Storage stable activated prepolymer composition

Abstract

The addition of a small amount of an alkyl sulfoxide, e.g., DMSO, to an isocyanate capped prepolymer provides a storage stable prepolymer composition in which the prepolymer is also highly activated towards curing with certain blocked curing agents such as methylenedianiline metal salt coordination complexes. The prepolymer/alkyl sulfoxide compositions are cured by said blocked curing agents at lower temperatures and/or at an accelerated rate compared to similar compositions lacking the alkyl sulfoxide providing high performance polyurethane elastomers.

Claims

1. A method of preparing a polyurethane elastomer, the method comprising the steps of: i) adding dimethyl sulfoxide to an isocyanate terminated prepolymer formed by reaction of one or more diisocyanate monomers selected from the group consisting of diphenylmethane diisocyanate, toluene diisocyanate and para-phenylene diisocyanate, with one or more polyols selected from the group consisting of polyether polyol, polyester polyol and polycaprolactone polyol; to form a prepolymer composition comprising from 0.1 to 1.5 wt % dimethyl sulfoxide based on the combined weight of the prepolymer and dimethyl sulfoxide, ii) storing the prepolymer composition formed in step i) at temperatures in the range from 20 C. to 70 C. for at least 168 hours iii) combining the prepolymer composition of step ii) with a polyamine metal salt coordination complex to form a curable composition, and iv) heating the curable composition to effect cure.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein the dimethyl sulfoxide is present at from about 0.25 to about 1.0 wt %, based on the combined weight of the prepolymer and the dimethyl sulfoxide.

Description

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

(1) One broad embodiment of the invention provides a composition comprising an isocyanate capped polyurethane prepolymer and from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt %, typically 0.1 to 2 wt %, e.g., 0.1 to 1.5 wt % or 0.25 to 1.5 wt % of an alkyl sulfoxide, based on the combined weight of the prepolymer and alkyl sulfoxide.

(2) The composition is both storage stable, i.e., it can be prepared and stored under typical industrial or commercial conditions without degradation of physical or chemical properties of the prepolymer, and is activated for more effective curing of the prepolymer when reacted with a polyamine metal salt coordination complex, such as methylenedianiline metal salt coordination complex, than when the prepolymer is cured in the absence of the alkyl sulfoxide. More effective curing as used herein means that the curing takes place in a shorter period of time, occurs at a lower temperature, and/or results in a more uniformly cured polyurethane product than otherwise obtained.

(3) The alkyl sulfoxide cure accelerators of the invention are well-known compounds of the formula:

(4) ##STR00001##

(5) wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 and independently selected from alkyl groups having from 1 to 12, e.g. 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and in some embodiments R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the sulfur atom may form a 5 to 7 member ring. In many embodiments of the invention the sulfoxide is not cyclic, i.e., R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the sulfur atom do not form a 5 to 7 member ring, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are selected from C.sub.1-6 alkyl groups, e.g., methyl, ethyl, propyl and butyl. For example, the commercially available dimethyl sulfoxide has been used with great success.

(6) Isocyanate capped urethane prepolymers of the invention are formed by reaction of one or more polyisocyanate monomers, e.g., diisocyanate monomers, with one or more polyols, e.g., diols. Such prepolymers, many of which are commercially available, and methods for their preparation are well known in the art. There is no particular restriction on the prepolymer, or mixture of prepolymers, that can be used in the present invention, nor is there a particular restriction on the polyols or isocyanate monomers that can be used in the preparation of the prepolymers.

(7) Polyols used in the preparation of the prepolymers, for example, may comprise an alkane polyol, polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol and/or polycarbonate polyol. Such polyols are well known in the art and more than one may be used. The term comprise a, comprise an and the like means that one or more than one may be present. For example, in some embodiments the polyol comprises one or more polyether polyol, polyester polyol, polycaprolactone polyol and/or polycarbonate polyol. In many embodiments, prepolymers prepared from diols are preferred over those formed from triol or higher polyols.

(8) Polyether polyols include, e.g., polyalkylene ether polyols having the general formula HO(RO).sub.nH, wherein R is an alkylene radical and n is an integer large enough to provide the desired MW, e.g., a number average molecular weight of 200 to 6,000, e.g., from 400 to 3000 or from 1000 to 2500. Such polyalkylene ether polyols are well-known and can be prepared by the polymerization of cyclic ethers such as alkylene oxides and glycols, dihydroxyethers, and the like. Common polyether diols include, polyethylene ether glycols, polypropylene ether glycols, polytetramethylene ether glycols, mixed ether diols, such as ethylene glycol/propylene glycol ether copolymer diols, end capped polyether diols such as EO-capped polypropylene glycol, and the like.

(9) Polyester polyols include, e.g., reaction products of adipic acid, succinic acid, isophthalic acid and other difunctional or multifunctional carboxylic acids with glycols, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 1,3 propane diol, 1,4-butane diol, 1,3 butanediol, 1,6-hexane diol, diethylene glycol, tetramethylene ether glycol, and the like. More than one carboxylic acid or glycol may be used. Some polyester polyols also employ caprolactone and dimerized unsaturated fatty acids in their manufacture.

(10) Useful polyester polyols, polycaprolactone polyols and polycarbonate polyols typically have a number average molecular weight of 200 to 6,000, e.g., from 400 to 3000 or from 1000 to 2500, and again, diols are typically preferred.

(11) In some embodiments, the polyol comprises glycols or triols having molecular weights ranging, for example, from 60 to 400, e.g., from 80 to 300 or from 100 to 200. Such glycols or triols may include, for example, ethylene glycol, isomers of propylene glycol, isomers of butane diol, isomers of pentanediol, isomers of hexanediol, trimethylolpropane, pentaerythritol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, etc.

(12) While almost any polyisocyanate monomer may be used to prepare the prepolymer of the invention, the polyisocyanate monomer typically comprises a di-isocyanate. Examples of common diisocyanates include diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI), polymeric MDI, toluene diisocyanate (TDI), para-phenylene diisocyanate (PPDI), diphenyl 4,4-diisocyanate (DPDI), dibenzyl-4,4-diisocyanate, naphthalene diisocyanate (NDI), benzophenone-4,4-diisocyanate, 1,3 and 1,4-xylene diisocyanates, tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate (TMXDI), 1,6-hexane diisocyanate (HDI), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), 3,3-bitoluene diisocyanate (TODI), 1,4-cyclohexyl diisocyanate (CHDI), 1,3-cyclohexyl diisocyanate, methylene bis(p-cyclohexyl isocyanate) (H.sub.12MDI).

(13) The exact polyols and isocyanate monomers used to prepared the prepolymers of the invention will vary depending on the end use of the final product. In some embodiments prepolymers prepared from aromatic isocyanates such as PPDI, MDI, TDI and the like will be preferred, in some embodiments prepolymers prepared from aliphatic isocyanates is such as HDI, H.sub.12MDI, CHDI and the like will be preferred.

(14) Obviously no attempt is made here to provide an exhaustive list of possible polyols, isocyanate monomers or prepolymers useful for the practice of the invention.

(15) Isocyanate terminated prepolymers are often prepared using an excess of polyisocyanate monomer resulting in a prepolymer mixture containing unreacted monomer, e.g., unreacted or free isocyanate monomer. Levels of 20 wt % or more of the free monomer may be encountered. In some embodiments of the present invention, the level of free isocyanate monomer in the prepolymer mixture is at a reduced level, e.g., a low free diisocyanate prepolymer having free isocyanate monomer levels of less than 5 wt %, less than 3 wt %, less than 1 wt %, or less than 0.5 wt % can be effectively employed

(16) The isocyanate capped polyurethane prepolymer and the alkyl sulfoxide can be combined in any manner to form the composition comprising the prepolymer and alkyl sulfoxide. For example, the alkyl sulfoxide of the invention can simply be added to the prepolymer and mixed. Other components can be present in the composition including solvents and additives common in the art.

(17) The prepolymer/alkyl sulfoxide composition of the invention is stable at temperatures up to 70 C. and often higher for at least 7 days, and in many cases longer, e.g., 1 to four weeks, 1 to 6 months, or longer, depending on conditions of storage. This stable composition is advantageously used in the preparation of polyurethane polymers, especially those prepared by curing the prepolymer with a blocked polyamine curing agent, e.g. a metal salt coordination complex of a polyamine, because while the inventive composition is extremely stable on its own, it is also activated to rapid cure by metal salt/polyamine coordination complexes, such as alkaline metal salt complexes of methylene dianiline. Further, when combined with such a blocked curing agent, the prepolymer of the inventive composition resists cure during processing until the curing temperature is reached making it useful in one pack urethane systems.

(18) As the alkyl sulfoxide can be added to a composition comprising an amine coordination complex curative without causing premature deblocking of the curative, some embodiments of the invention provide a composition comprising i) an isocyanate capped polyurethane prepolymer, ii) from about 0.1 to about 5.0 wt %, typically 0.1 to 2 wt % of an alkyl sulfoxide, based on the combined weight of the prepolymer and alkyl sulfoxide, and iii) a polyamine metal salt coordination complex such as methylenedianiline metal salt coordination complex. The molar ratio of prepolymers to curatives, for example, may be in the range of from 1:2 to 3:1, e.g., from 0.7:1 to 1.2:1 or from 1.1:1 to 0.9:1.

(19) Thus, the invention provides a ready solution to a variety of difficulties related to polyurethanes faced by industry and commerce, especially polyurethanes cured with coordination complex curing agents such as the 3:1 NaCl:MDA complex, e.g., efficiency of curing, storage stability of the prepolymer, storage stability of one pack combinations of prepolymer and curing agent, quality of the final polyurethane, and improved processing and the like.

(20) As discussed above, while there is no shortage of compounds that are listed or suggested in the art as cure accelerators or deblocking agents in reactions between metal salt coordination complexes and polyurethane prepolymers, many have not been tested or exemplified. Presumably some are more effective at accelerating or otherwise improving prepolymer cure than others. Even if the issues related to effective curing of the prepolymer were solved, concerns regarding prepolymer stability and the stability of compositions comprising prepolymer and curing agent would still need to be addressed. For example, prepolymers are typically melted and stored at elevated temperature before being processed into elastomers. Thus, prepolymers should be stable after heat aging for one week at 70 C.

(21) The shelf life of commercially available one pack or one-component polyurethane systems sold as a mixture of polyurethane prepolymer and metal salt complex of methylenedianiline is an obvious area of concern given the potential for premature curing. The presence of a cure accelerator that might also accelerate premature curing below the activation temperature of the curative would make such concerns even more of an issue. As shown in the Examples, one pack compositions comprising the alkyl sulfoxide according to the present invention are more resistant to premature curing than those containing other classes of accelerators.

(22) Aside from processing issues related to extended cure times or high temperature curing, issues related to the quality of a molded polyurethane article can arise from poor stability of a prepolymer/curing agent composition or inefficient cure of the composition. For example, before a prepolymer is cured in a mold, the prepolymer/curing agent composition must spread out and adequately fill the mold. A composition that is overly viscous may not adequately fill the mold, which can become more problematic if the composition must first be heated to temperatures approaching the curing temperature making premature curing more likely. On the other hand, and especially in thicker sections, a composition will typically cure most rapidly where heat is applied, e.g., at the surface of the mold, while the interior cures more slowly. As a result, a hard skin may form on the outer surface of the elastomer initially, and then, as the cure progresses toward the center of the composition, the inner volume of the elastomer may expand, which in turn may cause the skin to crack or rupture and form undesirable surface defects.

(23) That is, in many applications a cure accelerator must be stable in the presence of both prepolymer and curing agent to avoid problems associated with premature curing, but must also exhibit high activity at the cure temperature to avoid problems associated with non-uniform cure.

(24) The present invention addresses all the issues above. Isocyanate capped prepolymers are stable in the presence the alkyl sulfoxide at the concentrations used and such compositions can be can be stored at temperatures typically encountered in industry. This is quite surprising as many of the cure accelerators found in the art destabilize isocyanate capped prepolymers. The prepolymer of the present compositions also cures more rapidly in the presence of metal salt coordination complexes than when the prepolymer is similarly cured in the absence of the alkyl sulfoxide. Significantly, the prepolymer combined with the alkyl sulfoxide of the present invention cures more effectively in the presence of metal salt coordination complexes than when the same prepolymer is combined with other cure accelerators that are found in the art. This combination of prepolymer stability and outstanding cure acceleration seen when an alkyl sulfoxide of the invention is added to a prepolymer is not seen with other cure accelerators.

(25) Compositions comprising a commercially available prepolymer and dimethyl sulfoxide of the invention were compared to similar compositions comprising the same prepolymer and various cure accelerators found in the art for storage stability and curing time.

(26) Three classes of deblocking catalysts for methylenedianiline coordination complexes, MDA-CC, are known in the art. One class is based on active hydrogen compounds, i.e., compounds that react with isocyanate groups such as alcohols primary amines, secondary amines etc., and includes materials such as glycerol and urea. As active hydrogen compounds, U.S. Pat. No. 4,772,676 discloses alcohol catalysts, such as, 1,4-butane diol or phenoxypoly(oxyethylene) ethanol as preferred compounds.

(27) The second class is based on organic salt compounds, such as quaternary ammonium, imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, piperidinium, morpholinium, phosphonium or sulfonium salts. As organic salts useful in deblocking MDA-CC, U.S. Pat. Nos. 8,754,184 and 9,006,375 exemplify various amine salts.

(28) The third class is based on polar aprotic compounds containing polar functional groups. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 3,888,831 lists substituted amides, carbonates, esters, ethers, ketones, alkyl halides, aromatic halides and nitrates, sulfones, sulfoxides, tertiary amines, etc., as deblocking catalysts or cure accelerators with MDA-CC, however, many of these compounds, such as sulfoxides, have never been exemplified as deblocking catalysts. For example, as polar aprotic compounds useful in deblocking MDA/metal salt coordination complexes, U.S. Pat. No. 3,888,831 exemplifies only nitrobenzene, xylene, chlorobenzene, tetra-ethylene glycol bis-2-ethyl hexanoate and dipropylene glycol dibenzoate, and prefers acetone and esters of tetra-ethylene glycol.

(29) Prepolymers are typically melted and stored at elevated temperature before being processed and should be stable to heat aging for one week at 70 C. The deblocking agent must not accelerate decomposition of the prepolymer. DMSO, i.e., dimethyl sulfoxide, and compounds from the three classes of MDA-CC deblocking catalysts described above were tested for their effect on storage stability in compositions comprising polyurethane prepolymer Adiprene Duracast C900, an MDI-terminated polycaprolactone prepolymer having low free MDI content. Compositions were prepared by adding 1.0% by weight of deblocking catalyst to the molten prepolymer at 70 C. After mixing, the compositions were transferred under nitrogen to glass jar, which were sealed and heat aged at 70 C. for one week. Changes in NCO content and viscosity were measured. Results are shown in Table 1. The initial viscosity of the prepolymer was 5300 cP at 50 C.

(30) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Prepolymer NCO and Viscosity Stability T168 T0 T168 viscosity NCO NCO Change at 50 C. Catalyst (%) (%) NCO (%) (cP) Control None 3.597 3.515 2.28 6325 Active Hydrogen Compounds 1 Urea 3.504 3.244 7.42 10,263 2 2EHA 3.461 2.906 16.03 32,300 3 Glycerol 3.388 Gelled Gelled Gelled Organic Salts 4 QAC 3.555 3.396 4.47 7513 5 Lecithin 3.536 3.345 5.40 8088 Polar Aprotic Compounds 6 DMSO 3.535 3.463 2.04 5863 7 PC 3.545 3.460 2.40 6113 8 Sulfolane 3.544 3.444 2.82 6582 9 HMPA 3.547 3.429 3.33 8038 10 Acetone 3.498 3.359 3.97 6800 11 N-Methyl- 3.503 3.350 4.37 7000 2pyrrolidone 12 Dimethylacetamide 3.502 2.984 14.79 14,463 13 Tributylamine 3.231 2.500 22.62 54,000 14 DMPU 3.549 Gelled Gelled Gelled 15 PEGDME 3.526 Gelled Gelled Gelled 2EHA is 2-ethyl hexanoic acid QAC is Quaternary Ammonium Chloride PC is 1,2-Propanediol Carbonate HMPA is Hexamethylphosphoric triamide DMPU is 1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone PEGDME is Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether

(31) As seen in Table 1, DMSO and PC (2-Propanediol Carbonate) have no measurable negative effect on the % NCO or viscosity of the prepolymer, and the effect of DMSO is possibly beneficial. The negative effect of the active hydrogen compounds on both % NCO and viscosity is significant. Likewise, DMAC, TBA, DMPU and PEGDME show a significantly negative effect. The severe incompatibility of the prepolymer with glycerol, DMPU and PEGDME is evidenced by the gelling observed on storage.

(32) These storage properties are important because the properties of cast elastomers are generally reduced when the NCO of the prepolymer declines greater than about 2%.

(33) To evaluate the above compounds for their impact on curing times, the polyurethane prepolymer ADIPRENE DURACAST C900 was melted at 70 C., and deblocking catalyst was added, either at 0.5 or 1.0 wt % as shown in Table 2, immediately before the sodium chloride/methylene dianiline coordination complex curing agent DURACAST C3-LF was added at an NH2/NCO equivalent ratio of 0.95. After mixing, each composition was charged by syringe to a test cell mounted in a temperature controlled furnace at 50 C. A spindle attached to a viscometer was inserted into the test fluid. The temperature was held at 50 C. for 15 minutes and then ramped to 100 C. according to a set program. Viscosity was measured as a function of time until the mixture reaches 400,000 cP; results are listed in Table 1A. The results using glycerol, DMPU and PEGDME are omitted here due to their storage incompatibility with the prepolymer as shown above. Full details are found in the Examples.

(34) A smaller effect on cure rate was seen for the active hydrogen compounds and organic salts than seen for DMSO. The results for the polar aprotic compounds are listed in order greatest to least impact on cure rate.

(35) Among the polar aprotic compounds DMSO has the greatest activity. PC, which was shown above to produce relatively stable compositions with the prepolymer has only a weak effect on cure rate. Acetone, the compound preferred in U.S. Pat. No. 3,888,831, exhibits only a modest positive effect on cure rate and a moderately negative effect on prepolymer stability.

(36) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 1A Deblocking Study with Adiprene Duracast C900 Deblocking Dipole Moment Agent Level Reaction Time Number Agent (D) (pph) (min.) Control None None None 15.48 Active Hydrogen Compounds/Quaternary Compounds 1 Urea 4.38 0.50 11.93 2 2EHA <1.5 0.50 10.68 4 QAC 1.00 11.82 5 Lecithin 1.00 11.39 Polar Aprotic Compounds 6 DMSO 3.96 1.00 7.50 6 DMSO 3.96 0.50 9.28 12 DMAC 3.72 0.50 10.72 11 NMP 4.09 0.50 10.73 10 Acetone 2.91 1.00 10.78 10 Acetone 2.91 0.50 12.36 9 HMPA 5.38 0.50 12.37 8 Sulfolane 4.35 0.50 12.39 7 PC 4.94 0.50 13.47 13 Tributylamine 0.76 0.50 15.97

(37) The data in the above Tables demonstrate the surprising result that DMSO/prepolymer compositions have both excellent chemical stability and high catalytic activity when mixed and cured with MDA-CC. It is also somewhat surprising that there is no simple correlation between dipole moment and deblocking activity.

(38) Glycerol did show excellent activity in cure acceleration, as shown in the Examples. However, the excessive reactivity of glycerol with isocyanate capped prepolymers precludes its use in compositions comprising such prepolymers that stand or are stored for any significant length of time.

(39) Further testing, as detailed in the examples, shows that increasing levels of DMSO lower the curing temperature of the prepolymer and demonstrates the excellent physical properties of the elastomeric polyurethane produced from the inventive composition.

(40) Evidence that the accelerated cure catalyzed by the DMSO may be due to its activity as a deblocking catalyst for the coordination complex may be found in Example 6 as DMSO does not increase the cure rate between the prepolymer and a standard non-blocked aromatic diamine curing agent MOCA. However, this suggested mode of activity is considered a possibility not a proven mechanism.

(41) In some industrial casting operations a day tank is filled with a mixture comprising prepolymer and curing agent in a mixing room and moved to a processing area to fill molds. The viscosity of the mixture must remain low enough to work with and properly fill the molds. In cast elastomer processing workable viscosity for hand batching is typically <20,000 cP. The inventive composition, when blended with a metal salt/polyamine coordination complex curative, is stable to industrial processing conditions, allowing plenty of time for processing steps despite its increased cure rate.

(42) For example, a composition comprising Adiprene Duracast C900 and 0.5 wt % of DMSO, based on the combined weight of prepolymer and DMSO was mixed under nitrogen with sodium chloride/methylene dianiline (NH.sub.2/NCO equivalent ratio=0.95) at 50 C. in a reactor equipped with an agitator, electric heat jacket and temperature controller. Samples were taken periodically and viscosity was measured as a function of mixing time. After the first hour the viscosity at 55 C. was 4063 cP, after 4 hours the viscosity at 55 C. was 6638 cP and after 24 hours the viscosity at 55 C. had risen to only 8313 cP, well within the workable viscosity range.

(43) The composition of the invention comprising an isocyanate capped prepolymer and a minor amount of DMSO is surprisingly storage stable and, when blended with a metal salt/polyamine coordination complex, exhibits a significant increase in cure rate, which increase is unexpectedly more pronounced when compared with many other compounds disclosed by the art as cure accelerators/deblocking agents.

EXAMPLES

(44) The following examples illustrate the unique properties of the alkyl sulfoxide/PUR prepolymer compositions of the invention in comparison to a Control, i.e., a composition without a cure accelerator, and compositions comprising other compounds disclosed as deblocking agents/cure accelerators for curing PUR prepolymers with polyamine metal salt coordination complexes. In the Examples the alkyl sulfoxide of the invention is dimethyl sulfoxide, Organic Salts, and Polar Aprotic Compounds as shown in the tables.

Example 1

Heat Stability of PUR Prepolymer/Deblocking Agent Blends

(45) Adiprene Duracast C900, an MDI-terminated polycaprolactone prepolymer, was melted at 70 C. and charged to a mixing cup. Deblocking agent/cure accelerator compound, 1.0% by weight, was added, the mixing cup was placed in a FlackTek mixer and the resulting composition was mixed for one minute at 2300 rpm. The blend was charged to a 8 ounce glass jar, sealed under nitrogen and heat aged at 70 C. in a dry storage container for one week. The initial and final NCO and final viscosity were measured. The initial viscosity of the prepolymer was 5300 cP at 50 C. The fresh and heat aged blends were cured with Duracure C3-LF to measure the effect of heat aging on elastomer hardness.

(46) The results are shown in Table 2 and show that that DMSO has no measurable negative effect on the NCO, viscosity and hardness stability of the prepolymer.

(47) TABLE-US-00003 TABLE 2 Prepolymer NCO, Viscosity@ 50 C., and Hardness Stability % NCO Viscosity Hardness Catalyst T0 T168 Change T168 T0 T168 Control Control None 3.597 3.515 2.28 6325 90A 90A Active Hydrogen Compounds 1 Urea 3.504 3.244 7.42 10,263 90A 87A 2 2EHA 3.461 2.906 16.03 32,300 90A 76A 3 Glycerol 3.388 Gelled Gelled Gelled Gelled Gelled Organic Salts 4 QAC 3.555 3.396 4.47 7513 90A 88A 5 Lecithin 3.536 3.345 5.40 8088 90A 88A Polar Aprotic Compounds 6 DMSO 3.535 3.463 2.04 5863 90A 90A 7 PC 3.545 3.460 2.40 6113 90A 88A 8 Sulfolane 3.544 3.444 2.82 6582 90A 87A 9 HMPA 3.547 3.429 3.33 8038 90A 87A 10 Acetone 3.498 3.359 3.97 6800 87A 87A 11 N-Methyl- 3.503 3.350 4.37 7000 90A 88A 2pyrrolidone 12 Dimethylacetamide 3.502 2.984 14.79 14,463 90A 85A 13 Tributylamine 3.231 2.500 22.62 54,000 89A 70A 14 DMPU 3.549 Gelled Gelled Gelled 90A Gelled 15 PEGDME 3.526 Gelled Gelled Gelled 90A Gelled 2 EHA stands for 2-ethyl hexanoic acid QAC stands for Quaternary Ammonium Chloride PC stands for 1,2-Propanediol Carbonate HMPA stands for Hexamethylphosphoric triamide DMPU stands for 1,3-Dimethyl-3,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-pyrimidinone PEGDME stands for Polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether

Example 2

Curing of PUR Prepolymer/Deblocking Agent Blends

(48) The deblocking agent/cure accelerator compounds from Example 1 were screened for deblocking activity. Adiprene Duracast C900 was melted, charged to a mixing cup and equilibrated to 50 C. Deblocking agent, if used, was blended with the prepolymer immediately before adding the MDA-CC curing agent Duracast C3-LF, approximately 44% tris(4,4-diaminodiphenylmethane) sodium chloride in dioctyl adipate. Duracast C3-LF was drawn into a syringe and weighed, such that the NH.sub.2/NCO equivalent ratio=0.95, and charged to the prepolymer. The resulting formulation was mixed in a FlackTek mixer one minute at 2300 rpm and then charged by syringe to a test cell that was mounted in a temperature controlled furnace at 50 C. A spindle was attached to the viscometer and inserted into the test fluid. A temperature program was initiated that soaks the mixture for 15 minutes at 50 C. and then ramps the temperature to 100 C. Viscosity was measured as a function of time. The reaction time is the time it takes the mix to reach 400,000 cP. The results are listed in Table 3.

(49) TABLE-US-00004 TABLE 3 Deblocking Study with Adiprene Duracast C900 Agent Dipole Moment Level Reaction Time Number Deblocking Agent (D) (pph) (min.) Control Control None None None 15.48 Active Hydrogen Compounds 3 Glycerol 2.56 0.10 9.03 2 2EHA <1.5 0.50 10.68 1 Urea 4.38 0.50 11.93 Organic Salts 5 Lecithin 1.00 11.39 4 QAC 1.00 11.82 Polar Aprotic Compounds 6 DMSO 3.96 1.00 7.50 6 DMSO 3.96 0.75 8.52 6 DMSO 3.96 0.50 9.28 6 DMSO 3.96 0.25 9.77 14 DMPU 4.17 1.00 10.03 14 DMPU 4.17 0.50 11.75 12 Dimethylacetamide 3.72 0.50 10.72 11 N-Methyl-2- 4.09 0.50 10.73 pyrrolidone 15 PEGDME 0.50 11.85 10 Acetone 2.91 1.00 10.78 10 Acetone 2.91 0.50 12.36 9 HMPA 5.38 0.50 12.37 8 Sulfolane 4.35 0.50 12.39 7 PC 4.94 0.50 13.47 13 Tributylamine 0.76 0.50 15.97

(50) Among the polar aprotic compounds DMSO exhibits the greatest activity. Unexpectedly, there is no simple correlation between dipole moment and deblocking activity. Surprisingly, DMSO/prepolymer compositions have both excellent chemical stability and high catalytic activity when mixed and cured with MDA-CC.

Example 3

Alkyl Sulfoxide Activity in Lowering Deblocking Temperature

(51) The following demonstrates the utility of the deblocking catalyst in lowering the deblocking temperature. Adiprene Duracast C900 was melted, charged to a mixing cup and equilibrated to 50 C. Deblocking agent, if used, was blended with the prepolymer immediately before adding Duracast C3-LF. Duracast C3-LF was drawn into a syringe and weighed, such that the NH.sub.2/NCO equivalent ratio=0.95, and charged to the prepolymer. The resulting formulation was mixed in a FlackTek mixer one minute at 2300 rpm and then charged by syringe to a test cell that was mounted in a temperature controlled furnace at 50 C. The spindle was attached to the viscometer and inserted into the test fluid. A program was initiated that soaks the mixture for 15 minutes at 50 C. and then ramps the test cell to the appropriate temperature. Viscosity was measured as a function of time. The deblock time is the time it takes the mix to reach 400,000 cP. The deblocking results are listed in Table 4.

(52) TABLE-US-00005 TABLE 4 Deblocking Catalyst vs. Deblocking Temperature Catalyst Level Deblock Temp. Reaction Time Catalyst Type (pph) ( C.) (min.) None None 100 15.43 None None 100 14.46 None None 110 10.54 None None 120 8.93 None None 140 7.25 Control None 100 15.48 DMSO 0.25 100 9.77 DMSO 0.50 100 9.28 DMSO 0.75 100 8.52 DMSO 1.00 100 7.50

(53) As seen in Table 4, increasing the deblocking catalyst level provides the same effect on curing rate as increasing the curing temperature. The use of the deblocking catalyst has the benefit of decreasing the cycle time of the molding process, which is particularly useful when casting thick parts.

Example 4

Stability of Prepolymer/MDA-CC/Alkyl Sulfoxide Mixtures

(54) The following demonstrates the storage stability of the Duracast C900/Duracure C3-LF/deblocking catalyst mixtures. In cast elastomer processing workable viscosity for hand batching is typically <20,000 cP.

(55) Adiprene Duracast C900 was melted, charged to a reactor equipped with an agitator attached to a mixing motor, electric heat jacket and temperature controller. The prepolymer was equilibrated to 50 C. Deblocking agent, if used, was blended into the prepolymer. Duracast C3-LF was weighted and added to the vessel, such that the NH.sub.2/NCO equivalent ratio=0.95. The mixture was degassed for 15 minutes under vacuum. The vacuum was released with dry nitrogen. Samples were taken using a syringe and viscosity was measured as a function of mixing time using a Brookfield viscometer. The results are listed in Table 5 and show that the C900/C3-LF/DMSO mixture remains workable even after 24 hours of mixing in a vessel. This finds utility in casting operations where a day tank is filled in a mixing room and moved to a processing area to fill molds.

(56) TABLE-US-00006 TABLE 5 Mix Viscosity as a Function of Time PP Viscosity Catalyst Mixing Sample Mix at 55 C. Catalyst Level Temp. Time Viscosity at (cP) Type (pph) ( C.) (hours) 55 C. (cP) 4413 DMSO 0.5 50 0 4063 1 5863 2 6688 4 6638 24 8313 4413 None None 50 0 4088 1 3988 2 3963 4 3963 24 3925

Example 5

Physical Properties of PUR Formed with and without DMSO

(57) Adiprene Duracast C900 was cured with Duracast C3-LF with and without DMSO. Physical properties were measured. Adiprene Duracast C900 was melted, charged to a mixing cup and equilibrated to 70 C. Deblocking agent, if used, was blended with the prepolymer immediately before adding Duracast C3-LF. Duracast C3-LF was drawn into a syringe and weighed, such that the NH.sub.2/NCO equivalent ratio=0.95. The C3-LF was charged to the prepolymer. The mixing cup was placed in a FlackTek mixer and mixed for one minute at 2300 rpm. The mix was poured into pocket and button molds and molded using the conditions listed in Table 6. Tensile properties were measured using ASTM D 412. Trouser tare strength were measured using ASTM D 624. The results are listed in Table 6 and show that excellent physical properties are obtained by elastomers made with and without the use of DMSO deblocking catalyst.

(58) TABLE-US-00007 TABLE 6 Physical Testing Results Prepolymer C900 C900 C900 C900 Curative C3-LF C3-LF C3-LF C3-LF Stoich. (%) 95 95 95 95 DMSO Level (pph) None None 0.5 0.5 Mold Temp. ( C.) 100 120 100 120 Post Cure Temp. ( C.) 140 140 140 140 Post Cure Time (hr.) 24 24 24 24 Property Hardness, Shore A 90 90 90 90 Modulus at 10% (psi) 454 432 458 427 Modulus at 100% 1129 1109 1082 1034 (psi) Modulus at 300% 1447 1439 1418 1381 (psi) Elongation at Break 652 669 647 665 (%) Tensile at Break (psi) 6907 7074 6742 6736 Trouser Tear (pli) 334 330.5 312 391 Appearance Off-white Off-white Off-white Off-white

Example 6

Curing of Prepolymer/Free Amine Curative/Alkyl Sulfoxide Composition

(59) The following example demonstrates that DMSO does not accelerate the amine/isocyanate reaction. Adiprene Duracast C900 (EW=1177 g/eq) was melted, charged to a mixing cup and equilibrated to 50 C. DMSO, if used, was blended with the prepolymer before adding 4,4-methylene-bis(2-chloroaniline)(MOCA). MOCA (EW=133.5 g/eq) was melted, drawn into a syringe, weighed, equilibrated in an oven at 115 C. and charged to the prepolymer. The mixing cup was placed in a FlackTek mixer and mixed for one minute at 2300 rpm. The timer was started simultaneously when the mixer was started. The mix was charged by syringe to a test cell that was mounted in a temperature controlled furnace at 50 C. A spindle was inserted into the mix and the viscosity was measured as a function of time. The time to reach 400,000 cP is listed in Table 7.

(60) TABLE-US-00008 TABLE 7 C900/MOCA Cure Test Material Control Treatment C900 100 100 DMSO 0 1.0 MOCA 10.7 10.7 NH2/NCO eq ratio 0.95 0.95 Time to 400,000 cP (min.) 21.0 24.4

(61) The results in Table 7 show that DMSO does not accelerate the amine/isocyanate reaction and demonstrate that DMSO is likely a MDA-CC deblocking catalyst.