COMPUTER IMPLEMENTED METHOD OF DETERMINING A BASE CURVE FOR A SPECTACLE LENS AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A SPECTACLE LENS

Abstract

A computer-implemented method of determining a base curve value representing a base curve for a front surface of a spectacle lens is disclosed. The method includes receiving individual prescription data and determining the base curve value for the front surface of the spectacle lens based on the prescription data. In particular, the base curve value is calculated from the received prescription data based on a functional relationship between one or more values included in the prescription data and the base curve value.

Claims

1. A computer-implemented method of determining a base curve value representing a base curve of a front surface of a spectacle lens, the method comprising: receiving individual prescription data containing at least one value of a combination of: a spherical power and a cylindrical power, the spherical power, the cylindrical power, and an axis, or the spherical power, the cylindrical power, and a prismatic power, wherein the at least one value is in each instance independently a near vision value or a far vision value; providing two or more domains containing possible values of prescription data for the spherical power and the cylindrical power, wherein each domain from among the two or more domains has a continuous functional relationship; determining whether the at least one value is contained in a specific domain from among the two or more domains until the at least one value has been found in the specific domain; and calculating a base curve of the front surface from the received individual prescription data based on the continuous functional relationship between the at least one value included in the individual prescription data and the specific domain, wherein all domains except for one domain have a continuous, non-constant functional relationship.

2. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least one value included in the individual prescription data further comprises an object distance.

3. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the at least two domains contain values representing the spherical power and the cylindrical power, and the continuous, non-constant functional relationship between the at least one value included in the individual prescription data and the base curve value depends on the specific domain in which the at least one value representing the spherical power or the cylindrical power is contained.

4. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein the calculation of the base curve value further comprises calculating the base curve based on a continuous, non-constant functional relationship between at least the spherical power and a preset curvature of a rear surface of the spectacle lens.

5. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, wherein a minimum curvature of a rear surface of the spectacle lens is constant for a domain containing the possible values of prescription data and the base curve determined from the received individual prescription data.

6. The computer-implemented method of claim 5, wherein the base curve is further determined from at least one of an as-worn position data or frame data.

7. The computer-implemented method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving at least one of an as-worn position data or frame data; and, taking into account at least one of the received as-worn position data or the received frame data when calculating the base curve value.

8. A method of manufacturing a spectacle lens comprising: providing a spectacle lens element with a front surface and a rear surface; providing individual prescription data for the spectacle lens to be manufactured, wherein the individual prescription data contain at least one value of a combination of: a spherical power and a cylindrical power, the spherical power, the cylindrical power, and an axis, or the spherical power, the cylindrical power, and a prismatic power, wherein the at least one value is in each instance independently a near vision value or a far vision value; providing two or more domains containing possible values of prescription data for the spherical power and the cylindrical power, wherein each domain from among the two or more domains has a continuous functional relationship; determining whether the at least one value is contained in a specific domain from among the two or more domains until the at least one value has been found in the specific domain; and calculating a base curve of the front surface from the received individual prescription data based on the continuous functional relationship between the at least one value included in the individual prescription data and the specific domain; and machining the front surface and the rear surface of the spectacle lens element based on the individual prescription data and the determined base curve value on the front surface, wherein all domains except for one domain have a continuous, non-constant functional relationship, and wherein the base curve value is determined by a computer.

9. The method of claim 8, further comprising: providing individual as-worn position data for the spectacle lens to be manufactured, wherein the base curve value for the front surface of the spectacle lens element is further based on the individual as-worn position data; and wherein the machining of the spectacle lens element is further based on the individual as-worn position data.

10. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least one value included in the individual prescription data further comprises an object distance.

11. The method of claim 8, wherein the at least two domains contain values representing the spherical power and the cylindrical power, and the continuous, non-constant functional relationship between the at least one value included in the individual prescription data and the base curve value depends on the specific domain in which the at least one value representing the spherical power or the cylindrical power is contained.

12. The method of claim 8, wherein at least one of the front surface and the rear surface of the lens element is machined such that the spectacle lens in the as-worn position has a dioptric power according to the individual prescription data.

13. The method of claim 8, wherein the spectacle lens is a progressive addition lens.

14. The method of claim 13, wherein a progressive surface of the progressive addition lens is formed on the front surface of the spectacle lens element.

15. The method of claim 8, wherein the machining of the front surface includes forming a free-form surface and in which frame data are provided and the machining of the spectacle lens element is further based on the frame data.

16. A computer program comprising: a program code stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium, the program code being configured to, when the computer program is loaded or executed in a computer: receive individual prescription data containing at least one value of a combination of: a spherical power and a cylindrical power, the spherical power, the cylindrical power, and an axis, or the spherical power, the cylindrical power, and a prismatic power, wherein the at least one value is in each instance independently a near vision value or a far vision value; provide two or more domains containing possible values of prescription data for the spherical power and the cylindrical power, wherein each domain from among the two or more domains has a continuous functional relationship; determine whether the at least one value is contained in a specific domain from among the two or more domains until the at least one value has been found in the specific domain; and calculate a base curve of the front surface from the received individual prescription data based on the continuous functional relationship between the at least one value included in the individual prescription data and the specific domain, wherein all domains except for one domain have a continuous, non-constant functional relationship.

17. The computer program of claim 16, wherein the at least one value included in the individual prescription data further comprises an object distance.

18. A computer-implemented method of determining one base curve value or two base curve values representing a base curve for a front surface of a spectacle lens, the method comprising: receiving frame data; determining the one base curve value or the two base curve values for the front surface of the spectacle lens from the received frame data by: calculating the one base curve value from the received frame data by a fit of a sphere to a curve or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data, or calculating the two base curve values from the received frame data by a fit of a torus to the curve or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data, or calculating the one base curve value or the two base curve values from the received frame data by a fit of a freeform surface to the curve, or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data.

19. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, wherein the one base curve value or the two base curve values are determined from the received frame data by a fit of a freeform surface to the curve, or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data.

20. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, wherein the curve is obtained by measuring points on a front edge of a demonstration lens or on a front surface of a frame rim or an inner edge of the front surface of the frame rim or a groove of a frame.

21. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, further comprising: selecting points from the curve, the selected points representing the curve, determining the sphere that fits to the selected points, and calculating the one base curve value from a radius of the sphere.

22. The computer-implemented method of claim 21, wherein determining the sphere that fits to the selected points includes determining the sphere that best fits to the selected points.

23. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, further comprising: selecting points from the curve, the selected points representing the curve; determining the torus that fits to these selected points; and calculating the two base curve values from radii of the torus.

24. The computer-implemented method of claim 23, wherein determining the torus that fits to the selected points includes determining the torus that best fits to the selected points.

25. The computer-implemented method of claim 18, further comprising: selecting points from the curve, the selected points representing the curve; determining a freeform surface that fits to the selected points and to the sphere or the torus, calculating the one base curve value or the two base curve values from the determined freeform surface.

26. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein determining the freeform surface that fits to the selected points and fits to the sphere or the torus includes determining the freeform surface that best fits to at least one of the selected points, the sphere, or the torus.

27. The computer-implemented method of claim 25, wherein determining the freeform surface that fits or best fits to the selected points, and fits or best fits to the sphere or the torus includes determining the freeform surface that fits or best fits in a specified domain to at least one of the selected points, the sphere, or the torus.

28. A method of manufacturing a spectacle lens comprising: providing frame data for the spectacle lens to be manufactured; providing a spectacle lens element having a front surface and a rear surface; determining one base curve value or two base curve values for the front surface of the spectacle lens element based on the frame data by: a) calculating the one base curve value from the received frame data by a fit of a sphere to a curve, or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data; or b) calculating the two base curve values from the received frame data by a fit of a torus to the curve, or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data; or c) calculating the one base curve value or the two base curve values from the received frame data by a fit of a freeform surface to the curve, or to points of a curve, which represents the frame rim data, wherein the providing the spectacle lens element includes determining the front surface and the rear surface of the spectacle lens element so as to obtain the spectacle lens with the one base curve or the two base curve values with the one determined base curve value or the two base curve values on the front surface; and machining the front surface and the rear surface of the spectacle lens element based on the frame data and on the one determined base curve value or the two base curve values on the front surface.

29. A computer program comprising: a program code stored on a non-transitory computer readable medium; the program code being configured to, when the computer program is loaded or executed in a computer: receive frame data; determine the one base curve value or the two base curve values for the front surface of the spectacle lens from the received frame data by: calculating the one base curve value from the received frame data by a fit of a sphere to a curve or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data, or calculating the two base curve values from the received frame data by a fit of a torus to the curve or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data, or calculating the one base curve value or the two base curve values from the received frame data by a fit of a freeform surface to the curve, or to points of the curve, which represents the frame rim data.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0083] The disclosure will now be described with reference to the drawings wherein:

[0084] FIG. 1 shows a flowchart showing how a spectacle lens individually adapted to a wearer is manufactured;

[0085] FIG. 2 shows a flowchart showing how a base curve for a spectacle lens is determined;

[0086] FIG. 3 shows a base-curve selection chart according to the related; and

[0087] FIG. 4 shows a chart with base curves values calculated according to the present disclosure.

DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

[0088] A detailed description of an exemplary embodiment of an inventive method of manufacturing a spectacle lens individually adapted to a wearer will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG. 1.

[0089] In the method, individual prescription data of the wearer as well as individual as-worn position data of the wearer are provided in steps M1 and M1. In addition, frame data are also provided in step M1. In the present exemplary embodiment, the prescription data contains values of spherical power and cylindrical power together with an indication of the direction of the cylinder axis, where the values of spherical power and cylindrical power may also include zero so that the spectacle lens resulting from an inventive method may have a spherical power of 0 diopter or an cylindrical power of 0 diopter. However, in the general case the prescription data contains a non-zero value for spherical power and a non-zero value for cylindrical power. In addition to the values for spherical power and cylindrical power the prescription data may contain additional values, i.e., a value for representing addition power and/or a value representing prismatic power. The as-worn position data contains in the present exemplary embodiment a value for the back vertex distance, a value for the pantoscopic angle, and a value for the face form angle and the frame data contains data relating to the geometry of the spectacle frame.

[0090] In a next step M2, a base curve value representing a base curve for the spectacle lens to be manufactured is determined. The base curve value is a measure for the nominal surface power to be given to the front surface of the spectacle lens. According to the exemplary embodiment, the base curve valueand thus the base curve, is determined based on the combination of values given in the prescription data and, if applicable, in the as-worn position data and/or in the frame data. How the base curve value is determined will be described later with respect to the flowchart of FIG. 2. The nominal surface power of the front surface does not need to be the exact final surface power of the front surface if the free-form surface is formed on the front surface.

[0091] Next, in step M3 the shapes of the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens are determined. In the present exemplary embodiment, a free-form surface is to be formed on the front surface. In this case, a suitable spherical or toric rear surface is determined such that the free-form surface on the front surface has an average curvature, that is, a curvature averaged over the whole surface, or a mean curvature at a reference point of the front surface, which leads to a surface power that approximately matches the base curve value. Determining the spherical or toric rear surface typically is done iteratively by means of ray tracing. In the ray tracing process, a starting geometry of the spectacle lens is given. The starting geometry may include as front surface a known free-form front surface or a spherical front surface, which has the required base curve value, and as rear surface a given spherical or toric surface. Then, the spherical or toric rear surface is varied until the calculated power of the spectacle lens coincides with the required power for correcting the ametropia of the wearer, typically with the spectacle lens being in the as-worn position. With the so determined spherical or toric rear surface, the free-form surface is optimized using ray-tracing. During this optimization, the average curvature or mean curvature, respectively, does not change significantly anymore, so that the front surface keeps the required base curve value.

[0092] Next, in step M4 a lens element is provided which has a front surface and a rear surface. The lens element may be a spectacle lens blank or a semi-finished spectacle lens blank. In a semi-finished spectacle lens blank, the front surface usually has one of a number of surface powers which may be chosen such that the surface power of the front surface corresponds to the determined base curve value as closely as possible. However, it is not mandatory to provide a semi-finished spectacle lens blank with a surface power of its front surface which corresponds to the base curve value. In particular, instead of a semi-finished spectacle lens blank a spectacle lens blank with flat front and rear surfaces, that is, a cylindrical spectacle lens blank, may be used as well.

[0093] The only restriction is, that the spectacle lens blank needs to be thick enough to allow manufacturing the spectacle lens with the determined base curve.

[0094] Once the base curve value is determined, the shapes of the front and rear surfaces of the spectacle lens are determined and the spectacle lens element is provided, the spectacle lens element is machined in step M5 based on the prescription data and the as-worn position data so as to form a front surface and a rear surface having the determined shapes, such that a spectacle lens is formed that is individually adapted to the wearer. Machining the spectacle lens element includes for example machining the front surface so as to form the base curve represented by the determined base curve value on the front surface. In case the spectacle lens to be manufactured is a single vision lens or a progressive power lens with the free-form surface formed on the rear surface the rear surface will be machined according to the prescription data so as to form a rear surface which together with the front surface allows the spectacle lens to fulfill the individual optical needs given in the prescription data.

[0095] If, on the other hand, the spectacle lens is a progressive addition lens with the free-form surface formed on the front surface, the front surface is machined according to numerical data describing the free-form surface. This numerical data is based on the individualized power to be achieved and optionally on the as-worn position. It is also possible to form in addition to the free-form surface on the front surface a further free-form surface on the rear surface. Then both free-form surfaces together provide for the addition power of the progressive addition lens.

[0096] The machining performed in step M4 may include milling and polishing the front surface and/or the rear surface under computer numeric control for producing the free-form surface and fine turning on which follows a polishing step. After the lens has been machined, one or more coatings may be applied on one or more of the spectacle lens surfaces.

[0097] FIG. 2 shows the method of determining a base curve value for the spectacle lens. In the present exemplary embodiment, the method is implemented on a computer and comprises the step of receiving prescription data (step D1) through a computer interface. In addition, an optional step of receiving as-worn position data (step D1) through the computer interface and/or an optional step of receiving frame data (step D1) with data relating to the geometry of the spectacle frame through the computer interface may be present.

[0098] Next, in step D21 the program evaluates the values contained in the prescription data to see whether these values belong to one of a number of domains the values in the prescription data may be in. In the present exemplary embodiment, the base curve value is determined based on the values of spherical power and cylindrical power given in the prescription data. The spherical power may assume values between 8 diopter and +7 diopter and the cylindrical power may assume values between 0 and +4 diopter. A first domain of values of the prescription data contains, in the present exemplary embodiment, all combinations of values for spherical power and cylindrical power in which the spherical power is below 7 diopter. If it is determined in step D21 that the value for spherical power given in the prescription data is below 7 the method proceeds to step D31 in which a functional relationship between the spherical power on the one side and the base curve value on the other side is applied to determine the base curve value from the value of the spherical power. The functional relationship used in step D31 is valid for all values of the prescription data which are in the first domain.

[0099] If, on the other hand, it is determined in step D21 that the value for the spherical power is not below 7, the method proceeds to step D22 in which it is determined whether the combination of the value for spherical power and the value for cylindrical power given in the prescription data is in the second domain. The second domain contains all combinations of values for spherical power and cylindrical power in which the value for spherical power is between 7 and 4.75. In case the spherical power is in this interval, the method proceeds to step D32 in which a second functional relationship is applied which relates the value of the spherical power to the base curve value. In case the spherical power is not in the interval between 7 diopter and 4.75 diopter, the method proceeds to a further step in which it is determined whether the values given in the prescription data lie in a third domain. This proceeds until all n domains have been checked and the values given in the prescription data have been associated to one of the domains. In other words, the method determines to which domain the values the combination of spherical power and cylindrical power given in the prescription data belongs and applies the corresponding functional relationships between the value spherical power and the base curve value or between the spherical power and the cylindrical power and the base curve value. At the end, the determined base curve value is output in step D4.

[0100] An example for a program code by which the domain the combination of spherical power and cylindrical power given in the prescription data belongs to and the base curve value can be determined based on the values of spherical power and cylindrical power given in the prescription data is, for example

TABLE-US-00001 if (fSph < 7.00) then fGK = 1.00+(8.00+fSph)*0.40/1.00 elseif (fSph < 4.75) then fGK = 1.40+(7.00+fSph)*0.90/2.25 elseif (fSph < 3.00) then fGK = 2.30+(4.75+fSph)*0.90/1.75 elseif ((fSph < 1.50).and.(fSph+fZyl < 1.50)) then fGK = 3.20+(3.00+fSph)*0.80/1.50 if (fSph+fZyl > 1.00) fGK = fGK+.30*(fZyl3.00) elseif (fSph+fZyl < 1.50) then fGK = 4.00 elseif ((fSph+fZyl < 4.50)) then fGK = 4.00+(fSph+fZyl1.50)*2.50/3.00 else fGK = 6.50+(fSph+fZyl4.50)*1.00/2.50 endif
where fGK stands for the base curve value in diopter, fSph stands for the value of the spherical power in diopter of the prescription data and fZyl stands for the cylindrical power in diopter of the prescription data.

[0101] FIG. 3 shows a base curve chart according to the related art showing base curve values for combinations of spherical power and cylindrical power with the spherical power being in the range of 8 to +7 diopter and the cylindrical power being in the range of 0 to 4 diopter. FIG. 4 shows for the same combinations of values for spherical power and cylindrical power the base curve values determined by use of the above program code. The base curve values provided in FIGS. 3 and 4 are based on the organic material with a refractive index of 1.50, for example, poly(allyl diglycol carbonate) also known as CR39.

[0102] As can be seen from FIG. 3, in the related art base curve chart there are steps between neighboring values of spherical power and/or cylindrical power which are one diopter or more at a refractive index of 1.53. For example, in the base curve chart shown in FIG. 3, the base curve value for a spherical power of 1.25 diopter and a cylindrical power of 0.50 diopter would be 5.25 diopter, whereas the base curve value for a spherical power of 1.00 diopter and a cylindrical power of 0.50 diopter would be 4.00 diopter. This means a step of 1.25 diopter is present between the spherical power of 1.00 diopter and 1.25 diopter. If, for example, the left and right lenses of a spectacle have spherical powers of 1.00 diopter and 1.25 diopter, respectively, and both have a cylindrical power of 0.50 diopter the base curve chart of the related would lead to a situation where the left spectacle lens would have a base curve value of 4.00 diopter and the right spectacle lens would have a base curve value of 5.25 diopter. In other words, the left and right spectacle lenses would look rather different although the difference in spherical power is rather small. In the chart showing the base curve values as calculated by the above program code the differences in the base curve values of neighboring values of spherical power and/or neighboring values of cylindrical power are always small. For example, for the prescription data with a value of 1.25 diopter for the spherical power and a value of 0.5 diopter for the cylindrical power, a method according to the disclosure provides a base curve value of 4.21 diopter, and for a value of 1.00 diopter for the spherical power and a value of 0.50 diopter for the cylindrical power the inventive method provides a base curve value of 4.00 diopter (see FIG. 4). Hence the difference is only 0.21 diopter as compared to 1.25 diopter in the related base curve chart. Such a small difference is barely visible in the finished spectacle lenses. Hence, the disclosure allows for producing more aesthetic spectacles.

[0103] In general, aesthetic reasons lead to the desire to have the base curve for higher positive spherical powers as flat as possible. With the inventive method flatter base curves can be achieved. For example, assume a spherical power of 4.00 diopter with a cylindrical power of 0.75 diopter. According to the related base curve chart shown in FIG. 3 this would lead to a base curve of 8.00 diopter. According to an inventive method a base curve of 6.60 would be sufficient. Furthermore, sometimes spectacle glasses with a desired base curve are ordered. If, for example a spectacle lens is ordered with a spherical power of 3.25 diopter and a cylindrical power of 0 diopter with a desired base curve of 5.5 diopter, the related base curve chart of FIG. 3 would lead to a base curve of 6.5 diopter because the base curve of 5.25 diopter would already be too flat for producing the spectacle lens. With the inventive method, a base curve of 5.46 diopter would be provided which matches the desired base curve very closely.

[0104] With the inventive method, a base curve chart with not normalized values (for example not normalized to a step size of 0.25 diopter) may also be generated.

[0105] In the chart of FIG. 4, the spherical power and the cylindrical power are given in steps of 0.25 diopter for comparing it with the base curve chart of FIG. 3. However, the values of spherical power and/or cylindrical power may be given in a continuous fashion or in much smaller steps than shown in the chart of FIG. 4. Of course determining the base curve value may also be done in the same way for values of spherical power and/or cylindrical power that are given in steps that are smaller than 0.25 diopter, for example for values that are given in steps of 0.01 diopter, or even less.

[0106] Furthermore, the method offers the possibility to adapt the base curve on the front surface in an optimal fashion to the prescription data, the as-worn position and the data of the spectacle frame. In particular, orders for positive spherical power and positive cylindrical power often contain very flat base curves for aesthetic reasons. The requirements of the bending of the rear surface (for example given through a minimum value) may include the absolute surface power of the rear surface over the whole surface or almost the whole rear surface or a minimum value for the average curvature of the rear surface, that leads to a minimum bending, that is, a minimum base curve value of the front surface. Starting from the requirements of the bending of the rear surface can be determined such that the finished spectacle lens realizes the desired spherical and cylindrical power, the required bending of the rear surface and optionally the as-worn position. In this context the data of the spectacle frame influences a glass thickness of the spectacle lenses and thereby also the curvature required for the front surface and the rear surface. Hence, the disclosure allows for taking the frame data into account. The base curves values can then not be represented by a chart as shown in FIG. 4 because the base curve values also depend on the individual as-worn position and the data of the spectacle frame. However, in any case a suitable base curve can be calculated through a functional relationship taking into account not only spherical power and/or cylindrical power but also values of the as-worn position and of the frame data. In the end the wearer receives an aesthetically optimized spectacle glass, which only leads to a small magnification or small diminution of the visual perception of the eyes behind the spectacle lens.

[0107] The present disclosure has been described by use of specific exemplary embodiments of the disclosure for illustrative reasons only. A person skilled in the art is aware of possible deviations from the exemplary embodiments. For example, although eight functional relationships are used in the program code shown with respect to the present exemplary embodiment, a larger or smaller number of functional relationships could be used where the larger or smaller number of functional relationships comes along with a larger or smaller number of domains for the values given in the prescription data. Moreover, FIGS. 1 and 2 show the prescription data, the as-worn position data and the frame data to be provided/received simultaneously. However, it would also be possible to provide/receive these data serially in any possible order.

[0108] It is understood that the foregoing description is that of the preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention and that various changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the disclosure as defined in the appended claims.