Loading head of a pneumatic loading system for bulk material

Abstract

A loading head (1, 30) of a pneumatic loading system for the uniform introduction of bulk material (49) into the inner space of container sections (45), wherein the loading head (1, 30) is arranged on the free end of a loading tube (12, 73), the outlet connector (7) of which has an outlet opening (10) which is directed toward a distribution head (13, 43) for the lateral deflection of the bulk material into the container section (45), which has an approximately conical deflection surface (15), wherein the distribution head (13, 43) is fastened at least in the direction of the longitudinal extension (X direction) of the container section (45) so that it can be shifted and locked on the loading head (1, 30).

Claims

1. A loading device of a pneumatic loading system for the uniform introduction of bulk material into the inner space of container sections, comprising: a loading tube having an inlet and an outlet, the bulk material being fed into the inlet of the loading tube from a distribution line; a loading head arranged on the outlet of the loading tube, the bulk material flowing through the loading head; an outlet connector comprising a first end connected to the outlet of the loading tube, and a second end, the bulk material flowing through the outlet connector, a distribution head disposed at the second end of the outlet connector to receive the bulk material and having an approximately conical deflection outer surface to laterally deflect the received bulk material into the container sections, and an adjustable locking device to shift positions of the distribution head at least along a direction parallel to a longitudinal extension of the container sections and lock the distribution head in a filling position, the longitudinal extension extending parallel to a direction of travel of the container sections, wherein lateral outlet openings for the bulk material are defined between the second end of the outlet connector and the deflection surface of the distribution head, and wherein by shifting positions of the distribution head, a size of a cross section of lateral outlet openings through which the bulk material passes differs depending on a longitudinal position of the distribution head within the second end of the outlet connector.

2. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the distribution head is configured and connected to be shifted additionally in a transverse direction relative to the direction of the longitudinal extension of the container sections and locked on the loading head.

3. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the distribution head is arranged and connected height-adjustably on the loading head.

4. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the distribution head is configured and connected to be inclined at an angle relative to a longitudinal axis of the loading head.

5. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the loading head has a shape of a rectangle or of a square and has at least one section tube having a rectangular or square profile and forming the outlet opening, the at least one section tube abutting a face of the distribution head, the distribution head having a rectangular or square profile, the at least one section tube having open ends defining lateral outlet openings at an end of the at least one section tube.

6. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the loading head has a circular profile and has at least one section tube having a circular profile and forming the outlet opening, the at least one section tube abutting a face of the distribution head, the distribution head having a circular profile, the at least one section tube having open ends defining lateral outlet openings.

7. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable locking device comprises locking screws guided in elongate holes.

8. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable locking device comprises at least one of locking screws guided in elongate holes, tensioning means, and and/or clamping means.

9. The loading head according to claim 1, wherein the adjustable locking device comprises at least one of electrical, fluidic or electromechanical drive means.

10. The loading head according to claim 1, further comprising a drop plate directed upwardly at a slant arranged on a free outer end of the deflection surface of the distribution head.

Description

(1) The drawings show:

(2) FIG. 1: a diagrammatic representation of the filling process of a freight wagon with several dome covers;

(3) FIG. 2: a first embodiment of a loading head in a round symmetric design in its central position;

(4) FIG. 3: the same representation as in FIG. 2 in a position shifted to the left side;

(5) FIG. 4: the same representation as in FIG. 2 in a position shifted to the right; side, wherein, in the comparison of FIG. 3 with FIG. 4, a height adjustment in the Z direction has also taken place;

(6) FIG. 5: a second embodiment of a loading head with a rectangular contour and adjustment possibility in the X and Z direction;

(7) FIG. 6: the same representation as in FIG. 5 in another shifted position;

(8) FIG. 7: the same representation as in FIGS. 5 and 6 in an additional shifted position;

(9) FIG. 8: the different shifted positions of the distribution head in the top view;

(10) FIG. 9: a representation of the distribution head according to FIG. 8 in the side view with additional adjustment possibilities;

(11) FIG. 10: a cross section along line X-X in FIG. 5;

(12) FIG. 11: a cross section along line XI-XI in FIG. 6;

(13) FIG. 12: a cross section along line XII-XII in FIG. 7;

(14) FIG. 13: a distribution image of the bulk material in a rectangular filling container in the case of an arrangement of the distribution head centered in the middle;

(15) FIG. 14: the same representation as in FIG. 13, wherein, however, the dome cover is arranged acentrically with respect to the middle region of the filling container and in addition the distribution head is shifted in the X direction; and

(16) FIG. 15: an image of the flow through a loading head in a situation according to FIG. 6.

(17) In FIG. 1, a gravimetric loading system in general is represented, which consists essentially of a silo container 54 filled with the bulk material and filled via a filling line 55.

(18) The filling material comes in as material flow 8 in arrow direction 9 via a discharge device 56 arranged on the outlet side and designed as a cellular wheel sluice, for example.

(19) Downstream of the discharge device 56, a distributor switch 57 is arranged, by means of which the bulk material is distributed to different distribution lines 58.

(20) Each distribution line 58 leads into an associated loading tube 73, on the front free end of which the inventive loading head 1, 30 is arranged.

(21) In the depicted embodiment example, it is represented moreover that an additional air feed occurs via a fan 60; said fan is arranged on the loading device 72 and it suctions and compresses outside air and feeds it in this form via an air feed 59 downstream of the discharge device 56 into an associated acceleration nozzle 71. In this way, the granular filling stream is accelerated by the air stream.

(22) The representation according to FIG. 1 shows different filling situations, wherein a total of four container sections 45 are associated with the freight wagon 74 to be filled. The freight wagon 74 can be moved on rails 75.

(23) In the left container section 45, for example, a loading head 1, 30 is shown in its working position, wherein it is introduced into a dome cover 77 and protrudes into the dome cover opening 4. The two adjacent dome covers 76, 78 are open. The dome covers are arranged lying one after the other in alignment in the direction of the longitudinal extension 84 of all the container sections 45.

(24) In the central container section 45 of the freight wagon 74, two dome covers 79, 80 are arranged which, however, are designed acentrically with respect to the central axis of the container section 45, so that, in this case, an acentric filling with the aid of the inventive loading head and a corresponding adjustment of the associated distribution head 43 has to occur.

(25) In the depicted embodiment example, during the filling of the left container section 45, it is possible to provide that the air escaping from the container section 45 is removed via the loading head 1, 30 itself.

(26) In another design, it is possible to provide that, instead, one dome cover or both dome covers 76, 78 are open.

(27) The acentric filling of a container section 45 also applies to the adjacent container section, in which the dome covers 79, 80 are arranged acentrically with respect to the container central axis but in alignment in the central longitudinal extension 84, and the distribution head 43 associated there has to be shifted in the X direction in order to achieve a uniform filling.

(28) Analogously, this also applies to the right container section 45 with the dome covers 76, 77, 78 represented there, wherein this container situation coincides with the left container section 45 and the associated dome covers 76, 77, 78.

(29) In FIGS. 2 to 4, a first embodiment of a loading head 1 is represented, which consists substantially of rotationally symmetric parts, wherein the loading head 1 on the filling side consists of a cylindrical outlet connector 7 which is connected directlyaccording to FIG. 1to the loading tube 73.

(30) The outlet connector 7 is fastened, attached to the housing, in a housing connector 2 which supports a flange plate 3 on its underside.

(31) According to FIG. 3, the flange plate 3 is put on the dome cover opening 4, and the dome cover flange 5 delimits the dome cover opening 4.

(32) FIG. 2 shows the middle, central filling of a container section 45, wherein it can be seen that the longitudinal axis 6 of the outlet connector 7 continues downward centrally in the direction of an outlet opening 10 arranged there, and a distribution head 13 is arranged centrally in this outlet opening 10.

(33) The invention is not limited to the flange plate 3 having a flat design and being put on an associated dome cover flange 5. It can also engage conically and thus in a self-centering manner in the dome cover opening 4 and be arranged there.

(34) Moreover, FIG. 2 also shows that the cylindrical outlet connector 7 transitions into a cylinder tube 12 which has the same throughput cross section, so that the filling stream narrows from the cone inlet 11 having a widening diameter at the entry of the outlet connector 7, in the direction of the cylinder tube 12.

(35) The distribution head 13 is held so that it can be adjusted with the aid of a height-adjustable spindle 25 on a spindle nut 26 in the Z direction (arrow direction 24), wherein the spindle nut 26 is covered on its head side with a protective cone 27. The spindle nut 26 is thus connected, attached to the housing, to the housing connector 2.

(36) The distribution head 13 has a cone body 14 forming the outlet surface and forming a distribution contour 15 having a curved profile.

(37) The distribution contour can be curved in a smooth and continuous manner; however, it can also have a discontinuous composition consisting of straight segments which are joined to one another forming substantially an arc-shaped curve.

(38) On the outlet end of the cone body 14, a drop plate 16 with slightly upward directed inclination is present, in order to confer to the granulate impacting there a flight curve directed at a slant toward the cover of the container section 45.

(39) For the rest, the contour of the drop plate 16 can be changed within broad limits. It also can have a contour such that a straight (horizontal) flight of the granular bulk material particles 49 impacting there occurs in the direction of the container interior.

(40) An approximately cylindrical base body 17, which can also be omitted in another embodimentnot represented in the drawing, adjoins the underside of the cone body 14.

(41) In the inner space of the base body 17, the installation for a filling level sensor 19 can be arranged here.

(42) On the underside of the base body 17, an axially downward directed hoop guard 18 is arranged, which encloses the filling level sensor 19 on its free front end in order to avoid damaging the filling level sensor 19 when the loading head 1 is put on a surface.

(43) It is also important that the loading head 13 is designed so that it is adjustable in the Z direction (arrow direction 24), in order to change in this way the clear cross section of the outlet channel 22 forming in the region between the outlet opening 10 and the surface of the deflection surface 15.

(44) In the depicted embodiment example, the outlet channel has exactly the same size on the left and on the right, and there is no transverse offset, as described moreover later in reference to FIGS. 3 and 4.

(45) Thus, the bulk material flows out uniformly in arrow direction 8 and is guided in curved arrow direction 21 on the deflection surface 15 of the distribution head 13.

(46) The electrical lines arranged in the interior space of the base body 17 can be introduced through the spindle 25 of the spindle nut 26, which is formed as a hollow body, and be led outward there (not represented in the drawing).

(47) FIGS. 3 and 4 show a transverse offset 23 of the distribution head 13 in the two X directions, wherein moreover, in addition, in the comparison between FIG. 3 and FIG. 4, a lifting adjustment in the Z direction (arrow direction 24) has been carried out.

(48) Thus, FIG. 3 shows a lateral offset 36 between the central longitudinal axis 6 and the outlet axis 31 around the transverse offset 23, while, in FIG. 4, the reversed case is represented, in that starting from the central longitudinal axis 6, the outlet axis 31 has been offset to the right in arrow direction 36.

(49) In FIG. 3, on the other hand, the arrow direction 36 is drawn in in the opposite direction relative to arrow direction 36.

(50) This leads to the left outlet channel 22b having a smaller size in FIG. 3 than the right outlet channel 22a, so that an increased filling stream is delivered to the right via the outlet channel 22a whose cross section is increased in comparison to that which is delivered via the outlet channel 22b of smaller size.

(51) In the same way, in FIG. 3, it is represented that the clear width of the two outlet channels 22a, 22b has been decreased overall, since the entire distribution head 13 has been adjusted upward in arrow direction 24 in the Z direction toward the fixed cylinder tube 12.

(52) FIG. 4 also shows, only as an example, the opposite offset in arrow direction 36, wherein it can be seen that now the left-side outlet channel 22a is increased in cross section compared to the right-side outlet channel 22b and also that overall the clear width of the two outlet channels 22a, 22b has been increased in that the distribution head 13 has been adjusted downward in the Z direction in arrow direction 24.

(53) Moreover, associated with all the embodiment examples is a third adjustment axis, namely the possibility of designing the entire distribution head 13 so that it can be inclined at an angle with respect to the outlet axis 31.

(54) This is shown only diagrammatically in FIG. 4, although this inclinable design is applicable and exists for all the loading heads 1, 30 described.

(55) It is only for the purpose of simplifying the drawing that this possibility has been shown only in FIG. 4, and it relates to a ball joint 28 which is arranged in a fixed manner, for example, in the region of the spindle nut 26, and which makes it possible that the outlet axis 31 can be inclined continuously and locked in the direction of the outlet axis 31a to the right or in the direction of the outlet axis 31b on the left in each case by a pivot angle 29.

(56) The different adjustment possibilities of the distribution head 13 are represented diagrammatically in FIGS. 8 and 9, wherein these adjustment possibilities can be present alternatively or additively.

(57) These adjustment possibilities apply to all the embodiments of the loading heads 1, 30 described.

(58) In the embodiment example according to FIGS. 5 to 7, a loading head 30, which in principle has a rectangular profile, is represented, wherein starting from an outlet connector 37 having a circular profile, which again rests in a fixed manner in a housing connector 2 and which is provided with a flange plate 3, a rectangular cross section now adjoins this circular cross section and leads into a rectangular centering tube 32.

(59) The transition region is indicated with reference numeral 20 between the circular cross section of the outlet connector 37 and the rectangular profile of the centering tube 32.

(60) The centering tube 32 gets smaller in the direction of its outlet end at the outlet opening 40 and widens beyond the outlet opening 40 into an associated section tube 33 which is represented as opening conically outwardly.

(61) Now it is important that the distribution head 43 depicted there is a transverse guide 34 which can be adjusted in the direction of the X axis (arrow direction 36, 36) and locked and which, if desired, can also moreover be shifted in the direction of the Z axis in a lifting guide 35 designed as an elongate hole and locked.

(62) In the embodiment example, the adjustment in the X direction and in the Z direction is achieved with a single locking screw 41 which can be adjusted in the two intersecting elongate holes 34, 35 and locked.

(63) Thus, the distribution head 43 can be shifted freely in the X direction and/or in the Z direction and then fixed.

(64) On the lower end of the distribution head 43, a downward directed filling level sensor 19 is present, and the lower flange of the distribution head 43 is used as hoop guard 18, as represented in FIG. 7.

(65) In the embodiment example shown, the inlet-side portion of the distribution head 43 is formed by a ridge-side roof edge 39, from which the deflection surfaces 15 are formed sloping smoothly at a slant in both directions.

(66) In each case, the above-described drop plate 16 is arranged on the outer end of this deflection surface 15.

(67) The term drop plate 16 refers only to the conditions represented, since the profile of the distribution head 43 is substantially rectangular, as represented in reference to the subsequent drawings.

(68) The embodiment example of FIGS. 5 to 7 shows that this distribution head 43 is also designed so that it can be inclined. This is represented symbolically by a pivot axis 38 in the region of the roof edge 39, so that the entire distribution head 43 can be designed so that it can pivot by the pivot angle 29 around this pivot axis 38 in the outlet axes 31a, 31b shown in the drawing.

(69) FIG. 10 shows a cross section along line X-X in FIG. 5, wherein additional details of the rectangular profile shape of the outlet head 43 can be seen. It can be seen that the above-described roof edge 39 extends in the middle region and forms two identical outlet channels 22, wherein the channel formed thereby is referred to overall as the outlet opening 40.

(70) FIG. 10 shows, in a different design, that it is not necessary for the solution that the roof edge 39 be designed as a ridge line. It can also be designed curved, as represented by means of the contour 39a. Thus, it can accordingly have a contour in the X and/or Y and/or Z direction.

(71) Accordingly, it can be designed to be recessed in the plane of the drawing of FIG. 10, as represented only partially by the contour 39b and as can be seen better in FIG. 12.

(72) Other than that, identical reference numerals are used for identical parts, wherein a lateral cable connection sleeve 44 can be seen, and, for the rest, the locking screws 41 can also be seen, which are provided for fixing the distribution head 43 on the outlet connector 37 attached to the housing.

(73) Instead of the curved contour 39a, which was included in the drawing in FIG. 10 only as an example for the course of a variation of the roof edge 39, symmetrical triangular profile shapes can also be used.

(74) In the same way, straight sections arranged with mutual offset can be provided, which extend only upward or downward in terms of height level relative to the plane of the drawing of FIG. 10 (Z direction).

(75) Said straight sections are then designed alternatingly with their height differences.

(76) FIG. 11 shows a cross section along line XI-XI in FIG. 6.

(77) Here, identical reference numerals are used for identical parts, and it can be seen that an asymmetric outlet opening 40 has been created from the rectangular profile of the loading head 30, and that the cross section of the outlet channel 22a is thus substantially greater than the cross section of the outlet channel 22b.

(78) Thus, a dividing of the mass stream occurs in such a manner that a larger filling material stream exits from the outlet channel 22a than by comparison from the outlet channel 22b which has a smaller cross section.

(79) For the rest, FIG. 11 also shows that the outlet channel 22, 22a, 22b is delimited by lateral delimitation walls 83, so that bulk material particles 49 cannot exit in this direction (Y direction), but can exit only in the X direction.

(80) The invention is not limited to this. In another design, it is possible to provide that openings are present in the lateral delimitation wall 83 in order to enable a deliberate exit of bulk material particles 49 in the Y direction in addition to the delivery in the X direction.

(81) FIG. 12 shows a middle cross section in arrow direction XII-XII in FIG. 5, wherein identical reference numerals are used for identical parts. It can be seen that, starting from the cone inlet 11 which now has a circular profile, there is now a transition in a transition region to the rectangular section tube 42, and said section tube is adjoined by the centering tube 32 having a rectangular profile.

(82) FIG. 12 also shows that the roof edge 39 of straight design can be designed not only in the shape of a curved, sawtooth-shaped or differently profiled contour 39a, but also can be designed as a structure with a wavy, sawtooth-shape or with an alternating height offset.

(83) FIG. 13 shows a symmetrical filling image in the inner space of a rectangular container part, wherein it can be seen that the long side of the loading head 30 now coincides with the long side of the rectangular container part 45. Thus, the longer delimitation of the loading head 30 is parallel to the longer container wall 46, and the shorter side of the loading head is parallel to the shorter container wall 47.

(84) In other embodiments, the proportion can also be implemented to be equal (square head) or shorter. However, the first-mentioned longer variant is preferred.

(85) The rectangular profile of the loading head 30 is accordingly adapted with its distribution head 30 of adjustable design to the rectangular profile of the container section 45.

(86) In the depicted embodiment example it can be seen therefore that, from the two symmetric and identically profiled outlet openings 22 of the distribution head 43, the bulk material particles 49 flow out uniformly in arrow directions 50, since an offset in the X direction between the distribution head 43 and the loading head 30 does not apply.

(87) The center 48 of the distribution head 43 accordingly coincides with the center of the dome cover opening 4.

(88) In FIG. 14, an asymmetric filling of a container section 45 is represented, in which the dome cover 4 is arranged acentrically. The asymmetric filling situation is taken into account in that, in comparison to the symmetric accumulation 51, 52 in FIG. 13, an asymmetric accumulation 51a, 52a now occurs in FIG. 14. In order to ensure these accumulations 51a, 52a with the same filling height, it is provided that, in the asymmetric dome cover, the inventive loading head 1, 30 has now been shifted starting from its longitudinal axis 6 to the left by a transverse offset 23 in arrow direction 36.

(89) The outlet axis 31 is offset in arrow direction 36 from the longitudinal axis 6 to the left.

(90) In this manner, it is ensured that in the case of symmetric outlet channels 22 of identical design, due to the transverse offset 23, a greater accumulation 52a is achieved on the left side in comparison to the accumulation 51a on the right side. However, this shifting is possible only to a limited extent, and it is only used in certain application cases. However, a change of the outlet channels as described below is the preferred solution for filling asymmetric containers or in the case of asymmetric positions of filling connectors.

(91) The invention is not limited thereto, since FIG. 14 shows only a single embodiment example.

(92) Using the above-mentioned features, it is also possible to provide that the cross section of the left outlet channel 22 is selected to be substantially larger than the cross section of the right outlet channel 22, so that a situation results as represented in reference to FIG. 7.

(93) Here, the cross section of the left outlet channel 22a is increased substantially in comparison to the cross section of the right outlet channel 22b.

(94) Thus, the invention not only relates to a transverse offset 23 of the distribution head 43 in the X direction, but also to the possibility of changing the effective outlet cross section of the outlet channels 22a, 22b.

(95) For the rest, in the filling image according to FIG. 14, it is not represented that the additional possibility of inclining the loading head 1 and 30 also exists, in order thus to ensure an additional modification of the flight curve of the bulk material particles 49 in the region of the accumulations 51a and 52a.

(96) In the image of the flow according to FIG. 15, such a situation is represented in which a larger volume stream of bulk material particles 49 flows from the larger sized outlet channel 22a than, by comparison, through the left outlet channel 22b.

(97) In FIG. 7, it is represented only as an exampleand this applies to all the embodimentsthat, laterally on the respective loading head 1, 30, an additional aeration opening 81 can be arranged, through which air collecting in the container section 45 can be removed to the outside in arrow direction 82.

LEGEND FOR DRAWINGS

(98) 1 Loading head 2 Housing connector 3 Flange plate 4 Dome cover opening 5 Dome cover flange 6 Longitudinal axis 7 Outlet connector 8 Material flow 9 Arrow direction 10 Outlet opening 11 Cone inlet 12 Cylinder tube 13 Distribution head 14 Cone body 15 Deflection surface 16 Drop plate 17 Base body 18 Hoop guard 19 Filling level sensor 20 Transition region 21 Arrow direction 22 Outlet channel a, b 23 Transverse offset 24 Arrow direction 25 Spindle 26 Spindle nut 27 Protective cone 28 Ball joint 29 Pivot angle 30 Loading head 31 Outlet axis a, b 32 Centering tube 33 Section tube 34 Transverse guide 35 Lifting guide 36 Arrow direction 36 37 Outlet connector 38 Pivot axis 39 Roof edge contour a, contour b 40 Outlet opening 41 Locking screw 42 Section tube 43 Distribution head 44 Cable connection sleeve 45 Container section 46 Container wall (long) 47 Container wall (short) 48 Center 49 Bulk material particle 50 Arrow direction 51 Accumulation 51a 52 Accumulation 52a 53 Arrow direction 54 Silo container 55 Filing line 56 Discharge device 57 Distributer switch 58 Distribution line 59 Air feed 60 Fan 71 Acceleration nozzle 72 Loading device 73 Loading tube (telescopic tube) 74 Freight wagon 75 Rail 76 Dome cover 77 Dome cover 78 Dome cover 79 Dome cover 80 Dome cover 81 Aeration opening 82 Arrow direction 83 Delimitation wall 84 Longitudinal extension (container section 45)