Electrical contact material

Abstract

An electrical contact material may include a first contact that contacts a negative electrode; a third contact that contacts a positive electrode; and a second contact that is provided between the first contact and the third contact, wherein different plating materials are respectively attached to the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact.

Claims

1. An electrical contact material comprising: a first contact that contacts a negative electrode; a third contact that contacts a positive electrode; and a second contact that is provided between the first contact and the third contact, wherein different plating materials are respectively attached to the first contact, the second contact, and the third contact, and wherein the first contact is attached with a plating material of an AgCu alloy having a Cu content of 20 wt % to 50 wt %.

2. The electrical contact material of claim 1, wherein the second contact is attached with a plating material selected from a group consisting of a AgNi alloy having a Ni content of 10 wt % to 30 wt %, a AgPd alloy having a Pd content of 10 wt % to 40 wt %, a AuCo alloy having a Co content of 1 wt % to 5 wt %, a AuNi alloy having a Ni content of 1 wt % to 10 wt %, and a PdNi alloy having a Ni content of 10 wt % to 30 wt %.

3. The electrical contact material of claim 1, wherein the third contact is attached with a plating material which is a composite material of silver and an oxide, the oxide is one selected from a group consisting of AgSnInO.sub.x, AgSnO.sub.2, and AgZnO, and a content of the oxide is 5 wt % to 20 wt %.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows an electrical contact material according to an exemplary embodiment.

(2) FIG. 2 is a diagram of a crossing-type switch to which the electrical contact material of FIG. 1 is applied.

(3) It may be understood that the appended drawings are not necessarily to scale, presenting a somewhat simplified representation of various features illustrative of the basic principles of the invention. The specific design features of the present invention as disclosed herein, including, for example, specific dimensions, orientations, locations, and shapes will be determined in part by the particularly intended application and use environment.

(4) In the figures, reference numbers refer to the same or equivalent parts of the present invention throughout the several figures of the drawing.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

(5) Reference will now be made in detail to various embodiments of the present invention(s), examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings and described below. While the invention(s) will be described in conjunction with exemplary embodiments, it will be understood that the present description is not intended to limit the invention(s) to those exemplary embodiments. On the contrary, the invention(s) is/are intended to cover not only the exemplary embodiments, but also various alternatives, modifications, equivalents and other embodiments, which may be included within the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims.

(6) Exemplary embodiments of the present application will be described more fully hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which exemplary embodiments of the invention are shown. As those skilled in the art would realize, the described embodiments may be modified in various different ways, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention.

(7) In the drawings, the thickness of layers, films, panels, regions, etc., are exaggerated for clarity. Like reference numerals designate like elements throughout the specification. It will be understood that when an element including a layer, film, region, or substrate is referred to as being on another element, it can be directly on the other element or intervening elements may also be present. In contrast, when an element is referred to as being directly on another element, there are no intervening elements present.

(8) Hereinafter, an electrical contact material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

(9) FIG. 1 shows an electrical contact material according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a diagram of a crossing-type switch to which the electrical contact material of FIG. 1 is applied.

(10) Referring to FIG. 1, the electrical contact material according to the present exemplary embodiment includes a first contact A that contacts a negative electrode, a third contact C that contacts a positive electrode, and a second contact B that is provided between the first contact A and the third contact C, and different plating materials are respectively attached to the first contact A, the second contact B, and the third contact C.

(11) Referring to FIG. 1, the plating material of the first contact A, the plating material of the second contact B, and the plating material of the third contact C may be attached to a copper plating material (or plate for switches including phosphor bronze, brass, pure copper). The plating material of the first contact A, the plating material of the second contact B, and the plating material of the third contact C are supplied in a form of tapes onto the phosphorous-bronze plating material, which is provided as a whole plate, and then rolled such that a complex type of plate as in FIG. 1 can be manufactured.

(12) The plating material attached to the first contact A will now be described. The first contact A is a portion that contacts a negative electrode, and needs to maintain low contact resistance. In addition, the first contact A requires high conductivity, high hardness, and corrosion resistance.

(13) Thus, the plating material of the first contact A may be one selected from a group consisting of a AgCu alloy having a Cu content of 20 wt % to 50 wt %, a AgNi alloy having a Ni content of 10 wt % to 30 wt %, and a AgPd alloy having a Pd content of 10 wt % to 70 wt %.

(14) When the plating material of the first contact A is a AgCu alloy, a content of Cu is preferably 20 wt % to 50 wt %. When the Cu content is less than 20 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the Cu content exceeds 50 wt %, corrosion may occur.

(15) When the plating material of the first contact A is a AgNi alloy, a content of Ni may be 10 wt % to 30 wt %. When the Ni content is less than 10 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the Ni content exceeds 30 wt %, contact resistance may be significantly increased.

(16) In addition, when the plating material of the first contact A is a AgPd alloy, a content of Pd may be 10 wt % to 70 wt %. When the Pd content is less than 10 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the Pd contents exceeds 70 wt %, it may be difficult to perform a cladding process.

(17) Next, the plating material attached to the second contact B will be described. The second contact B is a portion that corresponds to the center of a seesaw when being applied to the crossing-type switch, and requires high abrasion resistance and low contact resistance. That is, the second contact B requires high hardness, high abrasion resistance, and high corrosion resistance.

(18) In the instant case, the plating material of the second contact B may be one selected from a group consisting of a AgNi alloy having a Ni content of 10 wt % to 30 wt %, a AgPd alloy having a Pd content of 10 wt % to 40 wt %, a AuCo alloy having a Co content of 1 wt % to 5 wt %, a AuNi alloy having a Ni content of 1 wt % to 10 wt %, and a PdNi alloy having a Ni content of 10 wt % to 30 wt %.

(19) When the plating material of the second contact B is a AgNi alloy, a content of Ni may be 10 wt % to 30 wt %. When the Ni content is less than 10 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the Ni content exceeds 30 wt %, contact resistance may be significantly increased.

(20) When the plating material of the second contact B is a AgPd alloy, a Pd content may be 10 wt % to 40 wt %. When the Pd content is less than 10 wt % or exceeds 40 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired.

(21) When the plating material of the second contact B is a AuCo alloy, a Co content may be 1 wt % to 5 wt %. When the Co content is less than 1 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the Co content exceeds 5 wt %, corrosion may occur.

(22) When the plating material of the second contact B is a AuNi alloy, a Ni content may be 1 wt % to 10 wt %. When the Ni content is less than 1 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the Ni content exceeds 10 wt %, corrosion may occur.

(23) When the plating material of the second contact B is a PdNi alloy, a Ni content may be 10 wt % to 30 wt %. When the content of Ni is less than 10 wt %, a sufficient reinforcement effect cannot be acquired, and when the content of Ni exceeds 30 wt %, contact resistance may be significantly increased.

(24) Next, the plating material attached to the third contact C will be described. The third contact C is a portion that contacts the positive electrode, and the contact is mostly consumed due to a DC current. Thus, the third contact C requires arc-resistivity and an anti-fusion property. The plating material attached to the third contact C may be made of a complex material of silver and an oxide.

(25) The oxide is one selected from a group consisting of AgSnInO.sub.x, AgSnO.sub.2, and AgZnO, and a content of the oxide may be 5 wt % to 20 wt %. When the content of the oxide is less than 5 wt %, sufficient act-resistivity cannot be acquired, and when the content of the oxide exceeds 20 wt %, electrical conductivity may be deteriorated.

(26) As described above, according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention, plating materials attached to each contact are different from one another to optimize properties at each contact. Accordingly, different characteristics that are required for the respective contacts of the crossing-type switch can be satisfied while assuring reliability of the switch.

(27) Next, an effect of the electrical contact material according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention and an effect of an electrical contact material according to a comparative example will be compared through detailed experimental examples.

Experimental Example 1

(28) As shown in FIG. 1, a switch for operation of a seat reclining motor was prepared, and then the switch operated in forward direction-off-reverse direction. A motor rated voltage was 12 V and a current was 10 A.

(29) The following Table 1 shows materials of the first, second and third contacts in comparative examples and exemplary embodiments of the present invention, and a number of durability tests from Experimental Example 1.

(30) TABLE-US-00001 TABLE 1 Number of First Second Third durability contact A contact B contact C tests Comparative Clad X Clad X Clad X 12,400 Example 1 Comparative Sliver Sliver Sliver 27,400 Example 2 plating plating plating (5 m) (5 m) (5 m) Comparative Gold plating Gold plating Gold plating 26,800 Example 2 (1 m) (1 m) (1 m) Comparative AgSnInO.sub.x Clad X AgSnInO.sub.x 14,800 Example 3 rivet, 10 m rivet, 10 m Comparative AgSnInO.sub.x Nickel, 3 AgSnInO.sub.x 28,700 Example 4 rivet, 10 m m-Silver rivet, 10 m plating, 1 m Comparative AgSnInO.sub.x AgNi20 AgCu40 47,800 Example 5 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgCu40 AgNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 143,000 Embodiment 1 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgCu40 PdNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 173,000 Embodiment 2 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgNi20 AgNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 132,000 Embodiment 3 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgNi20 PdNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 148,000 Embodiment 4 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgPd30 PdNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 182,000 Embodiment 5 (oxide, 15%)

(31) As shown in Table 1, the number of durability tests was more significantly improved in Exemplary Embodiment 1 to Exemplary Embodiment 5 where different plating materials are respectively attached to the first contact A, the second contact B, and the third contact C than in Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 5.

Experimental Example 2

(32) A switch that is the same as that of Experimental Example 1 was prepared, and then a test was performed under the same conditions as in Experimental Example 1 to measure a number of generations of fusion, and Table 2 show results of the test.

(33) TABLE-US-00002 TABLE 2 First contact A Second contact B Third contact C Number of fusions Comparative Clad X Clad X Clad X 0 Example 1 Comparative Silver plating Silver plating Silver plating 480 Example 2 (5 m) (5 m) (5 m) Comparative Gold plating Gold plating Gold plating 11 Example 2 (1 m) (1 m) (1 m) Comparative AgSnInO.sub.x Clad X AgSnInO.sub.x 17 Example 3 rivet, 10 m rivet, 10 m Comparative AgSnInO.sub.x Nickel, 3 m- AgSnInO.sub.x 12 Example 4 rivet, 10 m Silver plating, 1 rivet, 10 m m Comparative AgSnInO.sub.x AgNi20 AgCu40 182 Example 5 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgCu40 AgNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 0 Embodiment 1 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgCu40 PdNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 0 Embodiment 2 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgNi20 AgNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 2 Embodiment 3 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgNi20 PdNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 7 Embodiment 4 (oxide, 15%) Exemplary AgPd30 PdNi20 AgSnInO.sub.x 0 Embodiment 5 (oxide, 15%)

(34) As shown in Table 2, a number of fusions was significantly reduced in Exemplary Embodiment 1 to Exemplary Embodiment 5 where different plating materials are respectively attached to the first contact A, the second contact B, and the third contact C than in Comparative Example 1 to Comparative Example 5.

(35) For convenience in explanation and accurate definition in the appended claims, the terms upper, lower, internal, outer, up, down, upper, lower, upwards, downwards, front, rear, back, inside, outside, inwardly, outwardly, internal, external, internal, outer, forwards, and backwards are used to describe features of the exemplary embodiments with reference to the positions of such features as displayed in the figures.

(36) The foregoing descriptions of specific exemplary embodiments of the present invention have been presented for purposes of illustration and description. They are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise forms disclosed, and obviously many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teachings. The exemplary embodiments were chosen and described to explain certain principles of the invention and their practical application, to enable others skilled in the art to make and utilize various exemplary embodiments of the present invention, as well as various alternatives and modifications thereof. It is intended that the scope of the invention be defined by the Claims appended hereto and their equivalents.