Nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate, and method of preparation and use thereof

Abstract

A nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate, and a method of preparation and use thereof. The crystal has a chemical formula of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F and a molecular weight of 291.15. It belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system, with a space group of Pna2.sub.1, crystal cell parameters of a=7.9241 , b=11.3996 , c=6.6638 , and ===90, and a unit cell volume of 601.95 .sup.3. A melt method, high temperature solution method, vacuum encapsulation method, hydrothermal method or room temperature solution method is used to grow the crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Claims

1. A nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate, wherein a chemical formula of the nonlinear optical crystal is CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F and a molecular weight of the nonlinear optical crystal is 291.15, and the nonlinear optical crystal belongs to an orthorhombic crystal system, with a space group of Pna2.sub.1, crystal cell parameters of a=7.9241 , b=11.3996 , c=6.6638 , and ===90, and a unit cell volume of 601.95 .sup.3.

2. A method for preparing the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate of claim 1, wherein the nonlinear optical crystal is grown by a melt method, a high temperature solution method, a vacuum encapsulation method, a hydrothermal method or a room temperature solution method; wherein the melt method for growing the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate comprises following steps: a) mixing a Cs-containing compound, a B-containing compound and an F-containing compound homogeneously at a molar ratio of (0.5-2):(3-5):(0.5-2) to obtain a first mixture; filling the first mixture into a platinum crucible; then placing the platinum crucible in a muffle furnace, and increasing a first temperature to 350-600 C. for 3-96 hours, to obtain a polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the F-containing compound is CsF or CsBF.sub.4; and the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 or CsBF.sub.4; b) filling the polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F into a clean platinum crucible; placing the clean platinum crucible in a muffle furnace, and increasing a second temperature to 400-700 C. at a rate of 20-40 C./h for 7-15 hours, to obtain a melt; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the F-containing compound is CsF or CsBF.sub.4; and the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 or CsBF.sub.4; c) decreasing the second temperature of the melt from step b) to 400-590 C. at a rate of 0.1-5 C./h, to 300-440 C. at a rate of 0.2-2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3-15 C./h, to obtain a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; and d) growing the seed crystal in the melt of the compound by a Czochralski method, comprising fixing the seed crystal obtained from step c) onto a seed crystal rod; lowering the seed crystal to 1 mm above a liquid surface from a top of a crystal growing furnace for the melt prepared in step b), and preheating the seed crystal for 5-60 minutes; then immersing the seed crystal in a liquid at 1-5 mm below the liquid surface; rotating the seed crystal at 2-30 rpm by a crystal growth controller and controlling a third temperature to saturate the melt; lifting the seed crystal at a rate of 1-3 mm/day while keeping the third temperature constant; upon completion of a crystal growth, pulling a crystal on the seed crystal rod, and decreasing the third temperature to 300-440 C. at a rate of 0.2-2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3-15 C./h, to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; or growing the seed crystal in the melt of the compound by a Kyropoulos method, comprising fixing the seed crystal obtained from step c) onto a seed crystal rod; lowering the seed crystal to 1 mm above a liquid surface from a top of a crystal growing furnace for the melt prepared in step b), and preheating the seed crystal for 5-60 minutes; then immersing the seed crystal in a liquid at 1-5 mm below the liquid surface; decreasing a third temperature at a rate of 0.1-0.7 C./h; 3-10 hours later, lifting the seed crystal by 1-2 mm, and further decreasing the third temperature at a rate of 0.1-0.7 C./h; upon completion of a crystal growth, pulling a crystal on the seed crystal rod, and decreasing the third temperature to 300-440 C. at a rate of 0.2-2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3-15 C./h, to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; or growing the crystal in the melt of the compound by a Bridgeman-Stockbarger method, comprising placing the seed crystal prepared in step c) at a bottom of a platinum crucible, then adding the polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F prepared in step a) to the platinum crucible; sealing the platinum crucible, and increasing a third temperature of the growing furnace to 500-700 C. for 7-15 hours; adjusting a position of the platinum crucible to allow a seeding temperature to be 500-625 C.; then lowering the platinum crucible at a rate of 1-10 mm/day; upon completion of the growing, decreasing the seeding temperature to 300-440 C. at a rate of 0.2-2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3-15 C./h; and removing the platinum crucible, to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; the high temperature solution method for growing the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate comprises following steps: a) mixing a Cs-containing compound, a B-containing compound and an F-containing compound homogeneously at a molar ratio of 0.5-2:3-5:0.5-2 to obtain a second mixture; filling the second mixture into a platinum crucible; then placing the platinum crucible in a muffle furnace, and increasing a fourth temperature to 350-600 C. for 3-96 hours, to obtain a polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the F-containing compound is CsF or CsBF.sub.4; and the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 or CsBF.sub.4; b) mixing the polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained from step a) homogeneously with a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:(0.1-0.5) to obtain a third mixture; then filling the third mixture into a clean platinum crucible, and increasing a fifth temperature to 400-700 C. at a rate of 35-45 C./h for 7-15 hours, to obtain a first mixed solution; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the F-containing compound is CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 or CsBF.sub.4; and the fluxing agent is CsF, H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3, PbO or PbF.sub.2; c) preparation of a seed crystal: placing the first mixed solution prepared in step b) into a single crystal furnace, and then decreasing a sixth temperature to 350-610 C. at a rate of 0.1-5 C./h, to 300-385 C. at a rate of 0.2-0.6 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3-10 C./h, to obtain a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; and d) growth of a crystal: fixing the seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F onto a seed crystal rod; lowering the seed crystal to 1 mm above a liquid surface from a top of a crystal growing furnace for the first mixed solution prepared in step b), and preheating the seed crystal for 10-25 minutes; contacting the seed crystal with the liquid surface, and decreasing a seventh temperature at a rate of 0.1-2 C./h; upon completion of a crystal growth, pulling a crystal away from the surface of the first mixed solution, and then decreasing the seventh temperature to 30 C. at a rate of 3-10 C./h, to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; the vacuum encapsulation method for growing the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate comprises following steps: a) mixing a Cs-containing compound, a B-containing compound and an F-containing compound homogeneously at a molar ratio of (0.5-2):(3-5):(0.5-2) to a fourth mixture; filling the fourth mixture into a platinum crucible; then placing the platinum crucible in a muffle furnace, and increasing an eighth temperature to 350-600 C. at a rate of 10-50 C. for 3-96 hours, to obtain a polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the F-containing compound is CsF or CsBF.sub.4; and the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 or CsBF.sub.4; and b) mixing the polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained from step a) homogeneously with a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:(0.1-1) to obtain a fifth mixture; then filling the fifth mixture into a quartz tube, and increasing a ninth temperature to 400-700 C. at a rate of 10-50 C./h for 3-96 hours; then decreasing the ninth temperature to 330-450 C. at rate of 0.5-1.5 C./day, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 2-5 C./h; and cutting the quartz tube to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CsBF.sub.4; the F-containing compound is CsF, CsBF.sub.4 or HF; the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3 or CsBF.sub.4; and the fluxing agent is CsF, H.sub.3BO.sub.3, B.sub.2O.sub.3, PbO or PbF.sub.2; the hydrothermal method for growing the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate comprises following steps: a) mixing a Cs-containing compound, a B-containing compound and an F-containing compound homogeneously at a molar ratio of (0.5-2):(3-5):(0.5-2) to obtain a sixth mixture; filling the sixth mixture into a platinum crucible; then placing the platinum crucible in a muffle furnace, and increasing a tenth temperature to 350-600 C. for 3-96 hours, to obtain a polycrystal powder product of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CH.sub.3COOCs; the F-containing compound is CsF or HF; and the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3 or B.sub.2O.sub.3; b) dissolving the polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained from step a) in 5-30 mL of deionized water to obtain a incompletely dissolved mixture, and sonicating the incompletely dissolved mixture at an eleventh temperature of 20-50 C. for 5-30 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing and dissolution to obtain a second mixed solution; c) transferring the second mixed solution obtained from step b) into a lining of a clean, pollution-free high pressure reactor with a volume of 100 mL, and tightening and sealing the clean, pollution-free high pressure reactor; and d) placing the clean, pollution-free high pressure reactor in a thermostat, increasing a twelfth temperature to 150-350 C. at a rate of 5-50 C./h for 3-15 days, and then decreasing the twelfth temperature to room temperature at a rate of 5-30 C./day, to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; and the room temperature solution method for growing the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate comprises following steps: a) mixing a Cs-containing compound, a B-containing compound and an F-containing compound homogeneously at a molar ratio of (0.5-2):(3-5):(0.5-2) to obtain a seventh mixture; filling the seventh mixture into a platinum crucible; then placing the platinum crucible in a muffle furnace, and increasing a thirteenth temperature to 350-600 C. for 3-96 hours, to obtain a polycrystal powder product of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F; wherein the Cs-containing compound is Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3, CsNO.sub.3, CsHCO.sub.3, CsF or CH.sub.3COOCs; the F-containing compound is CsF or HF; and the B-containing compound is H.sub.3BO.sub.3 or B.sub.2O.sub.3; b) placing the polycrystal powder of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained from step a) in a clean glass container, 20-100 mL of deionized water is added to the clean glass container to obtain a solution, followed by ultrasonication for 5-60 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing and dissolution, and then adjusting a pH of the solution to 8-11 by addition of HF or CsOH; c) sealing the clean glass container containing the solution in step b) with weighing paper to have a seal, and placing the clean glass container in a static environment without shaking, pollution and air convection; controlling a evaporation rate at 0.2-2 mL/day by piercing the seal; and setting the clean glass container aside for 5-20 days at room temperature; d) obtaining a seed crystal upon completion of a growth when a size of crystal particles grown at a bottom of the clean glass container from the solution in step c) is no longer changed significantly; and e) filtering a remaining solution through qualitative filter paper to filter out grains and other impurities from the remaining solution to obtain a filtered solution; selecting seed crystal of better quality, fixing the seed crystal with a platinum wire and suspending the seed crystal in the filtered solution; controlling the evaporation rate at 0.2-2 mL/day by piercing the seal, and setting the seed crystal aside for growth for 5-20 days at room temperature, to obtain the nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

3. A method to apply the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate of claim 1 in a manufacture of an Nd:YAG laser, comprising the following steps: step 1) using the Nd:YAG laser as light source with a fundamental frequency light of 1064 nm; step 2) making the Nd:YAG laser emit an infrared beam with a wavelength of 1064 nm onto the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoboratea to produce a green frequency-multiplied light with a second, third, fourth, fifth or sixth harmonic generation laser output.

4. A method to apply the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoborate of claim 1 in a production of a deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplied light below 200 nm, comprising the following steps: step 1) using the Nd:YAG laser as light source with an incident wavelength of 532 nm; step 2) making the Nd:YAG laser emit an infrared beam with a wavelength of 532 nm onto the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoboratea to produce a frequency-multiplied light with a wavelength of 266 nm with an output intensity, wherein the output intensity is about 0.5 times that of BaB.sub.2O.sub.4 under an equivalent condition.

5. A method to apply the nonlinear optical crystal of the compound of cesium fluorooxoborate of claim 1 in a manufacture of a frequency multiplication generator, a frequency up or down converter or an optical parametric oscillator, comprising the following steps: step 1) using the Nd:YAG laser as light source with an incident wavelength of 355 nm; step 2) making the Nd:YAG laser emit an infrared beam with a wavelength of 355 nm onto the nonlinear optical crystal of cesium fluorooxoboratea to output a deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplied light with a wavelength of 177.3 nm.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) FIG. 1 shows a powder XRD pattern of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F of the present invention, which is consistent with the theoretical XRD pattern, demonstrating the presence of the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(2) FIG. 2 shows the structure of the CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F crystal of the present invention.

(3) FIG. 3 illustrates the operating principle of the nonlinear optical device made of the CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F crystal of the present invention, wherein 1 represents a laser, 2 represents an emitted beam, 3 represents a CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F crystal, 4 represents an outgoing beam, and 5 represents a filter.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

(4) The present invention is further described with reference to the following Examples. It should be understood that the present invention is not limited to the Examples illustrated below, and any improvement made on the basis of the invention is not contrary to the spirit of the present invention. The raw materials and equipments used herein are all commercially available unless otherwise indicated.

Example 1: Preparation of a Compound

(5) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the solid-state synthesis method based on the reaction equation CsF+2B.sub.2O.sub.3.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(6) CsF and B.sub.2O.sub.3 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 1:3. CsF and H.sub.3BO.sub.3 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:5. The mixtures were filled into a clean, pollution-free platinum crucible with a volume of 28 mL. The temperature was then increased to 350 C. for 96 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 2: Preparation of a Compound

(7) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method based on the reaction equation CsF+4H.sub.3BO.sub.3.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+6H.sub.2O .

(8) CsF and H.sub.3BO.sub.3 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:5, and filled into a clean, pollution-free platinum crucible with a volume of 28 mL. The temperature was then increased to 600 C. for 3 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 3: Preparation of a Compound

(9) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method based on the reaction equation 12CsHCO.sub.3+4CsBF.sub.4.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+15CsF+6H.sub.2O+12CO.sub.2.

(10) CsHCO.sub.3 and CsBF.sub.4 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:3, and filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 450 C. for 56 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 4: Preparation of a Compound

(11) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the solid-state reaction method based on the reaction equation 6Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3+4CsBF.sub.4.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+15CsF+6CO.sub.2.

(12) Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 and CsBF.sub.4 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:3, and filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 460 C. for 96 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 5: Preparation of a Compound

(13) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the solid-state synthesis method based on the reaction equation 12CsNO.sub.3+4CsBF.sub.4.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+15CsF+6N.sub.2O.sub.5.

(14) CsNO.sub.3 and CsBF.sub.4 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:3, and filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 470 C. for 96 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 6: Preparation of a Compound

(15) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the vacuum encapsulation method based on the reaction equation CsF+2B.sub.2O.sub.3.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(16) CsF and B.sub.2O.sub.3 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 1:3, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 350 C. at a rate of 50 C. for 96 hours. The quartz tube was opened after the temperature was decreased to room temperature, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 7: Preparation of a Compound

(17) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the vacuum encapsulation method based on the reaction equation CsF+4H.sub.3BO.sub.3.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+6H.sub.2O.

(18) CsF and B.sub.2O.sub.3 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:5, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 600 C. at a rate of 10 C. for 96 hours. The quartz tube was opened after the temperature was decreased to room temperature, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 8: Preparation of a Compound

(19) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the vacuum encapsulation method based on the reaction equation 12CsHCO.sub.3+4CsBF.sub.4.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+15CsF+6H.sub.2O+12CO.sub.2.

(20) CsHCO.sub.3 and CsBF.sub.4 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:3, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and sealed at an elevated temperature. Then, the quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 470 C. at a rate of 6 C./h for 72 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 9: Preparation of a Compound

(21) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the vacuum encapsulation method based on the reaction equation 6Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3+4CsBF.sub.4.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+15CsF+6CO.sub.2.

(22) Cs.sub.2CO.sub.3 and CsBF.sub.4 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:3, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and sealed at an elevated temperature. Then, the quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 460 C. at a rate of 5 C./h for 72 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 10: Preparation of a Compound

(23) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F was synthesized by the vacuum encapsulation method based on the reaction equation 12CsNO.sub.3+4CsBF.sub.4.fwdarw.CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F+15CsF+6N.sub.2O.sub.5.

(24) CsNO.sub.3 and CsBF.sub.4 were mixed homogeneously at a molar ratio of 2:3, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and sealed at an elevated temperature. Then, the quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 450 C. at a rate of 4 C./h for 72 hours, to obtain the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

Example 11: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the High Temperature Solution Method

(25) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 1 was mixed homogeneously with CsF as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.1, and filled into a clean platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 400 C. at a rate of 35 C./h for 7 hours, to give a mixed solution.

(26) Preparation of a seed crystal: the mixed solution as prepared was placed in a single crystal furnace, and the temperature was decreased to 350 C. at a rate of 0.1 C./h, to 300 C. at a rate of 0.2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(27) Growth of a crystal: the seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the mixed solution as prepared, and preheated for 10 minutes. Then, the seed crystal was contacted with the liquid surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.1 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 30 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 12 mm13 mm16 mm.

Example 12: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the High Temperature Solution Method

(28) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 2 was mixed with PbF.sub.2 as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.5. The mixture was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 700 C. at a rate of 45 C./h for 15 hours, to give a mixed solution.

(29) Preparation of a seed crystal: the solution as prepared was placed in a single crystal furnace, and the temperature was decreased to 610 C. at a rate of 5 C./h, to 385 C. at a rate of 0.6 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 10 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(30) Growth of a crystal: the seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the mixed solution as prepared, and preheated for 25 minutes. Then, the seed crystal was contacted with the liquid surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 2 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 30 C. at a rate of 10 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 15 mm17 mm18 mm.

Example 13: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the High Temperature Solution Method

(31) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 3 was mixed with B.sub.2O.sub.3 as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.5, and filled into a clean platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was increased to 690 C. at a rate of 40 C./h for 10 hours, to give a mixed solution.

(32) Preparation of a seed crystal: the mixed solution as prepared was placed in the single crystal furnace, and the temperature was decreased to 580 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to 330 C. at a rate of 0.6 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 8 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(33) Growth of a crystal: the seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the mixed solution as prepared, and preheated for 20 minutes. Then, the seed crystal was contacted with the liquid surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.3 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 30 C. at a rate of 8 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 12 mm15 mm19 mm.

Example 14: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the High Temperature Solution Method

(34) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 4 was mixed with PbO as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.2, and filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 660 C. at a rate of 35 C./h for 8 hours, to give a mixed solution.

(35) Preparation of a seed crystal: the solution as prepared was placed in a single crystal furnace, and the temperature was decreased to 575 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, to 380 C. at a rate of 0.2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 7 C./1 h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(36) Growth of a crystal: the seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the mixed solution as prepared, and preheated for 25 minutes. Then, the seed crystal was contacted with the liquid surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.1 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 30 C. at a rate of 7 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 10 mm12 mm15 mm.

Example 15: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the High Temperature Solution Method

(37) The raw materials were weighed at a molar ratio of CsF:H.sub.3BO.sub.3=1:4, and mixed with H.sub.3BO.sub.3 as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.4. The mixture was filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 665 C. at a rate of 37 C./h for 7 hours, to give a mixed solution.

(38) Preparation of a seed crystal: the mixed solution as prepared was placed in a single crystal furnace, and the temperature was decreased to 570 C. at a rate of 2.4 C./h, to 385 C. at a rate of 0.15 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 7.5 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(39) Growth of a crystal: the seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the mixed solution as prepared, and preheated for 20 minutes. Then, the seed crystal was contacted with the liquid surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.15 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was further decreased to 30 C. at a rate of 7.5 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 13 mm14 mm16 mm.

Example 16: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Vacuum Encapsulation Method

(40) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 6 was mixed with B.sub.2O.sub.3 as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.1, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 400 C. at a rate of 10 C./h for 3 hours. Then, the temperature was decreased to 330 C. at a rate of 0.5 C./day, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 2 C./h. The quartz tube was cut apart to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 13 mm16 mm21 mm.

Example 17: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Vacuum Encapsulation Method

(41) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 7 was mixed with CsF as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:1, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 700 C. at a rate of 50 C./h for 96 hours. Then, the temperature was decreased to 450 C. at a rate of 1.5 C./day, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 5 C./h. The quartz tube was cut apart to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 15 mm18 mm23 mm.

Example 18: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Vacuum Encapsulation Method

(42) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 8 was mixed with H.sub.3BO.sub.3 as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.3, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 500 C. at a rate of 35 C./h for 50 hours. Then, the temperature was decreased to 430 C. at a rate of 0.5 C./day, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 4 C./h. The quartz tube was cut apart to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 14 mm16 mm17 mm.

Example 19: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Vacuum Encapsulation Method

(43) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 9 was mixed with PbO as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.4, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 520 C. at a rate of 32 C./h for 52 hours. Then, the temperature was decreased to 435 C. at a rate of 0.8 C./day, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 4.5 C./h. The quartz tube was cut apart to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 14 mm16 mm17 mm.

Example 20: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Vacuum Encapsulation Method

(44) The raw materials were weighed according to CsF:H.sub.3BO.sub.3=1:4. The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F thus obtained was mixed with PbF.sub.2 as a fluxing agent at a molar ratio of 1:0.5, and filled into a 40 mm quartz tube. The quartz tube was vacuumized to a vacuum degree of 110.sup.3 Pa, and vacuum encapsulated with a flame gun. The quartz tube was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 510 C. at a rate of 37 C./h for 96 hours. Then, the temperature was decreased to 445 C. at a rate of 1.2 C./day, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3.5 C./h. The quartz tube was cut apart to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 14 mm16 mm17 mm.

Example 21: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Czochralski Method

(45) The compound of CsB.sub.10O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 10 was filled into a clean platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 700 C. at a rate of 40 C./h for 15 hours, to give a melt.

(46) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 590 C. at a rate of 5 C./h, to 440 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(47) The seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the melt as prepared, and preheated for 5 minutes. The seed crystal was then immersed in the liquid at 5 mm below the surface, and rotated at 30 rpm by a crystal growth controller. The melt was saturated by controlling the temperature, and the seed crystal was lifted at a rate of 3 mm/day while the temperature was kept constant. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 440 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 12 mm15 mm16 mm.

Example 22: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Czochralski Method

(48) The compound of CsB.sub.2O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 2 was filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was increased to 400 C. at a rate of 20 C./h for 7 hours, to give a melt.

(49) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 400 C. at a rate of 0.1 C./h, to 300 C. at a rate of 0.2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(50) The seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the melt as prepared, and preheated for 5 minutes. The seed crystal was then immersed in the liquid at 1 mm below the surface, and rotated at 2 rpm by a crystal growth controller. The melt was saturated by controlling the temperature, and the seed crystal was lifted at a rate of 1 mm/day while the temperature was kept constant. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 300 C. at a rate of 0.2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 11 mm14 mm15 mm.

Example 23: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Czochralski Method

(51) The raw materials were weighed according to CsF:H.sub.3BO.sub.3=1:4, and filled into a clean platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 650 C. at a rate of 30 C./h for 12 hours, to give a melt.

(52) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 580 C. at a rate of 4 C./h, to 440 C. at a rate of 1 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 6 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(53) The Seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the melt as prepared, and preheated for 15 minutes. The seed crystal was then immersed in the liquid at 3 mm below the surface, and rotated at 8 rpm by a crystal growth controller. The melt was saturated by controlling the temperature, and the seed crystal was lifted at a rate of 3 mm/day while the temperature was kept constant. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 440 C. at a rate of 1 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 6 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 17 minx 19 mm20 mm.

Example 24: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Bridgman-Stockbarger Method

(54) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 4 was filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was increased to 700 C. at a rate of 20 C./h for 15 hours, to give a melt.

(55) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 590 C. at a rate of 5 C./h, to 440 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h. The platinum crucible was removed to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(56) The seed crystal obtained above was placed at the bottom of the platinum crucible, and then the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained was also placed in the platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was sealed and placed in a Bridgman-Stockbarger furnace, and the temperature was increased to 700 C. for 15 hours. The position of the platinum crucible was adjusted such that the seeding temperature was 625 C. Then, the platinum crucible was lowered at a rate of 10 mm/day while the growth temperature was kept constant. Upon completion of the growth, the temperature was decreased to 440 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h. The platinum crucible was removed to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 18 mm23 mm24 mm.

Example 25: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Bridgman-Stockbarger Method

(57) The compound of CsB.sub.5O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 5 was filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was increased to 675 C. at a rate of 40 C./h for 7 hours, to give a melt.

(58) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 575 C. at a rate of 0.1 C./h, to 380 C. at a rate of 1.5 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 12 C./h. The platinum crucible was removed to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(59) The seed crystal obtained above was placed at the bottom of the platinum crucible, and then the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained was also placed in the platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was sealed and placed in a Bridgman-Stockbarger furnace, and the temperature was then increased to 500 C. for 7 hours. The position of the platinum crucible was adjusted such that the seeding temperature was 500 C. Then, the platinum crucible was lowered at a rate of 1 mm/day while the growth temperature was kept constant. Upon completion of the growth, the temperature was decreased to 300 C. at a rate of 0.2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3 C./h. The platinum crucible was removed to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 19 mm22 mm23 mm.

Example 26: Growth of a CsB4O6F Crystal by the Bridgman-Stockbarger Method

(60) The raw materials were weighed according to CsF:B.sub.2O.sub.3=1:2, and filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a muffle furnace, and the temperature was increased to 680 C. at a rate of 30 C./h for 24 hours, to give a melt.

(61) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 570 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to 350 C. at a rate of 1 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h. The platinum crucible was removed to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(62) The seed crystal obtained above was placed at the bottom of the platinum crucible, and then the compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained was also placed in the platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was sealed and placed in a Bridgman-Stockbarger furnace, and the temperature was increased to 680 C. for 12 hours. The position of the platinum crucible was adjusted such that the seeding temperature was 550 C. Then, the platinum crucible was lowered at a rate of 5 mm/day while the growth temperature was kept constant. Upon completion of the growth, the temperature was decreased to 350 C. at a rate of 1 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h. The platinum crucible was removed to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 15 mm16 mm23 mm.

Example 27: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Kyropoulos Method

(63) The compound of CsB.sub.2O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 2 was filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was increased to 630 C. at a rate of 40 C./h for 18 hours, to give a melt.

(64) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 565 C. at a rate of 5 C./h, to 380 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 8 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(65) The seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the melt as prepared, and preheated for 60 minutes. The seed crystal was then immersed in the liquid at 5 mm below the surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.7 C./h. 3 hours later, the seed crystal was lifted by 2 mm. The temperature was further decreased at a rate of 0.7 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 440 C. at a rate of 2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 15 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 4 mm6 mm9 mm.

Example 28: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Kyropoulos Method

(66) The compound of CsB.sub.3O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 3 was filled into a platinum crucible. The platinum crucible was placed in a single crystal growing furnace, and the temperature was increased to 640 C. at a rate of 20 C./h for 24 hours, to give a melt.

(67) The temperature of the melt obtained above was decreased to 560 C. at a rate of 6 C./h, to 390 C. at a rate of 1.8 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3.5 C./h, to give a seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F.

(68) The crystal was grown in the melt of the compound by the Kyropoulos method as below. The seed crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained above was fixed on a seed crystal rod. The seed crystal was lowered to 1 mm above the liquid surface from the top of a crystal growing furnace containing the melt as prepared, and preheated for 5 minutes. The seed crystal was then immersed in the liquid at 1 mm below the surface, and the temperature was decreased at a rate of 0.1 C./h. 10 hours later, the seed crystal was lifted by 1 mm, and the temperature was further decreased at a rate of 0.1 C./h. Upon completion of the crystal growth, the crystal on the seed crystal rod was pulled out, and the temperature was decreased to 300 C. at a rate of 0.2 C./h, and further to 30 C. at a rate of 3 C./h, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 13 mm18 mm24 mm.

Example 29: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Room Temperature Solution Method

(69) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 1 was put into a clean glass container, to which 100 mL of deionized water was added. Then, ultrasonication was performed for 5 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing and dissolution. Then, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 8 by addition of HF or CsOH.

(70) The container containing the solution was sealed with weighing paper and placed in a static environment without shaking, pollution and air convection. The evaporation rate was controlled at 2 mL/day by piercing the seal, and the solution was set aside for 5 days.

(71) Crystal particles were grown at the bottom of the container from the solution. Upon completion of the growth when the size of the crystal particles was no longer changed significantly, a seed crystal was obtained.

(72) The remaining solution was filtered with qualitative filter paper to filter out grains and other impurities from the solution. The seed crystal of better quality was selected, fixed with a platinum wire and suspended in the filtered solution. The evaporation rate was controlled at 2 mL/day by piercing the seal. The solution was set aside for 30 days at room temperature, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 8 mm14 mm17 mm.

Example 30: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Room Temperature Solution Method

(73) The raw materials were weighed according to CsF:B.sub.2O.sub.3=1:2, and put into a clean glass container, to which 20 mL of deionized water was added. Then, ultrasonication was performed for 30 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing and dissolution. Then, the pH of the solution was adjusted to 11 by addition of HF or CsOH.

(74) The container containing the solution was sealed with weighing paper and placed in a static environment without shaking, pollution and air convection. The evaporation rate was controlled at 0.2 mL/day by piercing the seal, and the solution was set aside for 20 days.

(75) Crystal particles were grown at the bottom of the container from the solution. Upon completion of the growth when the size of the crystal particles was no longer changed significantly, a seed crystal was obtained.

(76) The remaining solution was filtered with qualitative filter paper to filter out grains and other impurities from the solution. The seed crystal was fixed with a platinum wire and suspended in the filtered solution. The evaporation rate was controlled at 0.2 mL/day by piercing the seal. The solution was set aside for 30 days at room temperature, to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 4 mm8 mm9 mm.

Example 31: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Hydrothermal Method

(77) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 1 was added to 5 mL of deionized water. The incompletely dissolved mixture was sonicated at a temperature of 20 C. for 5 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing.

(78) The mixed solution was transferred into the lining of a clean, pollution-free high pressure reactor with a volume of 100 mL, and the reactor was tightened and sealed.

(79) The high pressure reactor was placed in a thermostat, and the temperature was increased to 350 C. at a rate of 50 C./h for 3 days. Then, the temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 5 C./day. The high pressure reactor was opened to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 8 mm9 mm15 mm.

Example 32: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Hydrothermal Method

(80) The raw materials were weighed according to CsF:H.sub.3BO.sub.3=1:4, and added to 30 mL of deionized water. The incompletely dissolved mixture was sonicated at a temperature of 50 C. for 30 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing.

(81) The mixed solution was transferred into the lining of a clean, pollution-free high pressure reactor with a volume of 100 mL, and the reactor was tightened and sealed.

(82) The high pressure reactor was placed in a thermostat, and the temperature was increased to 150 C. at a rate of 5 C./h for 15 days. Then, the temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 30 C./day. The high pressure reactor was opened to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 22 mm24 mm27 mm.

Example 33: Synthesis of a Nonlinear Optical Crystal of CsB4O6F by the Hydrothermal Method

(83) The compound of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F obtained in accordance with Example 2 was added to 8 mL of deionized water. The incompletely dissolved mixture was sonicated at a temperature of 45 C. for 30 minutes to allow for sufficient mixing.

(84) The mixture was transferred into the lining of a clean, pollution-free high pressure reactor with a volume of 100 mL, and the reactor was tightened and sealed.

(85) The high pressure reactor was placed in a thermostat, and the temperature was increased to 330 C. at a rate of 40 C./h for 10 days. Then, the temperature was decreased to room temperature at a rate of 8 C./day. The high pressure reactor was opened to obtain a nonlinear optical crystal of CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F with a size of 12 mm18 mm20 mm.

Example 34

(86) The CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F crystal obtained from any one of Examples 1-33 was processed in the phase-matched direction and was arranged in the position of 3 as shown in FIG. 3. At room temperature, a Q switched Nd:YAG laser was used as the light source with an fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. The Q switched Nd:YAG laser 1 emitted an infrared beam 2 with a wavelength of 1064 nm onto the CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F single crystal 3, producing a green frequency-multiplied light with a wavelength of 532 nm, with an output intensity that is about 2 times that of KDP under the equivalent condition.

Example 35

(87) The CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F crystal obtained from any one of Examples 1-33 was processed in the phase-matched direction, and was arranged in the position of 3 as shown in FIG. 3. At room temperature, a Q switched Nd:YAG laser was used as the light source with an incident wavelength of 532 nm. The Q switched Nd:YAG laser 1 emitted an infrared beam 2 with a wavelength of 532 nm onto the CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F single crystal 3, producing a frequency-multiplied light with a wavelength of 266 nm, with an output intensity that is about 0.5 times that of BBO under the equivalent condition.

Example 36

(88) The CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F crystal obtained from any one of Examples 1-33 was processed in the phase-matched direction, and was arranged in the position of 3 as shown in FIG. 3. At room temperature, a Q switched Nd:YAG laser was used as the light source with an incident wavelength of 355 nm. The Q switched Nd:YAG laser 1 emitted an infrared beam 2 with a wavelength of 355 nm onto the CsB.sub.4O.sub.6F single crystal 3. An output of a deep-ultraviolet frequency-multiplied light with a wavelength of 177.3 nm could be observed.