and staining solution (10 ml lactic acid, 10 ml glycerol, 10 g phenol and 10 mg trypan blue, dissolved in 10 ml DDW). The leaves were then de-stained in 2.5 g/ml chloral hydrate solution and transferred to 70% glycerol for subsequent imaging.

    [0141] VIGS assay. The silencing of NbNPR1 (NbNPR1-RNAi) and NbCUL3 (NbCUL3-RNAi) was done using VIGS assay performed as previously described. Ten-day-old WT N. benthamiana plants were inoculated with Agrobacteria (GV3101) carrying the helper plasmid pTRV1-LIC mixed at 1:1 with a strain carrying either pTRV2-LIC (empty vector control, E.V.), pTRV2-NbPDS (positive control), pTRV2-NbNPR1 or pTRV2-NbCUL3 vectors. Ten days later, gene silencing in the mock and SA-treated plants was verified in the systemic leaves by qPCR using gene-specific and reference gene (eIF4a) primers (Table 6). NbNPR1 silencing was additionally confirmed by analysis of NbPR1 expression. The silenced leaves were used in the standard transient expression assay by agroinfiltration using strains carrying the indicated test genes; and gene expression was assayed at 2 dpi.

    [0142] Quantitative PCR. Total RNA was extracted from fresh leaf tissue with Trizol reagent (Sigma). cDNA was synthetized using the SuperScript III cDNA Synthesis (Thermofisher). QPCR was performed with FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master Kit (Roche) using Mastercycler ep realplex (Eppendorf). Gene specific primers used for qPCR are listed in Table 6.

    [0143] PR1 promoter activity and dual luciferase assay. For promoter transactivation assays, the PR1 promoter reporter (pPR1:DUAL-LUC) was transiently co-expressed in N. benthamiana together with free HA, or HA-fused WT NPR1 or npr1 mutants (effectors) followed by treatment with SA at 1 dpi. At 2 dpi (24 hr after SA treatment), leaf discs were collected, ground in liquid nitrogen, and lysed with the PLB buffer of the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System (Promega, E1910). Lysate was spun down at 12,000 g for 1 min, and 10 μl was taken for measuring FLUC and RLUC activities according to manufacturer's instructions using a Victor3 plate reader (PerkinElmer). At 25° C., substrates for FLUC and RLUC were added using the automatic injector and after 3 s shaking and 3 s delay, the signals were captured for 3 s and recorded as counts per second. To obtain the PR1 promoter activity, the ratio of F-LUC and R-LUC activities was calculated for each effector and plotted relative to that of free HA.

    [0144] Confocal laser scanning microscopy. Unless otherwise indicated, all imaging data and micrographs for single protein imaging, co-localizations, BiFC and time-lapse were obtained from the transient expression in N. benthamiana using the relevant Agrobacteria strains. All imaging was done with confocal laser scanning fluorescence microscopy using Zeiss 880 airyscan inverted confocal microscope with a 40×/1.2 water correction objective. GFP (eGFP) was excited with a 488 nm argon laser and emission was collected with a 505-530 nm band pass filter. YFP was excited with an argon laser using a 514 nm beam splitter, and emission was detected with a 520-555 nm band pass filter. mCherry was excited with a 561 nm diode laser, and emission was detected with a 575-615 nm band pass filter. When eGFP/YFP were imaged together with mCherry, a spectral GASP detector was used to collect emission from eGFP/YFP. Propidium iodide (PI) was excited with 488 nm argon laser and emission was detected with a 590-620 nm band pass filter. Time-lapse imaging was carried out on live leaf tissue samples from N. benthamiana plants transiently expressing the protein of interest. Image acquisition was done in 5 min intervals for the duration of 2 hr by scanning 30 consecutive focal planes along the Z-axis covering the entire thickness of an epidermal cell. Z-projection was done to each time frame stack before composing a final time-lapse file.

    [0145] Protein analysis and IP. Recombinant protein analysis was performed using transient expression in N. benthamiana, or stable over-expression in transgenic Arabidopsis, or expression in E. coli. Total protein extraction from plants was performed by homogenizing leaf tissue in the plant extraction buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.2% Triton X-100, 0.2% Nonidet P-40] supplemented with 1 mM PMSF, 100 μM MG132, and EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche). For ubiquitinated protein analysis in plants, 100 μM of DUB (deubiquitinase) inhibitor (LifeSensors) and 10 mM NEM were added. Next, the lysates were cleared by centrifugation at 14,000 rpm for 15 min followed by filtering through a 0.2 μm filter. Unless otherwise indicated, total protein extraction from E. coli was performed by mechanical disruption of cells with lysis buffer containing 125 mM Tris HCl (pH 7.5), 150 mM NaCl, cocktail of protease inhibitors, 1 mM PMSF, 7.15 mM BME, 1 mM EDTA. Pull-downs or IP experiments were done on total protein extracts by incubating protein samples in the lysis buffer overnight with indicated affinity tag or antibody conjugated to agarose or magnetic beads: GFP-trap agarose beads (Chromotek) for GFP fusions; RFP-trap agarose beads (Chromotek) for mCherry fusions; anti-HA magnetic beads (ThermoFisher) for HA tag fusions; anti-DYKDDDDK coupled magnetic agarose (ThermoFisher) for FLAG tag fusions; and glutathione magnetic agarose (ThermoFisher) for GST fusions. Unless otherwise indicated, after pull-down/IP, beads were washed 3 times and proteins were eluted by boiling in the 2×SDS sample buffer. For Western blotting, the SDS sample buffer was added to the protein extracts from a 4×stock solution supplemented with 50 mM DTT (dithiothreitol) and 715 mM BME. Protein samples were heated to 95° C. for 10 min, separated on SDS-PAGE gels, and transferred to nitrocellulose membranes. Western blots were probed with α-AtNPR1, α-AtEDS1 (Agrisera), α-AtNIMIN1 (ABclonal), α-HA (Biolegend), α-Myc (Santa 1036 Cruz), α-FLAG-HRP (Biolegend), α-V5 (Santa Cruz), α-GST HRP (GE Healthcare), α-GFP (Clonetech), α-RFP (Chromotek), α-AtCUL3A, α-Ubiquitin (Ub; P4D1; Santa Cruz), α-TUB (β-Tubulin F1; Santa Cruz), α-Histone H3 (H3; Agrisera), or α-Actin (ACT; Agrisera) primary antibodies. In Western blots, asterisks indicate non-specific bands from the α-NPR1 (FIGS. 1K, 2A, 6D and 6E) and α-HA (FIGS. 4H, 5C and 12C) immunoblots. Equal loading was confirmed by probing either with α-TUB antibody, or by the ˜55 kDa Rubisco band from the Coomassie blue (CB) staining.

    [0146] Cell fractionation. Cytoplasmic and nuclear proteins were sequentially isolated from three-week-old Arabidopsis (Col-0) plants using 1 g of leaf tissue and a sucrose gradient protocol described previously with modifications. Tissue was homogenized in lysis buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 20 mM KCl, 2 mM EDTA, 2.5 mM MgCl2, 25% glycerol, 0.25 M Sucrose) supplemented with 100 μM MG132, EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail, 1 mM PMSF and 5 mM DTT. The lysate was filtered through a 70 μm filter and centrifuged at 20,000 g for 15 min at 4° C., and the supernatant was collected (cytoplasmic fraction). The pellet was washed four times with 5 ml of NRBT buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.4, 25% glycerol, 2.5 mM MgCl2, and 0.2% Triton X-100). After the last wash, the pellet was resuspended with 500 μl of NRB2 buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 0.25 M Sucrose, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.5% Triton X-100) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail and 5 mM BME. The obtained suspension was layered at 1:1 on top of the NRB3 buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5, 1.7 M Sucrose, 10 mM MgCl2, 0.5% Triton X-100) supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail and 5 mM BME, centrifuged at 16,000 g for 45 min at 4° C. The top layer was removed and the pellet was resuspended with 200 μl of plant extraction buffer containing 1% Triton X-100, protease inhibitor cocktail and 5 mM BME (nuclear fraction). Samples were run on a reducing SDS-PAGE. Cell fractionation was confirmed by immunoblotting with antibodies against cytoplasmic marker actin (α-ACT) and nuclear marker histone H3 (α-H3).

    [0147] Prediction of redox-sensitive disorder regions. Protein sequences of AtNPRs were submitted to the IUPred2a tool (iupred2a.elte.hu/; (Meszaros et al., 2018)) for prediction of intrinsically disordered regions (IDRs) with experimental redox-state option turned on. The differential IDR score per residue (FIG. 2F) was calculated by subtracting the predicted redox-plus (WT protein) values from redox-minus (mutated cysteines) values (Table 3).

    [0148] Mass spectrometry. For proteomic analysis of NPR1 condensates, total proteins from mock- and SA-treated transgenic Arabidopsis plants expressing sim3-GFP in the WT NPR1 background (sim3-GFP/Col-0) were isolated, followed by immunoprecipitation of sim3-GFP and a quantitative LC-MS analysis of the co-purified proteins. Lysates were prepared from 6 g of tissue from three-week-old plants treated with water (mock) or 1 mM SA for 24 hr using IP buffer (plant extraction buffer containing 1% Triton X-100) supplemented with 1 mM PMSF, 100 μM MG132, 100 μM DUB inhibitor, 10 mM NEM, 1.43 mM BME, EDTA-free protease inhibitor cocktail (Roche), and 100 μM SA for SA-treated sample. For each treatment the obtained lysate was filtered through a 0.2 μm filter, split into three replicates, mixed with GFP-trap agarose beads (Chromotek) under saturating conditions [25 μl beads (50% slurry)/3 ml of lysate] and subjected to three independent IP reactions per each sample by overnight incubation at 4° C. After incubation, the beads were washed five times with the IP buffer and three times with 50 mM ammonium bicarbonate (NH4HCO3). For silver stain, 5% of the beads were mixed with ×2 SDS sample buffer, boiled at 95° C. for 10 min and the supernatant was run on a 4-12% polyacrylamide gel. The gel was stained with Pierce™ Silver Stain Kit (ThermoFisher) according to the manufacturer's instructions. The remaining beads were submitted to the Duke Proteomics Core Facility for an on-bead trypsin digestion, peptide lyophilization and LC-MS/MS analysis. Quantitative one-dimensional liquid chromatography, tandem mass spectrometry (1D-LC-MS/MS) was performed on equal volumes of peptide digests of the three replicates from each treatment. Following the LC-MS/MS runs, data were imported into Rosetta Elucidator v. 4 (Rosetta Biosoftware, Inc.), and analyses were aligned based on the accurate mass and retention time of detected ions (“features”) using PeakTeller algorithm in Elucidator. Relative peptide abundance (expression intensity) was calculated based on area-under-the curve (AUC) of the selected ion chromatograms of the aligned features across all runs. The MS/MS data were searched against a custom Araport11 database with an additional entry for the sim3-GFP sequence and an equal number of reversed-sequence “decoys” for false discovery rate determination (96,720 total entries). Mascot Distiller and Mascot Server (v 2.5, Matrix Sciences) were utilized to produce fragment ion spectra and to perform the database searches. Database search parameters included precursor mass tolerance of 5 ppm, product ion mass tolerance of 0.8 Da, trypsin specificity with up to 2 missed cleavages, fixed modification on Cys (carbamidomethyl) and variable modification of deamidation (Asn/Gln), oxidation (Met) and N-terminal protein acetylation. After individual peptide scoring using the PeptideProphet algorithm in Elucidator, the data were annotated at a 1% peptide and 0.8% protein false discovery rates, respectively. The data were filtered to remove low quality peptides with poor chromatographic peak shape, and those quantified by less than two peptides. Only those proteins quantified from at least two replicates in each sample were accepted. Due to differences in the intensity values of sim3-GFP peptides between mock and SA treated samples, the data were normalized to the mean sim3-GFP expression across all 6 samples. In the normalized data the intensities of sim3-GFP were equalized, while other identified protein intensities varied based on their abundance. The variability between the samples and replicates were visualized from the normalized data by principal component analysis (PCA) and 2-dimentional hierarchical clustering (FIGS. 11A-11H). Fold change (FC) of the mean intensities from the three replicates of SA-treated samples over mock was calculated and a t-test was applied to calculate the p-value. The final list of sim3-GFP interactors (171 proteins) was obtained by applying FC cut-off above 2, and a p-value below 0.05. The GO term analysis of the interactome list was performed using the ShinyGO v0.60: Gene Ontology Enrichment Analysis tool (Ge et al., 2019). For intersection analysis of SINC functional groups, the UpSet plot (FIG. 3A) was generated using Intervene Shiny App.

    [0149] Quantification And Statistical Analysis. For all image quantifications, 8-16 randomly sampled unsaturated confocal images (512×512 pixels, 225×225 μm) were used with an automated image analysis algorithm implemented in the ImageJ software as previously described. Briefly, for each experiment, images from control and test samples were grouped into a dataset. Next, a random image was selected from the dataset and parameters such as local threshold, background noise, object size and shape were determined. The obtained parameters were fed into an algorithm for automated analysis of the entire dataset. The output values, such as body number, size, and intensity/body, were used for statistical analysis between test and control groups using Student's t tests or one-way ANOVA tests. For quantification of co-localization, Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between GFP/BiFC and mCherry signals using the JACoP plugin in the ImageJ software with the default settings.

    [0150] All experiments involving measurements/quantifications, imaging and quantifications from images were repeated at least two times with similar results. Data plotting and statistical tests were performed in GraphPad Prism 8. Statistical parameters such as mean±SD (standard deviation), SE (standard error), 95% confidence intervals are indicated in figure legends. In graphs showing quantification of co-localization and nuclear-cytoplasmic partitioning, all data points (number of images used, n) are plotted using box & whiskers with min/max range indication. In all graphs, asterisks indicate statistical significance (*, p<0.05; **, p<0.01; ***, p<0.001; ****, p<0.0001, ns, not significant) tested by Student's t test (two groups) or one/two-way ANOVA (multiple groups). Lowercase letters indicate statistical significance tested between multiple groups by one-way ANOVA at p<0.05. In conductivity assays n=3; in bacterial growth assays n=8; in PR1 promoter transactivation assay n=3.

    TABLES

    [0151]

    TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Prediction Scores for Redox-Sensitive Disorder Regions (RDRs) in Arabidopsis NPRs. Related to FIGS. 2A-2I and 9A-9E. The RDR regions were predicted with the IUPred2a algorithm (iupred2a.elte.hu/). Differential IDR score was calculated by subtracting the redox-plus (WT protein) scores from the redox-minus (mutated cysteines) scores for each residue. IUPRED2 IUPRED2 REDOX SENSITIVE DIFFERENTIAL IDR AMINO ACID AMINO REDOX REDOX DISORDER SCORE [(REDOX MINUS) − POSITION ACID PLUX MINUS REGION, RDR (1) (REDOX PLUS)] >AtNPR1 (AT1G64280) 1 M 0.8595 0.8595 0 0 2 D 0.7573 0.7573 0 0 3 T 0.7458 0.7458 0 0 4 T 0.6412 0.6412 0 0 5 I 0.5941 0.5941 0 0 6 D 0.5514 0.5514 0 0 7 G 0.5008 0.5008 0 0 8 F 0.4556 0.4556 0 0 9 A 0.3359 0.3359 0 0 10 D 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 11 S 0.1698 0.1698 0 0 12 Y 0.1844 0.1844 0 0 13 E 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 14 I 0.1998 0.1998 0 0 15 S 0.2041 0.2041 0 0 16 S 0.282 0.282 0 0 17 T 0.27 0.27 0 0 18 S 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 19 F 0.27 0.27 0 0 20 V 0.2483 0.2483 0 0 21 A 0.1698 0.1698 0 0 22 T 0.1178 0.1178 0 0 23 D 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 24 N 0.1018 0.1018 0 0 25 T 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 26 D 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 27 S 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 28 S 0.1018 0.1018 0 0 29 I 0.0991 0.0991 0 0 30 V 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 31 Y 0.2292 0.2292 0 0 32 L 0.2786 0.2786 0 0 33 A 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 34 A 0.1998 0.1998 0 0 35 E 0.1698 0.1698 0 0 36 Q 0.1178 0.1178 0 0 37 V 0.1178 0.1178 0 0 38 L 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 39 T 0.0478 0.0478 0 0 40 G 0.0789 0.0789 0 0 41 P 0.115 0.115 0 0 42 D 0.1635 0.1635 0 0 43 V 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 44 S 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 45 A 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 46 L 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 47 Q 0.0789 0.0789 0 0 48 L 0.124 0.124 0 0 49 L 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 50 S 0.2122 0.2167 0 0.0045 51 N 0.2209 0.2255 0 0.0046 52 S 0.1998 0.2041 0 0.0043 53 F 0.1117 0.1178 0 0.0061 54 E 0.115 0.1178 0 0.0028 55 S 0.115 0.1178 0 0.0028 56 V 0.1456 0.1532 0 0.0076 57 F 0.1805 0.1878 0 0.0073 58 D 0.1635 0.1698 0 0.0063 59 S 0.1602 0.1698 0 0.0096 60 P 0.1667 0.1766 0 0.0099 61 D 0.1088 0.1178 0 0.009 62 D 0.1018 0.1088 0 0.007 63 F 0.106 0.1178 0 0.0118 64 Y 0.1805 0.1958 0 0.0153 65 S 0.1602 0.1766 0 0.0164 66 D 0.1732 0.1921 0 0.0189 67 A 0.1732 0.1921 0 0.0189 68 K 0.2558 0.2748 0 0.019 69 L 0.1566 0.1732 0 0.0166 70 V 0.1602 0.1805 0 0.0203 71 L 0.1322 0.1495 0 0.0173 72 S 0.0858 0.1349 0 0.0491 73 D 0.0567 0.0965 0 0.0398 74 G 0.0723 0.1178 0 0.0455 75 R 0.1041 0.1566 0 0.0525 76 E 0.0884 0.138 0 0.0496 77 V 0.0832 0.1322 0 0.049 78 S 0.1018 0.1532 0 0.0514 79 F 0.1041 0.1566 0 0.0525 80 H 0.0965 0.1456 0 0.0491 81 R 0.0832 0.1292 0 0.046 82 S 0.1349 0.1958 0 0.0609 83 V 0.138 0.1998 0 0.0618 84 L 0.115 0.1698 0 0.0548 85 S 0.0771 0.1205 0 0.0434 86 A 0.0643 0.1041 0 0.0398 87 R 0.0502 0.0813 0 0.0311 88 S 0.0621 0.1041 0 0.042 89 S 0.0643 0.106 0 0.0417 90 F 0.1088 0.1667 0 0.0579 91 F 0.1178 0.1732 0 0.0554 92 K 0.1178 0.1732 0 0.0554 93 S 0.1667 0.1844 0 0.0177 94 A 0.2041 0.2209 0 0.0168 95 L 0.27 0.2865 0 0.0165 96 A 0.2786 0.3005 0 0.0219 97 A 0.3005 0.3225 0 0.022 98 A 0.2657 0.2865 0 0.0208 99 K 0.2333 0.2558 0 0.0225 100 K 0.1766 0.1958 0 0.0192 101 E 0.2531 0.2748 0 0.0217 102 K 0.2602 0.282 0 0.0218 103 D 0.27 0.2913 0 0.0213 104 S 0.1958 0.2122 0 0.0164 105 N 0.2167 0.2333 0 0.0166 106 N 0.2913 0.3053 0 0.014 107 T 0.2333 0.2483 0 0.015 108 A 0.2292 0.2385 0 0.0093 109 A 0.2531 0.2602 0 0.0071 110 V 0.27 0.2748 0 0.0048 111 K 0.2041 0.2122 0 0.0081 112 L 0.1958 0.2041 0 0.0083 113 E 0.1532 0.1566 0 0.0034 114 L 0.1532 0.1566 0 0.0034 115 K 0.0991 0.1018 0 0.0027 116 E 0.1041 0.106 0 0.0019 117 I 0.0991 0.1018 0 0.0027 118 A 0.0744 0.0771 0 0.0027 119 K 0.066 0.0677 0 0.0017 120 D 0.0813 0.0832 0 0.0019 121 Y 0.0858 0.0935 0 0.0077 122 E 0.0607 0.0677 0 0.007 123 V 0.0832 0.0965 0 0.0133 124 G 0.0502 0.0587 0 0.0085 125 F 0.0587 0.0723 0 0.0136 126 D 0.0405 0.0514 0 0.0109 127 S 0.0395 0.049 0 0.0095 128 V 0.066 0.0813 0 0.0153 129 V 0.0789 0.0991 0 0.0202 130 T 0.0567 0.0744 0 0.0177 131 V 0.0502 0.066 0 0.0158 132 L 0.0884 0.1178 0 0.0294 133 A 0.0965 0.1292 0 0.0327 134 Y 0.1456 0.1878 0 0.0422 135 V 0.1349 0.1805 0 0.0456 136 Y 0.1998 0.2657 0 0.0659 137 S 0.1349 0.1921 0 0.0572 138 S 0.1349 0.1878 0 0.0529 139 R 0.1878 0.2531 0 0.0653 140 V 0.1266 0.3005 1 0.1739 141 R 0.1018 0.2657 1 0.1639 142 P 0.1456 0.3359 1 0.1903 143 P 0.208 0.4037 1 0.1957 144 P 0.2385 0.4379 1 0.1994 145 K 0.1998 0.4967 1 0.2969 146 G 0.1602 0.5412 1 0.381 147 V 0.1998 0.6035 1 0.4037 148 S 0.1349 0.5296 1 0.3947 149 E 0.1088 0.5008 1 0.392 150 S 0.0514 0.5008 1 0.4494 151 A 0.0677 0.5412 1 0.4735 152 D 0.0832 0.5711 1 0.4879 153 E 0.0567 0.5253 1 0.4686 154 N 0.0316 0.4282 1 0.3966 155 S 0.0308 0.4245 1 0.3937 156 S 0.0157 0.3359 1 0.3202 157 H 0.0121 0.2963 1 0.2842 158 V 0.009 0.2657 1 0.2567 159 A 0.0099 0.282 1 0.2721 160 S 0.0061 0.1958 0 0.1897 161 R 0.0074 0.1266 0 0.1192 162 P 0.0055 0.0991 0 0.0936 163 A 0.0015 0.0478 0 0.0463 164 V 0.0009 0.035 0 0.0341 165 D 0.0005 0.0144 0 0.0139 166 F 0.0006 0.0078 0 0.0072 167 M 0.0005 0.0033 0 0.0028 168 L 0.0005 0.0029 0 0.0024 169 E 0.0004 0.0021 0 0.0017 170 V 0.0006 0.0035 0 0.0029 171 L 0.0013 0.0042 0 0.0029 172 Y 0.0007 0.0012 0 0.0005 173 L 0.0003 0.0005 0 0.0002 174 A 0.0004 0.0006 0 0.0002 175 F 0.0003 0.0005 0 0.0002 176 I 0.0002 0.0003 0 0.0001 177 F 0.0003 0.0004 0 0.0001 178 K 0.0003 0.0005 0 0.0002 179 I 0.0005 0.0007 0 0.0002 180 P 0.0002 0.0004 0 0.0002 181 E 0.0002 0.0003 0 0.0001 182 L 0.0003 0.0005 0 0.0002 183 I 0.0003 0.0004 0 0.0001 184 T 0.0003 0.0004 0 0.0001 185 L 0.0004 0.0005 0 0.0001 186 Y 0.0007 0.0009 0 0.0002 187 Q 0.0008 0.0009 0 1E−04 188 R 0.0009 0.0013 0 0.0004 189 H 0.0006 0.0007 0 0.0001 190 L 0.001 0.0015 0 0.0005 191 L 0.0008 0.001 0 0.0002 192 D 0.0008 0.0009 0 1E−04 193 V 0.0008 0.001 0 0.0002 194 V 0.001 0.0024 0 0.0014 195 D 0.0007 0.0008 0 0.0001 196 K 0.0007 0.0009 0 0.0002 197 V 0.0013 0.0028 0 0.0015 198 V 0.0007 0.0009 0 0.0002 199 I 0.0006 0.0008 0 0.0002 200 E 0.0007 0.0009 0 0.0002 201 D 0.0007 0.0009 0 0.0002 202 T 0.0008 0.0037 0 0.0029 203 L 0.0008 0.0035 0 0.0027 204 V 0.0018 0.0075 0 0.0057 205 I 0.0031 0.0099 0 0.0068 206 L 0.001 0.0097 0 0.0087 207 K 0.0009 0.0084 0 0.0075 208 L 0.0024 0.0157 0 0.0133 209 A 0.0024 0.016 0 0.0136 210 N 0.0028 0.02 0 0.0172 211 I 0.0028 0.0212 0 0.0184 212 S 0.0028 0.02 0 0.0172 213 G 0.001 0.0212 0 0.0202 214 K 0.0033 0.0414 0 0.0381 215 A 0.0067 0.0723 0 0.0656 216 S 0.0069 0.0744 0 0.0675 217 M 0.0078 0.0813 0 0.0735 218 K 0.0049 0.0526 0 0.0477 219 L 0.0094 0.1018 0 0.0924 220 L 0.0137 0.1266 0 0.1129 221 D 0.0131 0.1266 0 0.1135 222 R 0.0179 0.1566 0 0.1387 223 S 0.0376 0.1566 0 0.119 224 K 0.0336 0.1416 0 0.108 225 E 0.0226 0.1041 0 0.0815 226 I 0.0316 0.1322 0 0.1006 227 I 0.035 0.0884 0 0.0534 228 V 0.0425 0.1041 0 0.0616 229 K 0.0441 0.1088 0 0.0647 230 S 0.0813 0.1698 0 0.0885 231 N 0.0858 0.1766 0 0.0908 232 V 0.0991 0.1958 0 0.0967 233 D 0.0991 0.1921 0 0.093 234 M 0.1602 0.1878 0 0.0276 235 V 0.1117 0.1349 0 0.0232 236 S 0.0771 0.0965 0 0.0194 237 L 0.1322 0.1635 0 0.0313 238 E 0.2041 0.2385 0 0.0344 239 K 0.1958 0.2292 0 0.0334 240 S 0.1349 0.1602 0 0.0253 241 L 0.1349 0.1602 0 0.0253 242 P 0.1349 0.1566 0 0.0217 243 E 0.1805 0.2041 0 0.0236 244 E 0.1766 0.1958 0 0.0192 245 L 0.1958 0.2122 0 0.0164 246 V 0.1878 0.2041 0 0.0163 247 K 0.1921 0.208 0 0.0159 248 E 0.1958 0.2041 0 0.0083 249 I 0.1958 0.208 0 0.0122 250 I 0.1495 0.1566 0 0.0071 251 D 0.1698 0.1766 0 0.0068 252 R 0.2385 0.2432 0 0.0047 253 R 0.1602 0.1635 0 0.0033 254 K 0.1602 0.1635 0 0.0033 255 E 0.1566 0.1602 0 0.0036 256 L 0.2292 0.2292 0 0 257 G 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 258 L 0.2292 0.2292 0 0 259 E 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 260 V 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 261 P 0.3491 0.3491 0 0 262 K 0.3359 0.3359 0 0 263 V 0.3184 0.3184 0 0 264 K 0.2432 0.2483 0 0.0051 265 K 0.2432 0.2531 0 0.0099 266 H 0.2432 0.2483 0 0.0051 267 V 0.3096 0.3184 0 0.0088 268 S 0.3005 0.3096 0 0.0091 269 N 0.282 0.2913 0 0.0093 270 V 0.2913 0.3005 0 0.0092 271 H 0.27 0.282 0 0.012 272 K 0.1805 0.1921 0 0.0116 273 A 0.1805 0.1958 0 0.0153 274 L 0.1667 0.1844 0 0.0177 275 D 0.1178 0.1322 0 0.0144 276 S 0.0771 0.0909 0 0.0138 277 D 0.0723 0.0858 0 0.0135 278 D 0.1088 0.1292 0 0.0204 279 I 0.1041 0.124 0 0.0199 280 E 0.0965 0.124 0 0.0275 281 L 0.1266 0.1602 0 0.0336 282 V 0.1205 0.1602 0 0.0397 283 K 0.0723 0.1018 0 0.0295 284 L 0.0832 0.115 0 0.0318 285 L 0.1322 0.1698 0 0.0376 286 L 0.1117 0.1495 0 0.0378 287 K 0.0587 0.1456 0 0.0869 288 E 0.0502 0.124 0 0.0738 289 D 0.0279 0.0723 0 0.0444 290 H 0.0464 0.1266 0 0.0802 291 T 0.0218 0.0621 0 0.0403 292 N 0.0316 0.0935 0 0.0619 293 L 0.0308 0.0909 0 0.0601 294 D 0.0268 0.0771 0 0.0503 295 D 0.0279 0.0789 0 0.051 296 A 0.0226 0.124 0 0.1014 297 S 0.0387 0.1844 0 0.1457 298 A 0.0259 0.1349 0 0.109 299 L 0.0231 0.1266 0 0.1035 300 H 0.0231 0.1266 0 0.1035 301 F 0.0179 0.1041 0 0.0862 302 A 0.0182 0.106 0 0.0878 303 V 0.0182 0.1041 0 0.0859 304 A 0.02 0.1088 0 0.0888 305 Y 0.0116 0.0677 0 0.0561 306 S 0.0118 0.0701 0 0.0583 307 N 0.0083 0.0526 0 0.0443 308 V 0.0167 0.0526 0 0.0359 309 K 0.0118 0.0405 0 0.0287 310 T 0.0179 0.0567 0 0.0388 311 A 0.02 0.0587 0 0.0387 312 T 0.0259 0.0723 0 0.0464 313 D 0.0316 0.0884 0 0.0568 314 L 0.0464 0.1266 0 0.0802 315 L 0.0554 0.1456 0 0.0902 316 K 0.0909 0.208 0 0.1171 317 L 0.1844 0.2385 0 0.0541 318 D 0.1844 0.2333 0 0.0489 319 L 0.2432 0.2963 0 0.0531 320 A 0.1698 0.2209 0 0.0511 321 D 0.1766 0.2255 0 0.0489 322 V 0.1602 0.1998 0 0.0396 323 N 0.1117 0.1416 0 0.0299 324 H 0.1178 0.1495 0 0.0317 325 R 0.1292 0.1602 0 0.031 326 N 0.1698 0.1998 0 0.03 327 P 0.1495 0.1766 0 0.0271 328 R 0.1921 0.2209 0 0.0288 329 G 0.1878 0.2167 0 0.0289 330 Y 0.27 0.2963 0 0.0263 331 T 0.3184 0.3399 0 0.0215 332 V 0.3491 0.3668 0 0.0177 333 L 0.4282 0.4458 0 0.0176 334 H 0.3535 0.3668 0 0.0133 335 V 0.282 0.2913 0 0.0093 336 A 0.2167 0.2255 0 0.0088 337 A 0.2167 0.2209 0 0.0042 338 M 0.1349 0.1416 0 0.0067 339 R 0.0909 0.0965 0 0.0056 340 K 0.1018 0.1018 0 0 341 E 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 342 P 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 343 Q 0.1732 0.1766 0 0.0034 344 L 0.2483 0.2483 0 0 345 I 0.2041 0.2041 0 0 346 L 0.27 0.27 0 0 347 S 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 348 L 0.3005 0.3053 0 0.0048 349 L 0.3311 0.3399 0 0.0088 350 E 0.2602 0.27 0 0.0098 351 K 0.27 0.2786 0 0.0086 352 G 0.2558 0.27 0 0.0142 353 A 0.2292 0.2483 0 0.0191 354 S 0.2167 0.2385 0 0.0218 355 A 0.2602 0.2865 0 0.0263 356 S 0.27 0.3005 0 0.0305 357 E 0.3225 0.3535 0 0.031 358 A 0.2385 0.27 0 0.0315 359 T 0.27 0.3096 0 0.0396 360 L 0.3359 0.3762 0 0.0403 361 E 0.3225 0.3717 0 0.0492 362 G 0.282 0.3399 0 0.0579 363 R 0.282 0.3399 0 0.0579 364 T 0.2963 0.3578 0 0.0615 365 A 0.2657 0.3359 0 0.0702 366 L 0.2483 0.3146 0 0.0663 367 M 0.2558 0.3263 0 0.0705 368 I 0.1495 0.3184 1 0.1689 369 A 0.1732 0.3535 1 0.1803 370 K 0.1698 0.3535 1 0.1837 371 Q 0.1766 0.3578 1 0.1812 372 A 0.1998 0.3806 1 0.1808 373 T 0.208 0.3885 1 0.1805 374 M 0.2041 0.3885 1 0.1844 375 A 0.124 0.3939 1 0.2699 376 V 0.138 0.4149 1 0.2769 377 E 0.1878 0.4918 1 0.304 378 S 0.2122 0.5173 1 0.3051 379 N 0.2292 0.5374 1 0.3082 380 N 0.2602 0.5623 1 0.3021 381 I 0.2657 0.5711 1 0.3054 382 P 0.2657 0.5623 1 0.2966 383 E 0.2333 0.5331 1 0.2998 384 Q 0.1416 0.5331 1 0.3915 385 S 0.1178 0.5008 1 0.383 386 K 0.1456 0.5331 1 0.3875 387 H 0.1456 0.5296 1 0.384 388 S 0.0991 0.4651 1 0.366 389 L 0.1805 0.4703 1 0.2898 390 K 0.1844 0.4825 1 0.2981 391 G 0.1921 0.4825 1 0.2904 392 R 0.2657 0.5583 1 0.2926 393 L 0.2255 0.5229 1 0.2974 394 S 0.2122 0.5084 1 0.2962 395 V 0.2209 0.5126 1 0.2917 396 E 0.3359 0.5229 1 0.187 397 I 0.2748 0.46 1 0.1852 398 L 0.3053 0.4781 1 0.1728 399 E 0.2865 0.4651 1 0.1786 400 Q 0.3578 0.5296 1 0.1718 401 E 0.2963 0.4703 1 0.174 402 D 0.3311 0.4967 1 0.1656 403 K 0.3762 0.5331 1 0.1569 404 R 0.4458 0.5992 0 0.1534 405 E 0.4703 0.5173 0 0.047 406 Q 0.5008 0.5412 0 0.0404 407 I 0.4203 0.4651 0 0.0448 408 P 0.4556 0.5043 0 0.0487 409 R 0.4879 0.5296 0 0.0417 410 D 0.4967 0.5374 0 0.0407 411 V 0.5043 0.5374 0 0.0331 412 P 0.4203 0.4556 0 0.0353 413 P 0.4037 0.4282 0 0.0245 414 S 0.3806 0.4078 0 0.0272 415 F 0.3939 0.4149 0 0.021 416 A 0.3096 0.3311 0 0.0215 417 V 0.2333 0.2483 0 0.015 418 A 0.3184 0.3359 0 0.0175 419 A 0.208 0.2255 0 0.0175 420 D 0.2333 0.2483 0 0.015 421 E 0.2292 0.2432 0 0.014 422 L 0.2913 0.3053 0 0.014 423 K 0.1921 0.1998 0 0.0077 424 M 0.138 0.1495 0 0.0115 425 T 0.0832 0.0935 0 0.0103 426 L 0.1117 0.124 0 0.0123 427 L 0.1322 0.1416 0 0.0094 428 D 0.1805 0.1958 0 0.0153 429 L 0.1322 0.1456 0 0.0134 430 E 0.0909 0.1018 0 0.0109 431 N 0.0991 0.1088 0 0.0097 432 R 0.0909 0.1018 0 0.0109 433 V 0.1566 0.1698 0 0.0132 434 A 0.1349 0.1532 0 0.0183 435 L 0.1602 0.1805 0 0.0203 436 A 0.1322 0.1532 0 0.021 437 Q 0.1635 0.1878 0 0.0243 438 R 0.1998 0.2255 0 0.0257 439 L 0.1958 0.2255 0 0.0297 440 F 0.1958 0.2255 0 0.0297 441 P 0.1602 0.1844 0 0.0242 442 T 0.1667 0.1921 0 0.0254 443 E 0.1495 0.1766 0 0.0271 444 A 0.1958 0.2255 0 0.0297 445 Q 0.2255 0.2602 0 0.0347 446 A 0.3096 0.3399 0 0.0303 447 A 0.282 0.3762 0 0.0942 448 M 0.2963 0.3847 0 0.0884 449 E 0.2255 0.3184 0 0.0929 450 I 0.2531 0.3399 0 0.0868 451 A 0.282 0.3668 0 0.0848 452 E 0.2531 0.3399 0 0.0868 453 M 0.2558 0.3399 0 0.0841 454 K 0.1732 0.2531 0 0.0799 455 G 0.2167 0.3005 0 0.0838 456 T 0.2385 0.3225 0 0.084 457 S 0.282 0.363 0 0.081 458 E 0.3096 0.3885 0 0.0789 459 F 0.27 0.3491 0 0.0791 460 I 0.2558 0.3399 0 0.0841 461 V 0.3399 0.4203 0 0.0804 462 T 0.3668 0.4513 0 0.0845 463 S 0.3491 0.4333 0 0.0842 464 L 0.3717 0.4556 0 0.0839 465 E 0.3806 0.4651 0 0.0845 466 P 0.3762 0.4556 0 0.0794 467 D 0.4037 0.4879 0 0.0842 468 R 0.4703 0.4918 0 0.0215 469 L 0.3939 0.4149 0 0.021 470 T 0.4651 0.4879 0 0.0228 471 G 0.4556 0.4781 0 0.0225 472 T 0.4967 0.5173 0 0.0206 473 K 0.5253 0.5473 0 0.022 474 R 0.4379 0.46 0 0.0221 475 T 0.5126 0.5331 0 0.0205 476 S 0.4379 0.4556 0 0.0177 477 P 0.3535 0.3717 0 0.0182 478 G 0.3399 0.363 0 0.0231 479 V 0.3399 0.3578 0 0.0179 480 K 0.4078 0.4333 0 0.0255 481 I 0.4203 0.4458 0 0.0255 482 A 0.4149 0.4379 0 0.023 483 P 0.4149 0.4379 0 0.023 484 F 0.3491 0.3717 0 0.0226 485 R 0.3535 0.3762 0 0.0227 486 I 0.3225 0.3491 0 0.0266 487 L 0.2531 0.282 0 0.0289 488 E 0.2255 0.2531 0 0.0276 489 E 0.2209 0.2483 0 0.0274 490 H 0.2786 0.3096 0 0.031 491 Q 0.2167 0.2432 0 0.0265 492 S 0.2865 0.3184 0 0.0319 493 R 0.2209 0.2558 0 0.0349 494 L 0.1921 0.2292 0 0.0371 495 K 0.27 0.3146 0 0.0446 496 A 0.2558 0.3053 0 0.0495 497 L 0.2333 0.2865 0 0.0532 498 S 0.2122 0.2657 0 0.0535 499 K 0.2483 0.3053 0 0.057 500 T 0.2432 0.3005 0 0.0573 501 V 0.1416 0.2963 0 0.1547 502 E 0.1349 0.282 0 0.1471 503 L 0.1205 0.27 0 0.1495 504 G 0.0858 0.2122 0 0.1264 505 K 0.0909 0.2255 0 0.1346 506 R 0.0909 0.2255 0 0.1346 507 F 0.1088 0.2602 0 0.1514 508 F 0.1088 0.2602 0 0.1514 509 P 0.0991 0.2483 0 0.1492 510 R 0.1018 0.2531 1 0.1513 511 S 0.0502 0.2558 1 0.2056 512 S 0.0813 0.3263 1 0.245 513 A 0.0789 0.3263 1 0.2474 514 V 0.0909 0.3491 1 0.2582 515 L 0.0884 0.3399 1 0.2515 516 D 0.0909 0.3491 1 0.2582 517 Q 0.0607 0.2963 1 0.2356 518 I 0.0884 0.3491 1 0.2607 519 M 0.0771 0.4333 1 0.3562 520 N 0.0607 0.3992 1 0.3385 521 S 0.0643 0.4116 1 0.3473 522 E 0.1322 0.4149 1 0.2827 523 D 0.1322 0.4203 1 0.2881 524 L 0.1456 0.4379 1 0.2923 525 T 0.1667 0.4703 1 0.3036 526 Q 0.2385 0.5374 1 0.2989 527 L 0.2209 0.5229 1 0.302 528 A 0.2122 0.5043 1 0.2921 529 S 0.2122 0.5126 1 0.3004 530 G 0.2292 0.5331 1 0.3039 531 E 0.2122 0.5126 1 0.3004 532 D 0.3096 0.4967 1 0.1871 533 D 0.3096 0.5008 1 0.1912 534 T 0.3005 0.4918 1 0.1913 535 A 0.3184 0.5043 1 0.1859 536 E 0.3146 0.5008 1 0.1862 537 K 0.3263 0.5043 1 0.178 538 R 0.3311 0.5043 1 0.1732 539 L 0.363 0.5331 0 0.1701 540 Q 0.4825 0.5412 0 0.0587 541 K 0.4749 0.5296 0 0.0547 542 K 0.4245 0.4825 0 0.058 543 Q 0.4078 0.46 0 0.0522 544 R 0.3847 0.4379 0 0.0532 545 Y 0.3762 0.4282 0 0.052 546 M 0.3535 0.3992 0 0.0457 547 E 0.3456 0.3847 0 0.0391 548 I 0.363 0.4037 0 0.0407 549 Q 0.3668 0.4078 0 0.041 550 E 0.442 0.4781 0 0.0361 551 T 0.4037 0.4282 0 0.0245 552 L 0.4116 0.4379 0 0.0263 553 K 0.3806 0.4078 0 0.0272 554 K 0.3847 0.4037 0 0.019 555 A 0.3992 0.4149 0 0.0157 556 F 0.4513 0.4651 0 0.0138 557 S 0.46 0.4703 0 0.0103 558 E 0.4078 0.4149 0 0.0071 559 D 0.4703 0.4781 0 0.0078 560 N 0.4556 0.46 0 0.0044 561 L 0.442 0.4513 0 0.0093 562 E 0.4513 0.4556 0 0.0043 563 L 0.4967 0.5008 0 0.0041 564 G 0.5084 0.5126 0 0.0042 565 N 0.5229 0.5229 0 0 566 S 0.5331 0.5331 0 0 567 S 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 568 L 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 569 T 0.5802 0.5802 0 0 570 D 0.59 0.59 0 0 571 S 0.5941 0.5941 0 0 572 T 0.6334 0.6334 0 0 573 S 0.6442 0.6442 0 0 574 S 0.6827 0.6827 0 0 575 T 0.6827 0.6827 0 0 576 S 0.687 0.687 0 0 577 K 0.6944 0.6944 0 0 578 S 0.6756 0.6756 0 0 579 T 0.7079 0.7079 0 0 580 G 0.7275 0.7275 0 0 581 G 0.7501 0.7501 0 0 582 K 0.7724 0.7724 0 0 583 R 0.7951 0.7951 0 0 584 S 0.835 0.835 0 0 585 N 0.865 0.865 0 0 586 R 0.8984 0.8984 0 0 587 K 0.9235 0.9235 0 0 588 L 0.9423 0.9423 0 0 589 S 0.9624 0.9624 0 0 590 H 0.9746 0.9746 0 0 591 R 0.9831 0.9831 0 0 592 R 0.9899 0.9899 0 0 593 R 0.996 0.996 0 0 >AtNPR2 (AT4G26120) 1 M 0.928 0.928 0 0 2 A 0.8556 0.8556 0 0 3 T 0.8158 0.8158 0 0 4 T 0.7772 0.7772 0 0 5 T 0.7317 0.7317 0 0 6 T 0.6293 0.6293 0 0 7 T 0.6174 0.6174 0 0 8 T 0.5084 0.5084 0 0 9 T 0.4556 0.4556 0 0 10 A 0.4149 0.4149 0 0 11 R 0.3717 0.3717 0 0 12 F 0.3806 0.3806 0 0 13 S 0.4078 0.4078 0 0 14 D 0.4149 0.4149 0 0 15 S 0.4149 0.4149 0 0 16 Y 0.3456 0.3456 0 0 17 E 0.2786 0.2786 0 0 18 F 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 19 S 0.2333 0.2385 0 0.0052 20 N 0.2657 0.2657 0 0 21 T 0.2865 0.2865 0 0 22 S 0.2748 0.2748 0 0 23 G 0.2748 0.2748 0 0 24 N 0.2963 0.3005 0 0.0042 25 S 0.2167 0.2209 0 0.0042 26 F 0.2558 0.2602 0 0.0044 27 F 0.3225 0.3311 0 0.0086 28 A 0.3225 0.3263 0 0.0038 29 A 0.3096 0.3225 0 0.0129 30 E 0.2558 0.27 0 0.0142 31 S 0.2531 0.2657 0 0.0126 32 S 0.282 0.2963 0 0.0143 33 L 0.3225 0.3359 0 0.0134 34 D 0.3456 0.3578 0 0.0122 35 Y 0.2786 0.2963 0 0.0177 36 P 0.2786 0.2963 0 0.0177 37 T 0.3225 0.3399 0 0.0174 38 E 0.3146 0.3359 0 0.0213 39 F 0.3184 0.3399 0 0.0215 40 L 0.27 0.2913 0 0.0213 41 T 0.1766 0.1958 0 0.0192 42 P 0.1766 0.1998 0 0.0232 43 P 0.1878 0.208 0 0.0202 44 E 0.1958 0.27 0 0.0742 45 V 0.1292 0.1878 0 0.0586 46 S 0.208 0.2786 0 0.0706 47 A 0.1766 0.2432 0 0.0666 48 L 0.1322 0.1878 0 0.0556 49 K 0.066 0.1041 0 0.0381 50 L 0.115 0.1698 0 0.0548 51 L 0.1602 0.2167 0 0.0565 52 S 0.1844 0.2531 0 0.0687 53 N 0.1732 0.2385 0 0.0653 54 S 0.1495 0.2122 0 0.0627 55 L 0.0723 0.115 0 0.0427 56 E 0.066 0.106 0 0.04 57 S 0.0677 0.1117 0 0.044 58 V 0.0909 0.138 0 0.0471 59 F 0.1117 0.1698 0 0.0581 60 D 0.1205 0.1805 0 0.06 61 S 0.115 0.1732 0 0.0582 62 P 0.1178 0.1766 0 0.0588 63 E 0.0677 0.1178 0 0.0501 64 T 0.0526 0.0935 0 0.0409 65 F 0.0771 0.0991 0 0.022 66 Y 0.115 0.1495 0 0.0345 67 S 0.0991 0.1292 0 0.0301 68 D 0.1088 0.1456 0 0.0368 69 A 0.1041 0.138 0 0.0339 70 K 0.1667 0.208 0 0.0413 71 L 0.0935 0.124 0 0.0305 72 V 0.0991 0.1322 0 0.0331 73 L 0.0832 0.115 0 0.0318 74 A 0.0502 0.1018 0 0.0516 75 G 0.0327 0.0643 0 0.0316 76 G 0.0405 0.0771 0 0.0366 77 R 0.0621 0.1178 0 0.0557 78 E 0.0502 0.0965 0 0.0463 79 V 0.0502 0.0965 0 0.0463 80 S 0.0376 0.0677 0 0.0301 81 F 0.0464 0.0884 0 0.042 82 H 0.0526 0.0965 0 0.0439 83 R 0.0464 0.0858 0 0.0394 84 S 0.0832 0.1416 0 0.0584 85 I 0.106 0.1698 0 0.0638 86 L 0.0884 0.1416 0 0.0532 87 S 0.0526 0.0909 0 0.0383 88 A 0.0455 0.0744 0 0.0289 89 R 0.0405 0.0677 0 0.0272 90 I 0.0425 0.0701 0 0.0276 91 P 0.0425 0.0701 0 0.0276 92 V 0.0771 0.1266 0 0.0495 93 F 0.0771 0.124 0 0.0469 94 K 0.0723 0.1178 0 0.0455 95 S 0.106 0.1205 0 0.0145 96 A 0.1532 0.1698 0 0.0166 97 L 0.208 0.2292 0 0.0212 98 A 0.2041 0.2255 0 0.0214 99 T 0.1667 0.1844 0 0.0177 100 V 0.1566 0.1698 0 0.0132 101 K 0.1532 0.1698 0 0.0166 102 E 0.1292 0.1456 0 0.0164 103 Q 0.1178 0.1322 0 0.0144 104 K 0.1844 0.1998 0 0.0154 105 S 0.1878 0.2041 0 0.0163 106 S 0.1205 0.1322 0 0.0117 107 T 0.1178 0.1266 0 0.0088 108 T 0.1805 0.1921 0 0.0116 109 V 0.2167 0.2292 0 0.0125 110 K 0.1602 0.1667 0 0.0065 111 L 0.2209 0.2292 0 0.0083 112 Q 0.1667 0.1732 0 0.0065 113 L 0.1635 0.1698 0 0.0063 114 K 0.0991 0.1018 0 0.0027 115 E 0.1088 0.1117 0 0.0029 116 I 0.1088 0.1117 0 0.0029 117 A 0.0789 0.0813 0 0.0024 118 R 0.0567 0.0587 0 0.002 119 D 0.0478 0.0502 0 0.0024 120 Y 0.0554 0.0607 0 0.0053 121 E 0.0387 0.0425 0 0.0038 122 V 0.0542 0.0621 0 0.0079 123 G 0.0336 0.0405 0 0.0069 124 F 0.0405 0.049 0 0.0085 125 D 0.0268 0.0327 0 0.0059 126 S 0.0252 0.0316 0 0.0064 127 V 0.0414 0.0554 0 0.014 128 V 0.0514 0.0701 0 0.0187 129 A 0.035 0.0502 0 0.0152 130 V 0.0308 0.0455 0 0.0147 131 L 0.049 0.0677 0 0.0187 132 A 0.0542 0.0789 0 0.0247 133 Y 0.0935 0.1322 0 0.0387 134 V 0.0858 0.1266 0 0.0408 135 Y 0.138 0.1958 0 0.0578 136 S 0.1018 0.1566 0 0.0548 137 G 0.1018 0.1566 0 0.0548 138 R 0.1088 0.1698 0 0.061 139 V 0.0677 0.2122 0 0.1445 140 R 0.0542 0.1805 0 0.1263 141 S 0.0813 0.2385 1 0.1572 142 P 0.1292 0.3184 1 0.1892 143 P 0.1667 0.363 1 0.1963 144 K 0.1322 0.4203 1 0.2881 145 G 0.1041 0.4749 1 0.3708 146 A 0.138 0.5374 1 0.3994 147 S 0.0935 0.4749 1 0.3814 148 A 0.0771 0.4379 1 0.3608 149 S 0.0336 0.4379 1 0.4043 150 V 0.0464 0.4825 1 0.4361 151 D 0.049 0.4879 1 0.4389 152 D 0.0464 0.4825 1 0.4361 153 D 0.0259 0.3885 1 0.3626 154 S 0.0245 0.3806 1 0.3561 155 S 0.0116 0.2865 1 0.2749 156 H 0.009 0.2531 1 0.2441 157 V 0.0078 0.2167 1 0.2089 158 A 0.0082 0.2333 1 0.2251 159 S 0.0069 0.1998 0 0.1929 160 R 0.0082 0.1322 0 0.124 161 S 0.0078 0.1266 0 0.1188 162 K 0.0029 0.0621 0 0.0592 163 V 0.0028 0.0567 0 0.0539 164 D 0.0008 0.0259 0 0.0251 165 F 0.0009 0.0144 0 0.0135 166 M 0.0009 0.007 0 0.0061 167 V 0.0009 0.007 0 0.0061 168 E 0.0007 0.0053 0 0.0046 169 V 0.0008 0.0067 0 0.0059 170 L 0.0035 0.0074 0 0.0039 171 Y 0.001 0.0028 0 0.0018 172 L 0.0006 0.0009 0 0.0003 173 S 0.0006 0.0009 0 0.0003 174 F 0.0005 0.0007 0 0.0002 175 V 0.0003 0.0004 0 0.0001 176 F 0.0005 0.0008 0 0.0003 177 Q 0.0006 0.0008 0 0.0002 178 I 0.0008 0.0013 0 0.0005 179 Q 0.0004 0.0006 0 0.0002 180 E 0.0003 0.0005 0 0.0002 181 L 0.0006 0.0008 0 0.0002 182 V 0.0005 0.0006 0 1E−04 183 T 0.0005 0.0006 0 1E−04 184 L 0.0005 0.0007 0 0.0002 185 Y 0.0008 0.0012 0 0.0004 186 E 0.0008 0.0009 0 1E−04 187 R 0.0009 0.0012 0 0.0003 188 Q 0.0006 0.0007 0 0.0001 189 F 0.0012 0.0022 0 0.001 190 L 0.0013 0.0026 0 0.0013 191 E 0.0007 0.0007 0 0 192 I 0.0007 0.0008 0 0.0001 193 V 0.0007 0.0008 0 0.0001 194 D 0.0005 0.0005 0 0 195 K 0.0005 0.0006 0 1E−04 196 V 0.0007 0.0008 0 0.0001 197 V 0.0004 0.0004 0 0 198 V 0.0004 0.0005 0 0.0001 199 E 0.0004 0.0005 0 0.0001 200 D 0.0005 0.0006 0 1E−04 201 I 0.0006 0.0009 0 0.0003 202 L 0.0006 0.0009 0 0.0003 203 V 0.0009 0.0031 0 0.0022 204 I 0.0027 0.0067 0 0.004 205 F 0.0009 0.0029 0 0.002 206 K 0.0009 0.0029 0 0.002 207 L 0.0022 0.0059 0 0.0037 208 D 0.0018 0.0055 0 0.0037 209 T 0.0013 0.0053 0 0.004 210 L 0.0013 0.0052 0 0.0039 211 S 0.0012 0.0042 0 0.003 212 G 0.0022 0.009 0 0.0068 213 T 0.0024 0.009 0 0.0066 214 T 0.0052 0.0182 0 0.013 215 Y 0.0053 0.0194 0 0.0141 216 K 0.0059 0.0212 0 0.0153 217 K 0.0031 0.0121 0 0.009 218 L 0.0074 0.0268 0 0.0194 219 L 0.007 0.0259 0 0.0189 220 D 0.0078 0.0274 0 0.0196 221 R 0.0082 0.0304 0 0.0222 222 S 0.0141 0.0316 0 0.0175 223 I 0.0074 0.015 0 0.0076 224 E 0.0042 0.009 0 0.0048 225 I 0.0052 0.0099 0 0.0047 226 I 0.0044 0.0094 0 0.005 227 V 0.0059 0.0118 0 0.0059 228 K 0.0062 0.0124 0 0.0062 229 S 0.0121 0.0274 0 0.0153 230 D 0.0121 0.0274 0 0.0153 231 I 0.015 0.0327 0 0.0177 232 E 0.0157 0.0363 0 0.0206 233 L 0.0279 0.0376 0 0.0097 234 V 0.0308 0.0414 0 0.0106 235 S 0.0144 0.0218 0 0.0074 236 L 0.0308 0.0425 0 0.0117 237 E 0.0587 0.0858 0 0.0271 238 K 0.0554 0.0789 0 0.0235 239 S 0.0336 0.0464 0 0.0128 240 L 0.035 0.049 0 0.014 241 P 0.0182 0.0274 0 0.0092 242 Q 0.035 0.049 0 0.014 243 H 0.035 0.049 0 0.014 244 I 0.0554 0.0771 0 0.0217 245 F 0.0514 0.0701 0 0.0187 246 K 0.0376 0.0701 0 0.0325 247 Q 0.0387 0.0701 0 0.0314 248 I 0.0387 0.0701 0 0.0314 249 I 0.049 0.0909 0 0.0419 250 D 0.0587 0.1117 0 0.053 251 I 0.1088 0.1805 0 0.0717 252 R 0.0502 0.0909 0 0.0407 253 E 0.0526 0.0935 0 0.0409 254 A 0.0514 0.0884 0 0.037 255 L 0.0909 0.1495 0 0.0586 256 S 0.1041 0.1635 0 0.0594 257 L 0.1041 0.1602 0 0.0561 258 E 0.1041 0.1566 0 0.0525 259 P 0.106 0.1602 0 0.0542 260 P 0.1178 0.1766 0 0.0588 261 K 0.106 0.1635 0 0.0575 262 L 0.1495 0.2167 0 0.0672 263 E 0.0909 0.1456 0 0.0547 264 R 0.0909 0.1416 0 0.0507 265 H 0.1088 0.1667 0 0.0579 266 V 0.1766 0.2531 0 0.0765 267 K 0.2292 0.2558 0 0.0266 268 N 0.2483 0.2748 0 0.0265 269 I 0.2558 0.282 0 0.0262 270 Y 0.1456 0.1667 0 0.0211 271 K 0.0813 0.0991 0 0.0178 272 A 0.0789 0.0965 0 0.0176 273 L 0.1117 0.1292 0 0.0175 274 D 0.0621 0.0771 0 0.015 275 S 0.0405 0.049 0 0.0085 276 D 0.0226 0.0274 0 0.0048 277 D 0.0395 0.0464 0 0.0069 278 V 0.0387 0.0464 0 0.0077 279 E 0.0363 0.0455 0 0.0092 280 L 0.0607 0.0771 0 0.0164 281 V 0.0991 0.1205 0 0.0214 282 K 0.0542 0.0677 0 0.0135 283 M 0.0677 0.0858 0 0.0181 284 L 0.1349 0.1602 0 0.0253 285 L 0.106 0.1266 0 0.0206 286 L 0.0587 0.0771 0 0.0184 287 E 0.0464 0.0587 0 0.0123 288 G 0.0231 0.0297 0 0.0066 289 H 0.035 0.0464 0 0.0114 290 T 0.0137 0.0194 0 0.0057 291 N 0.0226 0.0297 0 0.0071 292 L 0.0157 0.0226 0 0.0069 293 D 0.0124 0.0167 0 0.0043 294 E 0.016 0.0226 0 0.0066 295 A 0.016 0.0387 0 0.0227 296 Y 0.0231 0.0502 0 0.0271 297 A 0.0268 0.0542 0 0.0274 298 L 0.0231 0.0502 0 0.0271 299 H 0.0252 0.0514 0 0.0262 300 F 0.0194 0.0414 0 0.022 301 A 0.0102 0.0259 0 0.0157 302 I 0.0109 0.0259 0 0.015 303 A 0.0121 0.0279 0 0.0158 304 H 0.0069 0.0137 0 0.0068 305 S 0.0066 0.0128 0 0.0062 306 A 0.004 0.0086 0 0.0046 307 V 0.0081 0.0173 0 0.0092 308 K 0.0059 0.0118 0 0.0059 309 T 0.0084 0.0194 0 0.011 310 A 0.0087 0.02 0 0.0113 311 Y 0.0116 0.0259 0 0.0143 312 D 0.0144 0.0316 0 0.0172 313 L 0.0144 0.0316 0 0.0172 314 L 0.0194 0.0405 0 0.0211 315 E 0.0212 0.0425 0 0.0213 316 L 0.0425 0.0502 0 0.0077 317 E 0.0526 0.0643 0 0.0117 318 L 0.0832 0.1018 0 0.0186 319 A 0.0478 0.0587 0 0.0109 320 D 0.049 0.0587 0 0.0097 321 V 0.0395 0.0464 0 0.0069 322 N 0.0387 0.0455 0 0.0068 323 L 0.0376 0.0441 0 0.0065 324 R 0.0405 0.0464 0 0.0059 325 N 0.0554 0.0643 0 0.0089 326 P 0.0414 0.0478 0 0.0064 327 R 0.0587 0.0677 0 0.009 328 G 0.0542 0.0621 0 0.0079 329 Y 0.0991 0.1088 0 0.0097 330 T 0.1292 0.1416 0 0.0124 331 V 0.1532 0.1635 0 0.0103 332 L 0.2209 0.2385 0 0.0176 333 H 0.1416 0.1532 0 0.0116 334 V 0.1532 0.1635 0 0.0103 335 A 0.0909 0.0965 0 0.0056 336 A 0.0935 0.0965 0 0.003 337 M 0.0455 0.0464 0 0.0009 338 R 0.0259 0.0268 0 0.0009 339 K 0.0212 0.0218 0 0.0006 340 E 0.0395 0.0405 0 0.001 341 P 0.0395 0.0395 0 0 342 K 0.049 0.049 0 0 343 L 0.0884 0.0884 0 0 344 I 0.049 0.049 0 0 345 I 0.0464 0.0464 0 0 346 S 0.0554 0.0554 0 0 347 L 0.0677 0.0677 0 0 348 L 0.0813 0.0813 0 0 349 M 0.0502 0.0502 0 0 350 K 0.049 0.049 0 0 351 G 0.0455 0.0455 0 0 352 A 0.0387 0.0387 0 0 353 N 0.0376 0.0376 0 0 354 I 0.0542 0.0542 0 0 355 L 0.0643 0.0643 0 0 356 D 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 357 T 0.049 0.049 0 0 358 T 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 359 L 0.0935 0.0965 0 0.003 360 D 0.115 0.1178 0 0.0028 361 G 0.0701 0.0723 0 0.0022 362 R 0.0677 0.0701 0 0.0024 363 T 0.0813 0.0858 0 0.0045 364 A 0.066 0.0701 0 0.0041 365 L 0.1178 0.124 0 0.0062 366 V 0.1805 0.1878 0 0.0073 367 I 0.1322 0.1416 0 0.0094 368 V 0.1266 0.1349 0 0.0083 369 K 0.1266 0.138 0 0.0114 370 R 0.1921 0.2041 0 0.012 371 L 0.1878 0.2041 0 0.0163 372 T 0.1998 0.2122 0 0.0124 373 K 0.1958 0.2122 0 0.0164 374 A 0.2041 0.2209 0 0.0168 375 D 0.2255 0.2432 0 0.0177 376 D 0.3263 0.3456 0 0.0193 377 Y 0.3806 0.4037 0 0.0231 378 K 0.3847 0.4116 0 0.0269 379 T 0.4333 0.4556 0 0.0223 380 S 0.4458 0.4703 0 0.0245 381 T 0.4458 0.4749 0 0.0291 382 E 0.4513 0.4781 0 0.0268 383 D 0.4037 0.4825 0 0.0788 384 G 0.3456 0.4245 0 0.0789 385 T 0.3885 0.4703 0 0.0818 386 P 0.3399 0.4203 0 0.0804 387 S 0.2865 0.3668 0 0.0803 388 L 0.3717 0.4458 0 0.0741 389 K 0.3762 0.46 0 0.0838 390 G 0.3992 0.4781 0 0.0789 391 G 0.4037 0.4918 0 0.0881 392 L 0.3992 0.4825 0 0.0833 393 S 0.3184 0.4037 0 0.0853 394 I 0.3311 0.4203 0 0.0892 395 E 0.2602 0.3456 0 0.0854 396 V 0.1958 0.282 0 0.0862 397 L 0.1732 0.2531 0 0.0799 398 E 0.1921 0.2786 0 0.0865 399 H 0.1805 0.2602 0 0.0797 400 E 0.1998 0.282 0 0.0822 401 Q 0.1698 0.2483 0 0.0785 402 K 0.1698 0.2432 0 0.0734 403 L 0.1495 0.2209 0 0.0714 404 E 0.1998 0.2209 0 0.0211 405 Y 0.1732 0.1958 0 0.0226 406 L 0.1805 0.2041 0 0.0236 407 S 0.1532 0.1732 0 0.02 408 P 0.2041 0.2292 0 0.0251 409 I 0.2167 0.2385 0 0.0218 410 E 0.2292 0.2531 0 0.0239 411 A 0.2255 0.2432 0 0.0177 412 S 0.1416 0.1566 0 0.015 413 L 0.1416 0.1532 0 0.0116 414 S 0.1635 0.1732 0 0.0097 415 L 0.1416 0.1495 0 0.0079 416 P 0.1292 0.138 0 0.0088 417 V 0.124 0.1292 0 0.0052 418 T 0.0744 0.0789 0 0.0045 419 P 0.0387 0.0395 0 0.0008 420 E 0.0723 0.0771 0 0.0048 421 E 0.0677 0.0723 0 0.0046 422 L 0.0789 0.0832 0 0.0043 423 R 0.049 0.0514 0 0.0024 424 M 0.0723 0.0771 0 0.0048 425 R 0.0441 0.0464 0 0.0023 426 L 0.066 0.0701 0 0.0041 427 L 0.0514 0.0542 0 0.0028 428 Y 0.0526 0.0567 0 0.0041 429 Y 0.0316 0.035 0 0.0034 430 E 0.0137 0.015 0 0.0013 431 N 0.015 0.0167 0 0.0017 432 R 0.0083 0.009 0 0.0007 433 V 0.0173 0.02 0 0.0027 434 A 0.0212 0.0245 0 0.0033 435 L 0.0304 0.0336 0 0.0032 436 A 0.0336 0.0387 0 0.0051 437 R 0.0376 0.0425 0 0.0049 438 L 0.0643 0.0771 0 0.0128 439 L 0.1088 0.1266 0 0.0178 440 F 0.1088 0.1266 0 0.0178 441 P 0.0858 0.1041 0 0.0183 442 V 0.0771 0.0935 0 0.0164 443 E 0.0526 0.0643 0 0.0117 444 T 0.0935 0.1117 0 0.0182 445 E 0.1205 0.1416 0 0.0211 446 T 0.1844 0.208 0 0.0236 447 V 0.1566 0.2385 0 0.0819 448 Q 0.1805 0.27 0 0.0895 449 G 0.1766 0.2657 0 0.0891 450 I 0.2483 0.3359 0 0.0876 451 A 0.3096 0.4037 0 0.0941 452 K 0.2865 0.3806 0 0.0941 453 L 0.363 0.4513 0 0.0883 454 E 0.282 0.3717 0 0.0897 455 E 0.2963 0.3847 0 0.0884 456 T 0.3146 0.4037 0 0.0891 457 S 0.3184 0.4078 0 0.0894 458 E 0.3939 0.4879 0 0.094 459 F 0.3847 0.4825 0 0.0978 460 T 0.3184 0.4116 0 0.0932 461 A 0.4037 0.5008 0 0.0971 462 S 0.442 0.5374 0 0.0954 463 S 0.4556 0.5473 0 0.0917 464 L 0.5229 0.6124 0 0.0895 465 E 0.5043 0.5992 0 0.0949 466 P 0.4967 0.5846 0 0.0879 467 D 0.4245 0.5253 0 0.1008 468 H 0.4967 0.5253 0 0.0286 469 H 0.4078 0.4458 0 0.038 470 I 0.4918 0.5296 0 0.0378 471 G 0.4749 0.5126 0 0.0377 472 E 0.4749 0.5173 0 0.0424 473 K 0.5043 0.5412 0 0.0369 474 R 0.4078 0.4513 0 0.0435 475 T 0.4879 0.5331 0 0.0452 476 S 0.4037 0.4458 0 0.0421 477 L 0.3668 0.4245 0 0.0577 478 D 0.3578 0.4149 0 0.0571 479 L 0.363 0.4149 0 0.0519 480 N 0.3578 0.4149 0 0.0571 481 M 0.3456 0.4078 0 0.0622 482 A 0.3399 0.4037 0 0.0638 483 P 0.3311 0.3885 0 0.0574 484 F 0.2558 0.3184 0 0.0626 485 Q 0.2602 0.3225 0 0.0623 486 I 0.2385 0.3005 0 0.062 487 H 0.1667 0.2255 0 0.0588 488 E 0.1456 0.2913 0 0.1457 489 K 0.1495 0.2963 0 0.1468 490 H 0.1998 0.3578 0 0.158 491 L 0.1456 0.2865 0 0.1409 492 S 0.1667 0.3096 0 0.1429 493 R 0.1205 0.2531 0 0.1326 494 L 0.1018 0.2209 0 0.1191 495 R 0.1667 0.3146 0 0.1479 496 A 0.1456 0.2865 0 0.1409 497 L 0.1456 0.2913 0 0.1457 498 S 0.0909 0.1998 0 0.1089 499 K 0.0858 0.1958 0 0.11 500 T 0.0789 0.1844 0 0.1055 501 V 0.0455 0.1805 0 0.135 502 E 0.0744 0.2531 0 0.1787 503 L 0.049 0.1878 0 0.1388 504 G 0.0464 0.1844 0 0.138 505 K 0.0744 0.2602 0 0.1858 506 R 0.0455 0.1878 0 0.1423 507 Y 0.049 0.1958 0 0.1468 508 F 0.0744 0.2602 0 0.1858 509 K 0.1266 0.2602 0 0.1336 510 R 0.124 0.2531 0 0.1291 511 S 0.124 0.2531 0 0.1291 512 S 0.124 0.2558 0 0.1318 513 L 0.124 0.2558 0 0.1318 514 D 0.1878 0.3399 0 0.1521 515 H 0.138 0.2786 0 0.1406 516 F 0.1266 0.2602 0 0.1336 517 M 0.138 0.2748 0 0.1368 518 D 0.1495 0.2865 0 0.137 519 T 0.2255 0.3762 0 0.1507 520 E 0.2333 0.3806 0 0.1473 521 D 0.2432 0.3885 0 0.1453 522 L 0.3311 0.3847 0 0.0536 523 N 0.3668 0.4203 0 0.0535 524 H 0.442 0.4918 0 0.0498 525 L 0.4379 0.4825 0 0.0446 526 A 0.4245 0.4651 0 0.0406 527 S 0.4556 0.4918 0 0.0362 528 V 0.4825 0.5173 0 0.0348 529 E 0.4703 0.5084 0 0.0381 530 E 0.46 0.4967 0 0.0367 531 D 0.4749 0.5084 0 0.0335 532 T 0.4703 0.5043 0 0.034 533 P 0.4879 0.5229 0 0.035 534 E 0.4825 0.5126 0 0.0301 535 K 0.4918 0.5173 0 0.0255 536 R 0.5126 0.5374 0 0.0248 537 L 0.5412 0.5711 0 0.0299 538 Q 0.5412 0.5711 0 0.0299 539 K 0.5941 0.6219 0 0.0278 540 K 0.5583 0.59 0 0.0317 541 Q 0.5549 0.5846 0 0.0297 542 R 0.5473 0.5762 0 0.0289 543 Y 0.5514 0.5802 0 0.0288 544 M 0.4703 0.5043 0 0.034 545 E 0.4651 0.4967 0 0.0316 546 L 0.4749 0.5043 0 0.0294 547 Q 0.4879 0.5126 0 0.0247 548 E 0.5374 0.5667 0 0.0293 549 T 0.5229 0.5473 0 0.0244 550 L 0.5229 0.5473 0 0.0244 551 M 0.4825 0.5583 0 0.0758 552 K 0.4825 0.5583 0 0.0758 553 T 0.4918 0.5667 0 0.0749 554 F 0.5374 0.6124 0 0.075 555 S 0.5473 0.6174 0 0.0701 556 E 0.5374 0.6079 0 0.0705 557 D 0.5992 0.665 0 0.0658 558 K 0.5846 0.6516 0 0.067 559 E 0.6124 0.6756 0 0.0632 560 E 0.6124 0.6756 0 0.0632 561 S 0.6412 0.7034 0 0.0622 562 G 0.6334 0.6944 0 0.061 563 K 0.6035 0.6681 0 0.0646 564 S 0.6174 0.6756 0 0.0582 565 S 0.6557 0.7147 0 0.059 566 T 0.6604 0.7232 0 0.0628 567 P 0.6681 0.7317 0 0.0636 568 K 0.6715 0.7317 0 0.0602 569 P 0.6334 0.6944 0 0.061 570 T 0.6412 0.7034 0 0.0622 571 S 0.6604 0.7275 0 0.0671 572 A 0.7147 0.7342 0 0.0195 573 V 0.7192 0.7342 0 0.015 574 R 0.6827 0.7034 0 0.0207 575 S 0.6906 0.7111 0 0.0205 576 N 0.6516 0.6756 0 0.024 577 R 0.6474 0.6681 0 0.0207 578 K 0.6334 0.6557 0 0.0223 579 L 0.6474 0.6681 0 0.0207 580 S 0.6124 0.6334 0 0.021 581 H 0.5549 0.5762 0 0.0213 582 R 0.5229 0.5412 0 0.0183 583 R 0.5412 0.5623 0 0.0211 584 L 0.59 0.6079 0 0.0179 585 K 0.6124 0.6293 0 0.0169 586 V 0.5583 0.5762 0 0.0179 587 D 0.5583 0.5762 0 0.0179 588 K 0.5667 0.5846 0 0.0179 589 R 0.5711 0.59 0 0.0189 590 D 0.59 0.6035 0 0.0135 591 F 0.6293 0.6412 0 0.0119 592 L 0.6604 0.6681 0 0.0077 593 K 0.687 0.6944 0 0.0074 594 R 0.7147 0.7192 0 0.0045 595 P 0.7817 0.7869 0 0.0052 596 Y 0.8118 0.8158 0 0.004 597 G 0.8746 0.8746 0 0 598 N 0.9119 0.9119 0 0 599 G 0.9257 0.9257 0 0 600 D 0.9392 0.9392 0 0 >AtNPR3 (AT5G45110) 1 M 0.9009 0.9009 0 0 2 A 0.8626 0.8626 0 0 3 T 0.7573 0.7573 0 0 4 L 0.7192 0.7192 0 0 5 T 0.6715 0.6715 0 0 6 E 0.6255 0.6255 0 0 7 P 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 8 S 0.4703 0.4703 0 0 9 S 0.4149 0.4149 0 0 10 S 0.3005 0.3005 0 0 11 L 0.2657 0.2657 0 0 12 S 0.2748 0.2748 0 0 13 F 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 14 T 0.2483 0.2483 0 0 15 S 0.2963 0.2963 0 0 16 S 0.3053 0.3053 0 0 17 H 0.2865 0.2865 0 0 18 F 0.1844 0.1844 0 0 19 S 0.1878 0.1878 0 0 20 Y 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 21 G 0.1958 0.1958 0 0 22 S 0.2292 0.2292 0 0 23 I 0.2122 0.2167 0 0.0045 24 G 0.282 0.282 0 0 25 S 0.2865 0.2865 0 0 26 N 0.3263 0.3311 0 0.0048 27 H 0.3578 0.363 0 0.0052 28 F 0.3053 0.3096 0 0.0043 29 S 0.3399 0.3491 0 0.0092 30 S 0.3456 0.3491 0 0.0035 31 S 0.3456 0.3535 0 0.0079 32 S 0.3311 0.3399 0 0.0088 33 A 0.3311 0.3456 0 0.0145 34 S 0.3263 0.3399 0 0.0136 35 N 0.3184 0.3311 0 0.0127 36 P 0.3263 0.3359 0 0.0096 37 E 0.3225 0.3359 0 0.0134 38 V 0.2483 0.2602 0 0.0119 39 V 0.3491 0.3668 0 0.0177 40 S 0.3762 0.3939 0 0.0177 41 L 0.3184 0.3399 0 0.0215 42 T 0.2602 0.2865 0 0.0263 43 K 0.2657 0.2913 0 0.0256 44 L 0.2913 0.3225 0 0.0312 45 S 0.3005 0.3263 0 0.0258 46 S 0.3146 0.3399 0 0.0253 47 N 0.208 0.3096 0 0.1016 48 L 0.1998 0.3005 0 0.1007 49 E 0.1766 0.2786 0 0.102 50 Q 0.2209 0.3184 0 0.0975 51 L 0.2385 0.3399 0 0.1014 52 L 0.27 0.3762 0 0.1062 53 S 0.2913 0.3939 0 0.1026 54 N 0.2122 0.3184 0 0.1062 55 S 0.2041 0.3005 0 0.0964 56 D 0.1495 0.2385 0 0.089 57 S 0.1566 0.2531 0 0.0965 58 D 0.1566 0.2531 0 0.0965 59 Y 0.1566 0.2558 0 0.0992 60 S 0.1698 0.2748 0 0.105 61 D 0.1088 0.1921 0 0.0833 62 A 0.1532 0.2531 0 0.0999 63 E 0.1532 0.2531 0 0.0999 64 I 0.1532 0.2602 0 0.107 65 I 0.1495 0.2558 0 0.1063 66 V 0.0965 0.2558 0 0.1593 67 D 0.0587 0.1805 0 0.1218 68 G 0.0643 0.1349 0 0.0706 69 V 0.049 0.1088 0 0.0598 70 P 0.0621 0.138 0 0.0759 71 V 0.0621 0.138 0 0.0759 72 G 0.0567 0.1292 0 0.0725 73 V 0.0723 0.1532 0 0.0809 74 H 0.0395 0.0858 0 0.0463 75 R 0.0405 0.0909 0 0.0504 76 S 0.0677 0.1495 0 0.0818 77 I 0.1088 0.208 0 0.0992 78 L 0.0643 0.1416 0 0.0773 79 A 0.0376 0.0832 0 0.0456 80 A 0.0554 0.124 0 0.0686 81 R 0.0464 0.1018 0 0.0554 82 S 0.0723 0.1495 0 0.0772 83 K 0.0744 0.1495 0 0.0751 84 F 0.115 0.208 0 0.093 85 F 0.0723 0.138 0 0.0657 86 Q 0.0723 0.138 0 0.0657 87 D 0.1205 0.1416 0 0.0211 88 L 0.1635 0.1878 0 0.0243 89 F 0.2209 0.2483 0 0.0274 90 K 0.2531 0.2748 0 0.0217 91 K 0.3146 0.3359 0 0.0213 92 E 0.3146 0.3359 0 0.0213 93 K 0.2255 0.2483 0 0.0228 94 K 0.2385 0.2602 0 0.0217 95 I 0.2432 0.2602 0 0.017 96 S 0.3359 0.3491 0 0.0132 97 K 0.3311 0.3456 0 0.0145 98 T 0.2786 0.2913 0 0.0127 99 E 0.2657 0.2748 0 0.0091 100 K 0.3847 0.3939 0 0.0092 101 P 0.3005 0.3096 0 0.0091 102 K 0.2963 0.3053 0 0.009 103 Y 0.2558 0.2602 0 0.0044 104 Q 0.1844 0.1878 0 0.0034 105 L 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 106 R 0.2209 0.2292 0 0.0083 107 E 0.2255 0.2333 0 0.0078 108 M 0.1878 0.1998 0 0.012 109 L 0.1205 0.1292 0 0.0087 110 P 0.0744 0.0813 0 0.0069 111 Y 0.0464 0.0502 0 0.0038 112 G 0.0194 0.0231 0 0.0037 113 A 0.0109 0.0128 0 0.0019 114 V 0.0218 0.0259 0 0.0041 115 A 0.0102 0.0128 0 0.0026 116 H 0.0109 0.0131 0 0.0022 117 E 0.0066 0.0078 0 0.0012 118 A 0.0061 0.0078 0 0.0017 119 F 0.0078 0.0099 0 0.0021 120 L 0.0131 0.02 0 0.0069 121 Y 0.0062 0.0086 0 0.0024 122 F 0.0094 0.015 0 0.0056 123 L 0.0109 0.0179 0 0.007 124 S 0.0067 0.0099 0 0.0032 125 Y 0.0118 0.0218 0 0.01 126 I 0.0078 0.0131 0 0.0053 127 Y 0.0083 0.015 0 0.0067 128 T 0.0044 0.0083 0 0.0039 129 G 0.0062 0.0099 0 0.0037 130 R 0.0102 0.02 0 0.0098 131 L 0.0074 0.0316 0 0.0242 132 K 0.007 0.0308 0 0.0238 133 P 0.0137 0.0607 0 0.047 134 F 0.0297 0.1117 0 0.082 135 P 0.016 0.0701 0 0.0541 136 L 0.0109 0.1117 0 0.1008 137 E 0.0194 0.1635 0 0.1441 138 V 0.0304 0.2292 0 0.1988 139 S 0.035 0.2531 0 0.2181 140 T 0.0173 0.2483 0 0.231 141 S 0.0084 0.2483 0 0.2399 142 V 0.015 0.3263 0 0.3113 143 D 0.02 0.3578 0 0.3378 144 P 0.0128 0.3053 0 0.2925 145 V 0.0179 0.3456 0 0.3277 146 S 0.0173 0.3399 0 0.3226 147 S 0.0167 0.3359 0 0.3192 148 H 0.009 0.2602 0 0.2512 149 D 0.0097 0.27 0 0.2603 150 S 0.0097 0.2865 0 0.2768 151 S 0.0062 0.2122 0 0.206 152 R 0.0121 0.1958 0 0.1837 153 P 0.0128 0.208 0 0.1952 154 A 0.0087 0.1698 0 0.1611 155 I 0.0081 0.1495 0 0.1414 156 D 0.0141 0.2167 0 0.2026 157 F 0.0245 0.1635 0 0.139 158 V 0.0124 0.1088 0 0.0964 159 V 0.0141 0.115 0 0.1009 160 Q 0.0078 0.0643 0 0.0565 161 L 0.0182 0.0789 0 0.0607 162 M 0.0414 0.0858 0 0.0444 163 Y 0.0226 0.049 0 0.0264 164 A 0.0097 0.0252 0 0.0155 165 S 0.0131 0.0297 0 0.0166 166 S 0.0252 0.049 0 0.0238 167 V 0.0084 0.0182 0 0.0098 168 L 0.0179 0.0376 0 0.0197 169 Q 0.0279 0.0514 0 0.0235 170 V 0.0425 0.0789 0 0.0364 171 P 0.0218 0.0376 0 0.0158 172 E 0.0218 0.0607 0 0.0389 173 L 0.0279 0.0744 0 0.0465 174 V 0.0194 0.0526 0 0.0332 175 S 0.0137 0.0387 0 0.025 176 S 0.015 0.0425 0 0.0275 177 F 0.0144 0.0441 0 0.0297 178 Q 0.0245 0.0643 0 0.0398 179 R 0.0218 0.0587 0 0.0369 180 R 0.0121 0.0336 0 0.0215 181 L 0.0231 0.0554 0 0.0323 182 S 0.0194 0.0502 0 0.0308 183 N 0.0094 0.0279 0 0.0185 184 F 0.0094 0.0286 0 0.0192 185 V 0.0231 0.0567 0 0.0336 186 E 0.0109 0.0308 0 0.0199 187 K 0.0061 0.016 0 0.0099 188 T 0.0099 0.0308 0 0.0209 189 L 0.0066 0.0173 0 0.0107 190 V 0.0052 0.0141 0 0.0089 191 E 0.0015 0.007 0 0.0055 192 N 0.0044 0.0144 0 0.01 193 V 0.0033 0.0144 0 0.0111 194 L 0.0029 0.0137 0 0.0108 195 P 0.0033 0.0157 0 0.0124 196 I 0.0066 0.0297 0 0.0231 197 L 0.0055 0.0286 0 0.0231 198 M 0.0028 0.015 0 0.0122 199 V 0.0009 0.0082 0 0.0073 200 A 0.0033 0.0179 0 0.0146 201 F 0.0062 0.0316 0 0.0254 202 N 0.0026 0.0304 0 0.0278 203 S 0.0008 0.0137 0 0.0129 204 K 0.0026 0.0279 0 0.0253 205 L 0.0049 0.0478 0 0.0429 206 T 0.0015 0.0245 0 0.023 207 Q 0.0031 0.0363 0 0.0332 208 L 0.0067 0.0607 0 0.054 209 L 0.0081 0.0771 0 0.069 210 D 0.015 0.1292 0 0.1142 211 Q 0.0099 0.0965 0 0.0866 212 S 0.0137 0.1178 0 0.1041 213 I 0.0131 0.1117 0 0.0986 214 E 0.0194 0.0677 0 0.0483 215 R 0.0094 0.0723 0 0.0629 216 V 0.0118 0.0813 0 0.0695 217 A 0.0128 0.0858 0 0.073 218 R 0.0124 0.0789 0 0.0665 219 S 0.0268 0.1349 0 0.1081 220 D 0.0304 0.1495 0 0.1191 221 L 0.0363 0.1698 0 0.1335 222 Y 0.0464 0.1958 0 0.1494 223 R 0.0909 0.1998 0 0.1089 224 F 0.1117 0.2385 0 0.1268 225 S 0.0935 0.2122 0 0.1187 226 I 0.1018 0.2209 0 0.1191 227 E 0.1495 0.2913 0 0.1418 228 K 0.124 0.2483 0 0.1243 229 E 0.124 0.2483 0 0.1243 230 V 0.1266 0.2558 0 0.1292 231 P 0.0789 0.1805 0 0.1016 232 P 0.1292 0.2558 0 0.1266 233 E 0.138 0.2657 0 0.1277 234 V 0.0991 0.1998 0 0.1007 235 A 0.1602 0.282 0 0.1218 236 E 0.282 0.3146 0 0.0326 237 K 0.363 0.3992 0 0.0362 238 I 0.3668 0.3992 0 0.0324 239 K 0.3806 0.4116 0 0.031 240 Q 0.3806 0.4078 0 0.0272 241 L 0.4458 0.4781 0 0.0323 242 R 0.4149 0.442 0 0.0271 243 L 0.4149 0.442 0 0.0271 244 I 0.4037 0.4245 0 0.0208 245 S 0.3806 0.4037 0 0.0231 246 P 0.4116 0.4282 0 0.0166 247 Q 0.4149 0.4333 0 0.0184 248 D 0.4149 0.4282 0 0.0133 249 E 0.4078 0.4245 0 0.0167 250 E 0.3399 0.3578 0 0.0179 251 T 0.3456 0.3535 0 0.0079 252 S 0.4116 0.4149 0 0.0033 253 P 0.3263 0.3359 0 0.0096 254 K 0.4078 0.4116 0 0.0038 255 I 0.46 0.4651 0 0.0051 256 S 0.3717 0.3806 0 0.0089 257 E 0.2657 0.27 0 0.0043 258 K 0.2432 0.2483 0 0.0051 259 L 0.2122 0.2122 0 0 260 L 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 261 E 0.1495 0.1495 0 0 262 R 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 263 I 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 264 G 0.1292 0.1292 0 0 265 K 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 266 I 0.1602 0.1602 0 0 267 L 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 268 K 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 269 A 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 270 L 0.0542 0.0542 0 0 271 D 0.0526 0.0526 0 0 272 S 0.0286 0.0286 0 0 273 D 0.0279 0.0279 0 0 274 D 0.0542 0.0542 0 0 275 V 0.0514 0.0514 0 0 276 E 0.0587 0.0587 0 0 277 L 0.0514 0.0514 0 0 278 V 0.0789 0.0789 0 0 279 K 0.0478 0.0478 0 0 280 L 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 281 L 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 282 L 0.0701 0.0701 0 0 283 T 0.0701 0.0701 0 0 284 E 0.0677 0.0677 0 0 285 S 0.0363 0.0363 0 0 286 D 0.0542 0.0542 0 0 287 I 0.0316 0.0316 0 0 288 T 0.0554 0.0554 0 0 289 L 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 290 D 0.0414 0.0414 0 0 291 Q 0.0455 0.0455 0 0 292 A 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 293 N 0.1322 0.1322 0 0 294 G 0.1635 0.1635 0 0 295 L 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 296 H 0.1018 0.1018 0 0 297 Y 0.0643 0.0643 0 0 298 S 0.1018 0.1018 0 0 299 V 0.115 0.115 0 0 300 V 0.1205 0.1205 0 0 301 Y 0.0701 0.0701 0 0 302 S 0.0542 0.0542 0 0 303 D 0.0425 0.0425 0 0 304 P 0.0441 0.0441 0 0 305 K 0.0327 0.0327 0 0 306 V 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 307 V 0.0621 0.0621 0 0 308 A 0.0621 0.0621 0 0 309 E 0.0621 0.0621 0 0 310 I 0.0514 0.0514 0 0 311 L 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 312 A 0.1178 0.1178 0 0 313 L 0.1178 0.1178 0 0 314 D 0.1088 0.1088 0 0 315 M 0.0909 0.0909 0 0 316 G 0.0554 0.0554 0 0 317 D 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 318 V 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 319 N 0.0621 0.0621 0 0 320 Y 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 321 R 0.0542 0.0542 0 0 322 N 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 323 S 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 324 R 0.0991 0.0991 0 0 325 G 0.0909 0.0909 0 0 326 Y 0.1205 0.1205 0 0 327 T 0.1322 0.1322 0 0 328 V 0.1495 0.1495 0 0 329 L 0.208 0.208 0 0 330 H 0.1416 0.1416 0 0 331 F 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 332 A 0.106 0.106 0 0 333 A 0.106 0.106 0 0 334 M 0.066 0.066 0 0 335 R 0.0414 0.0414 0 0 336 R 0.0425 0.0425 0 0 337 E 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 338 P 0.0771 0.0771 0 0 339 S 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 340 I 0.1495 0.1495 0 0 341 I 0.124 0.124 0 0 342 I 0.1998 0.1998 0 0 343 S 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 344 L 0.1878 0.1878 0 0 345 I 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 346 D 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 347 K 0.2167 0.2167 0 0 348 G 0.208 0.208 0 0 349 A 0.1844 0.1844 0 0 350 N 0.1844 0.1844 0 0 351 A 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 352 S 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 353 E 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 354 F 0.2786 0.2786 0 0 355 T 0.2913 0.2963 0 0.005 356 S 0.3806 0.3806 0 0 357 D 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 358 G 0.3146 0.3225 0 0.0079 359 R 0.3096 0.3146 0 0.005 360 S 0.3399 0.3491 0 0.0092 361 A 0.3762 0.3847 0 0.0085 362 V 0.4078 0.4149 0 0.0071 363 N 0.4037 0.4149 0 0.0112 364 I 0.3359 0.3491 0 0.0132 365 L 0.4282 0.4513 0 0.0231 366 R 0.4333 0.4513 0 0.018 367 R 0.4333 0.4556 0 0.0223 368 L 0.4379 0.46 0 0.0221 369 T 0.4149 0.4379 0 0.023 370 N 0.4149 0.442 0 0.0271 371 P 0.4149 0.4458 0 0.0309 372 K 0.442 0.4703 0 0.0283 373 D 0.4879 0.5173 0 0.0294 374 Y 0.4918 0.5229 0 0.0311 375 H 0.5583 0.5846 0 0.0263 376 T 0.6219 0.6442 0 0.0223 377 K 0.59 0.6174 0 0.0274 378 T 0.5846 0.6174 0 0.0328 379 A 0.5802 0.6174 0 0.0372 380 K 0.5229 0.6219 0 0.099 381 G 0.4651 0.5623 0 0.0972 382 R 0.4282 0.5331 0 0.1049 383 E 0.3762 0.4781 0 0.1019 384 S 0.3311 0.4333 0 0.1022 385 S 0.3992 0.5043 0 0.1051 386 K 0.3992 0.5008 0 0.1016 387 A 0.4037 0.5008 0 0.0971 388 R 0.3311 0.4282 0 0.0971 389 L 0.3263 0.4282 0 0.1019 390 S 0.3535 0.4513 0 0.0978 391 I 0.3456 0.4458 0 0.1002 392 D 0.3717 0.4781 0 0.1064 393 I 0.3491 0.4556 0 0.1065 394 L 0.2963 0.3992 0 0.1029 395 E 0.2167 0.3263 0 0.1096 396 R 0.2209 0.3311 0 0.1102 397 E 0.2167 0.3311 0 0.1144 398 I 0.2748 0.3885 0 0.1137 399 R 0.2432 0.3578 0 0.1146 400 K 0.2333 0.4245 0 0.1912 401 N 0.3096 0.4245 0 0.1149 402 P 0.27 0.3847 0 0.1147 403 M 0.2786 0.3885 0 0.1099 404 V 0.2963 0.4078 0 0.1115 405 L 0.3762 0.4879 0 0.1117 406 D 0.3762 0.4879 0 0.1117 407 T 0.3806 0.4918 0 0.1112 408 P 0.2865 0.3992 0 0.1127 409 M 0.363 0.4781 0 0.1151 410 S 0.3311 0.442 0 0.1109 411 S 0.3263 0.4379 0 0.1116 412 I 0.2531 0.363 0 0.1099 413 S 0.1566 0.2531 0 0.0965 414 M 0.1088 0.1878 0 0.079 415 P 0.0965 0.1732 0 0.0767 416 E 0.1566 0.2531 0 0.0965 417 D 0.1495 0.2385 0 0.089 418 L 0.1416 0.2292 0 0.0876 419 Q 0.0789 0.1416 0 0.0627 420 M 0.0935 0.1667 0 0.0732 421 R 0.0935 0.1088 0 0.0153 422 L 0.0723 0.0884 0 0.0161 423 L 0.1349 0.1602 0 0.0253 424 Y 0.0832 0.1041 0 0.0209 425 L 0.0607 0.0771 0 0.0164 426 E 0.0297 0.0376 0 0.0079 427 K 0.0336 0.0414 0 0.0078 428 R 0.0316 0.0395 0 0.0079 429 V 0.0621 0.0771 0 0.015 430 G 0.0478 0.0554 0 0.0076 431 L 0.0554 0.066 0 0.0106 432 A 0.0376 0.0441 0 0.0065 433 Q 0.0502 0.0567 0 0.0065 434 L 0.066 0.0771 0 0.0111 435 F 0.1205 0.1322 0 0.0117 436 F 0.1178 0.1292 0 0.0114 437 P 0.106 0.1178 0 0.0118 438 T 0.1117 0.1205 0 0.0088 439 E 0.0744 0.0832 0 0.0088 440 A 0.1292 0.138 0 0.0088 441 K 0.1292 0.138 0 0.0088 442 V 0.1878 0.1958 0 0.008 443 A 0.2209 0.2292 0 0.0083 444 M 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 445 D 0.2385 0.2385 0 0 446 I 0.3225 0.3225 0 0 447 G 0.4116 0.4116 0 0 448 N 0.3263 0.3263 0 0 449 V 0.3263 0.3263 0 0 450 E 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 451 G 0.4078 0.4078 0 0 452 T 0.4203 0.4203 0 0 453 S 0.4967 0.4967 0 0 454 E 0.5331 0.5331 0 0 455 F 0.5084 0.5084 0 0 456 T 0.4967 0.4967 0 0 457 G 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 458 L 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 459 S 0.5253 0.5253 0 0 460 P 0.5941 0.5941 0 0 461 P 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 462 S 0.5296 0.5296 0 0 463 S 0.5412 0.5412 0 0 464 G 0.4879 0.4879 0 0 465 L 0.4703 0.4703 0 0 466 T 0.5549 0.5549 0 0 467 G 0.5549 0.5549 0 0 468 N 0.5802 0.5802 0 0 469 L 0.6374 0.6374 0 0 470 S 0.6079 0.6079 0 0 471 Q 0.59 0.59 0 0 472 V 0.5583 0.5583 0 0 473 D 0.5667 0.5667 0 0 474 L 0.5711 0.5711 0 0 475 N 0.5084 0.5084 0 0 476 E 0.5084 0.5084 0 0 477 T 0.5043 0.5043 0 0 478 P 0.5043 0.5043 0 0 479 H 0.4651 0.4651 0 0 480 M 0.4651 0.4651 0 0 481 Q 0.4333 0.4333 0 0 482 T 0.3578 0.3578 0 0 483 Q 0.3717 0.3717 0 0 484 R 0.3535 0.3535 0 0 485 L 0.4116 0.4116 0 0 486 L 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 487 T 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 488 R 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 489 M 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 490 V 0.3005 0.3005 0 0 491 A 0.3225 0.3225 0 0 492 L 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 493 M 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 494 K 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 495 T 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 496 V 0.1322 0.1322 0 0 497 E 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 498 T 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 499 G 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 500 R 0.106 0.106 0 0 501 R 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 502 F 0.1667 0.1667 0 0 503 F 0.1602 0.1602 0 0 504 P 0.1635 0.1635 0 0 505 Y 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 506 G 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 507 S 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 508 E 0.0965 0.0965 0 0 509 V 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 510 L 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 511 D 0.0991 0.0991 0 0 512 K 0.0677 0.0677 0 0 513 Y 0.0813 0.0813 0 0 514 M 0.138 0.138 0 0 515 A 0.115 0.115 0 0 516 E 0.1117 0.1117 0 0 517 Y 0.106 0.106 0 0 518 I 0.0621 0.0621 0 0 519 D 0.0587 0.0587 0 0 520 D 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 521 D 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 522 I 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 523 L 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 524 D 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 525 D 0.2292 0.2292 0 0 526 F 0.2531 0.2531 0 0 527 H 0.2333 0.2333 0 0 528 F 0.2432 0.2432 0 0 529 E 0.3005 0.3005 0 0 530 K 0.2913 0.2913 0 0 531 G 0.27 0.2748 0 0.0048 532 S 0.2657 0.2657 0 0 533 T 0.2657 0.27 0 0.0043 534 H 0.3263 0.3311 0 0.0048 535 E 0.3263 0.3311 0 0.0048 536 R 0.27 0.2786 0 0.0086 537 R 0.3578 0.3668 0 0.009 538 L 0.363 0.3717 0 0.0087 539 K 0.4379 0.4458 0 0.0079 540 R 0.3885 0.4037 0 0.0152 541 M 0.4203 0.4333 0 0.013 542 R 0.4203 0.4333 0 0.013 543 Y 0.3992 0.4149 0 0.0157 544 R 0.3578 0.3762 0 0.0184 545 E 0.3578 0.3806 0 0.0228 546 L 0.3578 0.3806 0 0.0228 547 K 0.363 0.3847 0 0.0217 548 D 0.3806 0.3992 0 0.0186 549 D 0.4379 0.46 0 0.0221 550 V 0.442 0.4651 0 0.0231 551 Q 0.46 0.4825 0 0.0225 552 K 0.4333 0.4513 0 0.018 553 A 0.4203 0.442 0 0.0217 554 Y 0.4879 0.5084 0 0.0205 555 S 0.4879 0.5084 0 0.0205 556 K 0.4458 0.5084 0 0.0626 557 D 0.4651 0.5229 0 0.0578 558 K 0.46 0.5126 0 0.0526 559 E 0.4458 0.5043 0 0.0585 560 S 0.4458 0.5043 0 0.0585 561 K 0.4918 0.5412 0 0.0494 562 I 0.4651 0.5173 0 0.0522 563 A 0.4967 0.5473 0 0.0506 564 R 0.5084 0.5549 0 0.0465 565 S 0.5549 0.5992 0 0.0443 566 S 0.5514 0.5941 0 0.0427 567 L 0.5412 0.5846 0 0.0434 568 S 0.5043 0.5412 0 0.0369 569 A 0.5084 0.5514 0 0.043 570 S 0.5126 0.5549 0 0.0423 571 S 0.5126 0.5549 0 0.0423 572 S 0.4703 0.5173 0 0.047 573 P 0.5253 0.5802 0 0.0549 574 S 0.5412 0.5992 0 0.058 575 S 0.5296 0.59 0 0.0604 576 S 0.5253 0.5846 0 0.0593 577 S 0.6079 0.6293 0 0.0214 578 I 0.6827 0.7034 0 0.0207 579 R 0.7232 0.7458 0 0.0226 580 D 0.7772 0.7951 0 0.0179 581 D 0.8158 0.8391 0 0.0233 582 L 0.8521 0.8713 0 0.0192 583 H 0.8886 0.904 0 0.0154 584 N 0.892 0.9068 0 0.0148 585 T 0.918 0.9316 0 0.0136 586 T 0.9447 0.9553 0 0.0106 >AtNPR4 (AT4G19660) 1 M 0.9208 0.9208 0 0 2 A 0.8521 0.8521 0 0 3 A 0.8118 0.8118 0 0 4 T 0.6984 0.6984 0 0 5 A 0.665 0.665 0 0 6 I 0.6219 0.6219 0 0 7 E 0.5711 0.5711 0 0 8 P 0.5374 0.5374 0 0 9 S 0.442 0.442 0 0 10 S 0.3939 0.3939 0 0 11 S 0.3535 0.3535 0 0 12 I 0.4037 0.4037 0 0 13 S 0.4203 0.4203 0 0 14 F 0.4703 0.4703 0 0 15 T 0.4203 0.4203 0 0 16 S 0.3939 0.3939 0 0 17 S 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 18 H 0.4203 0.4245 0 0.0042 19 L 0.3399 0.3456 0 0.0057 20 S 0.3456 0.3535 0 0.0079 21 N 0.3456 0.3578 0 0.0122 22 P 0.3311 0.3456 0 0.0145 23 S 0.3717 0.3847 0 0.013 24 P 0.3762 0.3885 0 0.0123 25 V 0.3847 0.4037 0 0.019 26 V 0.4078 0.4245 0 0.0167 27 T 0.4379 0.4556 0 0.0177 28 T 0.3806 0.3992 0 0.0186 29 Y 0.3717 0.3885 0 0.0168 30 H 0.4282 0.4458 0 0.0176 31 S 0.4333 0.4556 0 0.0223 32 A 0.3668 0.3885 0 0.0217 33 A 0.363 0.3885 0 0.0255 34 N 0.3806 0.4078 0 0.0272 35 L 0.2963 0.3263 0 0.03 36 E 0.2913 0.3225 0 0.0312 37 E 0.3399 0.3762 0 0.0363 38 L 0.3399 0.3806 0 0.0407 39 S 0.3668 0.4078 0 0.041 40 S 0.4458 0.4825 0 0.0367 41 N 0.363 0.4825 0 0.1195 42 L 0.3806 0.5008 0 0.1202 43 E 0.3311 0.4513 0 0.1202 44 Q 0.3535 0.4781 0 0.1246 45 L 0.3668 0.4918 0 0.125 46 L 0.4078 0.5296 0 0.1218 47 T 0.4037 0.5253 0 0.1216 48 N 0.3005 0.4245 0 0.124 49 P 0.282 0.4078 0 0.1258 50 D 0.1998 0.3225 0 0.1227 51 S 0.2167 0.3399 0 0.1232 52 D 0.2255 0.3491 0 0.1236 53 Y 0.3053 0.4282 0 0.1229 54 T 0.2483 0.3762 0 0.1279 55 D 0.2333 0.363 0 0.1297 56 A 0.3263 0.4556 0 0.1293 57 E 0.3184 0.4458 0 0.1274 58 I 0.3225 0.4458 0 0.1233 59 I 0.2602 0.3806 0 0.1204 60 I 0.2255 0.3535 0 0.128 61 E 0.1998 0.3311 0 0.1313 62 E 0.2122 0.3263 0 0.1141 63 E 0.1566 0.2602 0 0.1036 64 A 0.1602 0.27 0 0.1098 65 N 0.138 0.2432 0 0.1052 66 P 0.1117 0.2041 0 0.0924 67 V 0.1292 0.2255 0 0.0963 68 S 0.115 0.208 0 0.093 69 V 0.1698 0.2786 0 0.1088 70 H 0.1667 0.2786 0 0.1119 71 R 0.1698 0.2865 0 0.1167 72 S 0.1088 0.2041 0 0.0953 73 V 0.1041 0.1958 0 0.0917 74 L 0.0621 0.1292 0 0.0671 75 A 0.0464 0.0991 0 0.0527 76 A 0.0455 0.0965 0 0.051 77 R 0.0363 0.0744 0 0.0381 78 S 0.0554 0.115 0 0.0596 79 K 0.0567 0.1205 0 0.0638 80 F 0.0884 0.1667 0 0.0783 81 F 0.0935 0.1635 0 0.07 82 L 0.0965 0.1698 0 0.0733 83 D 0.1495 0.1732 0 0.0237 84 L 0.1958 0.2209 0 0.0251 85 F 0.2558 0.282 0 0.0262 86 K 0.3146 0.3359 0 0.0213 87 K 0.3399 0.363 0 0.0231 88 D 0.2657 0.282 0 0.0163 89 K 0.282 0.3005 0 0.0185 90 D 0.2483 0.2657 0 0.0174 91 S 0.3263 0.3456 0 0.0193 92 S 0.4078 0.4203 0 0.0125 93 E 0.4037 0.4149 0 0.0112 94 K 0.3184 0.3263 0 0.0079 95 K 0.4149 0.4282 0 0.0133 96 P 0.4203 0.4245 0 0.0042 97 K 0.4245 0.4282 0 0.0037 98 Y 0.4282 0.4333 0 0.0051 99 Q 0.3535 0.3578 0 0.0043 100 M 0.3491 0.3535 0 0.0044 101 K 0.3535 0.3578 0 0.0043 102 D 0.3578 0.3668 0 0.009 103 L 0.3311 0.3399 0 0.0088 104 L 0.2432 0.2558 0 0.0126 105 P 0.1766 0.1844 0 0.0078 106 Y 0.1698 0.1844 0 0.0146 107 G 0.0858 0.0991 0 0.0133 108 N 0.0526 0.0621 0 0.0095 109 V 0.0909 0.1041 0 0.0132 110 G 0.049 0.0567 0 0.0077 111 R 0.0414 0.049 0 0.0076 112 E 0.0245 0.0304 0 0.0059 113 A 0.0231 0.0304 0 0.0073 114 F 0.0376 0.0478 0 0.0102 115 L 0.0587 0.0813 0 0.0226 116 H 0.0286 0.0405 0 0.0119 117 F 0.0455 0.0621 0 0.0166 118 L 0.0514 0.0744 0 0.023 119 S 0.0245 0.0376 0 0.0131 120 Y 0.0441 0.066 0 0.0219 121 I 0.0252 0.0395 0 0.0143 122 Y 0.0268 0.0405 0 0.0137 123 T 0.0141 0.0245 0 0.0104 124 G 0.0173 0.0286 0 0.0113 125 R 0.0308 0.0478 0 0.017 126 L 0.0231 0.0677 0 0.0446 127 K 0.0128 0.0414 0 0.0286 128 P 0.0279 0.0771 0 0.0492 129 F 0.0425 0.1117 0 0.0692 130 P 0.0252 0.0677 0 0.0425 131 I 0.0182 0.1041 0 0.0859 132 E 0.0231 0.124 0 0.1009 133 V 0.0336 0.1766 0 0.143 134 S 0.0395 0.1921 0 0.1526 135 T 0.0405 0.1878 0 0.1473 136 S 0.0194 0.1805 0 0.1611 137 V 0.0327 0.2483 0 0.2156 138 D 0.0414 0.282 0 0.2406 139 S 0.0274 0.2255 0 0.1981 140 V 0.0336 0.2531 0 0.2195 141 S 0.0316 0.2432 0 0.2116 142 A 0.0286 0.2292 0 0.2006 143 H 0.0194 0.1844 0 0.165 144 D 0.0194 0.1844 0 0.165 145 S 0.0218 0.1998 0 0.178 146 S 0.0116 0.1322 0 0.1206 147 K 0.02 0.1178 0 0.0978 148 P 0.0218 0.124 0 0.1022 149 A 0.0144 0.0965 0 0.0821 150 I 0.015 0.0991 0 0.0841 151 D 0.0128 0.0858 0 0.073 152 F 0.0179 0.0587 0 0.0408 153 A 0.0118 0.0414 0 0.0296 154 V 0.0141 0.0464 0 0.0323 155 E 0.0069 0.0218 0 0.0149 156 L 0.0081 0.0274 0 0.0193 157 M 0.0182 0.0308 0 0.0126 158 Y 0.0094 0.016 0 0.0066 159 A 0.0044 0.0075 0 0.0031 160 S 0.0066 0.0086 0 0.002 161 F 0.0097 0.015 0 0.0053 162 V 0.0035 0.0061 0 0.0026 163 F 0.0082 0.0118 0 0.0036 164 Q 0.009 0.0131 0 0.0041 165 I 0.0157 0.0226 0 0.0069 166 P 0.0069 0.0086 0 0.0017 167 D 0.0116 0.0157 0 0.0041 168 L 0.015 0.0212 0 0.0062 169 V 0.0131 0.0179 0 0.0048 170 S 0.009 0.0121 0 0.0031 171 S 0.0102 0.0137 0 0.0035 172 F 0.0231 0.0297 0 0.0066 173 Q 0.0363 0.0441 0 0.0078 174 R 0.0363 0.0425 0 0.0062 175 K 0.0194 0.0231 0 0.0037 176 L 0.0395 0.0464 0 0.0069 177 R 0.0336 0.0405 0 0.0069 178 N 0.0173 0.0218 0 0.0045 179 Y 0.0173 0.0226 0 0.0053 180 V 0.0395 0.049 0 0.0095 181 E 0.0212 0.0268 0 0.0056 182 K 0.0102 0.0137 0 0.0035 183 S 0.0131 0.0179 0 0.0048 184 L 0.0079 0.0097 0 0.0018 185 V 0.0069 0.0086 0 0.0017 186 E 0.0029 0.0044 0 0.0015 187 N 0.0069 0.0094 0 0.0025 188 V 0.0031 0.0099 0 0.0068 189 L 0.0031 0.0099 0 0.0068 190 P 0.0029 0.0097 0 0.0068 191 I 0.0061 0.0194 0 0.0133 192 L 0.0055 0.0182 0 0.0127 193 L 0.0026 0.009 0 0.0064 194 V 0.0008 0.0055 0 0.0047 195 A 0.0028 0.0116 0 0.0088 196 F 0.0055 0.0226 0 0.0171 197 H 0.0021 0.0212 0 0.0191 198 S 0.0007 0.0086 0 0.0079 199 D 0.0013 0.0173 0 0.016 200 L 0.0037 0.0316 0 0.0279 201 T 0.001 0.0137 0 0.0127 202 Q 0.0026 0.0231 0 0.0205 203 L 0.0042 0.0387 0 0.0345 204 L 0.0084 0.0677 0 0.0593 205 D 0.0157 0.1117 0 0.096 206 Q 0.009 0.0723 0 0.0633 207 S 0.0226 0.1416 0 0.119 208 I 0.0226 0.1349 0 0.1123 209 E 0.0245 0.0771 0 0.0526 210 R 0.0102 0.0771 0 0.0669 211 V 0.0118 0.0813 0 0.0695 212 A 0.0124 0.0832 0 0.0708 213 R 0.0118 0.0771 0 0.0653 214 S 0.0259 0.1349 0 0.109 215 D 0.0279 0.1456 0 0.1177 216 L 0.0327 0.1635 0 0.1308 217 D 0.0179 0.1041 0 0.0862 218 R 0.0387 0.1041 0 0.0654 219 F 0.0502 0.1322 0 0.082 220 S 0.0304 0.0832 0 0.0528 221 I 0.0327 0.0909 0 0.0582 222 E 0.0526 0.1349 0 0.0823 223 K 0.0395 0.1041 0 0.0646 224 E 0.0425 0.106 0 0.0635 225 L 0.0414 0.1117 0 0.0703 226 P 0.0245 0.0643 0 0.0398 227 L 0.0455 0.115 0 0.0695 228 E 0.0286 0.0744 0 0.0458 229 V 0.0286 0.0723 0 0.0437 230 L 0.0542 0.1292 0 0.075 231 E 0.0701 0.0884 0 0.0183 232 K 0.124 0.1495 0 0.0255 233 I 0.0723 0.0909 0 0.0186 234 K 0.0935 0.115 0 0.0215 235 Q 0.0909 0.1117 0 0.0208 236 L 0.1041 0.1205 0 0.0164 237 R 0.0832 0.0991 0 0.0159 238 V 0.1416 0.1602 0 0.0186 239 K 0.1349 0.1532 0 0.0183 240 S 0.1878 0.208 0 0.0202 241 V 0.1732 0.1844 0 0.0112 242 N 0.1766 0.1921 0 0.0155 243 I 0.1766 0.1878 0 0.0112 244 P 0.2483 0.2602 0 0.0119 245 E 0.2657 0.2748 0 0.0091 246 V 0.2483 0.2558 0 0.0075 247 E 0.2657 0.2748 0 0.0091 248 D 0.1998 0.2041 0 0.0043 249 K 0.2531 0.2558 0 0.0027 250 S 0.2385 0.2432 0 0.0047 251 I 0.1635 0.1667 0 0.0032 252 E 0.2255 0.2292 0 0.0037 253 R 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 254 T 0.3146 0.3184 0 0.0038 255 G 0.2913 0.2913 0 0 256 K 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 257 V 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 258 L 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 259 K 0.1698 0.1698 0 0 260 A 0.1635 0.1635 0 0 261 L 0.1088 0.1088 0 0 262 D 0.124 0.124 0 0 263 S 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 264 D 0.0771 0.0771 0 0 265 D 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 266 V 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 267 E 0.0965 0.0965 0 0 268 L 0.0744 0.0744 0 0 269 V 0.115 0.115 0 0 270 K 0.0701 0.0701 0 0 271 L 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 272 L 0.138 0.138 0 0 273 L 0.1088 0.1088 0 0 274 T 0.1117 0.1117 0 0 275 E 0.1088 0.1088 0 0 276 S 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 277 D 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 278 I 0.0502 0.0502 0 0 279 T 0.0677 0.0677 0 0 280 L 0.0643 0.0643 0 0 281 D 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 282 Q 0.0567 0.0567 0 0 283 A 0.0909 0.0909 0 0 284 N 0.1416 0.1416 0 0 285 G 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 286 L 0.1602 0.1602 0 0 287 H 0.1117 0.1117 0 0 288 Y 0.0723 0.0723 0 0 289 A 0.1266 0.1266 0 0 290 V 0.1416 0.1416 0 0 291 A 0.1667 0.1667 0 0 292 Y 0.1018 0.1018 0 0 293 S 0.1041 0.1041 0 0 294 D 0.0789 0.0789 0 0 295 P 0.0789 0.0789 0 0 296 K 0.0607 0.0607 0 0 297 V 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 298 V 0.0935 0.0935 0 0 299 T 0.0909 0.0909 0 0 300 Q 0.1117 0.1117 0 0 301 V 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 302 L 0.1041 0.1041 0 0 303 D 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 304 L 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 305 D 0.1532 0.1532 0 0 306 M 0.1266 0.1266 0 0 307 A 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 308 D 0.1205 0.1205 0 0 309 V 0.1205 0.1205 0 0 310 N 0.0771 0.0771 0 0 311 F 0.0723 0.0723 0 0 312 R 0.0587 0.0587 0 0 313 N 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 314 S 0.0643 0.0643 0 0 315 R 0.0832 0.0832 0 0 316 G 0.0789 0.0789 0 0 317 Y 0.1041 0.1041 0 0 318 T 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 319 V 0.1566 0.1566 0 0 320 L 0.2167 0.2167 0 0 321 H 0.1456 0.1456 0 0 322 I 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 323 A 0.1178 0.1178 0 0 324 A 0.1349 0.138 0 0.0031 325 M 0.0858 0.0858 0 0 326 R 0.0514 0.0526 0 0.0012 327 R 0.0567 0.0587 0 0.002 328 E 0.0991 0.1018 0 0.0027 329 P 0.0991 0.106 0 0.0069 330 T 0.1178 0.1266 0 0.0088 331 I 0.1805 0.1921 0 0.0116 332 I 0.1495 0.1635 0 0.014 333 I 0.2333 0.2531 0 0.0198 334 P 0.2657 0.282 0 0.0163 335 L 0.2167 0.2333 0 0.0166 336 I 0.2531 0.2748 0 0.0217 337 Q 0.1844 0.1998 0 0.0154 338 K 0.1766 0.1958 0 0.0192 339 G 0.1698 0.1878 0 0.018 340 A 0.1495 0.1667 0 0.0172 341 N 0.1532 0.1698 0 0.0166 342 A 0.1998 0.2255 0 0.0257 343 S 0.2167 0.2432 0 0.0265 344 D 0.2963 0.3263 0 0.03 345 F 0.2041 0.2292 0 0.0251 346 T 0.2041 0.3096 0 0.1055 347 F 0.282 0.3939 0 0.1119 348 D 0.2748 0.3806 0 0.1058 349 G 0.2041 0.3146 0 0.1105 350 R 0.1958 0.3053 0 0.1095 351 S 0.2292 0.3399 0 0.1107 352 A 0.2657 0.3717 0 0.106 353 V 0.2963 0.4078 0 0.1115 354 N 0.2865 0.3992 0 0.1127 355 I 0.2292 0.3456 0 0.1164 356 S 0.3096 0.4282 0 0.1186 357 R 0.3096 0.4333 0 0.1237 358 R 0.3885 0.5126 0 0.1241 359 L 0.3939 0.5173 0 0.1234 360 T 0.3939 0.5126 0 0.1187 361 R 0.3847 0.5084 0 0.1237 362 P 0.3847 0.5084 0 0.1237 363 K 0.3992 0.5229 0 0.1237 364 D 0.4781 0.6035 0 0.1254 365 Y 0.4825 0.5992 0 0.1167 366 H 0.5473 0.665 0 0.1177 367 T 0.5667 0.6219 0 0.0552 368 K 0.5623 0.6174 0 0.0551 369 T 0.5126 0.5623 0 0.0497 370 S 0.4879 0.6293 0 0.1414 371 R 0.4458 0.59 0 0.1442 372 K 0.4379 0.5802 0 0.1423 373 E 0.3668 0.5126 0 0.1458 374 P 0.3225 0.4703 0 0.1478 375 S 0.3311 0.4781 0 0.147 376 K 0.3992 0.5412 0 0.142 377 Y 0.4078 0.5374 0 0.1296 378 R 0.3535 0.4825 0 0.129 379 L 0.3491 0.4781 0 0.129 380 S 0.3491 0.4781 0 0.129 381 I 0.3456 0.4825 0 0.1369 382 D 0.3762 0.5126 0 0.1364 383 I 0.3146 0.4513 0 0.1367 384 L 0.27 0.4078 0 0.1378 385 E 0.2531 0.3847 0 0.1316 386 R 0.2483 0.3885 0 0.1402 387 E 0.2531 0.3939 0 0.1408 388 I 0.3146 0.4513 0 0.1367 389 R 0.3399 0.4781 0 0.1382 390 R 0.3939 0.5253 0 0.1314 391 N 0.4037 0.5253 0 0.1216 392 P 0.4556 0.5762 0 0.1206 393 L 0.442 0.5711 0 0.1291 394 V 0.4879 0.6174 0 0.1295 395 S 0.5008 0.6255 0 0.1247 396 G 0.5296 0.6516 0 0.122 397 D 0.5331 0.6516 0 0.1185 398 T 0.5412 0.6604 0 0.1192 399 P 0.5173 0.6442 0 0.1269 400 T 0.5331 0.6557 0 0.1226 401 S 0.5008 0.6293 0 0.1285 402 S 0.4967 0.6219 0 0.1252 403 H 0.3939 0.5229 0 0.129 404 S 0.3885 0.5126 0 0.1241 405 M 0.363 0.4918 0 0.1288 406 P 0.282 0.4116 0 0.1296 407 E 0.3005 0.4245 0 0.124 408 D 0.2913 0.4116 0 0.1203 409 L 0.282 0.4078 0 0.1258 410 Q 0.1958 0.3146 0 0.1188 411 M 0.1921 0.3146 0 0.1225 412 R 0.208 0.2483 0 0.0403 413 L 0.1766 0.2167 0 0.0401 414 L 0.1958 0.2333 0 0.0375 415 Y 0.1322 0.1667 0 0.0345 416 L 0.0965 0.1266 0 0.0301 417 E 0.0441 0.0587 0 0.0146 418 K 0.0478 0.0643 0 0.0165 419 R 0.0363 0.049 0 0.0127 420 V 0.0643 0.0909 0 0.0266 421 G 0.049 0.066 0 0.017 422 L 0.0607 0.0832 0 0.0225 423 A 0.0414 0.0554 0 0.014 424 Q 0.0542 0.0744 0 0.0202 425 L 0.066 0.0909 0 0.0249 426 F 0.1178 0.1495 0 0.0317 427 F 0.124 0.1566 0 0.0326 428 P 0.0909 0.1205 0 0.0296 429 A 0.0965 0.1266 0 0.0301 430 E 0.066 0.0909 0 0.0249 431 A 0.1088 0.1416 0 0.0328 432 N 0.1117 0.1416 0 0.0299 433 V 0.1566 0.1921 0 0.0355 434 A 0.1844 0.2209 0 0.0365 435 M 0.1998 0.2292 0 0.0294 436 D 0.2041 0.3053 0 0.1012 437 V 0.2963 0.3885 0 0.0922 438 A 0.3885 0.4825 0 0.094 439 N 0.3096 0.4078 0 0.0982 440 V 0.2963 0.3939 0 0.0976 441 E 0.2748 0.3717 0 0.0969 442 G 0.3311 0.4282 0 0.0971 443 T 0.3535 0.4513 0 0.0978 444 S 0.4458 0.5374 0 0.0916 445 E 0.4825 0.5667 0 0.0842 446 S 0.5173 0.6079 0 0.0906 447 T 0.5126 0.6035 0 0.0909 448 G 0.5711 0.6604 0 0.0893 449 L 0.6035 0.687 0 0.0835 450 L 0.6174 0.6944 0 0.077 451 T 0.6715 0.754 0 0.0825 452 P 0.6124 0.6944 0 0.082 453 P 0.6124 0.6944 0 0.082 454 P 0.6079 0.6906 0 0.0827 455 S 0.5583 0.6474 0 0.0891 456 N 0.5374 0.6334 0 0.096 457 D 0.5623 0.59 0 0.0277 458 T 0.5667 0.5992 0 0.0325 459 T 0.5711 0.5992 0 0.0281 460 E 0.6219 0.6442 0 0.0223 461 N 0.687 0.7111 0 0.0241 462 L 0.6374 0.6557 0 0.0183 463 G 0.5623 0.59 0 0.0277 464 K 0.5549 0.5802 0 0.0253 465 V 0.5296 0.5549 0 0.0253 466 D 0.5229 0.5514 0 0.0285 467 L 0.5229 0.5473 0 0.0244 468 N 0.4879 0.5126 0 0.0247 469 E 0.4333 0.46 0 0.0267 470 T 0.4282 0.46 0 0.0318 471 P 0.4203 0.4458 0 0.0255 472 Y 0.3806 0.4078 0 0.0272 473 V 0.4203 0.4458 0 0.0255 474 Q 0.3939 0.4149 0 0.021 475 T 0.3359 0.363 0 0.0271 476 K 0.3456 0.3717 0 0.0261 477 R 0.3359 0.363 0 0.0271 478 M 0.3717 0.3992 0 0.0275 479 L 0.3146 0.3359 0 0.0213 480 T 0.3146 0.3359 0 0.0213 481 R 0.3096 0.3359 0 0.0263 482 M 0.282 0.3096 0 0.0276 483 K 0.3456 0.3717 0 0.0261 484 A 0.3939 0.4203 0 0.0264 485 L 0.3005 0.3263 0 0.0258 486 M 0.2167 0.2432 0 0.0265 487 K 0.2432 0.2748 0 0.0316 488 T 0.2483 0.27 0 0.0217 489 V 0.2209 0.3005 0 0.0796 490 E 0.1998 0.2786 0 0.0788 491 T 0.208 0.2913 0 0.0833 492 G 0.1635 0.2333 0 0.0698 493 R 0.1495 0.2167 0 0.0672 494 R 0.1602 0.2333 0 0.0731 495 Y 0.1766 0.2558 0 0.0792 496 F 0.1766 0.2531 0 0.0765 497 P 0.1844 0.2657 0 0.0813 498 S 0.1958 0.2748 0 0.079 499 S 0.208 0.2913 0 0.0833 500 Y 0.2041 0.2865 0 0.0824 501 E 0.1732 0.2531 0 0.0799 502 V 0.1844 0.2602 0 0.0758 503 L 0.1844 0.2602 0 0.0758 504 D 0.1844 0.2602 0 0.0758 505 K 0.138 0.2041 0 0.0661 506 Y 0.2209 0.3005 0 0.0796 507 M 0.3146 0.3939 0 0.0793 508 D 0.2558 0.3359 0 0.0801 509 Q 0.2558 0.3359 0 0.0801 510 Y 0.2531 0.27 0 0.0169 511 M 0.3491 0.3717 0 0.0226 512 D 0.3456 0.3668 0 0.0212 513 E 0.3939 0.4116 0 0.0177 514 E 0.442 0.4651 0 0.0231 515 I 0.4282 0.4513 0 0.0231 516 P 0.3939 0.4116 0 0.0177 517 D 0.4556 0.4749 0 0.0193 518 M 0.4825 0.5008 0 0.0183 519 S 0.4825 0.5008 0 0.0183 520 Y 0.4749 0.4879 0 0.013 521 P 0.5473 0.5623 0 0.015 522 E 0.5711 0.5846 0 0.0135 523 K 0.5623 0.5802 0 0.0179 524 G 0.5473 0.5623 0 0.015 525 T 0.5514 0.5667 0 0.0153 526 V 0.5514 0.5667 0 0.0153 527 K 0.5374 0.5549 0 0.0175 528 E 0.5229 0.5412 0 0.0183 529 R 0.5173 0.5374 0 0.0201 530 R 0.5173 0.5374 0 0.0201 531 Q 0.5802 0.6035 0 0.0233 532 K 0.5549 0.5762 0 0.0213 533 R 0.5173 0.5374 0 0.0201 534 M 0.5253 0.5473 0 0.022 535 R 0.5296 0.5514 0 0.0218 536 Y 0.5229 0.5412 0 0.0183 537 N 0.5126 0.5331 0 0.0205 538 E 0.5126 0.5374 0 0.0248 539 L 0.5229 0.5412 0 0.0183 540 K 0.5173 0.5374 0 0.0201 541 N 0.5173 0.5412 0 0.0239 542 D 0.4703 0.4918 0 0.0215 543 V 0.4513 0.4781 0 0.0268 544 K 0.46 0.4879 0 0.0279 545 K 0.4781 0.5043 0 0.0262 546 A 0.4282 0.5008 0 0.0726 547 Y 0.4379 0.5084 0 0.0705 548 S 0.4282 0.5008 0 0.0726 549 K 0.4379 0.5043 0 0.0664 550 D 0.4781 0.5374 0 0.0593 551 K 0.4703 0.5296 0 0.0593 552 V 0.4879 0.5412 0 0.0533 553 A 0.4651 0.5253 0 0.0602 554 R 0.5043 0.5583 0 0.054 555 S 0.4967 0.5514 0 0.0547 556 S 0.4513 0.5084 0 0.0571 557 L 0.4781 0.5374 0 0.0593 558 S 0.5296 0.5846 0 0.055 559 S 0.5084 0.5667 0 0.0583 560 S 0.46 0.5253 0 0.0653 561 S 0.4651 0.5296 0 0.0645 562 P 0.46 0.5296 0 0.0696 563 A 0.5253 0.5941 0 0.0688 564 S 0.5374 0.6079 0 0.0705 565 S 0.5711 0.6374 0 0.0663 566 L 0.6174 0.6756 0 0.0582 567 R 0.6944 0.7147 0 0.0203 568 E 0.7688 0.7912 0 0.0224 569 A 0.8118 0.8311 0 0.0193 570 L 0.8488 0.865 0 0.0162 571 E 0.8781 0.8984 0 0.0203 572 N 0.9119 0.9235 0 0.0116 573 P 0.9208 0.9316 0 0.0108 574 T 0.9534 0.9624 0 0.009 >AtNPR5 (AT2G41370) 1 M 0.7724 0.7724 0 0 2 S 0.7342 0.7342 0 0 3 N 0.6079 0.6079 0 0 4 L 0.5711 0.5711 0 0 5 E 0.4245 0.4245 0 0 6 E 0.2963 0.2963 0 0 7 S 0.2531 0.2558 0 0.0027 8 L 0.1349 0.138 0 0.0031 9 R 0.0607 0.0621 0 0.0014 10 S 0.0252 0.0268 0 0.0016 11 L 0.0179 0.0194 0 0.0015 12 S 0.0252 0.0268 0 0.0016 13 L 0.0268 0.0297 0 0.0029 14 D 0.0194 0.0226 0 0.0032 15 F 0.0173 0.02 0 0.0027 16 L 0.0144 0.0167 0 0.0023 17 N 0.0128 0.0144 0 0.0016 18 L 0.0078 0.0083 0 0.0005 19 L 0.0144 0.0173 0 0.0029 20 I 0.007 0.0082 0 0.0012 21 N 0.007 0.0081 0 0.0011 22 G 0.0075 0.0083 0 0.0008 23 Q 0.0079 0.0087 0 0.0008 24 A 0.015 0.0194 0 0.0044 25 F 0.0131 0.0173 0 0.0042 26 S 0.0137 0.0182 0 0.0045 27 D 0.0144 0.02 0 0.0056 28 V 0.0124 0.0179 0 0.0055 29 T 0.0182 0.0274 0 0.0092 30 F 0.0308 0.0455 0 0.0147 31 S 0.0567 0.0832 0 0.0265 32 V 0.0297 0.0789 0 0.0492 33 E 0.016 0.0464 0 0.0304 34 G 0.0083 0.0268 0 0.0185 35 R 0.0084 0.0274 0 0.019 36 L 0.0157 0.0464 0 0.0307 37 V 0.016 0.0478 0 0.0318 38 H 0.0157 0.0464 0 0.0307 39 A 0.0167 0.0502 0 0.0335 40 H 0.0086 0.0297 0 0.0211 41 R 0.0116 0.0376 0 0.026 42 S 0.0118 0.0395 0 0.0277 43 I 0.0245 0.0701 0 0.0456 44 L 0.0118 0.0395 0 0.0277 45 A 0.0074 0.0231 0 0.0157 46 A 0.0035 0.0252 0 0.0217 47 R 0.0082 0.049 0 0.0408 48 S 0.0144 0.0832 0 0.0688 49 L 0.0173 0.0909 0 0.0736 50 F 0.0252 0.1117 0 0.0865 51 F 0.0316 0.1349 0 0.1033 52 R 0.0363 0.1532 0 0.1169 53 K 0.0813 0.1766 0 0.0953 54 F 0.0935 0.1998 0 0.1063 55 F 0.1456 0.2786 0 0.133 56 S 0.1732 0.3146 0 0.1414 57 G 0.1532 0.282 0 0.1288 58 T 0.1635 0.2913 0 0.1278 59 D 0.1844 0.3225 0 0.1381 60 S 0.2558 0.3939 0 0.1381 61 P 0.363 0.5008 0 0.1378 62 Q 0.4458 0.5802 0 0.1344 63 P 0.4458 0.5846 0 0.1388 64 V 0.4458 0.5802 0 0.1344 65 T 0.4703 0.6035 0 0.1332 66 G 0.5711 0.6944 0 0.1233 67 I 0.6334 0.6715 0 0.0381 68 D 0.6293 0.665 0 0.0357 69 P 0.6516 0.6827 0 0.0311 70 T 0.6442 0.6756 0 0.0314 71 Q 0.6474 0.6827 0 0.0353 72 H 0.6293 0.665 0 0.0357 73 G 0.6174 0.6442 0 0.0268 74 S 0.59 0.6219 0 0.0319 75 V 0.6174 0.6412 0 0.0238 76 P 0.6412 0.665 0 0.0238 77 A 0.6079 0.6255 0 0.0176 78 S 0.665 0.6789 0 0.0139 79 P 0.5711 0.5941 0 0.023 80 T 0.4703 0.4879 0 0.0176 81 R 0.4967 0.5126 0 0.0159 82 G 0.3992 0.4116 0 0.0124 83 S 0.4078 0.4149 0 0.0071 84 T 0.4037 0.4078 0 0.0041 85 A 0.3311 0.3399 0 0.0088 86 P 0.3992 0.4078 0 0.0086 87 A 0.2963 0.3005 0 0.0042 88 G 0.3399 0.3456 0 0.0057 89 I 0.2748 0.2786 0 0.0038 90 I 0.1732 0.1766 0 0.0034 91 P 0.1266 0.1292 0 0.0026 92 V 0.0858 0.0884 0 0.0026 93 N 0.0542 0.0567 0 0.0025 94 S 0.0363 0.0387 0 0.0024 95 V 0.0376 0.0414 0 0.0038 96 G 0.0274 0.0308 0 0.0034 97 Y 0.0124 0.015 0 0.0026 98 E 0.0087 0.0109 0 0.0022 99 V 0.0087 0.0102 0 0.0015 100 F 0.016 0.0212 0 0.0052 101 L 0.0308 0.0414 0 0.0106 102 L 0.0157 0.0226 0 0.0069 103 L 0.0279 0.0376 0 0.0097 104 L 0.0144 0.0212 0 0.0068 105 Q 0.009 0.0128 0 0.0038 106 F 0.0179 0.0274 0 0.0095 107 L 0.0173 0.0279 0 0.0106 108 Y 0.0304 0.0455 0 0.0151 109 S 0.0245 0.0405 0 0.016 110 G 0.0405 0.066 0 0.0255 111 Q 0.0789 0.1292 0 0.0503 112 V 0.1117 0.1732 0 0.0615 113 S 0.1805 0.2602 0 0.0797 114 I 0.2432 0.3263 0 0.0831 115 V 0.1921 0.3939 1 0.2018 116 P 0.1844 0.3806 1 0.1962 117 Q 0.2786 0.4781 1 0.1995 118 K 0.3491 0.5473 1 0.1982 119 H 0.4333 0.6293 1 0.196 120 E 0.3053 0.6293 1 0.324 121 P 0.2255 0.5374 1 0.3119 122 R 0.2167 0.5331 1 0.3164 123 P 0.2786 0.5941 1 0.3155 124 N 0.2748 0.6035 1 0.3287 125 S 0.2333 0.6789 1 0.4456 126 G 0.3005 0.7342 1 0.4337 127 E 0.2531 0.6906 1 0.4375 128 R 0.2255 0.665 1 0.4395 129 G 0.1766 0.6174 1 0.4408 130 S 0.1958 0.6293 1 0.4335 131 W 0.1322 0.5514 1 0.4192 132 H 0.0991 0.5043 1 0.4052 133 T 0.066 0.4458 1 0.3798 134 H 0.0567 0.4245 1 0.3678 135 S 0.0567 0.4203 1 0.3636 136 S 0.0789 0.3535 1 0.2746 137 A 0.0643 0.3263 1 0.262 138 A 0.0478 0.282 1 0.2342 139 V 0.0478 0.2786 1 0.2308 140 D 0.0464 0.2748 0 0.2284 141 L 0.0587 0.1921 0 0.1334 142 A 0.0542 0.1878 0 0.1336 143 L 0.0554 0.1805 0 0.1251 144 D 0.0363 0.1292 0 0.0929 145 T 0.0405 0.1349 0 0.0944 146 L 0.0858 0.1349 0 0.0491 147 A 0.0464 0.0789 0 0.0325 148 A 0.0441 0.0701 0 0.026 149 S 0.0286 0.0464 0 0.0178 150 R 0.0231 0.0376 0 0.0145 151 Y 0.0218 0.0336 0 0.0118 152 F 0.0336 0.0502 0 0.0166 153 G 0.0387 0.0542 0 0.0155 154 V 0.0587 0.0813 0 0.0226 155 E 0.0316 0.0441 0 0.0125 156 Q 0.0259 0.0336 0 0.0077 157 L 0.0425 0.0542 0 0.0117 158 A 0.0414 0.0502 0 0.0088 159 L 0.0316 0.0387 0 0.0071 160 L 0.035 0.0414 0 0.0064 161 T 0.0363 0.0425 0 0.0062 162 Q 0.049 0.0567 0 0.0077 163 K 0.0909 0.1041 0 0.0132 164 Q 0.0526 0.0567 0 0.0041 165 L 0.0858 0.0935 0 0.0077 166 A 0.0813 0.0884 0 0.0071 167 S 0.0514 0.0554 0 0.004 168 M 0.0789 0.0858 0 0.0069 169 V 0.1018 0.106 0 0.0042 170 E 0.115 0.124 0 0.009 171 K 0.1266 0.1322 0 0.0056 172 A 0.0813 0.0858 0 0.0045 173 S 0.0677 0.0744 0 0.0067 174 I 0.0744 0.0789 0 0.0045 175 E 0.0744 0.0813 0 0.0069 176 D 0.1266 0.1349 0 0.0083 177 V 0.1532 0.1667 0 0.0135 178 M 0.1532 0.1667 0 0.0135 179 K 0.1602 0.1732 0 0.013 180 V 0.2209 0.2483 0 0.0274 181 L 0.2167 0.2432 0 0.0265 182 I 0.1532 0.1732 0 0.02 183 A 0.1178 0.1322 0 0.0144 184 S 0.1117 0.1292 0 0.0175 185 R 0.1766 0.1958 0 0.0192 186 K 0.1266 0.1958 0 0.0692 187 Q 0.1266 0.1921 0 0.0655 188 D 0.1844 0.27 0 0.0856 189 M 0.138 0.2167 0 0.0787 190 H 0.0991 0.1635 0 0.0644 191 Q 0.124 0.1958 0 0.0718 192 L 0.1844 0.27 0 0.0856 193 W 0.2602 0.3535 0 0.0933 194 T 0.2963 0.3847 0 0.0884 195 T 0.2041 0.2963 0 0.0922 196 S 0.2333 0.3263 0 0.093 197 S 0.2657 0.3578 0 0.0921 198 H 0.27 0.3578 0 0.0878 199 L 0.1958 0.282 0 0.0862 200 V 0.1635 0.2432 0 0.0797 201 A 0.138 0.2122 0 0.0742 202 K 0.138 0.208 0 0.07 203 S 0.1958 0.282 0 0.0862 204 G 0.1998 0.2913 0 0.0915 205 L 0.2255 0.3184 0 0.0929 206 P 0.1566 0.2385 0 0.0819 207 P 0.2041 0.2333 0 0.0292 208 E 0.1532 0.1805 0 0.0273 209 I 0.115 0.1322 0 0.0172 210 L 0.1732 0.1998 0 0.0266 211 A 0.2432 0.27 0 0.0268 212 K 0.1921 0.2122 0 0.0201 213 H 0.1921 0.2167 0 0.0246 214 L 0.1921 0.2167 0 0.0246 215 P 0.1292 0.1456 0 0.0164 216 I 0.1998 0.2209 0 0.0211 217 D 0.1178 0.1292 0 0.0114 218 V 0.1018 0.1117 0 0.0099 219 V 0.1041 0.115 0 0.0109 220 T 0.1602 0.1766 0 0.0164 221 K 0.1566 0.1698 0 0.0132 222 I 0.1635 0.1732 0 0.0097 223 E 0.1566 0.1667 0 0.0101 224 E 0.1602 0.1667 0 0.0065 225 L 0.2432 0.2483 0 0.0051 226 R 0.1566 0.1602 0 0.0036 227 L 0.2122 0.2209 0 0.0087 228 K 0.2531 0.2558 0 0.0027 229 S 0.3184 0.3225 0 0.0041 230 S 0.3806 0.3806 0 0 231 I 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 232 A 0.3806 0.3806 0 0 233 R 0.4781 0.4781 0 0 234 R 0.4749 0.4749 0 0 235 S 0.3992 0.3992 0 0 236 L 0.4825 0.4825 0 0 237 M 0.4282 0.4282 0 0 238 P 0.4879 0.4879 0 0 239 H 0.5008 0.5008 0 0 240 N 0.4879 0.4879 0 0 241 H 0.4037 0.4037 0 0 242 H 0.4781 0.4781 0 0 243 H 0.4967 0.4967 0 0 244 D 0.5173 0.5173 0 0 245 L 0.5253 0.5253 0 0 246 S 0.442 0.442 0 0 247 V 0.5084 0.5084 0 0 248 A 0.5229 0.5229 0 0 249 Q 0.46 0.46 0 0 250 D 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 251 L 0.4333 0.4333 0 0 252 E 0.4037 0.4037 0 0 253 D 0.3225 0.3225 0 0 254 Q 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 255 K 0.3184 0.3184 0 0 256 I 0.3992 0.3992 0 0 257 R 0.3939 0.3939 0 0 258 R 0.3806 0.3806 0 0 259 M 0.4116 0.4116 0 0 260 R 0.3146 0.3146 0 0 261 R 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 262 A 0.3311 0.3359 0 0.0048 263 L 0.2558 0.2602 0 0.0044 264 D 0.2385 0.2432 0 0.0047 265 S 0.1667 0.1732 0 0.0065 266 S 0.1416 0.1495 0 0.0079 267 D 0.208 0.2167 0 0.0087 268 V 0.2122 0.2255 0 0.0133 269 E 0.2167 0.2292 0 0.0125 270 L 0.1635 0.1732 0 0.0097 271 V 0.1698 0.1844 0 0.0146 272 K 0.1117 0.124 0 0.0123 273 L 0.1292 0.1456 0 0.0164 274 M 0.1998 0.2209 0 0.0211 275 V 0.1998 0.2209 0 0.0211 276 M 0.124 0.138 0 0.014 277 G 0.0965 0.1088 0 0.0123 278 E 0.0514 0.0621 0 0.0107 279 G 0.0771 0.0965 0 0.0194 280 L 0.0425 0.0526 0 0.0101 281 N 0.0554 0.0701 0 0.0147 282 L 0.0526 0.066 0 0.0134 283 D 0.0607 0.0771 0 0.0164 284 E 0.1018 0.1205 0 0.0187 285 S 0.0723 0.1349 0 0.0626 286 L 0.106 0.1805 0 0.0745 287 A 0.1205 0.2041 0 0.0836 288 L 0.1349 0.2209 0 0.086 289 H 0.0935 0.1667 0 0.0732 290 Y 0.0621 0.1178 0 0.0557 291 A 0.106 0.1766 0 0.0706 292 V 0.0832 0.1495 0 0.0663 293 E 0.0935 0.1635 0 0.07 294 S 0.0542 0.1041 0 0.0499 295 S 0.0567 0.1088 0 0.0521 296 S 0.0336 0.066 0 0.0324 297 R 0.0587 0.115 0 0.0563 298 E 0.0607 0.1178 0 0.0571 299 V 0.0858 0.1566 0 0.0708 300 V 0.0991 0.1667 0 0.0676 301 K 0.1041 0.1766 0 0.0725 302 A 0.1292 0.2122 0 0.083 303 L 0.115 0.1921 0 0.0771 304 L 0.1178 0.1921 0 0.0743 305 E 0.0909 0.1602 0 0.0693 306 L 0.1349 0.1602 0 0.0253 307 G 0.1495 0.1732 0 0.0237 308 A 0.1266 0.1495 0 0.0229 309 A 0.1088 0.1322 0 0.0234 310 D 0.1532 0.1766 0 0.0234 311 V 0.2041 0.2333 0 0.0292 312 N 0.2292 0.2657 0 0.0365 313 Y 0.1878 0.2167 0 0.0289 314 P 0.27 0.2963 0 0.0263 315 A 0.2558 0.282 0 0.0262 316 G 0.2122 0.2385 0 0.0263 317 P 0.2602 0.282 0 0.0218 318 A 0.282 0.3053 0 0.0233 319 G 0.2748 0.2963 0 0.0215 320 K 0.2558 0.2748 0 0.019 321 T 0.2432 0.2602 0 0.017 322 P 0.3359 0.3491 0 0.0132 323 L 0.3491 0.363 0 0.0139 324 H 0.3992 0.4116 0 0.0124 325 I 0.3184 0.3311 0 0.0127 326 A 0.3311 0.3399 0 0.0088 327 A 0.2786 0.2865 0 0.0079 328 E 0.1921 0.1998 0 0.0077 329 M 0.1667 0.1667 0 0 330 V 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 331 S 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 332 P 0.1732 0.1732 0 0 333 D 0.1292 0.1292 0 0 334 M 0.1921 0.1921 0 0 335 V 0.2122 0.2122 0 0 336 A 0.2963 0.2963 0 0 337 V 0.2531 0.2531 0 0 338 L 0.282 0.282 0 0 339 L 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 340 D 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 341 H 0.282 0.282 0 0 342 H 0.282 0.282 0 0 343 A 0.1766 0.1766 0 0 344 D 0.1635 0.1635 0 0 345 P 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 346 N 0.1998 0.1998 0 0 347 V 0.2292 0.2292 0 0 348 R 0.2041 0.2041 0 0 349 T 0.1878 0.1878 0 0 350 V 0.2531 0.2531 0 0 351 G 0.2385 0.2432 0 0.0047 352 G 0.1566 0.1602 0 0.0036 353 I 0.1566 0.1602 0 0.0036 354 T 0.1878 0.1921 0 0.0043 355 P 0.1878 0.1921 0 0.0043 356 L 0.0991 0.1041 0 0.005 357 D 0.0607 0.0643 0 0.0036 358 I 0.0542 0.0587 0 0.0045 359 L 0.0542 0.0567 0 0.0025 360 R 0.0554 0.0607 0 0.0053 361 T 0.0701 0.0789 0 0.0088 362 L 0.0414 0.0464 0 0.005 363 T 0.0502 0.0554 0 0.0052 364 S 0.0884 0.1018 0 0.0134 365 D 0.049 0.0554 0 0.0064 366 F 0.0414 0.0478 0 0.0064 367 L 0.066 0.0813 0 0.0153 368 F 0.035 0.0425 0 0.0075 369 K 0.0643 0.0789 0 0.0146 370 G 0.1292 0.1532 0 0.024 371 A 0.1292 0.1532 0 0.024 372 V 0.1292 0.1532 0 0.024 373 P 0.1349 0.1635 0 0.0286 374 G 0.138 0.1635 0 0.0255 375 L 0.0909 0.1088 0 0.0179 376 T 0.0587 0.1088 0 0.0501 377 H 0.0677 0.124 0 0.0563 378 I 0.115 0.1878 0 0.0728 379 E 0.1349 0.2167 0 0.0818 380 P 0.1041 0.1732 0 0.0691 381 N 0.1088 0.1844 0 0.0756 382 K 0.1349 0.2167 0 0.0818 383 L 0.1805 0.2748 0 0.0943 384 R 0.1349 0.2167 0 0.0818 385 L 0.1205 0.1958 0 0.0753 386 S 0.1602 0.2432 0 0.083 387 L 0.1088 0.1805 0 0.0717 388 E 0.1178 0.1844 0 0.0666 389 L 0.1921 0.2786 0 0.0865 390 V 0.1921 0.2786 0 0.0865 391 Q 0.1732 0.2558 0 0.0826 392 S 0.1732 0.2558 0 0.0826 393 A 0.1766 0.2602 0 0.0836 394 A 0.2558 0.3456 0 0.0898 395 M 0.2602 0.3491 0 0.0889 396 V 0.3311 0.4245 0 0.0934 397 I 0.4037 0.4245 0 0.0208 398 S 0.4879 0.5126 0 0.0247 399 R 0.4781 0.5084 0 0.0303 400 E 0.5412 0.5667 0 0.0255 401 E 0.6035 0.6334 0 0.0299 402 G 0.5941 0.6219 0 0.0278 403 N 0.5941 0.6219 0 0.0278 404 N 0.6255 0.6442 0 0.0187 405 S 0.6442 0.665 0 0.0208 406 N 0.6219 0.6412 0 0.0193 407 N 0.6174 0.6374 0 0.02 408 Q 0.6984 0.7192 0 0.0208 409 N 0.6984 0.7192 0 0.0208 410 N 0.6827 0.6984 0 0.0157 411 D 0.6756 0.6906 0 0.015 412 N 0.6789 0.6944 0 0.0155 413 N 0.687 0.7034 0 0.0164 414 T 0.6906 0.7079 0 0.0173 415 G 0.6906 0.7034 0 0.0128 416 I 0.6906 0.7034 0 0.0128 417 Y 0.6827 0.6944 0 0.0117 418 P 0.687 0.6944 0 0.0074 419 H 0.6789 0.6827 0 0.0038 420 M 0.6756 0.6756 0 0 421 N 0.6681 0.6715 0 0.0034 422 E 0.6604 0.6604 0 0 423 E 0.6604 0.6604 0 0 424 H 0.6604 0.6604 0 0 425 N 0.6604 0.6604 0 0 426 S 0.6293 0.6293 0 0 427 G 0.6789 0.6789 0 0 428 S 0.7275 0.7275 0 0 429 S 0.7111 0.7111 0 0 430 G 0.6715 0.6715 0 0 431 G 0.6681 0.6681 0 0 432 S 0.6219 0.6219 0 0 433 N 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 434 N 0.5762 0.5762 0 0 435 N 0.5374 0.5374 0 0 436 L 0.5412 0.5412 0 0 437 D 0.5253 0.5253 0 0 438 S 0.5331 0.5331 0 0 439 R 0.5296 0.5296 0 0 440 L 0.5253 0.5253 0 0 441 V 0.5623 0.5623 0 0 442 Y 0.5514 0.5514 0 0 443 L 0.5514 0.5514 0 0 444 N 0.5802 0.5802 0 0 445 L 0.5802 0.5802 0 0 446 G 0.59 0.59 0 0 447 A 0.6334 0.6334 0 0 448 G 0.6474 0.6474 0 0 449 T 0.6474 0.6474 0 0 450 G 0.6412 0.6412 0 0 451 Q 0.6756 0.6756 0 0 452 M 0.7079 0.7079 0 0 453 G 0.7573 0.7573 0 0 454 P 0.7951 0.7951 0 0 455 G 0.8242 0.8242 0 0 456 R 0.8626 0.8626 0 0 457 D 0.8713 0.8713 0 0 458 Q 0.8857 0.8857 0 0 459 G 0.8677 0.8677 0 0 460 D 0.8746 0.8746 0 0 461 D 0.8886 0.8886 0 0 462 H 0.8746 0.8746 0 0 463 N 0.8945 0.8945 0 0 464 S 0.904 0.904 0 0 465 Q 0.8886 0.8886 0 0 466 R 0.8945 0.8945 0 0 467 E 0.9141 0.9141 0 0 468 G 0.9103 0.9103 0 0 469 M 0.9103 0.9103 0 0 470 S 0.9162 0.9162 0 0 471 R 0.9141 0.9141 0 0 472 H 0.904 0.904 0 0 473 H 0.8595 0.8595 0 0 474 H 0.865 0.865 0 0 475 H 0.865 0.865 0 0 476 H 0.8521 0.8521 0 0 477 Q 0.8556 0.8556 0 0 478 D 0.8713 0.8713 0 0 479 P 0.8781 0.8781 0 0 480 S 0.9103 0.9103 0 0 481 T 0.8457 0.8457 0 0 482 M 0.865 0.865 0 0 483 Y 0.8857 0.8857 0 0 484 H 0.904 0.904 0 0 485 H 0.918 0.918 0 0 486 H 0.9316 0.9316 0 0 487 H 0.9466 0.9466 0 0 488 Q 0.9466 0.9466 0 0 489 H 0.9653 0.9653 0 0 490 H 0.9684 0.9684 0 0 491 F 0.976 0.976 0 0 >AtNPR6 (AT3G57130) 1 M 0.8521 0.8521 0 0 2 S 0.7817 0.7817 0 0 3 N 0.7388 0.7388 0 0 4 T 0.6255 0.6255 0 0 5 F 0.59 0.59 0 0 6 E 0.4651 0.4651 0 0 7 E 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 8 S 0.3005 0.3053 0 0.0048 9 L 0.1805 0.1844 0 0.0039 10 K 0.0935 0.0965 0 0.003 11 S 0.0405 0.0425 0 0.002 12 M 0.0526 0.0554 0 0.0028 13 S 0.0542 0.0587 0 0.0045 14 L 0.0567 0.0621 0 0.0054 15 D 0.0464 0.0514 0 0.005 16 Y 0.0441 0.0502 0 0.0061 17 L 0.0387 0.0425 0 0.0038 18 N 0.0336 0.0387 0 0.0051 19 L 0.02 0.0231 0 0.0031 20 L 0.0363 0.0414 0 0.0051 21 I 0.0167 0.02 0 0.0033 22 N 0.0167 0.02 0 0.0033 23 G 0.0118 0.0141 0 0.0023 24 Q 0.0128 0.0157 0 0.0029 25 A 0.0252 0.0304 0 0.0052 26 F 0.0226 0.0279 0 0.0053 27 S 0.02 0.0268 0 0.0068 28 D 0.02 0.0274 0 0.0074 29 V 0.0173 0.0252 0 0.0079 30 T 0.0252 0.0336 0 0.0084 31 F 0.0387 0.0526 0 0.0139 32 S 0.0621 0.0909 0 0.0288 33 V 0.0327 0.0858 0 0.0531 34 E 0.02 0.0526 0 0.0326 35 G 0.0099 0.0308 0 0.0209 36 R 0.0109 0.0327 0 0.0218 37 L 0.0212 0.0554 0 0.0342 38 V 0.0212 0.0567 0 0.0355 39 H 0.02 0.0554 0 0.0354 40 A 0.0226 0.0621 0 0.0395 41 H 0.0124 0.0395 0 0.0271 42 R 0.0173 0.0514 0 0.0341 43 S 0.0173 0.0526 0 0.0353 44 I 0.0327 0.0935 0 0.0608 45 L 0.0173 0.0542 0 0.0369 46 A 0.0097 0.0327 0 0.023 47 A 0.0055 0.0336 0 0.0281 48 R 0.0116 0.066 0 0.0544 49 S 0.0212 0.106 0 0.0848 50 L 0.0259 0.1178 0 0.0919 51 F 0.0395 0.1667 0 0.1272 52 F 0.0441 0.1667 0 0.1226 53 R 0.049 0.1878 0 0.1388 54 K 0.106 0.2167 0 0.1107 55 F 0.1566 0.2913 0 0.1347 56 F 0.1921 0.3359 0 0.1438 57 S 0.2292 0.3717 0 0.1425 58 E 0.282 0.4245 0 0.1425 59 S 0.2531 0.3939 0 0.1408 60 D 0.2531 0.3992 0 0.1461 61 P 0.3359 0.4781 0 0.1422 62 S 0.4116 0.5514 0 0.1398 63 Q 0.4918 0.6255 0 0.1337 64 P 0.4879 0.6219 0 0.134 65 G 0.4879 0.6219 0 0.134 66 A 0.5253 0.6557 0 0.1304 67 E 0.5992 0.7232 0 0.124 68 P 0.6557 0.6906 0 0.0349 69 A 0.6079 0.6474 0 0.0395 70 N 0.5711 0.6174 0 0.0463 71 Q 0.5008 0.5374 0 0.0366 72 T 0.4703 0.5126 0 0.0423 73 G 0.4749 0.5173 0 0.0424 74 S 0.3939 0.4333 0 0.0394 75 G 0.2786 0.3184 0 0.0398 76 A 0.3096 0.3399 0 0.0303 77 R 0.27 0.2963 0 0.0263 78 A 0.2602 0.2865 0 0.0263 79 A 0.2333 0.2602 0 0.0269 80 A 0.1998 0.2255 0 0.0257 81 V 0.2041 0.2209 0 0.0168 82 G 0.1266 0.138 0 0.0114 83 G 0.1349 0.1495 0 0.0146 84 V 0.0935 0.1018 0 0.0083 85 I 0.0542 0.0607 0 0.0065 86 P 0.0336 0.0387 0 0.0051 87 V 0.0279 0.0304 0 0.0025 88 N 0.016 0.0179 0 0.0019 89 S 0.0121 0.0137 0 0.0016 90 V 0.0167 0.02 0 0.0033 91 G 0.0102 0.0124 0 0.0022 92 Y 0.0094 0.0118 0 0.0024 93 E 0.0059 0.0069 0 0.001 94 V 0.0059 0.0069 0 0.001 95 F 0.0083 0.0099 0 0.0016 96 L 0.016 0.0231 0 0.0071 97 L 0.0084 0.0118 0 0.0034 98 L 0.0144 0.0212 0 0.0068 99 L 0.0081 0.0102 0 0.0021 100 Q 0.0055 0.0075 0 0.002 101 F 0.0097 0.0144 0 0.0047 102 L 0.0086 0.0141 0 0.0055 103 Y 0.015 0.0259 0 0.0109 104 S 0.0118 0.0226 0 0.0108 105 G 0.0212 0.0387 0 0.0175 106 Q 0.0464 0.0813 0 0.0349 107 V 0.0701 0.1205 0 0.0504 108 S 0.1088 0.1732 0 0.0644 109 I 0.1635 0.2432 0 0.0797 110 V 0.1292 0.3184 1 0.1892 111 P 0.1205 0.3053 1 0.1848 112 H 0.2041 0.4078 1 0.2037 113 K 0.282 0.4879 1 0.2059 114 H 0.3668 0.5667 1 0.1999 115 E 0.2385 0.5667 1 0.3282 116 P 0.1667 0.4749 1 0.3082 117 R 0.1566 0.4703 1 0.3137 118 S 0.2041 0.5253 1 0.3212 119 N 0.1958 0.5331 1 0.3373 120 S 0.1635 0.6124 1 0.4489 121 G 0.2122 0.665 1 0.4528 122 D 0.1667 0.6174 1 0.4507 123 R 0.1602 0.5992 1 0.439 124 G 0.1205 0.5473 1 0.4268 125 S 0.1349 0.5514 1 0.4165 126 W 0.0789 0.4703 1 0.3914 127 H 0.066 0.4379 1 0.3719 128 T 0.0441 0.3717 1 0.3276 129 H 0.0441 0.3762 1 0.3321 130 S 0.0274 0.3005 1 0.2731 131 T 0.0376 0.2333 1 0.1957 132 A 0.0308 0.2041 0 0.1733 133 A 0.0245 0.1732 0 0.1487 134 V 0.0179 0.1495 0 0.1316 135 D 0.0179 0.1456 0 0.1277 136 L 0.0245 0.0909 0 0.0664 137 S 0.0218 0.0909 0 0.0691 138 L 0.0231 0.0858 0 0.0627 139 D 0.0137 0.0554 0 0.0417 140 I 0.0157 0.0587 0 0.043 141 L 0.0376 0.0607 0 0.0231 142 A 0.0194 0.0327 0 0.0133 143 A 0.0179 0.0304 0 0.0125 144 A 0.0109 0.0179 0 0.007 145 R 0.0084 0.0137 0 0.0053 146 Y 0.0083 0.0131 0 0.0048 147 F 0.0141 0.0231 0 0.009 148 G 0.0131 0.0218 0 0.0087 149 V 0.0259 0.0376 0 0.0117 150 E 0.0124 0.0182 0 0.0058 151 Q 0.0212 0.0304 0 0.0092 152 L 0.0363 0.049 0 0.0127 153 A 0.0336 0.0455 0 0.0119 154 L 0.0268 0.0327 0 0.0059 155 L 0.0363 0.0441 0 0.0078 156 T 0.0387 0.0455 0 0.0068 157 Q 0.0514 0.0607 0 0.0093 158 K 0.1018 0.1117 0 0.0099 159 H 0.0554 0.0621 0 0.0067 160 L 0.0935 0.1018 0 0.0083 161 T 0.0858 0.0935 0 0.0077 162 S 0.0542 0.0567 0 0.0025 163 M 0.0832 0.0909 0 0.0077 164 V 0.106 0.1117 0 0.0057 165 E 0.124 0.1292 0 0.0052 166 K 0.1349 0.1416 0 0.0067 167 A 0.0858 0.0909 0 0.0051 168 S 0.0701 0.0771 0 0.007 169 I 0.0771 0.0813 0 0.0042 170 E 0.0744 0.0789 0 0.0045 171 D 0.1266 0.1349 0 0.0083 172 V 0.1292 0.1416 0 0.0124 173 M 0.1266 0.138 0 0.0114 174 K 0.1322 0.1456 0 0.0134 175 V 0.1921 0.2122 0 0.0201 176 L 0.1805 0.2041 0 0.0236 177 I 0.1205 0.138 0 0.0175 178 A 0.0858 0.1018 0 0.016 179 S 0.0832 0.0991 0 0.0159 180 R 0.1416 0.1602 0 0.0186 181 K 0.0991 0.1602 0 0.0611 182 Q 0.0991 0.1566 0 0.0575 183 D 0.0909 0.1456 0 0.0547 184 M 0.0621 0.106 0 0.0439 185 H 0.0376 0.0621 0 0.0245 186 Q 0.0455 0.0789 0 0.0334 187 L 0.0744 0.124 0 0.0496 188 W 0.1266 0.1921 0 0.0655 189 T 0.1495 0.2209 0 0.0714 190 T 0.0858 0.1416 0 0.0558 191 S 0.1041 0.1635 0 0.0594 192 S 0.106 0.1698 0 0.0638 193 Y 0.1117 0.1732 0 0.0615 194 L 0.066 0.115 0 0.049 195 I 0.0502 0.0884 0 0.0382 196 A 0.0414 0.0701 0 0.0287 197 K 0.0414 0.0701 0 0.0287 198 S 0.066 0.1117 0 0.0457 199 G 0.066 0.115 0 0.049 200 L 0.0813 0.1349 0 0.0536 201 P 0.0464 0.0813 0 0.0349 202 Q 0.0701 0.0832 0 0.0131 203 E 0.0395 0.0478 0 0.0083 204 I 0.0478 0.0554 0 0.0076 205 L 0.0677 0.0813 0 0.0136 206 A 0.1205 0.1416 0 0.0211 207 K 0.0832 0.1018 0 0.0186 208 H 0.0884 0.106 0 0.0176 209 L 0.0935 0.1088 0 0.0153 210 P 0.0526 0.0621 0 0.0095 211 I 0.0991 0.1117 0 0.0126 212 E 0.049 0.0567 0 0.0077 213 L 0.049 0.0554 0 0.0064 214 V 0.0502 0.0554 0 0.0052 215 A 0.0884 0.1018 0 0.0134 216 K 0.124 0.1349 0 0.0109 217 I 0.1732 0.1844 0 0.0112 218 E 0.1117 0.1205 0 0.0088 219 E 0.115 0.1205 0 0.0055 220 L 0.1921 0.1958 0 0.0037 221 R 0.1117 0.1178 0 0.0061 222 L 0.1667 0.1732 0 0.0065 223 K 0.1878 0.1958 0 0.008 224 S 0.2748 0.2786 0 0.0038 225 S 0.3399 0.3399 0 0 226 M 0.3717 0.3717 0 0 227 P 0.3668 0.3668 0 0 228 L 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 229 R 0.3762 0.3762 0 0 230 S 0.3762 0.3762 0 0 231 L 0.46 0.46 0 0 232 M 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 233 P 0.4651 0.4651 0 0 234 H 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 235 H 0.3762 0.3762 0 0 236 H 0.3668 0.3668 0 0 237 D 0.4037 0.4037 0 0 238 L 0.3762 0.3762 0 0 239 T 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 240 S 0.3806 0.3806 0 0 241 T 0.3717 0.3717 0 0 242 L 0.4245 0.4245 0 0 243 D 0.4333 0.4333 0 0 244 L 0.3885 0.3885 0 0 245 E 0.3668 0.3668 0 0 246 D 0.2865 0.2865 0 0 247 Q 0.2865 0.2865 0 0 248 K 0.2913 0.2913 0 0 249 I 0.3762 0.3762 0 0 250 R 0.3717 0.3717 0 0 251 R 0.3005 0.3005 0 0 252 M 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 253 R 0.3005 0.3005 0 0 254 R 0.2385 0.2432 0 0.0047 255 A 0.3096 0.3146 0 0.005 256 L 0.2255 0.2292 0 0.0037 257 D 0.2041 0.2122 0 0.0081 258 S 0.138 0.1456 0 0.0076 259 S 0.1178 0.124 0 0.0062 260 D 0.1732 0.1805 0 0.0073 261 V 0.1766 0.1844 0 0.0078 262 E 0.1766 0.1921 0 0.0155 263 L 0.1266 0.138 0 0.0114 264 V 0.1322 0.1456 0 0.0134 265 K 0.0813 0.0935 0 0.0122 266 L 0.0991 0.1117 0 0.0126 267 M 0.1635 0.1805 0 0.017 268 V 0.1635 0.1766 0 0.0131 269 M 0.0935 0.106 0 0.0125 270 G 0.0677 0.0813 0 0.0136 271 E 0.0395 0.0464 0 0.0069 272 G 0.0327 0.0395 0 0.0068 273 L 0.0167 0.0212 0 0.0045 274 N 0.0245 0.0297 0 0.0052 275 L 0.0226 0.0274 0 0.0048 276 D 0.0268 0.0316 0 0.0048 277 E 0.0455 0.0526 0 0.0071 278 S 0.035 0.0621 0 0.0271 279 L 0.0514 0.0935 0 0.0421 280 A 0.0607 0.1088 0 0.0481 281 L 0.0701 0.1205 0 0.0504 282 I 0.0464 0.0813 0 0.0349 283 Y 0.0304 0.0526 0 0.0222 284 A 0.0514 0.0909 0 0.0395 285 V 0.0405 0.0701 0 0.0296 286 E 0.0441 0.0771 0 0.033 287 N 0.0252 0.0455 0 0.0203 288 S 0.0259 0.0464 0 0.0205 289 S 0.0131 0.0274 0 0.0143 290 R 0.0268 0.0478 0 0.021 291 E 0.0274 0.049 0 0.0216 292 V 0.0387 0.0677 0 0.029 293 V 0.0744 0.1292 0 0.0548 294 K 0.0789 0.1349 0 0.056 295 A 0.0991 0.1667 0 0.0676 296 L 0.0884 0.1495 0 0.0611 297 L 0.0909 0.1532 0 0.0623 298 E 0.0677 0.124 0 0.0563 299 L 0.1018 0.1205 0 0.0187 300 G 0.115 0.1349 0 0.0199 301 A 0.115 0.1349 0 0.0199 302 A 0.0991 0.1205 0 0.0214 303 D 0.138 0.1667 0 0.0287 304 V 0.1921 0.2255 0 0.0334 305 N 0.1732 0.1998 0 0.0266 306 Y 0.1456 0.1667 0 0.0211 307 P 0.2167 0.2483 0 0.0316 308 A 0.2122 0.2385 0 0.0263 309 G 0.1732 0.1921 0 0.0189 310 P 0.2209 0.2432 0 0.0223 311 T 0.2483 0.27 0 0.0217 312 G 0.2432 0.2602 0 0.017 313 K 0.2292 0.2432 0 0.014 314 T 0.2167 0.2333 0 0.0166 315 A 0.3184 0.3311 0 0.0127 316 L 0.3311 0.3456 0 0.0145 317 H 0.3847 0.3939 0 0.0092 318 I 0.3053 0.3146 0 0.0093 319 A 0.3184 0.3263 0 0.0079 320 A 0.2657 0.27 0 0.0043 321 E 0.1805 0.1844 0 0.0039 322 M 0.1266 0.1292 0 0.0026 323 V 0.138 0.138 0 0 324 S 0.138 0.138 0 0 325 P 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 326 D 0.1349 0.1349 0 0 327 M 0.1998 0.1998 0 0 328 V 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 329 A 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 330 V 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 331 L 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 332 L 0.282 0.282 0 0 333 D 0.2483 0.2483 0 0 334 H 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 335 H 0.3096 0.3096 0 0 336 A 0.1958 0.1958 0 0 337 D 0.1805 0.1805 0 0 338 P 0.2483 0.2483 0 0 339 N 0.2209 0.2209 0 0 340 V 0.2558 0.2558 0 0 341 Q 0.2255 0.2255 0 0 342 T 0.208 0.208 0 0 343 V 0.2748 0.2748 0 0 344 D 0.2602 0.2602 0 0 345 G 0.1698 0.1732 0 0.0034 346 I 0.1698 0.1732 0 0.0034 347 T 0.2041 0.208 0 0.0039 348 P 0.2041 0.208 0 0.0039 349 L 0.1117 0.115 0 0.0033 350 D 0.0677 0.0723 0 0.0046 351 I 0.0621 0.066 0 0.0039 352 L 0.0542 0.0567 0 0.0025 353 R 0.0554 0.0607 0 0.0053 354 T 0.0723 0.0813 0 0.009 355 L 0.035 0.0387 0 0.0037 356 T 0.0425 0.0478 0 0.0053 357 S 0.0771 0.0858 0 0.0087 358 D 0.0414 0.0478 0 0.0064 359 F 0.0327 0.0395 0 0.0068 360 L 0.0542 0.0643 0 0.0101 361 F 0.0279 0.0327 0 0.0048 362 K 0.0514 0.0621 0 0.0107 363 G 0.1088 0.1292 0 0.0204 364 A 0.1088 0.1292 0 0.0204 365 I 0.1088 0.1292 0 0.0204 366 P 0.115 0.1349 0 0.0199 367 G 0.115 0.1349 0 0.0199 368 L 0.0701 0.0858 0 0.0157 369 T 0.0455 0.0832 0 0.0377 370 H 0.049 0.0909 0 0.0419 371 I 0.0884 0.1495 0 0.0611 372 E 0.0935 0.1566 0 0.0631 373 P 0.0643 0.115 0 0.0507 374 N 0.0677 0.124 0 0.0563 375 K 0.0909 0.1495 0 0.0586 376 L 0.138 0.2167 0 0.0787 377 R 0.0991 0.1667 0 0.0676 378 L 0.066 0.1178 0 0.0518 379 S 0.0935 0.1602 0 0.0667 380 L 0.0587 0.106 0 0.0473 381 E 0.0643 0.1117 0 0.0474 382 L 0.1205 0.1878 0 0.0673 383 V 0.1178 0.1844 0 0.0666 384 Q 0.1018 0.1635 0 0.0617 385 S 0.1041 0.1667 0 0.0626 386 A 0.106 0.1698 0 0.0638 387 A 0.1698 0.2531 0 0.0833 388 L 0.1732 0.2602 0 0.087 389 V 0.2483 0.3359 0 0.0876 390 I 0.3146 0.3399 0 0.0253 391 S 0.3992 0.4245 0 0.0253 392 R 0.3885 0.4149 0 0.0264 393 E 0.4703 0.4967 0 0.0264 394 E 0.5296 0.5549 0 0.0253 395 G 0.4918 0.5173 0 0.0255 396 N 0.4149 0.442 0 0.0271 397 N 0.3806 0.4078 0 0.0272 398 N 0.4333 0.4556 0 0.0223 399 S 0.5008 0.5173 0 0.0165 400 N 0.5229 0.5374 0 0.0145 401 D 0.59 0.6079 0 0.0179 402 N 0.59 0.6079 0 0.0179 403 N 0.5941 0.6174 0 0.0233 404 T 0.5846 0.6035 0 0.0189 405 M 0.5762 0.5941 0 0.0179 406 I 0.5802 0.5941 0 0.0139 407 Y 0.5802 0.59 0 0.0098 408 P 0.5802 0.5941 0 0.0139 409 R 0.5846 0.5941 0 0.0095 410 M 0.5374 0.5473 0 0.0099 411 K 0.5374 0.5473 0 0.0099 412 D 0.5374 0.5412 0 0.0038 413 E 0.5374 0.5412 0 0.0038 414 H 0.4918 0.4918 0 0 415 T 0.46 0.46 0 0 416 S 0.4333 0.4333 0 0 417 G 0.4513 0.4513 0 0 418 S 0.5229 0.5229 0 0 419 S 0.4379 0.4379 0 0 420 L 0.4379 0.4379 0 0 421 D 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 422 S 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 423 R 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 424 L 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 425 V 0.4458 0.4458 0 0 426 Y 0.3939 0.3939 0 0 427 L 0.3939 0.3939 0 0 428 N 0.3939 0.3939 0 0 429 L 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 430 G 0.3847 0.3847 0 0 431 A 0.4333 0.4333 0 0 432 T 0.4379 0.4379 0 0 433 N 0.4703 0.4703 0 0 434 R 0.4749 0.4749 0 0 435 D 0.5331 0.5331 0 0 436 I 0.5623 0.5623 0 0 437 G 0.5846 0.5846 0 0 438 D 0.6412 0.6412 0 0 439 D 0.5762 0.5762 0 0 440 N 0.6374 0.6374 0 0 441 S 0.6334 0.6334 0 0 442 N 0.6474 0.6474 0 0 443 Q 0.6516 0.6516 0 0 444 R 0.6557 0.6557 0 0 445 E 0.6412 0.6412 0 0 446 G 0.665 0.665 0 0 447 M 0.7232 0.7232 0 0 448 N 0.7192 0.7192 0 0 449 L 0.7034 0.7034 0 0 450 H 0.6557 0.6557 0 0 451 H 0.6604 0.6604 0 0 452 H 0.6557 0.6557 0 0 453 H 0.6557 0.6557 0 0 454 H 0.6334 0.6334 0 0 455 D 0.6334 0.6334 0 0 456 P 0.6374 0.6374 0 0 457 S 0.5514 0.5514 0 0 458 T 0.6255 0.6255 0 0 459 M 0.6557 0.6557 0 0 460 Y 0.7458 0.7458 0 0 461 H 0.7772 0.7772 0 0 462 H 0.82 0.82 0 0 463 H 0.8488 0.8488 0 0 464 H 0.8746 0.8746 0 0 465 H 0.9009 0.9009 0 0 466 H 0.9299 0.9299 0 0 467 F 0.9369 0.9369 0 0

    TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Map of NPR1 Mutations. Related to FIGS. 2A-2I. List of gain/loss of function point mutations and their alleles found in previously published forward and reverse genetic screens of AtNPR1. AA position WT AA Mutated AA Mutant name Reference 1 M 2 D 3 T 4 T 5 I 6 D 7 G 8 F 9 A 10 D 11 S A/D S11/15A/D Spoel et al. 2009 12 Y 13 E 14 I 15 S A/D S11/15A/D Spoel et al. 2009 16 S 17 T 18 S 19 F 20 V 21 A 22 T 23 D 24 N 25 T 26 D 27 S 28 S 29 I 30 V 31 Y 32 L 33 A 34 A 35 E 36 Q 37 V 38 L 39 T 40 G 41 P 42 D 43 V 44 S 45 A 46 L 47 Q 48 L 49 L 50 S 51 N 52 S 53 F 54 E 55 S A/D S55/59A/D Saleh et al. 2015 56 V 57 F 58 D 59 S A/D S55/59A/D Saleh et al. 2015 60 P 61 D 62 D 63 F 64 Y N npr1-58 Canet et al. 2010 65 S 66 D 67 A 68 K 69 L 70 V 71 L 72 S 73 D 74 G 75 R 76 E 77 V 78 S 79 F 80 H Y/A npr1-44, H80A Canet et al. 2010, Rochon et al. 2006 81 R A R81A Rochon et al. 2006 82 C A C82A Mou et al. 2003, Rochon et al. 2006 83 V A V83A Rochon et al. 2006 84 L A L84A Rochon et al. 2006 85 S 86 A 87 R A R87A Rochon et al. 2006 88 S A S88A Rochon et al. 2006 89 S A S89A Rochon et al. 2006 90 F A F90A Rochon et al. 2006 91 F A F91A Rochon et al. 2006 92 K 93 S 94 A 95 L 96 A 97 A 98 A 99 K 100 K 101 E 102 K 103 D 104 S 105 N 106 N 107 T 108 A 109 A 110 V 111 K 112 L 113 E 114 L 115 K 116 E 117 I 118 A 119 K 120 D 121 Y 122 E 123 V 124 G 125 F 126 D 127 S 128 V 129 V 130 T 131 V 132 L 133 A 134 Y 135 V 136 Y 137 S 138 S 139 R 140 V 141 R 142 P 143 P 144 P 145 K 146 G 147 V 148 S 149 E 150 C Y/A rdr1, npr1-2 This paper, Cao et al. 1997 151 A 152 D 153 E 154 N 155 C Y/A rdr1, npr1-35 This paper, Canet et al. 2010 156 C A rdr1, C156A This paper, Tada et al. 2008 157 H 158 V 159 A 160 C A rdr1 This paper 161 R 162 P frame shift nim1-1 Ryals et al. 1997 163 A 164 V 165 D 166 F 167 M 168 L 169 E 170 V 171 L frame shift nim1-3 Ryals et al. 1997 172 Y 173 L 174 A 175 F 176 I 177 F 178 K 179 I 180 P 181 E 182 L 183 I 184 T 185 L 186 Y 187 Q 188 R 189 H 190 L 191 L 192 D 193 V 194 V 195 D 196 K 197 V 198 V 199 I 200 E 201 D 202 T 203 L 204 V 205 I 206 L 207 K 208 L 209 A 210 N 211 I 212 C 213 G 214 K 215 A 216 C A C216A Mou et al. 2003 217 M 218 K 219 L 220 L 221 D 222 R 223 C 224 K 225 E 226 I 227 I 228 V 229 K 230 S 231 N 232 V 233 D 234 M 235 V 236 S 237 L 238 E 239 K 240 S 241 L 242 P 243 E 244 E 245 L 246 V 247 K 248 E 249 I 250 I 251 D 252 R 253 R 254 K 255 E 256 L 257 G 258 L 259 E 260 V 261 P 262 K 263 V 264 K 265 K 266 H 267 V 268 S 269 N 270 V 271 H 272 K 273 A 274 L F npr1-50 Canet et al. 2010 275 D 276 S 277 D 278 D 279 I 280 E 281 L 282 V 283 K 284 L 285 L 286 L 287 K 288 E K npr1-41 Canet et al. 2010 289 D 290 H 291 T 292 N 293 L 294 D 295 D 296 A 297 C 298 A 299 L 300 H Y nim1-2 Ryals et al. 1997 301 F 302 A 303 V 304 A 305 Y 306 C Y npr1-40 Canet et al. 2010 307 N 308 V 309 K 310 T 311 A 312 T 313 D 314 L 315 L 316 K 317 L 318 D 319 L 320 A 321 D 322 V 323 N 324 H 325 R 326 N 327 P 328 R 329 G 330 Y 331 T 332 V 333 L 334 H Y npr1-1 Cao et al. 1997 335 V 336 A 337 A 338 M 339 R 340 K 341 E 342 P S npr1-5, npr1-60 Shah et al. 1999, Canet et al. 2010 343 Q STOP npr1-53 Canet et al. 2010 344 L 345 I A sim3 Saleh et al. 2015 346 L A sim3 Saleh et al. 2015 347 S 348 L A sim3 Saleh et al. 2015 349 L 350 E 351 K 352 G 353 A 354 S 355 A 356 S 357 E 358 A 359 T 360 L 361 E 362 G 363 R 364 T 365 A 366 L 367 M 368 I 369 A 370 K 371 Q STOP npr1-45 Canet et al. 2010 372 A 373 T A T373A Lee et al. 2015 374 M 375 A 376 V 377 E 378 C A rdr2 This paper 379 N 380 N 381 I 382 P 383 E 384 Q STOP npr1-21 Canet et al. 2010 385 C A rdr2 This paper 386 K 387 H 388 S 389 L 390 K 391 G 392 R 393 L 394 C A rdr2 This paper 395 V 396 E 397 I 398 L 399 E 400 Q STOP npr1-4 Cao et al. 1997 401 E 402 D 403 K 404 R 405 E 406 Q 407 I 408 P 409 R 410 D 411 V 412 P 413 P 414 S 415 F 416 A 417 V 418 A 419 A 420 D 421 E 422 L 423 K 424 M 425 T 426 L 427 L 428 D N npr1-27 Canet et al. 2010 429 L 430 E 431 N 432 R K/Q nim1-4, nim1-5, npr1-32, Ryals et al. 1997, Canet et al. 2010, npr1-33, npr1-51, R432Q Ding et al 2018 433 V 434 A 435 L 436 A 437 Q 438 R 439 L 440 F 441 P 442 T 443 E K npr1-25 Canet et al. 2010 444 A 445 Q 446 A 447 A 448 M 449 E K npr1-31, npr1-36 Canet et al. 2010 450 I 451 A V npr1-30 Canet et al. 2010 452 E 453 M 454 K 455 G 456 T 457 C 458 E 459 F 460 I 461 V 462 T 463 S 464 L 465 E 466 P 467 D 468 R 469 L 470 T 471 G 472 T 473 K 474 R 475 T 476 S 477 P 478 G 479 V 480 K 481 I 482 A 483 P 484 F 485 R 486 I 487 L 488 E 489 E 490 H 491 Q STOP npr1-3, npr1-37, npr1-49, Cao et al. 1997, Ryals et al. 1997, npr1-55, nim1-6 Canet et al. 2010 492 S 493 R K npr1-38 Canet et al. 2010 494 L 495 K 496 A P npr1-56 Canet et al. 2010 497 L F npr1-24, npr1-46, npr1-47 Canet et al. 2010 498 S 499 K 500 T 501 V M npr1-20 Canet et al. 2010 502 E 503 L 504 G E npr1-42 Canet et al. 2010 505 K 506 R 507 F S F507S Maier et al. 2011 508 F S F508S Maier et al. 2011 509 P 510 R 511 C A rdr3 This paper 512 S L npr1-39 Canet et al. 2010 513 A 514 V 515 L F npr1-48 Canet et al. 2010 516 D 517 Q 518 I 519 M 520 N 521 C A/S rdr3, C521S This paper, Rochon et al. 2006, Wu et al. 2012 522 E 523 D 524 L 525 T 526 Q STOP npr1-34 Canet et al. 2010 527 L 528 A 529 C A/S rdr3, C529S This paper, Rochon et al. 2006, Wu et al. 2012 530 G 531 E 532 D 533 D 534 T 535 A 536 E 537 K 538 R STOP npr1-28 Canet et al. 2010 539 L 540 Q 541 K Q nls Kinkema et al. 2000 542 K Q nls Kinkema et al. 2000 543 Q 544 R K/G npr1-22, nls Kinkema et al. 2000, Canet et al. 2010 545 Y 546 M 547 E 548 I 549 Q 550 E 551 T 552 L 553 K Q nls Kinkema et al. 2000 554 K Q nls Kinkema et al. 2000 555 A 556 F 557 S 558 E 559 D 560 N 561 L 562 E 563 L 564 G 565 N 566 S 567 S 568 L 569 T 570 D 571 S 572 T 573 S 574 S 575 T 576 S 577 K 578 S 579 T 580 G 581 G 582 K 583 R 584 S 585 N 586 R 587 K 588 L 589 S A S589A Lee et al. 2015 590 H 591 R 592 R 593 R

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    TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Functional Categorization of sim3-GFP Interactome Proteins. Related to FTGS. 3A-3F. SN Components - Part 1 SINC Components Normalized Functional Fold Change: Groups Gene ID Symbol/Name SA vs Mock p-value Description D, E, F, G AT4G05420 DDB1A, damaged 2.521654986 0.0002806 Structurally similar to damaged DNA binding proteins. DNA binding protein DDB1a is part of a 350 KDa nuclear localized DET1 1A protein complex. This complex may physically interact with histone tails and while bound to chromatin- repress transcription of genes involved in photomorphogenesis. DDB1a is shown to be RUB- modified. D, E, F, G AT5G50340 ATP-dependent 2.951968756 0.01 DNA repair protein RadA-like protein peptidase E, F, G AT5G10450 GRF6, G-box 2.012355655 0.002 member of the 14-3-3 gene family that is a lambda regulating factor 6 isoform (14-3-3λ). Interacts with APX3 (ascorbate peroxidase) and AKR2, suggesting a role in mediating oxidative metabolism in stress response. This protein was shown to colocalize and interact with SERK1 by which it is phosphorylated. This protein is also reported to interact with the phosphorylated form of the BZR1 transcription factor involved in brassinosteroid signaling and may affect the nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of BZR1. Interacts with JAZ10.4 which lacks the Jas motif. It is also phosphorylated by CRPK1 as part of the response to cold and translocates to the nucleus after phosphorylation. E, F, G AT5G44070 PCS1, phytochelatin 3.42876493 0.014 Phytochelatin synthase gene confers tolerance to synthase 1 (PCS1) cadmium ions. Catalyzes phytochelatin (PC) synthesis from glutathione (GSH) in the presence of Cd2+, Zn2+, Cu2+ and Fe3+, but not by Co2+ or Ni2+. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. C, F, G AT1G05010 EFE, ethylene-forming 2.159064852 0.00002881 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase enzyme F, G AT1G02930 GSTF6, glutathione S- 2.00932338 0.0008488 glutathione transferase belonging to the phi class of transferase 6 GSTs. Naming convention according to Wagner et al. (2002). F, G AT1G04980 PDIL2-2, PDI-like 2-2 2.195873033 0.042 protein disulfide isomerase-like (PDIL) protein, a member of a multigene family within the thioredoxin (TRX) superfamily. Transcript levels for this gene are up-regulated in response to three different chemical inducers of ER stress (dithiothreitol, beta- mercaptoethanol, and tunicamycin). AtIRE1-2 does not appear to be required for this response, but the atbzip60 mutant has a diminished response. F, G AT1G54100 ALDH7B4, aldehyde 2.005991063 0.005 Aldehyde dehydrogenase dehydrogenase 7B4 F, G AT1G63460 GPX8, glutathione 19.55048744 0.007 GPX8 (glutathione peroxidase 8). Involved in the peroxidase 8 suppression of oxidative damages in nucleus and cytosol. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. F, G AT1G76680 OPR1, 12- 4111.7295 0.00005161 member of an alpha/beta barrel fold family of FMN- oxophytodienoate containing oxidoreductases. One of the closely related reductase 1 12-oxophytodienoic acid reductases. This enzyme is not expected to participate in jasmonic acid biosynthesis because during in vitro assays, it shows very little activity with the naturally occurring OPDA isomer. Shows activity towards 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene. Expressed predominately in root. Up-regulated by senescence and jasmonic acid. Induced by salicylic acid. Independent of NPR1 for their induction by salicylic acid. Predicted to be a cytosolic protein. F, G AT1G78380 GSTU19, glutathione 2.583760756 0.002 glutathione transferase that is a member of Tau GST S-transferase TAU 19 gene family. Expression is induced by drought stress, oxidative stress, and high doses of auxin and cytokinin. naming convention according to Wagner et al. (2002) The expression of this gene is upregulated by herbicide safeners such as benoxacor and fenclorim. F, G AT2G29720 CTF2B, FAD/NAD(P)- 3.145972448 0.026 FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein binding oxidoreductase family protein F, G AT3G11340 UDP- 3.032097566 0.04 glucosyltransferase that conjugates isoleucic acid and Glycosyltransferase modulates plant defense and senescence. superfamily protein F, G AT3G26830 PAD3, Cytochrome 14.61448668 0.00004092 Mutations in pad3 are defective in biosynthesis of the P450 superfamily indole derived phytoalexin camalexin. cytochrome protein P450 enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of dihydrocamalexic acid to camalexin. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. F, G AT4G31500 ATR4, CYP83B1, 2.418188216 0.046 an oxime-metabolizing enzyme in the biosynthetic RED1, RNT1, SUR2, pathway of glucosinolates. Is required for cytochrome P450, phytochrome signal transduction in red light. Mutation family 83, subfamily B, confers auxin overproduction. polypeptide 1 F, G AT4G34135 UGT73B2, UDP- 8.082080074 0.003 The At4g34135 gene flavonol 7-O-glucosyltransferase glucosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.237) that glucosylates also with a 20 fold 73B2 lower activity flavonols (kaempferol and quercetin) at the 3-O-position. F, G AT4G37760 SQE3, squalene 50.11829138 0.014 squalene epoxidase 3 epoxidase 3 F, G AT5G03630 ATMDAR2, Pyridine 2.748603928 0.012 Pyridine nucleotide-disulfide oxidoreductase family nucleotide-disulphide protein oxidoreductase family protein F, G AT5G18170 GDH1, glutamate 86.38984437 0.016 the 43 kDa alpha-subunit of the glutamate dehydrogenase 1 dehydrogenase with a putative mitochondrial transit polypeptide and NAD(H)− and alpha-ketoglutarate- binding domains. Mitochondrial localization confirmed by subcellular fractionation. Combines in several ratios with GDH2 protein (GDH-beta) to form seven isoenzymes. Catalyzes the cleavage of glycine residues. May be involved in ammonia assimilation under conditions of inorganic nitrogen excess. The enzyme is almost exclusively found in the mitochondria of stem and leaf companion cells. F, G AT5G24530 DMR6, 2-oxoglutarate 15.5761431 0.00002479 putative 2OG-Fe(II) oxygenase that is defense- (2OG) and Fe(II)- associated but required for susceptibility to downy dependent oxygenase mildew. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. superfamily protein F, G AT5G57800 CER3, FLP1, WAX2, 3321.575875 0.002 transmembrane protein with similarity to the sterol YRE, Fatty acid desaturase family at the N-terminus and to the short- hydroxylase chain dehydrogenase/reductase family at the C- superfamily terminus. Mutant analyses indicate this protein is involved in cuticle membrane and wax biosynthesis. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. F, G AT4G37990 ELI3-2, elicitor- 56.97769729 0.002 an aromatic alcohol: NADP+ oxidoreductase whose activated gene 3-2 mRNA levels are increased in response to treatment with a variety of phytopathogenic bacteria. Though similar to mannitol dehydrogenases, this enzyme does not have mannitol dehydrogenase activity. D, E, G AT1G16890 UBC36, ubiquitin- 3.951137725 0.03 UBC36/UBC13B protein that may play a role in DNA conjugating enzyme 36 damage responses and error-free post-replicative DNA repair. It can bind to the MMZ/UEV1 proteins in vitro. D, E, G AT2G30110 UBA1, ubiquitin- 3.321653124 0.003 ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1), involved in the first activating enzyme 1 step in conjugating multiple ubiquitins to proteins targeted for degradation. Gene is expressed in most tissues examined. Mutant is able to revert the constitutive defense responses phenotype of snc1, which indicates the gene is involved in defense response. It also indicates that ubiquitination plays a role in plant defense signalling. D, E, G AT4G21100 DDB1B, damaged 1615.021625 0.0003354 One of two closely related genes similar to a damaged DNA binding protein DNA binding protein originally described in 1B mammals. May form a complex with DET1 to regulate photomorphogenesis. Loss of function mutations are lethal. The DDB lb protein binds with a number of DWD-containing proteins and may form part of a CUL4-based E3 ubiquitin ligase. D, E, G AT5G49570 PNG1, peptide-N- 3.133826988 0.032 protein that has peptide: N-glycanase activity in glycanase 1 enzymatic assay in heterologous systems (although the activity was not detected in wild-type plants). C, E, G AT1G08420 BSL2, BRI1 suppressor 2.073465041 0.037 BRI1 suppressor 1 (BSU1)-like 2 1 (BSU1)-like 2 E, G AT1G21210 WAK4, wall associated 8.976150857 0.007 cell wall-associated ser/thr kinase involved in cell kinase 4 elongation and lateral root development E, G AT1G48210 Protein kinase 6.14810165 0.003 Protein kinase superfamily protein superfamily protein E, G AT1G51660 ATMEK4, ATMKK4, 2.617942408 0.003 mitogen-activated map kinase kinase (there are nine in MKK4, mitogen- Arabidopsis) involved in innate immunity. This protein activated protein kinase activates MPK3/MPK6 and early-defense genes kinase 4 redundantly with MKK5. In plants with both MKK5 and MKK4 levels reduced by RNAi plants, floral organs do not abscise suggestion a role for both proteins in mediating floral organ abscission. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. E, G AT2G02560 CAND1, cullin- 42.10100914 0.04 Arabidopsis thaliana homolog of human CAND1 associated and (cullin-associated and neddylation-dissociated). neddylation dissociated Putative similarity to TBP-interacting protein TIP120. Ubiquitously expressed in plant tissues throughout development. T-DNA insertion mutant plants were completely sterile and resistant to sirtinol and auxin, but not to gibberellins or brassinolide. Displayed developmental phenotypes similar to those of axr1, namely, short petioles, downwardly curling leaves, shorter inflorescence. Required for SCF function and appears to modulate SCF complex cycling. Physically interacts with CUL1. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. E, G AT2G16600 ROC3, rotamase CYP 5.751533228 0.028 cytosolic cyclophilin ROC3. The mRNA is cell-to-cell 3 mobile. E, G AT2G37710 RLK, receptor lectin 4.873064424 0.016 Induced in response to Salicylic acid. The mRNA is kinase cell-to-cell mobile. E, G AT3G09350 Fes1A 3.16462928 0.014 one of the Arabidopsis orthologs of the human Hsp70- binding protein 1 (HspBP-1) and yeast Fes1p: Fes1A (AT3G09350), Fes1B (AT3G53800), Fes1C (AT5G02150). Fes1A is cytosolic and associates with cytosolic Hsp70. Mutants showed increased heat- sensitive phenotype suggestion the involvement of Fes1A in acquired thermotolerance. Does not have nucleotide exchange factor activity in vitro. E, G AT3G12580 HSP70, heat shock 4.719822467 0.006 heat shock protein 70 protein 70 E, G AT3G14840 Leucine-rich repeat 2.097211832 0.014 LRR-RLK protein that is localized to the plasma transmembrane protein membrane and is involved in regulation of plant innate kinase immunity to microbes. LIK1 is phosphorylated by CERK1, a kinase involved in chitin perception. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. E, G AT3G19420 PTEN 2 2.241160922 0.016 phosphatase with low in vitro tyrosine phosphatase activity that is capable of dephosphorylating in vitro the 3′phosphate group of PI3P, PI(3,4)P2, and PI(3,5)P2 and may be an effector of lipid signaling. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. E, G AT3G48990 AMP-dependent 2.006176223 0.017 an oxalyl-CoA synthetase and is required for oxalate synthetase and ligase degradation, for normal seed development, and for family protein defense against an oxalate-producing fungal pathogen. E, G AT4G15802 AtHSBP, HSBP, heat 6.218241496 0.0001123 protein with similarity to heat shock factor binding shock factor binding proteins. Involved in negative regulation of heat shock protein response. Becomes nuclear localized upon heat treatment. E, G AT4G26070 MEK1 4.030833705 0.028 Member of MAP Kinase Kinase. Likely functions in a stress-activated MAPK pathway. Can phosphorylate the MAPK AtMPK4, in response to stress. Gets phosphorylated by MEKK1 in response to wounding. E, G AT4G26120 NPR2, NPR1-like 16.69681087 0.003 Ankyrin repeat family protein/BTB/POZ domain- protein 2 containing protein E, G AT4G39090 RD19A, Papain family 3.140839158 0.031 Similar to cysteine proteinases, induced by desiccation cysteine protease but not abscisic acid. Required for RRS1-R mediated resistance against Ralstonia solanacearum. Interacts with the R. solanacearum type III effector PopP2. RD19 associates with PopP2 to form a nuclear complex that is required for activation of the RRS1- R?mediated resistance response. E, G AT5G02490 Heat shock protein 70 2.202605625 0.0003584 Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp 70) family protein (Hsp 70) family protein E, G AT5G14250 FUS11, Proteasome 2.75440381 0.004 subunit 3 of the COP9 signalosome. component (PCI) domain protein E, G AT5G43060 Granulin repeat 4.976365059 0.01 Peptidase, activity detected in extracts of root, leaf and cysteine protease cell culture. family protein E, G AT5G45110 NPR3, NPR1-like 9.396321195 0.0002424 NPR3, a paralog of NPR1. Involved in negative protein 3 regulation of defense responses against bacterial and oomycete pathogens. npr3 mutants has elevated level of PR1 expression. Interacts with TGA2, TGA3, TGA5 and TGA6 in yeast two hybrid assays. NPR3 and NPR4 are receptors for the immune signal salicylic acid. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. B, D, G AT5G35530 Ribosomal protein S3 3.141460686 0.024 Ribosomal protein S3 family protein family protein D, G AT2G29570 PCNA2, proliferating 2.831339329 0.046 Functionally interacts with POLH to repair DNA cell nuclear antigen 2 damaged by UVB damage. May be sumoylated. D, G AT3G06010 ATCHR12, Homeotic 9.34235423 0.018 AtCHR12, a SNF2/Brahma-type chromatin- gene regulator remodeling protein. AtCHR12 mediates temporary growth arrest in Arabidopsis upon perceiving environmental stress. D, G AT3G07930 DNA glycosylase 521.3600823 0.000147 DNA glycosylase superfamily protein superfamily protein D, G AT3G14890 Phosphoesterase 3.845087005 0.043 base excision repair protein that, together with APE2, it plays overlapping roles in the maintenance of epigenome and genome stability in plants. C, G AT4G13350 NSP (nuclear shuttle 4.269177143 0.009 GTPase that interacts with nuclear shuttle proteins protein)-interacting (NSPs) from a number of different plant viruses. The GTPase gene is widely expressed and NIG transcript levels do not rise in response to viral infection. This cytoplasmic protein does not directly interact with a viral movement protein (MP), but, it does promote the movement of NSP from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Overexpression of NIG in Arabidopsis plants renders them more sensitive to geminivirus infection. C, G AT1G01960 EDA10 2.220715332 0.03 one of the functionally redundant ARF guanine- nucleotide exchange factors (ARF-GEFs). Functions as regulators of post-Golgi trafficking. C, G AT4G02510 TOC86, translocon at 3.610006467 0.024 An integral membrane GTPase that functions as a the outer envelope transit-sequence receptor required for the import of membrane of proteins necessary for chloroplast biogenesis. Located chloroplasts 159 in the outer chloroplast membrane. Phosphorylation of the G-domains regulate translocon assembly. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. B, G AT2G34480 Ribosomal protein 3.349837664 0.006 nuclear localized member of the ribosomal L18ae/LX L18ae/LX family protein family. Loss of function mutations show protein reduced transmission through the gametophytes and embryo lethality. G AT1G02450 NIMIN1 17.71850982 0.0002129 NIMIN1 modulates PR gene expression according the following model: NPR1 forms a ternary complex with NIMIN1 and TGA factors upon SAR induction that binds to a positive regulatory cis-element of the PR-1 promoter, termed LS7. This leads to PR-1 gene induction. NIMIN1 decreases transcriptional activation, possibly through its EAR motif, which results in fine-tuning of PR-1 gene expression. G AT1G55450 S-adenosyl-L- 2.240481943 0.016 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein methyltransferases superfamily protein G AT1G60140 TPS10, trehalose 2102.433 0.001 an enzyme putatively involved in trehalose phosphate synthase biosynthesis. The protein has a trehalose synthase (TPS)-like domain that may or may not be active as well as a trehalose phosphatase (TPP)-like domain. G AT1G66090 Disease resistance 6.25603175 0.00001173 Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS class) protein (TIR-NBS class) G AT1G72910 Toll-Interleukin- 2.606979946 0.00047 Toll-Interleukin-Resistance (TIR) domain-containing Resistance (TIR) protein domain-containing protein G AT2G03440 NRP1, nodulin-related 14.30361122 0.039 Induced at the transcriptional level by Pseudomonas protein 1 syringae pv. tomato infection. G AT2G14560 LURP1, Protein of 4.630490539 0.038 LURP1, a member of the LURP cluster (late unknown function upregulated in response to Hyaloperonospora (DUF567) parasitica) which exhibits a pronounced upregulation after recognition of the pathogenic oomycte H. parasitica. LURP1 is required for full basal defense to H. parasitica and resistance to this pathogen mediated by the R-proteins RPP4 and RPP5. The mRNA is cell- to-cell mobile. G AT2G14610 PR1, pathogenesis- 3.64837311 0.0002666 PR1 gene expression is induced in response to a related gene 1 variety of pathogens. It is a useful molecular marker for the SAR response. Though the Genbank record for the cDNA associated to this gene is called ‘PR-1-like’, the sequence actually corresponds to PR1. Expression of this gene is salicylic-acid responsive. G AT2G17265 DMR1, HSK, 2.162821903 0.0007399 homoserine kinase (HSK) which produces O-phospho- homoserine kinase L-homoserine (HserP), a compound at the branching point of methionine and threonine biosynthesis. HSK is found in the stromal fraction of chloroplasts. Mutation of this gene results in higher level of the amino acid homoserine and resistance to downy mildew pathogen Hyaloperonospora arabidopsidis. G AT2G24850 TAT3, tyrosine 18.45478915 0.027 tyrosine aminotransferase that is responsive to aminotransferase 3 treatment with jasmonic acid. G AT2G26560 PLP2, phospholipase A 3.961195476 0.043 lipid acyl hydrolase with wide substrate specificity that 2A accumulates upon infection by fungal and bacterial pathogens. Protein is localized in the cytoplasm in healthy leaves, and in membranes in infected cells. Plays a role in cell death and differentially affects the accumulation of oxylipins. Contributes to resistance to virus. G AT2G37970 SOUL-1, SOUL heme- 2.926002428 0.031 SOUL heme-binding family protein binding family protein G AT3G01290 SPFH/Band 7/PHB 6.530545545 0.002 SPFH/Band 7/PHB domain-containing membrane- domain-containing associated protein family membrane-associated protein family G AT3G04210 Disease resistance 7.601551566 0.017 TN13 is a TIR-NBS protein involved in immune protein (TIR-NBS response. It co localizes with the ER and perinuclear class) membranes and interacts with MOS6. G AT3G18520 HDA15, histone 2572.7625 0.002 protein with similarity to histone deacetylases. Plants deacetylase 15 expressing RNAi directed against this gene show a moderate resistance to agrobacterium-mediated root transformation. G AT3G43810 CAM7, calmodulin 7 3.958075882 0.002 EF hand domain protein calmodulin. Can functionally complement a yeast CaM mutant. G AT3G44480 RPP1, Disease 13.72108266 0.025 TIR-NB-LRR R-protein RPP1 that confers resistance resistance protein to Peronospora parasitica (downy mildew). (TIR-NBS-LRR class) family G AT3G48090 EDS1, enhanced 3.176849719 0.008 Component of R gene-mediated disease resistance in disease susceptability Arabidopsis thaliana with homology to eukaryotic lipases. G AT3G50930 BCS1, cytochrome 15.97249988 0.006 protein that is present in a homo-multimeric protein BC1 synthesis complex on the outer mitochondrial membrane and plays a role in cell death and amplifying salicylic acid signalling. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. G AT3G51250 Senescence/dehydration- 26.13060967 0.034 Senescence/dehydration-associated protein-like protein associated protein- related G AT3G52430 ATPAD4, PAD4, 3.227623612 0.022 lipase-like gene that is important for salicylic acid alpha/beta-Hydrolases signaling and function in resistance (R) gene-mediated superfamily protein and basal plant disease resistance. PAD4 can interact directly with EDS1, another disease resistance signaling protein. Expressed at elevated level in response to green peach aphid (GPA) feeding, and modulates the GPA feeding-induced leaf senescence through a mechanism that doesn't require camalexin synthesis and salicylic acid (SA) signaling. Required for the ssi2-dependent heightened resistance to GPA. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. G AT4G16950 RPP5, Disease 3.79227619 0.044 Contains a putative nucleotide binding site and resistance protein leucine-rich repeats. Similar to the plant resistance (TIR-NBS-LRR class) genes N and L6, and to the toll and interleukin-1 receptors. Confers resistance to Peronospora parasitica. Redundant function together with SIKIC1 and 3 in SNC1-mediated autoimmunity. Protein levels controlled by MUSE1 and MUSE2. G AT4G19510 Disease resistance 5.174685292 0.003 Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) protein (TIR-NBS- LRR class) G AT4G33050 EDA39, calmodulin- 3.102716934 0.033 calmodulin-binding protein involved in stomatai binding family protein movement G AT5G41750 Disease resistance 10.2128062 0.0008359 Disease resistance protein (TIR-NBS-LRR class) protein (TIR-NBS- family LRR class) G AT5G45510 Leucine-rich repeat 5.051626678 0.0001342 Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein (LRR) family protein G AT5G45520 Leucine-rich repeat 2274.360875 0.006 Leucine-rich repeat (LRR) family protein (LRR) family protein G AT5G48620 Disease resistance 2.826581182 0.016 Disease resistance protein (CC-NBS-LRR class) protein (CC-NBS-LRR family class) G AT5G54310 AGD5, NEV, ARF- 8.653446694 0.019 A member of ARF GAP domain (AGD), A thaliana GAP domain 5 has 15 members, grouped into four classes. Regulates membrane trafficking and organ separation. G AT5G57560 TCH4, XTH22, 102.3521183 0.033 cell wall-modifying enzyme, rapidly upregulated in Xyloglucan response to environmental stimuli. endotransglucosylase/ hydrolase family protein G AT5G45500 RNI-like superfamily 2.930585074 0.002 RNI-like superfamily protein. Leucine-Rich repeat protein (LRR) family protein C, E, F AT1G68730 Zim17-type zinc finger 11.82585661 0.04 Zim17-type zinc finger protein protein B, E, F AT1G68200 Zinc finger C-x8-C-x5- 3.854512325 0.006 Zinc finger C-x8-C-x5-C-x3-H type family protein C-x3-H type family protein D, F AT2G21790 RNR1, ribonucleotide 2182.409958 0.0007951 large subunit of ribonucleotide reductase involved in reductase 1 the production of deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) for DNA replication and repair F AT1G05720 Selenoprotein family 2.426087484 0.04 selenoprotein family protein protein F AT1G11680 CYP51, 2.795984794 0.006 putative obtusifoliol 14-alpha demethylase involved in CYTOCHROME P450 sterol biosynthesis. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. 51G1 F AT1G16350 Aldolase-type TIM 65.91134451 0.042 Aldolase-type TIM barrel family protein barrel family protein F AT1G22400 UGT85A1, UDP- 4.863075405 0.03 UDP-Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein Glycosyltransferase superfamily protein F AT1G48320 Thioesterase 6.589263193 0.031 one of the two functional DHNA-CoA (1,4-dihydroxy- superfamily protein 2-naphthoyl-CoA) thioesterases found in Arabidopsis. F AT1G70580 AOAT2, GGT2, 10.47365578 0.03 protein with glyoxylate aminotransferase activity. It alanine-2-oxoglutarate can act on a number of different small substrates and aminotransferase 2 amino acids in vitro. F AT2G01490 Phytanoyl-CoA 2.659254608 0.032 phytanoyl-CoA 2-hydroxylase (PAHX). The mRNA is dioxygenase (PhyH) cell-to-cell mobile. family protein F AT2G26400 ARD3, acireductone 8.569790647 0.005 protein predicted to belong to the acireductone dioxygenase 3 dioxygenase (ARD/ARD?)family. F AT2G29320 NAD(P)-binding 40.03724019 0.045 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein Rossmann-fold superfamily protein F AT2G43820 UGT74F2, UDP- 8.985932916 0.011 nicotinate-O-glycosyltransferase. Induced by Salicylic glucosyltransferase acid, virus, fungus and bacteria. Also involved in the 74F2 tryptophan synthesis pathway. Independent of NPR1 for their induction by salicylic acid. UGT74F1 transfers UDP: glucose to salicylic acid (forming a glucoside (SAG) and a glucose ester (SGE)), benzoic acid, and anthranilate in vitro. UGT74F2 shows a weak ability to catalyze the formation of the p- aminobenzoate-glucose ester in vitro. But, UGT75B1 appears to be the dominant pABA acylglucosyltransferase in vivo based on assays in leaves, flowers, and siliques. F AT4G13180 NAD(P)-binding 5.4597349 0.005 NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold superfamily protein Rossmann-fold superfamily protein F AT4G22220 ISU1, SufE/NifU 3.436677001 0.042 mitochondrial protein similar to E. coli IscU. In family protein bacteria, IscU is a scaffold protein accepting sulfur and iron to build a transient Fe—S cluster, which is subsequently transferred to a target apoprotein. F AT5G14240 Thioredoxin 32.0699871 0.044 Thioredoxin superfamily protein superfamily protein F AT5G22140 FAD/NAD(P)-binding 9.815053313 0.0002677 FAD/NAD(P)-binding oxidoreductase family protein oxidoreductase family protein F AT5G40760 G6PD6, glucose-6- 4.098820827 0.035 cytosolic glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase that is phosphate insensitive to reduction by DTT and whose mRNA is dehydrogenase 6 expressed ubiquitously. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. F AT5G48180 NSP5, nitrile specifier 5235.696 0.0009395 nitrile-specifier protein NSP5. NSP5 is one out of five protein 5 (At3g16400/NSP1, At2g33070/NSP2, At3g16390/NSP3, At3g16410/NSP4 and At5g48180/NSP5) A. thaliana epithiospecifier protein (ESP) homologues that promote simple nitrile, but not epithionitrile or thiocyanate formation. C, E AT5G47040 LON2, lon protease 2 2.472454332 0.002 member of the Lon protease-like proteins (Lon1/At5g26860, Lon2/At5g47040, Lon3/At3g05780, Lon4/At3g05790). Lon is a multifunctional ATP-dependent protease which exists in bacteria, archaea and within organelles in eukaryotic cells. Lon proteases are responsible for the degradation of abnormal, damaged and unstable proteins. C, E AT3G18060 Transducin family 7.1893436 0.017 transducin family protein/WD-40 repeat family protein/WD-40 repeat protein. Cul4-RING E3 ubiquitin ligase complex family protein C, E AT2G31200 ADF6 2.256109133 0.011 actin depolymerizing factor 6 (ADF6). The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. E AT1G04860 UBP2, ubiquitin- 2.306075545 0.0007404 ubiquitin-specific protease. specific protease 2 E AT1G08050 Zinc finger (C3HC4- 7.543438856 0.004 Zinc finger (C3HC4-type RING finger) family protein type RING finger) family protein E AT2G04430 atnudt5, NUDT5, 44.14867451 0.029 nudix hydrolase homolog 5 nudix hydrolase homolog 5 E AT2G20190 CLIP-associated 2554.278083 0.00008309 microtubule-associated protein that is involved in both protein cell division and cell expansion. It likely promotes microtubule stability. E AT2G21470 SAE2, SUMO- 5.816764678 0.041 one of the two subunits of the SUMO activation activating enzyme 2 enzyme required during sumolation. Sumolation is a post-translational protein modification process similar to ubiquitination during which a polypeptide (SUMO) is covalently attached to a target protein. E AT2G28450 zinc finger (CCCH- 2.94745402 0.012 zinc finger (CCCH-type) family protein type) family protein E AT2G32160 S-adenosyl-L- 3.438645919 0.012 S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent methionine-dependent methyltransferases superfamily protein methyltransferases superfamily protein E AT2G47110 UBQ6, ubiquitin 6 2.043646216 0.006 polyubiquitin gene The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. E AT3G07990 SCPL27, serine 5807.184 0.007 serine carboxypeptidase-like 27 carboxypeptidase-like 27 E AT3G20630 UBP14, ubiquitin- 5.017922504 0.003 ubiquitin-specific protease. Identical to TTN6. Loss of specific protease 14 function mutations are embryo lethals, having development arrested at the preglobular/globular stage. Also involved in root responses to phosphate deficiency. E AT3G23570 alpha/beta-Hydrolases 2.728988268 0.002 alpha/beta-Hydrolases superfamily protein superfamily protein E AT3G50590 Transducin/WD40 3404.154333 0.001 WD40/YVTN repeat protein. Autophagy pathway repeat-like superfamily regulation protein E AT3G58040 SINAT2, seven in 2.989448967 0.04 RING finger domain containing protein that interacts absentia of Arabidopsis with AtRAP2.2. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. 2 E AT4G01870 tolB protein-related 6.111279906 0.032 tolB protein-like protein E AT4G17830 Peptidase 3.667358167 0.031 NAOD functional acetylornithine deacetylase. M20/M25/M40 family Silenced lines plants flower early but have reduced protein fertility (siliques do not develop) as well as reduced ornithine levels. NAOD mediates a linear pathway for ornithine biosynthesis. E AT4G30890 UBP24, ubiquitin- 2578.715125 0.003 ubiquitin-specific protease. specific protease 24 E AT5G60360 SAG2, aleurain-like 4.083440208 0.004 senescence-associated thiol protease. The mRNA is protease cell-to-cell mobile. E AT5G60510 Undecaprenyl 7.40731429 0.006 Undecaprenyl pyrophosphate synthetase family protein pyrophosphate synthetase family protein E AT5G61790 ATCNX1, CNX1, 5.259807906 0.008 calnexin 1 calnexin 1 E AT5G67340 ARM repeat 203.1453606 0.014 ARM repeat superfamily protein superfamily protein E AT3G15610 Transducin/WD40 2.263771457 0.008 Transducin/WD40 repeat-like superfamily protein repeat-like superfamily protein E AT3G45620 Transducin/WD40 3.673690257 0.009 This gene is predicted to encode a protein with a DWD repeat-like superfamily motif. It can bind to DDB la in Y2H assays, and protein DDB lb in co-IP assays, and may be involved in the formation of a CUL4-based E3 ubiquitin ligase E AT5G24710 Transducin/WD40 2.012342931 0.036 WD40/YVTN repeat protein. repeat-like superfamily protein. Peptidase A1 domain-containing protein D AT3G18580 Nucleic acid-binding, 6.349991253 0.01 Member of the family of canonical mitochondrial OB-fold-like protein DNA binding proteins. Single-stranded binding protein which does not interfere with MMEJ. D AT4G31210 DNA topoisomerase, 2.583542458 0.041 DNA topoisomerase, type IA, core type IA, core C AT2G41740 VLN2, villin 2 3.542665946 0.041 protein with high homology to animal villin. actin filament bundle assembly, actin filament capping C AT3G19960 ATM1, myosin 1 2.331183156 0.023 member of Myosin-like proteins C AT1G27970 NTF2B, nuclear 11.1592163 0.042 an ortholog of yeast NTF2, a nuclear envelop transport transport factor 2B protein that functions as the nuclear import receptor for RanGDP, an essential player in nucleocytoplasmic transport. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. C AT3G06720 IMPA1, importin alpha 2.092256022 0.018 importin alpha involved in nuclear import. Protein isoform 1 interacts with Agrobacterium proteins VirD2 and VirE2. Is not individually essential for Agrobacterium- mediated root transformation, but when overexpressed can rescue the impa-4 decreased transformation susceptibility phenotype. C AT1G59610 ADL3, CF1, DL3, 2.502994433 0.003 A high molecular weight GTPase whose GTP-binding DRP2B, dynamin-like domain shows a low homology to those of other plant 3 dynamin-like proteins. Contains a pleckstrin homologous domain. DRP2B and DRP1A participate together in clathrin-coated vesicle formation during endocytosis. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. C AT3G13870 RHD3, Root hair 2.858612305 0.036 required for regulated cell expansion and normal root defective 3 GTP- hair development, an evolutionarily conserved protein binding protein with putative GTP-binding motifs that is implicated in (RHD3) the control of vesicle trafficking between the endoplasmic reticulum and the Golgi compartments. C AT5G24520 TTG1, 3.341780748 0.017 Required for the accumulation of purple anthocyanins Transducin/WD40 in leaves and stems. Involved in trichome and root hair repeat-like superfamily development. Controls epidermal cell fate protein specification Affects dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene expression It is thought that a ternary complex composed of TT2, TT8 and TTG1 is necessary for correct expression of BAN in seed endothelium. Based on clonal analysis and other methonds TTG1 has been shown to act non-cell autonomously and to move via plasmodesmata between cells. Localization and levels of TTG1 affect patterning of leaf trichomes. Auxin and ethylene responsiveness of TTG1 transcription is lost in myb12 mutants. C AT1G07140 SIRANBP, Pleckstrin 709.313854 0.006 putative Ran-binding protein (siRanBP). INVOLVED homology (PH) domain IN: intracellular transport, protein import into nucleus, superfamily protein translocation C AT3G19870 AP-5 complex subunit 4.590769246 0.016 AP-5 complex subunit beta-like protein beta-like protein C AT3G28710 ATPase, V0/A0 2.237991657 0.00007561 ATPase, V0/A0 complex, subunit C/D complex, subunit C/D C AT5G05000 TOC34, translocon at 9.76131971 0.023 Outer membrane GTPase protein that may function in the outer envelope import of nuclear encoded proteins into the membrane of chloroplast. Phosphorylation of the G-domains chloroplasts 34 regulate translocon assembly. C AT5G54750 Transport protein 2.898695804 0.0008123 Part of multi-protein complex, acting as guanine particle (TRAPP) nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs) and possibly as component tethers, regulating intracellular trafficking. B AT1G01100 60S acidic ribosomal 4.679633439 0.03 Co-orthologous gene of large ribosomal subunit protein family protein RPP1. B AT3G61240 DEA(D/H)-box RNA 2.53199271 0.028 DEA(D/H)-box RNA helicase family protein helicase family protein B AT5G64150 RNA methyltransferase 2.147414015 0.034 RNA methyltransferase family protein family protein B AT1G12920 ERF1-2, eukaryotic 2.49554072 0.026 eukaryotic release factor one homolog. release factor 1-2 B AT3G62870 Ribosomal protein 19.7434018 0.000333 Ribosomal protein L7Ae/L30e/S12e/Gadd45 family L7Ae/L30e/S12e/Gadd protein 45 family protein B AT2G16360 Ribosomal protein S25 2.055365138 0.003 40S ribosomal protein S25 family protein B AT2G31060 Elongation factor 3.320469781 0.001 elongation factor family protein family protein B AT1G27900 RNA helicase family 1962.136292 0.002 RNA helicase family protein protein B AT2G43410 FPA, RNA binding 4.866064994 0.018 FPA is a gene that regulates flowering time in Arabidopsis via a pathway that is independent of daylength (the autonomous pathway). Mutations in FPA result in extremely delayed flowering. Double mutants with FCA have reduced fertility and single/double mutants have defects in siRNA mediated chromatin silencing. B AT3G62310 RNA helicase family 7.184690142 0.035 RNA helicase family protein protein B AT4G09730 RH39 46.88487933 0.029 RH39, a DEAD-box protein involved in the introduction of the hidden break into the 23S rRNA in the chloroplasts. Recombinant RH39 binds to the 23S rRNA in a segment adjacent to the stem-loop creating the hidden break target loop in a sequence-dependent manner. Has ATP-hydrolyzing activity at a Kcat of 5.3/ min in the presence of rRNA sequence. Mutants have drastically reduced level of level of ribulose 1,5- bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase. The mRNA is cell-to-cell mobile. B AT5G62190 PRH75, DEAD box 5.900567132 0.027 DEAD/DEAH box RNA helicase PRH75 RNA helicase (PRH75) A AT1G60095 Mannose-binding lectin 2.220346084 0.005 Mannose-binding lectin superfamily protein superfamily protein A AT1G74940 Protein of unknown 1001.701844 0.019 cyclin-dependent kinase, putative (DUF581) function (DUF581) A AT2G20010 Protein of unknown 2.965429985 0.028 Gls protein (DUF810) function (DUF810) A AT2G28620 P-loop containing 7.174619085 0.0004092 Mutants have radially swollen roots but do not exhibit nucleoside triphosphate defects in abundance or orientation of cortical hydrolases superfamily microtubules, nor are microfibrils reduced. Cellulose protein synthesis is also unchanged with respect to wild type. There is a disruption in the normal pattern of cell wall placement. A AT2G30500 Kinase interacting 66.93293597 0.027 Kinase interacting (KIP1-like) family protein (KIP1-like) family protein A AT3G14075 Mono-/di-acylglycerol 2.342061405 0.027 Mono-/di-acylglycerol lipase, N-terminal lipase, N- terminal; Lipase, class 3 A AT3G28510 P-loop containing 6.345095983 0.002 P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases nucleoside triphosphate superfamily protein hydrolases superfamily protein A AT3G28540 P-loop containing 9.619894493 0.043 P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases nucleoside triphosphate superfamily protein hydrolases superfamily protein A AT3G47630 AT3G47630 703.3438853 0.002 translocator assembly/maintenance protein A AT3G53470 AT3G53470 4.352338413 0.034 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate-independent phosphoglycerate mutase A AT4G10120 ATSPS4F, Sucrose- 2.198730157 0.033 protein with putative sucrose-phosphate synthase phosphate synthase activity. family protein A AT5G17760 P-loop containing 4791.223417 0.0009688 P-loop containing nucleoside triphosphate hydrolases nucleoside triphosphate superfamily protein hydrolases superfamily protein A AT5G36225 Zinc knuckle protein 4753.56675 0.0005696 zinc knuckle protein A AT5G51830 pfkB-like carbohydrate 4.220251395 0.018 one of the several Arabidopsis fructokinases. kinase family protein Nomenclature according to Riggs 2017 has been adopted for the family by the community (personal communication, Boernke, Callis, Granot, Boernke, and Smeekens). Important for seed oil accumulation and vascular development. Functional Group Key H = Defense Response/SA signaling. Cell Death G = Redox metabolism E = Protein modification and catabolism D = DNA Damage Response C = Protein transpoprt B = RNA binding/translation A = Unclassified (*)

    TABLE-US-00007 SN Components - Part 2 Cellular Gene ID Protein Class Protein Family Molecular Function Biological Process Component AT4G05420 DNA DAMAGE-BINDING damaged DNA- damaged DNA binding(GO: 0003684) proteasome-mediated nucleus PROTEIN 1 binding protein ubiquitin-dependent protein (GO: 0005634) (PTHR10644: SF3) (PC00086); catabolic process mRNA (GO: 0043161); protein polyadenylation ubiquitination (GO: 0016567) factor (PC00146) AT5G50340 DNA REPAIR serine protease recombinational repair PROTEIN (PC00203) (GO: 0000725) RADA-LIKE PROTEIN (PTHR32472: SF10) AT5G10450 14-3-3-LIKE signal transduction PROTEIN GF14 (GO: 0007165) LAMBDA (PTHR18860: SF98) AT5G44070 PHYTOCHELATIN cysteine protease catalytic activity, acting on a protein cellular response to chemical SYNTHASE (PC00081) (GO: 0140096); transferase activity, stimulus (GO: 0070887); (PTHR33447: SF2) transferring acyl groups (GO: 0016746) peptide biosynthetic process (GO: 0043043); response to cadmium ion (GO: 0046686); response to copper ion (GO: 0046688); response to stress (GO: 0006950); response to toxic substance (GO: 0009636); secondary metabolite biosynthetic process (GO: 0044550) AT1G05010 1-AMINOCYCLOPROPANE-1- dioxygenase activity (GO: 0051213) CARBOXYLATE OXIDASE 4 (PTHR10209: SF383) AT1G02930 GLUTATHIONE anion binding(GO: 0043168); cofactor glutathione metabolic process cytoplasm S-TRANSFERASE binding(GO: 0048037); glutathione (GO: 0006749) (GO: 0005737) F6-RELATED transferase activity (GO: 0004364); (PTHR43900: SF47) peptide binding(GO: 0042277) AT1G04980 PROTEIN DISULFIDE- ISOMERASE A6 (PTHR45815: SF3) AT1G54100 ALPHA-AMINOADIPIC dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) SEMIALDEHYDE (PC00092) DEHYDROGENASE (PTHR43521: SF1) AT1G63460 GLUTATHIONE peroxidase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) cellular response to chemical cytosol PEROXIDASE 8- (PC00180) stimulus (GO: 0070887); (GO: 0005829) RELATED response to toxic substance (PTHR11592: SF27) (GO: 0009636) AT1G76680 NADPH oxidoreductase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) DEHYDROGENASE 2- (PC00176) RELATED (PTHR22893: SF110) AT1G78380 GLUTATHIONE glutathione transferase activity glutathione metabolic process cytoplasm S-TRANSFERASE (GO: 0004364) (GO: 0006749) (GO: 0005737) U19 (PTHR11260: SF585) AT2G29720 FAD/NAD(P)-BINDING oxygenase OXIDOREDUCTASE (PC00177) FAMILY PROTEIN (PTHR45934: SF9) AT3G11340 GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE- UDP-glucosyltransferase activity intracellular membrane- LIKE PROTEIN- (GO: 0035251) bounded organelle RELATED (GO: 0043231) (PTHR11926: SF1220) AT3G26830 BIFUNCTIONAL oxygenase oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired DIHYDROCAMALEXATE (PC00177) donors, with incorporation or reduction of SYNTHASE/ molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one CAMALEXIN donor, and incorporation of one atom of SYNTHASE- oxygen (GO: 0016709) RELATED (PTHR24298: SF566) AT4G31500 CYTOCHROME oxygenase oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired P450 83B1 (PC00177) donors, with incorporation or reduction of (PTHR24298: SF400) molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one donor, and incorporation of one atom of oxygen(GO: 0016709) AT4G34135 UDP- UDP-glycosyltransferase activity intracellular membrane- GLUCOSYL (GO: 0008194) bounded organelle TRANSFERASE (GO: 0043231) 73B2-RELATED (PTHR11926: SF903) AT4G37760 SQUALENE oxygenase oxidoreductase activity, acting on paired sterol biosynthetic process endoplasmic EPOXIDASE 3 (PC00177) donors, with incorporation or reduction of (GO: 0016126) reticulum (PTHR10835: SF9) molecular oxygen, NAD(P)H as one (GO: 0005783); donor, and incorporation of one atom of plasma membrane oxygen (GO: 0016709) (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT5G03630 MONODEHYDROASCORBATE dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) nitrogen compound metabolic REDUCTASE 2- (PC00092); process (GO: 0006807); RELATED oxidase(PC00175); respiratory electron transport (PTHR43557: SF13) reductase chain (GO: 0022904) (PC00198) AT5G18170 GLUTAMATE dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) cellular amino acid catabolic DEHYDROGENASE 1 (PC00092) process (GO: 0009063) (PTHR11606: SF30) AT5G24530 PROTEIN dioxygenase activity (GO: 0051213) DOWNY MILDEW RESISTANCE 6 (PTHR10209: SF177) AT5G57800 PROTEIN oxidase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) ECERIFERUM 3 (PC00175) (PTHR11863: SF66) AT4G37990 CINNAMYL dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity, acting on the aromatic compound ALCOHOL (PC00092); CH—OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as biosynthetic process DEHYDROGENASE 8 reductase acceptor (GO: 0016616) (GO: 0019438); organic cyclic (PTHR42683: SF54) (PC00198) compound biosynthetic process (GO: 1901362); secondary metabolite biosynthetic process (GO: 0044550) AT1G16890 UBIQUITIN- ubiquitin-like protein conjugating enzyme postreplication nucleus CONJUGATING activity(GO: 0061650);ubiquitin-protein repair(GO: 0006301); protein (GO: 0005634) ENZYME E2 36 transferase activity(GO: 0004842) K63-linked (PTHR24068: SF273) ubiquitination(GO: 0070534) AT2G30110 UBIQUITIN- ligase (PC00142); ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme cellular response to DNA cytoplasm ACTIVATING transfer/carrier activity (GO: 0008641) damage stimulus (GO: 0005737); ENZYME E1 1 protein (GO: 0006974); protein nucleus (PTHR10953: SF208) (PC00219) ubiquitination (GO: 0016567) (GO: 0005634) AT4G21100 DNA DAMAGE- damaged DNA- damaged DNA binding (GO: 0003684) proteasome-mediated nucleus BINDING binding protein ubiquitin-dependent protein (GO: 0005634) PROTEIN 1 (PC00086); catabolic process (PTHR10644: SF3) mRNA (GO: 0043161); protein polyadenylation ubiquitination (GO: 0016567) factor (PC00146) AT5G49570 PEPTIDE-N(4)- hydrolase hydrolase activity, acting on carbon- cellular protein modification cytosol (N-ACETYL- (PC00121) nitrogen (but not peptide) bonds, in linear process (GO: 0006464); (GO: 0005829); BETA- amides (GO: 0016811) glycoprotein metabolic nucleus GLUCOSAMINYL)ASPARAGINE process (GO: 0009100); (GO: 0005634) AMIDASE protein quality control for (PTHR12143: SF19) misfolded or incompletely synthesized proteins (GO: 0006515) AT1G08420 SERINE/THREONINE- PROTEIN PHOSPHATASE BSL2 (PTHR46422: SF7) AT1G21210 WALL- protein serine/threonine kinase activity plasma ASSOCIATED (GO: 0004674) membrane(GO: 0005886) RECEPTOR KINASE 2- RELATED (PTHR27005: SF282) AT1G48210 F11A17.22 transmembrane receptor protein plasma membrane PROTEIN- serine/threonine kinase activity (GO: 0005886) RELATED (GO: 0004675) (PTHR27001: SF841) AT1G51660 MITOGEN- protein serine/threonine kinase activity activation of protein kinase cytoplasm ACTIVATED (GO: 0004674) activity (GO: 0032147); signal (GO: 0005737) PROTEIN transduction by protein KINASE phosphorylation KINASE 4 (GO: 0023014); stress- (PTHR24361: SF758) activated protein kinase signaling cascade (GO: 0031098) AT2G02560 CULLIN- transcription protein ubiquitination nucleus ASSOCIATED factor (PC00218) (GO: 0016567); protein- (GO: 0005634) NEDD8- containing complex assembly DISSOCIATED (GO: 0065003) PROTEIN 1 (PTHR12696: SF0) AT2G16600 PEPTIDYL-PROLYL CIS-TRANS catalytic activity, acting on a protein peptidyl-amino acid Golgi apparatus ISOMERASE CYP19-1 (GO: 0140096); drug binding modification (GO: 0018193); (GO: 0005794); (PTHR11071: SF459) (GO: 0008144); peptide binding protein folding (GO: 006457) chloroplast (GO: 0042277); unfolded protein binding (GO: 0009507); (GO: 0051082) cytosol (GO: 0005829); plasma membrane (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT2G37710 L-TYPE LECTIN- transmembrane receptor protein defense response to bacterium plasma membrane DOMAIN serine/threonine kinase activity (GO: 0042742) (GO: 0005886) CONTAINING (GO: 0004675) RECEPTOR KINASE IV.1 (PTHR27007: SF207) AT3G09350 HSP70-BINDING ATPase activity (GO: 0016887); endoplasmic PROTEIN 1 nucleoside-triphosphatase regulator reticulum (PTHR19316: SF18) activity (GO: 0060589); purine nucleotide (GO: 0005783); binding (GO: 0017076) plasma membrane (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT3G12580 HEAT SHOCK ATP binding (GO: 0005524); ATPase cellular response to heat cytoplasm 70 KDA activity, coupled (GO: 0042623); heat (GO: 0034605); cellular (GO: 0005737) PROTEIN shock protein binding (GO: 0031072); response to unfolded protein COGNATE 1- unfolded protein binding (GO: 0051082) (GO: 0034620); chaperone- RELATED mediated protein folding (PTHR19375: SF395) (GO: 0061077) AT3G14840 SUBFAMILY protein serine/threonine kinase activity protein autophosphorylation plasma membrane NOT NAMED (GO: 0004674) (GO: 0046777) (GO: 0005886) (PTHR27006: SF136) AT3G19420 PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3,4,5- protein phosphoprotein phosphatase activity cell cycle (GO: 0007049); TRISPHOSPHATE 3- phosphatase (GO: 0004721) phospholipid metabolic PHOSPHATASE (PC00195) process (GO: 0006644); TPTE2- protein phosphorylation RELATED (GO: 0006468) (PTHR12305: SF32) AT3G48990 OXALATE-- dehydrogenase ligase activity (GO: 0016874); cellular amino acid COA LIGASE (PC00092); ligase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) biosynthetic process (PTHR43201: SF14) (PC00142) (GO: 0008652); coenzyme metabolic process (GO: 0006732); fatty acid metabolic process (GO: 0006631) AT4G15802 HEAT SHOCK cellular response to heat cytosol FACTOR (GO: 0034605) (GO: 0005829); BINDING nucleus PROTEIN (GO: 0005634) (PTHR19424: SF0) AT4G26070 MITOGEN- protein serine/threonine kinase activity activation of protein kinase cytoplasm ACTIVATED (GO: 0004674) activity (GO: 0032147); signal (GO: 0005737) PROTEIN transduction by protein KINASE phosphorylation KINASE 1 (GO: 0023014); stress- (PTHR24361: SF735) activated protein kinase signaling cascade (GO: 0031098) AT4G26120 REGULATORY defense response to bacterium cytoplasm PROTEIN NPR2 (GO: 0042742); jasmonic acid (GO: 0005737); (PTHR46475: SF5) mediated signaling pathway nucleus (GO: 0009867) regulation of (GO: 0005634) signal transduction (GO: 0009966) response to fungus (GO: 0009620) AT4G39090 CYSTEINE cysteine protease cysteine-type endopeptidase activity proteolysis involved in extracellular space PROTEASE (PC00081); (GO: 0004197) cellular protein catabolic (GO: 0005615); RD19A protease inhibitor process (GO: 0051603) lysosome (PTHR12411: SF611) (PC00191) (GO: 0005764) AT5G02490 HEAT SHOCK ATP binding (GO: 0005524); ATPase cellular response to heat cytoplasm 70 KDA activity, coupled (GO: 0042623); heat (GO: 0034605); cellular (GO: 0005737) PROTEIN shock protein binding (GO: 0031072); response to unfolded protein COGNATE 1- unfolded protein binding (GO: 0051082) (GO: 0034620); chaperone- RELATED mediated protein folding (PTHR19375: SF395) (GO: 0061077) AT5G14250 COP9 enzyme protein ubiquitination COP9 signalosome SIGNALOSOME modulator (GO: 0016567); ubiquitin- (GO: 0008180) COMPLEX (PC00095) dependent protein catabolic SUBUNIT 3 process (GO: 0006511) (PTHR10758: SF1) AT5G43060 CYSTEINE cysteine protease cysteine-type endopeptidase activity proteolysis involved in extracellular space PROTEASE (PC00081); (GO: 0004197) cellular protein catabolic (GO: 0005615); RD21B- protease inhibitor process (GO: 0051603) lysosome RELATED (PC00191) (GO: 0005764) (PTHR12411: SF682) AT5G45110 REGULATORY defense response to bacterium nucleus PROTEIN NPR3 (GO: 0042742); jasmonic acid (GO: 0005634) (PTHR46475: SF8) mediated signaling pathway (GO: 0009867); regulation of signal transduction (GO: 0009966); response to fungus (GO: 0009620) AT5G35530 40S ribosomal protein catalytic activity, acting on DNA DNA repair (GO: 0006281); cytosolic small ribosomal RIBOSOMAL (PC00202) (GO: 0140097); damaged DNA binding positive regulation of subunit (GO: 0022627); PROTEIN S3 (GO: 0003684); hydrolase activity macromolecule metabolic nucleus (GO: 0005634) (PTHR11760: SF32) (GO: 0016787); structural constituent of process (GO: 0010604); ribosome (GO: 0003735) positive regulation of nucleobase-containing compound metabolic process (GO: 0045935); positive regulation of response to DNA damage stimulus (GO: 2001022); regulation of DNA repair (GO: 0006282) AT2G29570 PROLIFERATING DNA polymerase catalytic activity (GO: 0003824); enzyme DNA biosynthetic process intracellular part CELL processivity factor regulator activity (GO: 0030234) (GO: 0071897); DNA strand (GO: 0044424); NUCLEAR (PC00015) elongation involved in DNA protein-containing ANTIGEN replication (GO: 0006271); complex (PTHR11352: SF0) RNA biosynthetic process (GO: 0032991) (GO: 0032774); RNA catabolic process (GO: 0006401) AT3G06010 ATP- DNA helicase DEPENDENT (PC00011) HELICASE BRM (PTHR10799: SF854) AT3G07930 METHYL-CPG- methyl- DNA binding (GO: 0003677) response to radiation BINDING transferase (GO: 0009314) DOMAIN (PC00155); PROTEIN 4- nuclease LIKE PROTEIN (PC00170) (PTHR15074: SF0) AT3G14890 BIFUNCTIONAL double-stranded DNA binding DNA repair (GO: 0006281); POLYNUCLEOTIDE (GO: 0003690); kinase activity nucleoside monophosphate PHOSPHATASE/ (GO: 0016301); phosphatase activity metabolic process KINASE (GO: 0016791); phosphotransferase (GO: 0009123); nucleotide (PTHR12083: SF9) activity, alcohol group as acceptor biosynthetic process (GO: 0016773); phosphotransferase (GO: 0009165); nucleotide activity, phosphate group as acceptor phosphorylation (GO: 0016776) (GO: 0046939) AT4G13350 SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED (PTHR46085: SF3) AT1G01960 EXCHANGE FACTOR FOR ARF 6, ISOFORM H (PTHR10663: SF328) AT4G02510 TRANSLOCASE OF CHLOROPLAST 159, CHLOROPLASTIC (PTHR10903: SF120) AT2G34480 60S cytosolic large RIBOSOMAL ribosomal subunit PROTEIN L18A-1- (GO: 0022625) RELATED (PTHR10052: SF39) AT1G02450 PROTEIN NIM1- INTERACTING 1 (PTHR33669: SF11) AT1G55450 S-ADENOSYL- L-METHIONINE- DEPENDENT METHYLTRANSFERASES SUPERFAMILY PROTEIN (PTHR44575: SF6) AT1G60140 ALPHA,ALPHA- TREHALOSE- PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE [UDP- FORMING] 10- RELATED (PTHR10788: SF81) AT1G66090 AT1G72910 DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN (TTR- NBS CLASS)- RELATED (PTHR11017: SF207) AT2G03440 NODULIN- RELATED PROTEIN 1 (PTHR35098: SF4) AT2G14560 PROTEIN LURP- ONE-RELATED 1-RELATED (PTHR31087: SF58) AT2G14610 PATHOGENESIS- defense/ extracellular space RELATED immunity protein (GO: 0005615) PROTEIN 1 (PC00090) (PTHR10334: SF406) AT2G17265 HOMOSERINE KINASE (PTHR20861: SF1) AT2G24850 AMINOTRANSFERASE TAT3- RELATED (PTHR45744: SF21) AT2G26560 PATATIN-LKE PROTEIN 2 (PTHR32176: SF0) AT2G37970 SOUL HEME- BINDING FAMILY PROTEIN (PTHR11220: SF58) AT3G01290 HYPERSENSITIVE- cytoskeletal structural molecule activity (GO: 0005198) cytoskeleton INDUCED protein (GO: 0005856) RESPONSE (PC00085); PROTEIN 3 protease inhibitor (PTHR43327: SF19) (PC00191) AT3G04210 ATP BINDING PROTEIN- RELATED (PTHR11017: SF297) AT3G18520 HISTONE chromatin organization DEACETYLASE (GO: 0006325) (PTHR45634: SF11) AT3G43810 CALMODULIN- calmodulin calcium ion binding (GO: 0005509) calcium-mediated signaling intracellular 7-RELATED (PC00061) (GO: 0019722) (GO: 0005622) (PTHR23050: SF385) AT3G44480 ATP BINDING PROTEIN- RELATED (PTHR11017: SF297) AT3G48090 PROTEIN EDS1- RELATED (PTHR47090: SF2) AT3G50930 PROTEIN HYPER- SENSITIVITY- RELATED 4 (PTHR23070: SF81) AT3G51250 SUBFAMILY plasma membrane NOT NAMED (GO: 0005886) (PTHR21068: SF35) AT3G52430 LIPASE-LIKE PAD4 (PTHR47413: SF2) AT4G16950 DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN (TIR- NBS-LRR CLASS)- RELATED (PTHR11017: SF274) AT4G19510 DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN (TIR- NBS-LRR CLASS) (PTHR11017: SF293) AT4G33050 IQ DOMAIN- CONTAINING PROTEIN IQM1 (PTHR31250: SF33) AT5G41750 DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN (TIR- NBS-LRR CLASS) FAMILY (PTHR11017: SF291) AT5G45510 DISEASE RESISTANCE PROTEIN (TIR- NBS-LRR CLASS)- RELATED (PTHR11017: SF212) AT5G45520 LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (LRR) FAMILY PROTEIN- RELATED (PTHR23155: SF1076) AT5G48620 DISEASE RESISTANCE RPP8-LIKE PROTEIN 3- RELATED (PTHR23155: SF933) AT5G54310 ADP- RIBOSYLATION FACTOR GTPASE- ACTIVATING PROTEIN AGD5- RELATED (PTHR46419: SF2) AT5G57560 XYLOGLUCAN ENDOTRANSGLUCOSYLASE/ HYDROLASE PROTEIN 22 (PTHR31062: SF188) AT5G45500 LEUCINE-RICH REPEAT (LRR) FAMILY PROTEIN- RELATED (PTHR23155: SF1076) AT1G68730 F24J5.3 chaperone binding (GO: 0051087) protein folding (GO: 0006457); mitochondrion (PTHR20922: SF19) protein import into (GO: 0005739) mitochondrial matrix (GO: 0030150); protein stabilization (GO: 0050821) AT1G68200 ZINC FINGER RNA binding CCCH DOMAIN- protein CONTAINING (PC00031) PROTEIN 15 (PTHR12547: SF126) AT2G21790 RIBONUCLEOSIDE- reductase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) carbohydrate derivative cytosolic part DIPHOSPHATE (PC00198) biosynthetic process (GO: 0044445); REDUCTASE (GO: 1901137); nucleotide oxidoreductase LARGE biosynthetic process complex SUBUNIT (GO: 0009165) (GO: 1990204) (PTHR11573: SF6) AT1G05720 SELENOPROTEIN F (PTHR13077: SF6) AT1G11680 LANOSTEROL oxygenase oxidation-reduction process 14-ALPHA (PC00177) (GO: 0055114); sterol DEMETHYLASE metabolic process (PTHR24286: SF24) (GO: 0016125) AT1G16350 INOSINE-5′- oxidoreductase activity, acting on the nucleobase-containing small MONOPHOSPHATE CH—OH group of donors, NAD or NADP as molecule biosynthetic process DEHYDROGENASE acceptor (GO: 0016616) (GO: 0034404); purine (PTHR11911: SF111) ribonucleoside triphosphate biosynthetic process (GO: 0009206); purine ribonucleotide biosynthetic process (GO: 0009152) AT1G22400 UDP- UDP-glucosyltransferase activity intracellular GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (GO: 0035251) membrane- 85A1-RELATED bounded (PTHR11926: SF928) organelle (GO: 0043231) AT1G48320 1,4-DIHYDROXY-2- hydrolase activity, acting on ester bonds cytosol NAPHTHOYL- (GO: 0016788) (GO: 0005829) COA THIOESTERASE 1 (PTHR43240: SF5) AT1G70580 GLUTAMATE- transaminase transferase activity (GO: 0016740) cellular amino acid metabolic GLYOXYLATE (PC00216) process (GO: 0006520); AMINOTRANSFERASE 2 porphyrin-containing (PTHR11751: SF373) compound metabolic process (GO: 0006778) AT2G01490 PHYTANOYL- COA DIOXYGENASE DOMAIN- CONTAINING PROTEIN 1 (PTHR20883: SF15) AT2G26400 1,2- oxidoreductase dioxygenase activity (GO: 0051213) cellular amino acid metabolic DIHYDROXY-3- (PC00176) process (GO: 0006520); sulfur KETO-5- compound metabolic process METHYLTHIOPENTENE (GO: 0006790) DIOXYGENASE (PTHR23418: SF0) AT2G29320 SUBFAMILY dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) steroid metabolic process NOT NAMED (PC00092); (GO: 0008202); transport (PTHR42898: SF33) reductase (GO: 0006810) (PC00198) AT2G43820 UDP- UDP-glucosyltransferase activity intracellular GLYCOSYLTRANSFERASE (GO: 0035251) membrane- 74F2 bounded (PTHR11926: SF1147) organelle (GO: 0043231) AT4G13180 SUBFAMILY dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) steroid metabolic process NOT NAMED (PC00092); (GO: 0008202) (PTHR43361: SF1) reductase (PC00198) AT4G22220 IRON-SULFUR cofactor binding (GO: 0048037); iron ion cellular iron ion homeostasis cytoplasm CLUSTER binding (GO: 0005506) (GO: 0006879) (GO: 0005737) ASSEMBLY ENZYME ISCU, MITOCHONDRIAL (PTHR10093: SF8) AT5G14240 VIRAL IAP- ASSOCIATED FACTOR HOMOLOG (PTHR45809: SF3) AT5G22140 FAD/NAD(P)− dehydrogenase electron transfer activity (GO: 0009055); respiratory electron transport cytoplasm BINDING (PC00092); flavin adenine dinucleotide binding chain (GO: 0022904) (GO: 0005737) OXIDOREDUCTASE oxidase (GO: 0050660) FAMILY (PC00175); PROTEIN reductase (PTHR43735: SF14) (PC00198) AT5G40760 GLUCOSE-6- dehydrogenase oxidoreductase activity (GO: 0016491) monosaccharide metabolic PHOSPHATE 1- (PC00092) process (GO: 0005996) DEHYDROGENASE (PTHR23429: SF0) AT5G48180 NITRILE- catalytic activity (GO: 0003824); enzyme cellular nitrogen compound Cytosol SPECIFIER regulator activity (GO: 0030234) biosynthetic process (GO: 0005829); PROTEIN 5 (GO: 0044271); nucleus (PTHR47435: SF3) organonitrogen compound (GO: 0005634) biosynthetic process (GO: 1901566) AT5G47040 LON PROTEASE HOMOLOG 2, PEROXISOMAL (PTHR10046: SF24) AT3G18060 WD REPEAT- non-motor actin actin filament binding (GO: 0051015) actin filament actin filament CONTAINING binding protein depolymerization (GO: 0005884); PROTEIN 1 (PC00165) (GO: 0030042); positive cortical actin (PTHR19856: SF0) regulation of cytoskeleton cytoskeleton organization (GO: 0051495); (GO: 0030864) positive regulation of supramolecular fiber organization (GO: 1902905); regulation of actin polymerization or depolymerization (GO: 0008064) AT2G31200 ACTIN- non-motor actin actin binding (GO: 0003779); structural cellular component actin cytoskeleton DEPOLYMERIZING binding protein molecule activity (GO: 0005198) morphogenesis (GO: 0015629) FACTOR 6 (PC00165) (GO: 0032989); protein (PTHR11913: SF84) metabolic process (GO: 0019538) AT1G04860 UBIQUITIN cysteine-type endopeptidase activity protein deubiquitination SPECIFIC (GO: 0004197); thiol-dependent ubiquitin- (GO: 0016579) PEPTIDASE 45 specific protease activity (GO: 0004843) (PTHR24006: SF661) AT1G08050 T6D22.13 ion channel (PTHR10579: SF131) (PC00133); metalloprotease (PC00153) AT2G04430 MUTT/NUDIX nucleotide cofactor binding (GO: 0048037); FAMILY phosphatase nucleotide binding (GO: 0000166); PROTEIN- (PC00173) nucleotide diphosphatase activity RELATED (GO: 0004551) (PTHR13994: SF26) AT2G20190 CLIP- structural protein structural molecule activity (GO: 0005198) cell cycle (GO: 0007049) ASSOCIATED (PC00211) PROTEIN (PTHR21567: SF67) AT2G21470 SUMO- ligase (PC00142); ubiquitin-like modifier activating enzyme protein sumoylation catalytic complex ACTIVATING transfer/carrier activity (GO: 0008641) (GO: 0016925) (GO: 1902494); ENZYME protein cytoplasm SUBUNIT 2 (PC00219) (GO: 0005737); (PTHR10953: SF5) nuclear part (GO: 0044428) AT2G28450 TRNA (URACIL-5-)- METHYLTRANSFERASE HOMOLOG A (PTHR45904: SF2) AT2G32160 CARNOSINE N- S-adenosylmethionine-dependent METHYLTRANSFERASE methyltransferase activity (GO: 0008757) (PTHR12303: SF6) AT2G47110 UBIQUITIN-40S ribosomal protein ubiquitin protein ligase binding modification-dependent Cytoplasm RIBOSOMAL (PC00202) (GO: 0031625) protein catabolic process (GO: 0005737); PROTEIN S27A-2 (GO: 0019941); protein nucleus (PTHR10666: SF339) ubiquitination (GO: 0016567) (GO: 0005634) AT3G07990 SERINE serine protease peptidase activity, acting on L-amino acid proteolysis involved in CARBOXYPEPTIDASE- (PC00203) peptides (GO: 0070011); serine hydrolase cellular protein catabolic LIKE 27 activity (GO: 0017171) process (GO: 0051603) (PTHR11802: SF198) AT3G20630 UBIQUITINYL cysteine-type endopeptidase activity protein deubiquitination HYDROLASE 1 (GO: 0004197); thiol-dependent ubiquitin- (GO: 0016579) (PTHR24006: SF700) specific protease activity (GO: 0004843) AT3G23570 PROTEIN AIM2 (PTHR17630: SF44) AT3G50590 TRANSDUCIN/ Atg12 activating enzyme activity Atg1/ULK1 kinase complex Autophagosome WD40 REPEAT- (GO: 0019778); Atg12 conjugating assembly (GO: 1904745); (GO: 0005776); LIKE enzyme activity (GO: 0061651); Atg12 autophagosome assembly vacuolar SUPERFAMILY ligase activity (GO: 0061660); Atg8- (GO: 0000045); membrane PROTEIN specific protease activity (GO: 0019786) transmembrane transport (GO: 0005774) (PTHR19878: SF17) (GO: 0055085) AT3G58040 E3 UBIQUITIN- ubiquitin-protein ubiquitin protein ligase activity cytoplasm PROTEIN ligase (PC00234) (GO: 0061630) (GO: 0005737) LIGASE SINAT2 (PTHR10315: SF79) AT4G01870 TOLB PROTEIN- LIKE PROTEIN (PTHR32161: SF9) AT4G17830 ACETYLORNITHINE deacetylase DEACETYLASE (PC00087); (PTHR43808: SF3) metalloprotease (PC00153) AT4G30890 UBIQUITIN cysteine protease cysteine-type endopeptidase activity protein deubiquitination CARBOXYL- (PC00081) (GO: 0004197); thiol-dependent ubiquitin- (GO: 0016579) TERMINAL specific protease activity (GO: 0004843) HYDROLASE 10 (PTHR24006: SF687) AT5G60360 PRO- cysteine protease) cysteine-type endopeptidase activity proteolysis involved in extracellular space CATHEPSIN H PC00081); (GO: 0004197) cellular protein catabolic (GO: 0005615); (PTHR12411: SF642) protease inhibitor process (GO: 0051603) lysosome (PC00191) (GO: 0005764) AT5G60510 DEHYDRODOLICHYL acyltransferase transferase activity, transferring alkyl or alcohol metabolic process endoplasmic DIPHOSPHATE (PC00042) aryl (other than methyl) groups (GO: 0006066); isoprenoid reticulum SYNTHASE (GO: 0016765) biosynthetic process (GO: 0005783); COMPLEX (GO: 0008299); organic plasma membrane SUBUNIT hydroxy compound (GO: 0005886); DHDDS biosynthetic process vacuole (PTHR10291: SF29) (GO: 1901617); small (GO: 0005773) molecule biosynthetic process (GO: 0044283) AT5G61790 CALNEXIN 14D- calcium-binding calcium ion binding (GO: 0005509) Exocytosis (GO: 0006887); RELATED protein intracellular protein transport (PTHR11073: SF1) (PC00060); (GO: 0006886); protein chaperone folding (GO: 0006457); (PC00072) protein metabolic process (GO: 0019538) AT5G67340 U-BOX cell adhesion cytoplasm DOMAIN- molecule (GO: 0005737); CONTAINING (PC00069); nucleus PROTEIN 2 cytoskeletal (GO: 0005634) (PTHR23315: SF263) protein (PC00085); signaling molecule (PC00207); storage protein (PC00210) AT3G15610 SERINE- THREONINE KINASE RECEPTOR- ASSOCIATED PROTEIN (PTHR44156: SF3) AT3G45620 DDB1 AND G-protein GTPase activity (GO: 0003924); protein nucleobase-containing CUL4- (PC00020) binding (GO: 0005515) compound metabolic process ASSOCIATED (GO: 0006139); regulation of FACTOR 8 nucleobase-containing (PTHR15574: SF21) compound metabolic process (GO: 0019219) AT5G24710 TRANSDUCIN/ WD40 REPEAT- LIKE SUPERFAMILY PROTEIN (PTHR45521: SF2) AT3G18580 NUCLEIC ACID- DNA binding helicase activity (GO: 0004386); single- DNA biosynthetic process intracellular non-membrane- BINDING, OB- protein stranded DNA binding (GO: 0003697) (GO: 0071897); DNA- bounded organelle FOLD-LIKE (PC00009) dependent DNA replication (GO: 0043232); PROTEIN (GO: 0006261); mitochondrial mitochondrial (PTHR10302: SF16) DNA metabolic process matrix (GO: 0032042); positive (GO: 0005759) regulation of hydrolase activity (GO: 0051345) AT4G31210 DNA enzyme catalytic activity (GO: 0003824); nucleic DNA replication TOPOISOMERASE, modulator acid binding (GO: 0003676); protein (GO: 0006260); cell cycle TYPE IA, (PC00095); binding (GO: 0005515) (GO: 0007049) CORE isomerase (PTHR42785: SF1) (PC00135); nucleic acid binding (PC00171) AT2G41740 VILLIN-2 (PTHR11977: SF85) AT3G19960 MYOSIN-1- G-protein enzyme regulator activity (GO: 0030234); cellular component actin cytoskeleton RELATED modulator motor activity (GO: 0003774); protein morphogenesis (GO: 0015629); (PTHR13140: SF780) (PC00022); actin binding (GO: 0005515); structural (GO: 0032989); cytokinesis cell junction binding motor molecule activity(GO: 0005198) (GO: 0000910); intracellular (GO: 0030054); protein protein transport plasma membrane (PC00040); cell (GO: 0006886); intracellular (GO: 0005886) junction protein signal transduction (PC00070) (GO: 0035556); movement of cell or subcellular component (GO: 0006928); vesicle- mediated transport (GO: 0016192) AT1G27970 NUCLEAR nucleocytoplasmic transport nuclear pore TRANSPORT (GO: 0006913) central transport FACTOR 2B channel (PTHR12612: SF31) (GO: 0044613); plasma membrane (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT3G06720 IMPORTIN nuclear localization sequence binding NLS-bearing protein import cytosol SUBUNIT (GO: 0008139); protein transporter activity into nucleus (GO: 006607) (GO: 0005829); ALPHA- (GO: 0008565) nuclear pore RELATED (GO: 0005643); (PTHR23316: SF70) nucleoplasm (GO: 0005654); plasma membrane (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT1G59610 DYNAMIN-2B hydrolase GTPase activity (GO: 0003924); mitochondrial fission cytoplasm (PTHR11566: SF158) (PC00121); microtubule binding (GO: 0008017) (GO: 0000266) (GO: 0005737) microtubule family cytoskeletal protein (PC00157); small GTPase (PC00208) AT3G13870 PROTEIN SEY1 GTPase activity (GO: 0003924) endoplasmic reticulum endoplasmic (PTHR45923: SF2) organization (GO: 0007029); reticulum organelle membrane fusion (GO: 0005783); (GO: 0090174) plasma membrane (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT5G24520 PROTEIN Nucleus TRANSPARENT (GO: 0005634) TESTA GLABRA 1 (PTHR19919: SF10) AT1G07140 RAN-BINDING G-protein GTPase activator activity (GO: 0005096); nuclear pore PROTEIN 1 modulator GTPase activity (GO: 0003924); Ras (GO: 0005643); HOMOLOG A (PC00022) GTPase binding (GO: 0017016) plasma membrane (PTHR23138: SF133) (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT3G19870 AP-5 COMPLEX endosomal transport cytoplasmic part SUBUNIT (GO: 0016197) (GO: 0044444); BETA-1 membrane protein (PTHR34033: SF1) complex (GO: 0098796) AT3G28710 V-TYPE ATP synthase ATPase activity, coupled to vacuolar acidification lysosomal PROTON (PC00002); transmembrane movement of substances (GO: 0007035); vacuolar membrane ATPASE hydrolase (GO: 0042626); proton transmembrane transport (GO: 0007034) (GO: 0005765); SUBUNIT D 1 (PC00121) transporter activity (GO: 0015078) proton- (PTHR11028: SF0) transporting two- sector ATPase complex (GO: 0016469) AT5G05000 GTP-BINDING PROTEIN A (PTHR10903: SF65) AT5G54750 TRAFFICKING GDP binding (GO: 0019003); GTP binding ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated TRAPP complex PROTEIN (GO: 0005525); Rab guanyl-nucleotide transport (GO: 0006888); (GO: 0030008); PARTICLE exchange factor activity (GO: 0017112) intra-Golgi vesicle-mediated bounding COMPLEX transport (GO: 0006891) membrane of SUBUNIT organelle (PTHR13048: SF0) (GO: 0098588); cis-Golgi network (GO: 0005801); cytosol (GO: 0005829); plasma membrane (GO: 0005886); vacuole (GO: 0005773) AT1G01100 60S ACIDIC RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN P1-1- RELATED (PTHR45696: SF16) AT3G61240 DEAD-BOX ATP- DEPENDENT RNA HELICASE 12 (PTHR24031: SF615) AT5G64150 SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED (PTHR47441: SF3) AT1G12920 EUKARYOTIC translation release mRNA binding (GO: 0003729) cytoplasmic translation cytosol PEPTIDE CHAIN factor (PC00225) (GO: 00002181); formation of (GO: 0005829); RELEASE translation initiation ternary protein-containing FACTOR complex (GO: 00001677); complex SUBUNIT 1-2 translational elongation (GO: 0032991) (PTHR10113: SF31) (GO: 00006414); translational termination (GO: 0006415) AT3G62870 60S ribosomal protein RNA binding (GO: 0003723) maturation of LSU-rRNA cytosolic large RIBOSOMAL (PC00202) (GO: 0000470) ribosomal subunit PROTEIN L7A- (GO: 0022625) 1-RELATED (PTHR23105: SF122) AT2G16360 RIBOSOMAL PROTEIN S25 (PTHR12850: SF5) AT2G31060 ELONGATION G-protein GTPase activity (GO: 0003924) cytosol FACTOR (PC00020); (GO: 0005829); FAMILY hydrolase ribonucleoprotein PROTEIN (PC00121); complex (PTHR42908: SF8) translation (GO: 1990904) elongation factor (PC00222); translation initiation factor (PC00224) AT1G27900 PRE-MRNA- RNA helicase ATP-dependent helicase activity mRNA splicing, via SPLICING (PC00032) (GO: 0008026); RNA binding spliceosome (GO: 0000398) FACTOR ATP- (GO: 0003723); catalytic activity, acting DEPENDENT on RNA (GO: 0140098) RNA HELICASE DEAH4- RELATED (PTHR18934: SF131) AT2G43410 FLOWERING TIME CONTROL PROTEIN FPA (PTHR23189: SF45) AT3G62310 DHX15 RNA helicase ATP-dependent helicase activity ORTHOLOG, (PC00032) (GO: 0008026); RNA binding ISOFORM A (GO: 0003723); catalytic activity, acting (PTHR18934: SF109) on RNA (GO: 0140098) AT4G09730 ATP- DEPENDENT RNA HELICASE DDX28- RELATED (PTHR24031: SF421) AT5G62190 DEAD (ASP- GLU-ALA-ASP) BOX HELICASE 21 (PTHR24031: SF346) AT1G60095 JACALIN- RELATED LECTIN 16- RELATED (PTHR47293: SF11) AT1G74940 KINASE, PUTATIVE (DUF581)- RELATED (PTHR47208: SF7) AT2G20010 GLS PROTEIN (DUF810) (PTHR31280: SF16) AT2G28620 KINESIN-LKE microtubule ATP-dependent microtubule motor microtubule-based movement microtubule PROTEIN KIN-5A binding motor activity, plus-end-directed (GO: 0008574); (GO: 0007018) associated (PTHR24115: SF885) protein microtubule binding (GO: 0008017) complex (PC00156) (GO: 0005875); microtubule (GO: 0005874) AT2G30500 PROTEIN NETWORKED 4B (PTHR32258: SF3) AT3G14075 SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED (PTHR46023: SF5) AT3G28510 SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED (PTHR23070: SF88) AT3G28540 BCS1 AAA- TYPE ATPASE (PTHR23070: SF92) AT3G47630 PHOSPHATIDATE CYTIDYLYLTRANSFERASE, MITOCHONDRIAL (PTHR13619: SF0) AT3G53470 2,3-BISPHOSPHOGLYCERATE- INDEPENDENT PHOSPHOGLYCERATE MUTASE (PTHR36043: SF1) AT4G10120 SUCROSE- PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE 4- RELATED (PTHR46039: SF1) AT5G17760 SUBFAMILY NOT NAMED (PTHR23070: SF121) AT5G36225 AT5G51830 FRUCTOKINASE- carbohydrate carbohydrate kinase activity hexose metabolic process cytosol 7-RELATED kinase (GO: 0019200); phosphotransferase (GO: 0019318) (GO: 0005829) (PTHR43085: SF7) (PC00065); activity, alcohol group as acceptor nucleotide kinase (GO: 0016773) (PC00172)

    GO-Biological Process

    [0166]

    TABLE-US-00008 Enrichment Genes in Total Functional FDR list genes Category Genes 2.34E−11 35 1284 Response to biotic AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT3G44480 AT3G52430 stimulus AT4G26070 AT1G02450 AT2G14610 AT1G02930 AT1G05010 AT2G03440 AT3G01290 AT3G11340 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G50930 AT4G31500 AT4G34135 AT4G37990 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G24530 AT2G17265 AT1G51660 AT2G14560 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G14840 AT3G48990 AT4G13350 AT4G16950 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 2.34E−11 35 1271 Response to external AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT3G44480 AT3G52430 biotic stimulus AT4G26070 AT1G02450 AT1G02930 AT1G05010 AT2G03440 AT2G14610 AT3G01290 AT3G11340 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G50930 AT4G31500 AT4G34135 AT4G37990 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G24530 AT2G17265 AT1G51660 AT2G14560 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G14840 AT3G48990 AT4G13350 AT4G16950 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 2.34E−11 35 1271 Response to other AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT3G44480 AT3G52430 organism AT4G26070 AT1G02450 AT1G02930 AT1G05010 AT2G03440 AT2G14610 AT3G01290 AT3G11340 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G50930 AT4G31500 AT4G34135 AT4G37990 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G24530 AT2G17265 AT1G51660 AT2G14560 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G14840 AT3G48990 AT4G13350 AT4G16950 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 2.70E−11 40 1702 Response to external AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT3G44480 AT3G52430 stimulus AT4G26070 AT1G02450 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT5G14250 AT1G02930 AT1G05010 AT1G78380 AT2G03440 AT2G14610 AT3G01290 AT3G11340 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G50930 AT4G31500 AT4G34135 AT4G37990 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G24530 AT5G57560 AT2G17265 AT1G51660 AT2G14560 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G14840 AT3G48990 AT4G13350 AT4G16950 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 3.28E−11 60 3648 Response to stress AT1G05010 AT1G16890 AT1G51660 AT1G60140 AT2G29570 AT2G30110 AT2G37710 AT3G12580 AT3G14890 AT4G15802 AT4G26070 AT4G26120 AT5G02490 AT5G35530 AT5G44070 AT5G45110 AT5G50340 AT1G02930 AT1G02450 AT1G63460 AT2G03440 AT2G14610 AT2G17265 AT2G26560 AT3G07930 AT3G11340 AT3G26830 AT3G44480 AT3G48090 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT4G05420 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G21100 AT5G24530 AT5G45510 AT5G48620 AT1G04980 AT1G54100 AT1G55450 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT2G24850 AT3G19420 AT4G31500 AT4G37760 AT4G39090 AT5G03630 AT5G10450 AT5G18170 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G57560 AT2G14560 AT3G06010 AT3G09350 AT3G14840 AT5G54310 7.11E−10 21 502 Response to AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT3G52430 AT4G26070 bacterium AT1G02930 AT2G03440 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G50930 AT4G31500 AT4G37990 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G24530 AT2G17265 AT1G02450 AT3G48090 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 3.71E−09 38 1846 Multi-organism AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT3G44480 AT3G52430 process AT4G26070 AT1G02450 AT1G02930 AT1G05010 AT2G03440 AT2G14610 AT3G01290 AT3G11340 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G50930 AT4G31500 AT4G34135 AT4G37990 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G24530 AT2G17265 AT1G51660 AT2G14560 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT2G34480 AT3G14840 AT3G18520 AT3G48990 AT4G13350 AT4G16950 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 AT5G57800 3.20E−07 31 1514 Defense response AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT4G26070 AT1G02450 AT1G02930 AT1G05010 AT1G51660 AT2G03440 AT2G14610 AT2G17265 AT2G26560 AT3G11340 AT3G26830 AT3G44480 AT3G48090 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT5G24530 AT5G45510 AT5G48620 AT4G31500 AT5G10450 AT2G14560 AT3G14840 AT4G39090 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 6.24E−07 17 485 Response to metal AT1G05010 AT5G44070 AT1G02930 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 ion AT2G21790 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G12580 AT3G48990 AT5G02490 AT5G03630 AT5G10450 AT5G18170 AT5G51830 AT1G16890 AT3G43810 6.24E−07 25 1058 Cellular response to AT1G05010 AT1G16890 AT1G51660 AT1G60140 AT2G29570 stress AT2G30110 AT3G12580 AT3G14890 AT4G15802 AT4G26070 AT5G02490 AT5G35530 AT5G50340 AT3G07930 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT5G48620 AT1G04980 AT1G78380 AT2G26560 AT3G48090 AT4G31500 AT5G44070 6.24E−07 47 3184 Cellular response to AT1G05010 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G51660 AT1G60140 stimulus AT2G16600 AT2G29570 AT2G30110 AT3G12580 AT3G14890 AT3G43810 AT4G15802 AT4G26070 AT4G26120 AT5G02490 AT5G35530 AT5G44070 AT5G45110 AT5G50340 AT3G52430 AT1G01960 AT1G08420 AT1G48210 AT1G63460 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT1G78380 AT2G03440 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G07930 AT3G44480 AT3G50930 AT4G02510 AT4G05420 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G21100 AT5G14250 AT5G41750 AT5G48620 AT1G04980 AT2G26560 AT2G37970 AT3G48090 AT4G31500 AT5G10450 7.29E−07 24 995 Response to AT1G05010 AT5G44070 AT4G26070 AT1G02930 AT1G54100 inorganic substance AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT2G14610 AT2G21790 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT3G48990 AT5G02490 AT5G03630 AT5G10450 AT5G18170 AT5G49570 AT5G51830 AT3G48090 AT1G16890 AT3G06010 AT3G43810 1.01E−06 15 385 Innate immune AT1G02450 AT1G51660 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT4G26070 response AT5G48620 AT2G14610 AT2G26560 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT4G31500 AT5G45110 AT3G14840 AT3G44480 AT4G16950 1.12E−06 24 1026 Defense response to AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT4G26070 AT1G02450 other organism AT1G02930 AT2G14610 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G52430 AT4G31500 AT5G10450 AT1G51660 AT2G03440 AT2G14560 AT2G26560 AT3G14840 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT4G16950 AT4G39090 AT5G24530 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 1.15E−06 15 393 Immune response AT1G02450 AT1G51660 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT4G26070 AT5G48620 AT2G14610 AT2G26560 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT4G31500 AT5G45110 AT3G14840 AT3G44480 AT4G16950 1.30E−06 11 190 Defense response, AT1G02450 AT2G14610 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G52430 incompatible AT4G26070 AT5G45110 AT1G51660 AT3G14840 AT3G44480 interaction AT4G16950 1.58E−06 14 348 Response to AT5G44070 AT1G02930 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT2G21790 cadmium ion AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT3G12580 AT3G48990 AT5G02490 AT5G03630 AT5G10450 AT5G18170 AT5G51830 2.89E−06 15 430 Immune system AT1G02450 AT1G51660 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT4G26070 process AT5G48620 AT2G14610 AT2G26560 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT4G31500 AT5G45110 AT3G14840 AT3G44480 AT4G16950 2.89E−06 45 3194 Response to AT1G05010 AT2G16600 AT3G12580 AT4G26120 AT5G02490 chemical AT5G44070 AT5G45110 AT1G16350 AT1G59610 AT3G48990 AT3G52430 AT4G26070 AT1G02930 AT1G08420 AT1G63460 AT1G78380 AT2G03440 AT1G54100 AT1G74940 AT1G76680 AT2G14560 AT2G14610 AT2G21790 AT2G24850 AT2G26560 AT2G30110 AT2G37710 AT3G26830 AT3G50930 AT4G13180 AT4G33050 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G10450 AT5G18170 AT5G24520 AT5G24530 AT5G49570 AT5G51830 AT5G57560 AT3G48090 AT1G16890 AT2G02560 AT3G06010 AT3G43810 2.89E−06 15 431 Defense response to AT2G37710 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT4G26070 AT1G02930 bacterium AT4G31500 AT5G10450 AT1G02450 AT2G03440 AT3G48090 AT3G52430 AT4G39090 AT5G24530 AT5G44070 AT5G54310 1.07E−05 34 2150 Response to abiotic AT1G05010 AT2G16600 AT3G07930 AT3G12580 AT4G15802 stimulus AT5G02490 AT2G03440 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT5G14250 AT1G02930 AT1G54100 AT1G55450 AT1G78380 AT2G14610 AT2G26560 AT3G19420 AT3G26830 AT3G50930 AT4G39090 AT5G03630 AT5G18170 AT5G35530 AT5G43060 AT5G57560 AT5G10450 AT2G37970 AT3G06010 AT3G09350 AT3G43810 AT3G48090 AT3G52430 AT4G26070 AT4G31500 5.44E−05 15 548 Proteolysis involved AT2G47110 AT3G07990 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT4G39090 in cellular protein AT5G14250 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G60360 AT1G16890 catabolic process AT1G04860 AT3G20630 AT3G58040 AT4G30890 AT5G47040 6.36E−05 15 557 Cellular protein AT2G47110 AT3G07990 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT4G39090 catabolic process AT5G14250 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G60360 AT1G16890 AT1G04860 AT3G20630 AT3G58040 AT4G30890 AT5G47040 7.62E−05 19 886 Organonitrogen AT2G47110 AT3G07990 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT4G39090 compound catabolic AT5G14250 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G60360 AT1G16890 process AT5G48180 AT1G04860 AT1G70580 AT3G20630 AT3G58040 AT4G30890 AT5G47040 AT5G10450 AT5G44070 7.92E−05 16 647 Protein catabolic AT2G47110 AT3G07990 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT4G39090 process AT5G14250 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G60360 AT1G16890 AT1G04860 AT3G20630 AT3G58040 AT4G30890 AT5G47040 AT5G10450 0.00011708 12 378 Response to organic AT2G16600 AT3G52430 AT1G08420 AT1G76680 AT2G14560 cyclic compound AT2G14610 AT2G37710 AT5G24530 AT5G49570 AT5G57560 AT3G50930 AT5G10450 0.00011827 28 1779 Response to oxygen- AT1G05010 AT2G16600 AT4G26120 AT5G45110 AT1G59610 containing AT3G52430 AT4G26070 AT1G08420 AT2G03440 AT1G02930 compound AT1G54100 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT2G14560 AT2G14610 AT2G24850 AT2G37710 AT3G12580 AT3G26830 AT4G33050 AT4G37760 AT5G24530 AT5G49570 AT5G57560 AT3G48090 AT3G06010 AT3G50930 AT5G10450 0.00022335 16 709 Cellular AT1G68200 AT2G47110 AT3G07990 AT4G05420 AT4G21100 macromolecule AT4G39090 AT5G14250 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G60360 catabolic process AT1G16890 AT1G04860 AT3G20630 AT3G58040 AT4G30890 AT5G47040 0.00022852 6 79 Systemic acquired AT1G02450 AT2G14610 AT3G26830 AT3G48090 AT3G52430 resistance AT5G45110 0.00028608 3 8 Leaf abscission AT3G48090 AT3G52430 AT5G54310

    GO-Molecular Function

    [0167]

    TABLE-US-00009 Enrichment Genes in Total Functional FDR list genes Category Genes 5.98E−12 59 3379 Small molecule AT2G04430 AT3G09350 AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 binding AT5G05000 AT5G22140 AT1G76680 AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT5G45110 AT1G05010 AT1G16350 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G70580 AT1G72910 AT2G01490 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G24850 AT2G28620 AT2G29720 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G17760 AT5G40760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 1.02E−11 58 3370 Anion binding AT1G02930 AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 AT5G22140 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT3G19420 AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT5G45110 AT1G05010 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G70580 AT1G72910 AT2G01490 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G24850 AT2G28620 AT2G29720 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 7.71E−11 54 3169 Nucleotide binding AT2G04430 AT3G09350 AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 AT5G22140 AT1G76680 AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT1G16350 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G29720 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G17760 AT5G40760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 7.71E−11 54 3169 Nucleoside AT2G04430 AT3G09350 AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 phosphate binding AT5G05000 AT5G22140 AT1G76680 AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT1G16350 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G29720 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G17760 AT5G40760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 1.44E−08 47 2894 Carbohydrate AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 AT1G02930 derivative binding AT1G76680 AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 1.92E−08 46 2830 Purine nucleotide AT3G09350 AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 binding AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 2.12E−08 46 2852 Ribonucleotide AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 AT1G76680 binding AT4G13350 AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 4.36E−08 45 2823 Purine AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 AT4G13350 ribonucleotide AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 binding AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 5.02E−08 25 987 Pyrophosphatase AT1G27900 AT1G59610 AT2G04430 AT2G28620 AT2G31060 activity AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G28710 AT3G62310 AT5G02490 AT4G09730 AT4G13350 AT5G44070 AT3G06010 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT5G17760 AT5G47040 AT5G50340 AT5G62190 AT4G02510 AT5G05000 5.42E−08 25 996 Hydrolase activity, AT1G27900 AT1G59610 AT2G04430 AT2G28620 AT2G31060 acting on acid AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G28710 AT3G62310 AT5G02490 anhydrides, in AT4G09730 AT4G13350 AT5G44070 AT3G06010 AT3G19960 phosphorus- AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT5G17760 containing AT5G47040 AT5G50340 AT5G62190 AT4G02510 AT5G05000 anhydrides 5.67E−08 25 1003 Hydrolase activity, AT1G27900 AT1G59610 AT2G04430 AT2G28620 AT2G31060 acting on acid AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G28710 AT3G62310 AT5G02490 anhydrides AT4G09730 AT4G13350 AT5G44070 AT3G06010 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT4G02510 AT5G17760 AT5G47040 AT5G50340 AT5G62190 AT5G05000 5.91E−08 24 932 Nucleoside- AT1G27900 AT1G59610 AT2G28620 AT2G31060 AT3G12580 triphosphatase AT3G13870 AT3G28710 AT3G62310 AT5G02490 AT4G09730 activity AT4G13350 AT5G44070 AT3G06010 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT5G17760 AT5G47040 AT5G50340 AT5G62190 AT4G02510 AT5G05000 4.60E−07 40 2556 Adenyl nucleotide AT3G09350 AT3G12580 AT5G02490 AT5G18170 AT1G16890 binding AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 6.17E−07 40 2592 Drug binding AT2G16600 AT3G12580 AT5G02490 AT1G02930 AT5G18170 AT5G45110 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G70580 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G24850 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G37710 AT3G06010 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 6.17E−07 41 2704 Purine AT3G12580 AT4G02510 AT5G02490 AT5G05000 AT4G13350 ribonucleoside AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 triphosphate AT1G51660 AT1G59610 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 binding AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G31060 AT2G37710 AT3G06010 AT3G13870 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 1.07E−06 39 2550 Adenyl AT3G12580 AT5G02490 AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 ribonucleotide AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT1G66090 AT1G72910 binding AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G37710 AT3G04210 AT3G06010 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 3.02E−06 48 3682 Hydrolase activity AT1G04860 AT1G27900 AT1G48320 AT1G59610 AT1G60140 AT2G04430 AT2G26560 AT2G28620 AT2G31060 AT3G07990 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G14890 AT3G20630 AT3G28710 AT3G62310 AT4G30890 AT4G39090 AT5G02490 AT5G35530 AT5G43060 AT5G49570 AT5G60360 AT3G19420 AT4G09730 AT4G13350 AT4G17830 AT5G44070 AT1G08420 AT3G06010 AT3G07930 AT3G14075 AT3G18520 AT3G19960 AT3G23570 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G48090 AT3G50930 AT3G52430 AT3G61240 AT4G02510 AT5G05000 AT5G17760 AT5G47040 AT5G50340 AT5G57560 AT5G62190 2.10E−05 35 2433 ATP binding AT3G12580 AT5G02490 AT5G18170 AT1G16890 AT1G21210 AT1G27900 AT1G48210 AT1G51660 AT2G17265 AT2G21470 AT2G21790 AT2G28620 AT2G30110 AT2G37710 AT3G06010 AT3G14840 AT3G19960 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G44480 AT3G48990 AT3G50930 AT3G61240 AT3G62310 AT4G09730 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT4G26070 AT5G17760 AT5G45510 AT5G47040 AT5G48620 AT5G50340 AT5G51830 AT5G62190 2.69E−05 9 187 ADP binding AT1G66090 AT1G72910 AT3G04210 AT3G44480 AT4G16950 AT4G19510 AT5G41750 AT5G45510 AT5G48620 4.67E−05 6 70 Cysteine-type AT1G04860 AT3G20630 AT4G30890 AT4G39090 AT5G43060 endopeptidase AT5G60360 activity 0.000128775 14 572 ATPase activity AT1G27900 AT2G28620 AT3G12580 AT3G28710 AT3G62310 AT5G02490 AT4G09730 AT5G44070 AT3G28510 AT3G28540 AT3G50930 AT5G17760 AT5G47040 AT5G50340 0.000993086 2 3 Salicylic acid AT2G43820 AT3G11340 glucosyltransferase (glucoside- forming) activity 0.002003836 11 487 Coenzyme binding AT2G04430 AT5G22140 AT1G76680 AT1G05010 AT1G70580 AT2G01490 AT2G24850 AT2G29720 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G40760 0.00204287 18 1137 Cofactor binding AT1G02930 AT2G04430 AT2G37970 AT4G22220 AT5G22140 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT1G05010 AT1G11680 AT1G70580 AT2G01490 AT2G24850 AT2G29720 AT3G26830 AT4G31500 AT4G37760 AT5G03630 AT5G40760 0.003109677 4 56 Damaged DNA AT4G05420 AT4G21100 AT5G35530 AT5G50340 binding 0.003322351 6 157 Cysteine-type AT1G04860 AT3G20630 AT4G30890 AT4G39090 AT5G43060 peptidase activity AT5G60360 0.004086777 8 299 Cytoskeletal AT1G59610 AT2G28620 AT2G30500 AT3G18060 AT2G20190 protein binding AT2G31200 AT2G41740 AT3G19960 0.004097246 4 62 Actin filament AT2G30500 AT3G18060 AT2G41740 AT3G19960 binding 0.00421146 22 1664 Oxidoreductase AT1G05010 AT1G11680 AT1G16350 AT1G54100 AT1G63460 activity AT1G76680 AT2G21790 AT2G26400 AT3G26830 AT4G31500 AT4G37760 AT4G37990 AT5G22140 AT5G24530 AT5G57800 AT5G18170 AT5G40760 AT1G78380 AT2G01490 AT2G29320 AT2G29720 AT5G03630 0.005459598 5 118 Actin binding AT2G30500 AT3G18060 AT2G31200 AT2G41740 AT3G19960

    GO-Cellular Component

    [0168]

    TABLE-US-00010 Enrichment Genes in Total Functional FDR list genes Category Genes 6.25E−16 54 2350 Cytosol AT1G01100 AT1G01960 AT1G12920 AT1G60140 AT1G63460 AT1G68200 AT2G16600 AT2G21790 AT2G31060 AT2G34480 AT3G06720 AT3G62870 AT4G13350 AT4G15802 AT5G35530 AT5G48180 AT5G49570 AT5G51830 AT5G54750 AT1G02930 AT1G16350 AT1G16890 AT1G27970 AT1G54100 AT1G59610 AT1G74940 AT1G76680 AT1G78380 AT2G02560 AT2G21470 AT2G30110 AT2G43820 AT2G47110 AT3G12580 AT3G15610 AT3G18060 AT3G19420 AT3G20630 AT3G23570 AT3G62310 AT4G02510 AT4G05420 AT4G17830 AT5G02490 AT5G03630 AT5G10450 AT5G14250 AT5G40760 AT5G43060 AT5G44070 AT5G45510 AT5G54310 AT4G22220 AT2G04430 0.00025932 40 3155 Plasma membrane AT1G11680 AT1G21210 AT1G48210 AT2G16600 AT2G37710 AT3G14840 AT3G51250 AT1G01100 AT1G08050 AT1G08420 AT1G12920 AT1G16890 AT1G27970 AT1G59610 AT1G78380 AT2G01490 AT2G02560 AT2G20190 AT2G30110 AT2G34480 AT2G37970 AT3G01290 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G19960 AT3G28710 AT3G44480 AT3G50590 AT4G10120 AT4G31500 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G17760 AT5G22140 AT5G24710 AT5G45500 AT5G45510 AT5G48620 AT5G57800 AT5G61790 0.00025932 46 3832 Cell periphery AT1G11680 AT1G21210 AT1G48210 AT2G16600 AT2G37710 AT3G14840 AT3G18060 AT3G51250 AT1G01100 AT1G02930 AT1G04980 AT1G08050 AT1G08420 AT1G12920 AT1G16890 AT1G27970 AT1G59610 AT1G78380 AT2G01490 AT2G02560 AT2G14610 AT2G20190 AT2G30110 AT2G34480 AT2G37970 AT3G01290 AT3G06720 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G19960 AT3G28710 AT3G44480 AT3G50590 AT4G10120 AT4G31500 AT5G02490 AT5G10450 AT5G17760 AT5G22140 AT5G24710 AT5G45500 AT5G45510 AT5G48620 AT5G57560 AT5G57800 AT5G61790 0.001804845 30 2283 Endomembrane AT1G01960 AT1G07140 AT1G11680 AT1G27970 AT2G16600 system AT3G06720 AT3G09350 AT3G13870 AT4G37760 AT5G54750 AT5G57800 AT5G60510 AT1G04980 AT2G37970 AT2G47110 AT3G12580 AT3G19960 AT3G26830 AT3G28510 AT3G28710 AT3G44480 AT4G15802 AT4G31500 AT5G02490 AT5G22140 AT5G43060 AT5G54310 AT5G57560 AT5G61790 AT3G48090 0.00713953 4 53 Lysosome AT3G28710 AT4G39090 AT5G43060 AT5G60360 0.007355789 4 56 Lytic vacuole AT3G28710 AT4G39090 AT5G43060 AT5G60360 0.013389304 17 1155 Vacuole AT2G16600 AT2G30500 AT3G28710 AT3G50590 AT4G39090 AT5G43060 AT5G60360 AT1G02930 AT1G59610 AT1G78380 AT2G34480 AT2G37970 AT3G01290 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G62870 AT5G61790 0.017117105 16 1090 Endoplasmic AT1G11680 AT3G09350 AT3G13870 AT4G37760 AT5G57800 reticulum AT5G60510 AT1G04980 AT3G19960 AT3G26830 AT3G28510 AT3G44480 AT4G31500 AT5G43060 AT5G61790 AT3G48090 AT5G54750 0.0184581 15 1036 Cell-cell junction AT1G02930 AT1G59610 AT2G16600 AT2G20190 AT2G21470 AT2G30110 AT3G01290 AT3G14840 AT3G28710 AT3G48990 AT3G51250 AT5G22140 AT5G35530 AT5G61790 AT3G19960 0.0184581 15 1036 Plasmodesma AT1G02930 AT1G59610 AT2G16600 AT2G20190 AT2G21470 AT2G30110 AT3G01290 AT3G14840 AT3G28710 AT3G48990 AT3G51250 AT5G22140 AT5G35530 AT5G61790 AT3G19960 0.0184581 15 1036 Cell junction AT1G02930 AT1G59610 AT2G16600 AT2G20190 AT2G21470 AT2G30110 AT3G01290 AT3G14840 AT3G28710 AT3G48990 AT3G51250 AT5G22140 AT5G35530 AT5G61790 AT3G19960 0.0184581 15 1036 Symplast AT1G02930 AT1G59610 AT2G16600 AT2G20190 AT2G21470 AT2G30110 AT3G01290 AT3G14840 AT3G28710 AT3G48990 AT3G51250 AT5G22140 AT5G35530 AT5G61790 AT3G19960 0.026223194 11 674 Vacuolar AT2G16600 AT2G30500 AT3G28710 AT3G50590 AT1G78380 membrane AT2G34480 AT3G01290 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G62870 AT5G61790 0.026223194 11 676 Vacuolar part AT2G16600 AT2G30500 AT3G28710 AT3G50590 AT1G78380 AT2G34480 AT3G01290 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G62870 AT5G61790 0.030339255 15 1155 Golgi apparatus AT1G01960 AT2G16600 AT5G54750 AT1G11680 AT2G37970 AT2G47110 AT3G12580 AT3G28710 AT3G44480 AT4G15802 AT5G02490 AT5G22140 AT5G54310 AT5G57560 AT3G13870 0.030339255 8 424 Cytoskeleton AT1G07140 AT2G28620 AT3G18060 AT2G20190 AT1G59610 AT2G31200 AT2G41740 AT3G19960 0.030339255 3 56 Actin cytoskeleton AT3G18060 AT2G31200 AT3G19960 0.030339255 21 1852 Non-membrane- AT1G01100 AT1G07140 AT2G28620 AT2G34480 AT3G18060 bounded organelle AT3G18580 AT3G62870 AT5G35530 AT2G20190 AT2G43410 AT2G47110 AT3G06720 AT3G62310 AT5G62190 AT1G59610 AT2G16360 AT2G31200 AT2G41740 AT3G19960 AT3G61240 AT4G31210 0.030339255 21 1852 Intracellular non- AT1G01100 AT1G07140 AT2G28620 AT2G34480 AT3G18060 membrane- AT3G18580 AT3G62870 AT5G35530 AT2G20190 AT2G43410 bounded organelle AT2G47110 AT3G06720 AT3G62310 AT5G62190 AT1G59610 AT2G16360 AT2G31200 AT2G41740 AT3G19960 AT3G61240 AT4G31210 0.030339255 14 1029 Whole membrane AT2G16600 AT2G30500 AT3G28710 AT3G50590 AT4G02510 AT1G78380 AT2G34480 AT3G01290 AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G50930 AT3G62870 AT5G05000 AT5G61790 0.032406858 17 1400 Bounding AT2G16600 AT2G30500 AT3G28710 AT3G50590 AT4G02510 membrane of AT5G54750 AT1G01960 AT1G78380 AT2G34480 AT3G01290 organelle AT3G12580 AT3G13870 AT3G44480 AT3G50930 AT3G62870 AT5G05000 AT5G61790 0.038070656 3 65 Nuclear pore AT1G07140 AT1G27970 AT3G06720

    TABLE-US-00011 TABLE 6 List of Primers Used in this Study. SEQ Name Sequence (5′-3′) ID NO Use AtNPR1 primers NPR1-C-FB1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 35 Truncation variants ATGGACACCACCATTGATGGATTC ANK-F630-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 36 Truncation variants ATGATATGTGGTAAAGCTTGTATGAAG NPR1-R630-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCAT 37 Truncation variants TAGCAAGCTTGAGTATAACCAATG N1-ANK-F688-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 38 Truncation variants ATGTCTAATGTAGATATGGTTAGTCT N1-ANK-R1080B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCCA 39 Truncation variants AAGTTGCTTCTGATGCACTTG N1-F1021-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 40 Truncation variants GAGCCACAATTGATACTATCTCTATTGG NPR1-R-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTCCC 41 Truncation variants GACGACGATGAGAGAG Nde-GST-F4 CATACATATGTCCCCTATACTAGGTTATTGGA 42 GST/GST-NPR1/sim3 AAATTAAG for DUET vector Avr-GST-R657 CATACCTAGGTCATTTTGGAGGATGGTCGCCA 43 GSTfor DUET vector CCAC Avr-N1-R630 CATACCTAGGTCAATTAGCAAGCTTGAGTATA 44 GST-NPR1/sim3 for ACCAATG DUET vecotr N1-R432K-F GACGCTGCTCGATCTTGAAAATAAAGTTGCAC 45 nim1-4 mutagenesis TTGC N1-R432K-R GCAAGTGCAACTTTATTTTCAAGATCGAGCAG 46 nim1-4 mutagenesis CGTC rdr1 (C150/155/156/160A) C150A-F GCCGCCTAAAGGAGTTTCTGAAGCTGCAGACG 47 RDR1 site-directed AGAAT mutagenesis C150A-R ATTCTCGTCTGCAGCTTCAGAAACTCCTTTAG 48 RDR1 site-directed GCGGC mutagenesis C155/156/160A-F GTTTCTGAAGCTGCAGACGAGAATGCGGCTCA 49 RDR1 site-directed CGTGGCTGCTCGGCCGGCGGTGGATTT mutagenesis C155/156/160A-R AAATCCACCGCCGGCCGAGCAGCCACGTGAG 50 RDR1 site-directed CCGCATTCTCGTCTGCAGCTTCAGAAAC mutagenesis rdr2 (C378/385/394A) C378A-F GCCACTATGGCGGTTGAAGCGAATAATATCCC 51 RDR2 site-directed GGAGCAA mutagenesis C378A-R TTGCTCCGGGATATTATTCGCTTCAACCGCCAT 52 RDR2 site-directed AGTGGC mutagenesis C385A-F AATAATATCCCGGAGCAAGCTAAGCATTCTCT 53 RDR2 site-directed CAAAGGCCG mutagenesis C385A-R CGGCCTTTGAGAGAATGCTTAGCTTGCTCCGG 54 RDR2 site-directed GATATTATT mutagenesis C394A-F AAGCATTCTCTCAAAGGCCGACTAGCAGTAGA 55 RDR2 site-directed AATACTAGAGCAAGAAG mutagenesis C394A-R CTTCTTGCTCTAGTATTTCTACTGCTAGTCGGC 56 RDR2 site-directed CTTTGAGAGAATGCTT mutagenesis rdr3 (C511/521/529A) C511A-F CGGGAAACGATTCTTCCCGCGCGCATCGGCAG 57 RDR3 site-directed TGCTCGACCAGATTAT mutagenesis C511A-R ATAATCTGGTCGAGCACTGCCGATGCGCGCGG 58 RDR3 site-directed GAAGAATCGTTTCCCG mutagenesis C521A-F TGCTCGACCAGATTATGAACGCAGAGGACTTG 59 RDR3 site-directed ACTCAACTGGCT mutagenesis C521A-R AGCCAGTTGAGTCAAGTCCTCTGCGTTCATAA 60 RDR3 site-directed TCTGGTCGAGCA mutagenesis C529A-F GAGGACTTGACTCAACTGGCTGCAGGAGAAG 61 RDR3 site-directed ACGACACTGCTG mutagenesis C529A-R CAGCAGTGTCGTCTTCTCCTGCAGCCAGTTGA 62 RDR3 site-directed GTCAAGTCCTC mutagenesis AtCUL3A cloning CUL3A-F-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 63 CUL3A cloning ATGAGTAATCAGAAGAAGAGGAATTTTC C3A-SR-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTATT 64 CUL3A cloning AGGCTAGATAGCGGTAAAGTTTCC opCA-F4-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 65 opCUL3A cloning for AGCAATCAGAAGAAGCGTAACTTTC Duet vector opCA-SR-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTATT 66 opCUL3A cloning for ACGCCAGATAACGATACAGTTTGC Duet vector CUL3A-F1744 GAAACATGAACTGAACGTGTCGACTATCGAAC 67 dRBX1 mutant AGGCTACAGAAATCCC CUL3A-R1743 GGGATTTCTGTAGCCTGTTCGATAGTCGACAC 68 dRBX1 mutant GTTCAGTTCATGTTTC Nde-Myc-F4 CATACATATGGAACAGAAACTGATCTCTGAAG 69 CUL3A for DUET AAG vector Xho-opC3-R2199 CATACTCGAGTTACGCCAGATAACGATACAGT 70 CUL3AforDUET TTGC vector AtRBX1 cloning Nco-opRBX-F4 CATACCATGGTGGCGACCCTGGACAGCGATG 71 opRBX1 for DUET vector Hin-opR1-R429 CATAAAGCTTTTAGTGACCATACTTCTGAAAC 72 opRBX1 for DUET TCCCATTC vector AtUbiquitin, AtUBC8 and AtUBA1 cloning UBQ-F-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 73 Ubiquitin cloning ATGCAAATCTTCGTGAAAACACTCAC UBQ-R-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTATT 74 Ubiquitin cloning AACCACCTCTTAAACGGAGAAC Nco-HA-F4 CATACCATGGTGTACCCATACGATGTTCCAGA 75 Ubiquitin cloning for TTACG Duet vector Eco-UBQ-R231 CATAGAATTCTTAACCACCTCTTAAACGGAGA 76 Ubiquitin cloning for AC Duet vector Nco-UBC-F4 CATACCATGGTGGCTTCGAAACGGATCTTGAA 77 UBC8 cloning for GGAG Duet vector Hind-mUBC-R447 CATAAAGCTT 78 UBC8 cloning for TTAGCCCATTGCATACTTCTGAGTCCAGTTTCT Duet vector TGCAGTAG Eco-Duet-T7F CATAGAATTCGAAATTAATACGACTCACTATA 79 UBC8 cloning for GGGGAATTG Duet vector Duet-R1 GATTATGCGGCCGTGTACAA 80 UBC8 cloning for Duet vector Fse-UBA-F4 CATAGGCCGGCCACCTTCACAAGCGAGCTAGT 81 UBA1 cloning for GAAGC Duet vector Avr-UBA-R3243 CATACCTAGGTCACCTGAAGTAGATAGAGACG 82 UBA1 cloning for AGAGG Duet vector AtWRKY54/70 cloning W70-F-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 83 WRKY70-GFP/ ATGGATACTAATAAAGCAAAAAAGC mCherry cloning W70-R-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTAA 84 WRKY70-GFP/ GATAGATTCGAACATGAACTGAAG mCherry cloning Nco-FLAG-F4 CATACCATGGTGGACTACAAAGACGATGACG 85 for DUET vector ACAAA Not-W70-R CATAGCGGCCGCTTAAGATAGATTCGAACATG 86 for DUET vector AACTGAAG W54-F-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 87 WRKY54-mCherry ATGGATTCGAATAGTAACAACACGAAATC cloning W54-R-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTAC 88 WRKY54-mCherry ATAGCACTTGTTCTTTCATAATCAGC cloning AtBCS1, AtGSTU19, AtEDS1 and AtNIMIN1 cloning BC-F4-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 89 mCherry fusion GAAGGATCCAAGCTACTTCCTTGC cloning BC-R1728-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTAAT 90 mCherry fusion GTTGTTCAACCTCCTCATGTTTGGCT cloning G19-F4-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 91 mCherry fusion GCGAACGAGGTGATTCTTCTTGATTTC cloning G19-R657-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTACT 92 mCherry fusion CAGGTACAAATTTCTTCCTGAGCTC cloning EDS-F1-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 93 mCherry fusion ATGGCGTTTGAAGCTCTTACCGGA cloning EDS-R1869-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTAG 94 mCherry fusion GTATCTGTTATTTCATCCATCATATAG cloning Nc-FL-ED-F4 CATACCATGGTGGACTACAAAGACGATGACG 95 for DUET vector ACAAAGCGTTTGAAGCTCTTACCGGAATC Nt-ED-R1869 CATAGCGGCCGCTTAGGTATCTGTTATTTCATC 96 for DUET vector CATCATATAG NM1-F1-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 97 mCherry fusion ATGTATCCTAAACAATTTAGTTTATAC cloning NM1-R426-B2 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTAC 98 mCherry fusion AATGCAAGATTAAGATCTAAAGCC cloning AtPR1 promoter cloning BIF-pPR1F GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 99 dual luciferase pPR1 GTAAATTGTGTCCTATACAAAG reporter B2R-pPR1-R2367 GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTTTT 100 dual luciferase pPR1 TTCTAAGTTGATAATGGTTATTG reporter mCherry-NLScloning mCh-F-B1 GGGGACAAGTTTGTACAAAAAAGCAGGCTTA 101 mCherry-NLS cloning ATGGTGAGCAAGGGCGAGGAG NLS-mCh-R TTAATCTTCGACCTTGCGCTTCTTCTTAGGTGG 102 mCherry-NLS cloning TTCTGGTCTAGAGGATCCCTTGTACAGCTCGT CCATGC B2R-NLSR GGGGACCACTTTGTACAAGAAAGCTGGGTTTT 103 mCherry-NLS cloning AATCTTCGACCTTGCGCTTC VIGS cloning NbNPR1-TR-09 CGACGACAAGACCCTGCAAACATTTGTGGTAA 104 VIGS-NbNPR1 AGCATGC NbNPR1-TR-10 GAGGAGAAGAGCCCTGCTACAGCATAATGGA 105 VIGS-NbNPR1 GAGC Forward fusion primer for GTGTCCCACTAACCTCAATCCCCGTTCTCCC 106 VIGS-NbCUL3 Niben101Scf01326g05017 & Niben101Scf06545g03015 Reverse fusion primer for GGATTGAGGTTAGTGGGACACTCTTTCAATCT 107 VIGS-NbCUL3 Niben001Scf01326g05017 C & Niben101Scf06545g03015 LIC1 for CGACGACAAGACCCTAGACCATATCATCCACT 108 VIGS-NbCUL3 Niben001Scf01326g05017 CTAGC LIC2 for GAGGAGAAGAGCCCTGTGCATTGCATCCTGAG 109 VIGS-NbCUL3 Niben001Scf06545g03015 AAGTTTTC LIC1 for CGACGACAAGACCCTGCAAACATTTGTGGTAA 110 VIGS-NbCUL3 Niben101Scf14780g01001.1 AGCATGC LIC2 for GAGGAGAAGAGCCCTGCTACAGCATAATGGA ill VIGS-NbCUL3 Niben101Scf14780g01001.1 GAGC NbeIF4A-QF GCTTTGGTCTTGGCACCTACTC 112 qPCRon VIGS NbeIF4A-QR TGCTCGCATGACCTTTTCAA 113 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-1-QF GCCAACACAGTCCGTCACTA 114 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-1-QR TTATCGCAGACCCCCAAA 115 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-2-QF TGTGGATCCGAAATATGCTG 116 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-2-QR AACTAAGACCACTAGCGTTATGATTG 117 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-3-QF TGAGTACGCTTCTTGGACTGAT 118 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-3-QR TTCTCATCAGTCCCCGGTTA 119 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-4-QF TTCTTGGAAGAGCTGAATAGGC 120 qPCRon VIGS NbCUL3-4-QR TCAGAATATCCCGTATCATTTGC 121 qPCRon VIGS NbNPR1a-QF TGTGTGTGTTTGTGTGGACAAT 122 qPCRon VIGS NbNPR1a-QR GAACGCTACAGCTGGCCTAC 123 qPCRon VIGS NbNPR1b-QF CTTCGAAGGTTCGGTTATGC 124 qPCRon VIGS NbNPR1b-QR GCTTCTCCTAGCAGTGGATCTC 125 qPCRon VIGS NbPR1-QF GTGCCCAAAATTCTCAACAAG 126 qPCRon VIGS NbPR1-QR TTCTACACCTACATCTGCACGAG 127 qPCRon VIGS Genotyping of npr1-2, wrky54 and wrky70 mutations npr1-2-LP GATGATTTCTACAGCGACGC 128 npr1-2 mutant genotyping npr1-2-RP CCATAGCTTAATGCAGATGG 129 npr1-2 mutant genotyping WRKY54-LP TTCTTGATTCTTTTGATCCCG 130 wrky54 (SALK_017254) mutant genotyping WRKY54-RP GCTGGTGTTGTTCTCTTGCTC 131 wrky54 (SALK_017254) mutant genotyping WRKY70-LP TGATCTTCGGAATCCATGAAG 132 wrky70 (SALK_025198) mutant genotyping WRKY70-RP CAAACCACACCAAGAGGAAAG 133 wrky70 (SALK_025198) mutant genotyping

    TABLE-US-00012 TABLE 7 Key Resources Table. REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Mouse monoclonal anti-GFP (JL8) Clontech Cat. #632381; RRID: AB_2313808 Mouse monoclonal anti-RFP (6G6) Chromotek Cat. #6g6-20 Mouse monoclonal anti-Ubiquitin (P4D1) Santa Cruz Cat. #sc-8017; RRID: AB_2762364 Mouse monoclonal anti-HA BioLegend Cat. #901502; RRID: AB_2565007 Alpaca anti-GFP coupled to agarose beads (GFP- Trap_A) Chromotek Cat. #gta-10 Alpaca anti-RFP coupled to agarose beads (RFP- Trap_A) Chromotek Cat. #rta-10 Pierce ™ anti-HA coupled Magnetic Beads ThermoFisher Cat. #88837 Pierce ™ anti-DYKDDDDK coupled Magnetic Agarose ThermoFisher Cat. #A36797 Pierce ™ Glutathione Magnetic Agarose Beads ThermoFisher Cat. #78601 Mouse monoclonal anti-Baculovirus Envelope gp64 (AcV5) ThermoFisher Cat. #14-6995-82; RRID: AB 468384 Rabbit polyclonal anti-AtCUL3A PhytoAB, Cat. #PHY0978S Dieterle et al. (2005) Rabbit polyclonal anti-AtEDS1 Agrisera Cat. #AS13-2751 Rabbit polyclonal anti-AtNIMIN1 (E2374) ABclonal Cat. #WG-01110D Rabbit polyclonal anti-AtNPR1 Mou et al., 2003 N/A Mouse monoclonal anti-c-Myc (9E10) Santa Cruz Cat. #sc-40; RRID: AB_627268 Direct-Blot ™ HRP anti-DYKDDDDK Tag Antibody (anti- BioLegend Cat. #637311; FLAG) RRID: AB_2566706 Mouse monoclonal anti-β-Tubulin (F-1) Santa Cruz Cat. #sc-166729; RRID: AB_2010699 Rabbit polyclonal anti-Histone H3 Agrisera Cat. #AS10-710 Rabbit polyclonal anti-Actin Agrisera Cat. #AS13-2640 Anti-GST Antibody, HRP Conjugated GE Healthcare Cat. #RPN1236; RRID: AB_771429 Bacterial and Virus Strains Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326/AvrRpt2 Cao et al., 1994 N/A Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326/AvrRpm1 Reuber and N/A Ausbel, 1996 Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1/AvrRps4 Sohn et al., 2012 N/A Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf0-1/AvrRps4.sup.KRVY-AAAA Sohn et al., 2012 N/A Agrobacterium tumefaciens, strain GV3101 N/A N/A Escherichia coli (E. coli), strain BL21(DE3) NEB Cat. #C2527H Chemicals, Peptides, and Recombinant Proteins Sodium salicylate Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #S3007; CAS: 54-21-7 Dexamethasone Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #D1756-25MG; CAS: 50-02-2 β-Estradiol Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #E2758; CAS: 50-28-2 Methyl viologen dichloride hydrate (MV) Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #856177; CAS: 75365-73-0 Deubiquitinase (DUB) inhibitor (PR-619) Life Sensors Cat. #SI9619; CAS: 2645-32-1 N-Ethylmaleimide (NEM) Sigma-Aldrich Cat. #E3876; CAS: 128-53-0 Critical Commercial Assays Pierce ™ Silver Stain Kit ThermoFisher Cat. #24612 Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System Promega Cat. #E1910 QuikChange II Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit Agilent Cat. #200524 FastStart Universal SYBR Green Master Kit Roche Cat. #04913850001 Experimental Models: Organisms/Strains Arabidopsis: npr1-2 Cao et al., 1997 N/A Arabidopsis: sid2-2 Wildermuth N/A et al., 2001 Arabidopsis: NPR1-GFP/npr1-2 Mou et al., 2003 N/A Arabidopsis: npr1.sup.sim3-GFP/npr1-2 Saleh et al., 2015 N/A Arabidopsis: npr1.sup.□BTB-GFP/npr1-2 This paper N/A Arabidopsis: npr1.sup.sim3-GFP/Col-0 This paper N/A Arabidopsis: npr1.sup.rdr1-GFP/npr1-2 This paper N/A Arabidopsis: npr1.sup.rdr2-GFP/npr1-2 This paper N/A Arabidopsis: npr1.sup.rdr3-GFP/npr1-2 This paper N/A Arabidopsis: dex: AvrRpt2/Col-0 McNellis N/A et al., 1998 Arabidopsis: dex: AvrRpt2/rps2 Gu et al., 2016 N/A Arabidopsis: dex: AvrRpt2/npr1-2 This paper N/A Oligonucleotides Primers used in this study are listed in Table 6 This paper N/A Recombinant DNA pTRV2-NbCUL3/NbNPR1 This paper N/A pEG203-CUL3/cul3.sup.□DRBX1 This paper N/A pK7WGF2-CUL3 This paper N/A pEG204-Ubiquitin This paper N/A pEG100-mCherry-ATG8/NBR1/Ubiquitin/NLS This paper N/A pSITE-4NB-EDS1/GSTU19/BCS1/NIMIN1 This paper N/A pSITE-cEYFP-N1-NPR1 (NPR1-YC, WT and mutant This paper N/A variants) pSITE-nEYFP-C1-NPR1 (YN-NPR1) This paper N/A pSITE-cEYFP-N1-NPR1/2/3/4/5/6 (NPR1/2/3/4/5/6-YC) This paper N/A pSITE-nEYFP-C1-CUL3 (YN-CUL3) This paper N/A pK7FWG2-NPR1 (WT, mutant and truncation variants) This paper, N/A Saleh et al. (2015) pK7FWG2-NPR2/3/4/5/6 This paper N/A pLN462-NPR1 (WT, mutant and truncation variants) This paper N/A pLN462-NPR2/3/4/5/6 This paper N/A pETDuet-1: FLAG-WRKY70 + GST-NPR1/GST- This paper N/A npr1.sup.sim3/GST pETDuet-1: FLAG-EDS1 + GST-NPR1/GST This paper N/A pCDFDuet-1: HA-Ub + UBC8 + UBA1 This paper N/A pACYCDuet-1: RBX1 + Myc-CUL3 This paper N/A pCDFDuet-1: Myc-CUL3 This paper N/A pDEST15-NPR1 (WT, mutant and truncation variants) This paper, N/A Saleh et al. 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    [0251] One skilled in the art will readily appreciate that the present disclosure is well adapted to carry out the objects and obtain the ends and advantages mentioned, as well as those inherent therein. The present disclosure described herein are presently representative of preferred embodiments, are exemplary, and are not intended as limitations on the scope of the present disclosure. Changes therein and other uses will occur to those skilled in the art which are encompassed within the spirit of the present disclosure as defined by the scope of the claims.

    [0252] No admission is made that any reference, including any non-patent or patent document cited in this specification, constitutes prior art. In particular, it will be understood that, unless otherwise stated, reference to any document herein does not constitute an admission that any of these documents forms part of the common general knowledge in the art in the United States or in any other country. Any discussion of the references states what their authors assert, and the applicant reserves the right to challenge the accuracy and pertinence of any of the documents cited herein. All references cited herein are fully incorporated by reference, unless explicitly indicated otherwise. The present disclosure shall control in the event there are any disparities between any definitions and/or description found in the cited references.