HIGH VOLTAGE THREE-PHASE CABLE

Abstract

High voltage three-phase cable comprising three cores positioned so as to assume the configuration with minimum radial dimension and a sheath surrounding the three cores, wherein each core comprises an electric conductor having a substantially triangular shaped cross section with vertex portions and edges; an insulating system surrounding the electric conductor, the insulating system comprising an inner semiconducting layer surrounding the electric conductor, an insulating layer surrounding and in contact with the inner semiconducting layer and an outer semiconducting layer surrounding and in contact with the insulating layer, the layers of the insulating system being made of an extruded polymeric material having a dielectric constant comprised from 2 to 2.5; and a metallic screen surrounding the insulating system.

Claims

1. A high voltage three-phase cable, comprising: three cores positioned to have each a minimized radial dimension toward a longitudinal axis of the cable; and a sheath surrounding the three cores; wherein each core comprises: an electric conductor having a substantially triangular shaped cross section with vertex portions and edge portions; an insulating system surrounding the electric conductor, the insulating system comprising an inner semiconducting layer surrounding the electric conductor, an insulating layer surrounding and in contact with the inner semiconducting layer and an outer semiconducting layer surrounding and in contact with the insulating layer, the layers of the insulating system being made of an extruded polymeric material having a dielectric constant comprised from 2 to 2.5; and a metallic screen surrounding the insulating system.

2. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 1, wherein the extruded polymeric material is substantially devoid of contaminant particles with a size greater than 200 m as measured in accordance to ICEA S-94-649-2013, Appendix J.

3. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 1, wherein the cross-section of the electric conductor is substantially an isosceles triangle.

4. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 1, wherein the insulating system has a substantially constant thickness.

5. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 1, wherein the insulating system has a thickness that varies around the electric conductor cross-section.

6. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 5, wherein the thickness of the insulating system is greater at the vertex portions of the electric conductor cross-section than at the edge portions thereof.

7. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 5, wherein each electric conductor has a first vertex portion converging towards the longitudinal axis of the cable, two second vertex portions in a radially outer position with respect to the first vertex portion, a first edge portion extending between the two second vertex portions; and two second edge portions each extending between one of the two second vertex portions and the first vertex portion; and wherein the thickness of the insulating system is greater at each of the second vertex portions than at the first vertex portion.

8. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 5, wherein each electric conductor has a first vertex portion converging towards the longitudinal axis of the cable, two second vertex portions in a radially outer position with respect to the first vertex portion, a first edge portion extending between the two second vertex portions and two second edge portions each extending between one of the two second vertex portions and the first vertex portion; and wherein the thickness of the insulating system is greater at the first edge portion than at each of the two second edge portions.

9. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 1, wherein the metallic screen is in form made of a longitudinally folded tape.

10. The high voltage three-phase cable according to claim 1, wherein the electric conductors are in form of bundled wires, the bundled wires being of class 1 or of class 2 according to IEC 60228 (2004).

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE SEVERAL VIEWS OF THE DRAWINGS

[0047] Further characteristics will be apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

[0048] FIG. 1a is a schematic cross-sectional views of a HV cable according to the first embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] FIG. 1b is a schematic view of a detail of FIG. 1a;

[0050] FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a core of a HV cable according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure; and

[0051] FIGS. 3a and 3b are schematic cross-sectional views of the cores of two HV cable according to two embodiments of the present disclosure, compared with one another.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0052] A HV three-phase cable 100 according to a first embodiment of the present disclosure is shown in FIG. 1 and has a longitudinal axis L.

[0053] The HV three-phase cable 100 comprises three cores 110.

[0054] Each core 110 comprises an electric conductor 140, an insulating system 150 comprising an inner semiconducting layer 151 surrounding the electric conductor 140, an insulating layer 152 surrounding and in contact with the inner semiconducting layer 151, and an outer semiconducting layer 153 surrounding and in contact with the insulating layer 152.

[0055] A semiconductive water-swellable tape (not illustrated) may be present between the electric conductor 140 and the inner semiconducting layer 151.

[0056] In an embodiment, the electric conductors 140 are made of copper or aluminium, in form of rod or bundled wires. For example, the electric conductors 140 are made of wires of class 1 or of class 2 according to IEC 60228 (2004).

[0057] When electric conductors 140 are made in form of rod or bundled wires, no metal tape surrounding the wires is necessary for keeping the electric conductor 140 in shape.

[0058] A metallic screen 160 (visible in FIG. 1b which is an enlarged view of a portion of FIG. 1a) is provided to surround the insulating system 150.

[0059] The cores 110 are positioned so as to assume the configuration with minimum radial dimension. This can entail the cores 110 to be in direct contact with one another, though not necessarily. Moreover, in this configuration the metallic screens 160 result to be equipotential.

[0060] In an embodiment, the space between the three cores 110 can be filled with a bedding of polymeric material in form of extruded filler, shaped filler or threads.

[0061] In an embodiment, at least one optical fiber and/or at least one ground wire can be positioned in the space between the three cores 110.

[0062] In the present embodiment, the power cable 100 further comprises a semiconductive tape 170 around the three cores 110 and a metal water barrier 120 surrounding it.

[0063] The semiconductive tape 170 can be made in polyester or in nonwoven fabric, and charged with a semiconductive material such as carbon black, and, optionally, with water-swellable material such as superabsorbent powder.

[0064] The semiconductive tape 170 can have a cushioning function while maintaining the electric contact between the screen of the cable core, and also a water blocking function in the case it contains water-swellable material.

[0065] A bedding 180 fills the portions between the semiconductive tape 170 and the cores 110.

[0066] The metal water barrier 120 can be made of aluminium or copper. It can be in form of a longitudinally folded foil, welded around the cable cores 110 to form a tube.

[0067] In radial external position to the metal water barrier 120, a sheath 130 is provided and can be made of polymeric material like high-density polyethylene.

[0068] In radial internal position with respect to the sheath 130, an armour (not illustrated) can be present. This armour can be made of a layer of steel wires, for example flat steel wires.

[0069] As detailed in FIG. 2, an electric conductor 140 has a substantially triangular shaped cross-section with vertex portions 141, 142, 143 and edges 144, 145, 146.

[0070] In particular, the vertex portions 141, 142, 143 approximately define angular portions and the edges 144, 145, 146 can be substantially linear or curvilinear with a curvature radius substantially greater than those of the vertex portions 141, 142, 143.

[0071] In the illustrated embodiments, an electric conductor 140 has a first vertex portion 141 pointing towards the longitudinal axis L of the high voltage three-phase cable, while second vertex portions 142, 143 are in a radially outer position. In each electric conductor 140, the second vertex portions 142, 143 are connected by a major edge 145 and each second vertex 142, 143 portion is connected to the first vertex portion 141 by a respective minor edge 144, 146.

[0072] In the embodiment of FIG. 1a, the three cores 110 are positioned so that the respective first vertex portions 141 face one to each other and converge towards the longitudinal axis L of the HV cable.

[0073] According to the present disclosure, the layers of the insulating system 151, 152, 153 are made of an extruded polymeric material having a dielectric constant comprised from 2 to 2.5.

[0074] In an embodiment, a filler, e.g., carbon black, is added into the extruded polymeric material of layers 151, 153 to make the two layers 151, 153 exhibit semiconducting properties. The dielectric constant of the polymeric material of the semiconducting layers 151, 153 can still be evaluated after separating the polymer material from the filler. Other dopants or impurities may also be introduced into the extruded polymeric material of the layers 151, 153 to change the electrical properties of the layers 151, 153 from dielectric to semiconducting.

[0075] Extruded polymeric materials suitable for the insulating system of the present cable can be selected from cross-linkable polymeric materials. Such materials generally comprises a polyolefin, for example an ethylene homopolymer or copolymer of ethylene with at least one alpha-olefin C.sub.3-C.sub.12, having a density from 0.910 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.970 g/cm.sup.3, for example from 0.915 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.940 g/cm.sup.3.

[0076] In an embodiment, the polymeric material suitable for the insulating system of the present cable has a tan of from 10.sup.3 to 10.sup.4.

[0077] In an embodiment, the ethylene homopolymer or copolymer is selected from: low density polyethylene (LDPE) and linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) having a density from 0.910 g/cm.sup.3 to 0.926 g/cm.sup.3.

[0078] The polyolefin can be crosslinked by reaction with an organic peroxide, such as: dicumyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide, 2,5-dimethyl-2,5-di(t-butylperoxy)-hexane, di-t-butyl peroxide, or mixtures thereof.

[0079] Alternatively, extruded polymeric materials suitable for the insulating system of the present cable can be selected from thermoplastic polymeric materials. In an embodiment, the thermoplastic polymeric material is selected from propylene homopolymers or copolymers of propylene with at least one -olefin, possibly in admixture with at least one copolymer of ethylene with at least one -olefin. In an embodiment, the thermoplastic material is in admixture with a dielectric fluid. The dielectric fluid may be selected from mineral oils, for example, naphthenic oils, aromatic oils, paraffinic oils, for example, alkyl benzenes, aliphatic esters; or mixtures thereof.

[0080] Suitable thermoplastic polymeric materials for the electrically insulating layer are described, e.g., in WO 02/03398, WO 04/066318, WO 07/048422, WO2011/092533 and WO2013/171550.

[0081] Extruded polymeric materials suitable for the insulating system of the present cable, either crosslinked or thermoplastic, may further comprise an effective amount of one or more additives, selected, e.g., from: antioxidants, heat stabilizers, voltage stabilizers, water-tree retardants, processing aids, antiscorching agents, and/or inorganic fillers.

[0082] In an embodiment, the extruded polymeric material is substantially devoid of contaminant particles with a size greater than 200 m according to the measurement protocol ICEA S-94-649-2013, Appendix J.

[0083] The expression substantially devoid of contaminant particles with a size greater than 200 m means that the number of such contaminants per kg of the extruded polymeric material is equal to 1 or less.

[0084] In the first embodiment of the present disclosure illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2, the thickness of the insulating system 151, 152, 153 is substantially constant.

[0085] In this case the cores 110 have substantially the same shape of the electric conductors 140.

[0086] FIGS. 3a and 3b provide a comparison between the first embodiment and a second embodiment of the present disclosure. FIGS. 3a and 3b show two cores 110 where the insulating system is sketched as a single structure 150, but in view of the generally very small thickness of the semiconductive layers, it can also be assumed to be the insulating layer 152.

[0087] While the thickness of the insulating system 150 of FIG. 3a (first embodiment) is substantially constant, the thickness of the insulating system 150 of FIG. 3b (second embodiment) is variable around the electric conductor cross-section.

[0088] In particular, the thickness of the insulating system 150 is greater at the vertex portions 141, 142, 143 of the electric conductor 140 than at the edges 144, 145, 146 thereof.

[0089] In a further embodiment, the thickness of the insulating system 150 is greater at the second vertex portions 142, 143 than at the first vertex portion 141. In a further embodiment, the thickness of the insulating system 150 is greater at the major edge 145 that at the minor edges 144, 146.

[0090] For example, while the thickness of the insulating layer 152 of the core 110 of FIG. 3a is of 12 mm all around the conductor cross-section, the thickness of the insulating layer 152 of the core 110 of FIG. 3b at the second vertex portions 142, 143 is of 12 mm, at the first vertex portion 141 it is of 10.3 mm, at the major edge 145 is of 7.8 mm, and at the minor edges 144, 146 is of 7.1 mm.

[0091] The above mentioned thickness values result in a maximum electric gradient of 12.2 kV/mm and a capacitance of 228.1 pF for the core 110 of FIG. 3a, and in a gradient of 12.4 kV/mm and a capacitance of 259.1 pF for the core 110 of FIG. 3b transporting 150 kV.

[0092] In an embodiment, the cable of the present disclosure can further comprise one or more optical fibers positioned, for example, along the cable longitudinal axis L and/or in the space between the three cores and the water barrier (or the semiconductive tape, if any).

[0093] In an embodiment, each core of the cable of the present disclosure can further comprise a water-swellable tape between the insulating system 150 and the metallic screen 160. For example, the water-swellable tape can be made of materials similar to those disclosed for the semiconductive tape between the electric conductor 140 and the inner semiconducting layer 151, and/or the semiconductive tape 170.

[0094] In an embodiment, the metallic screen 160 is made as a welded metallic sheet wound around the insulating system 151, 152, 153 of each core 110; in this case, the metallic screen 160 results to be a barrier against the water.

[0095] Alternatively, the metallic screen 160 can be made as an overlapped metallic sheet or as a metallic tape.

[0096] For example, the metallic screen 160 is made of aluminium or copper.

[0097] In order to understand the advantageous compactness that can be obtained by the HV three-phase cable according to the present disclosure, an example embodiment of cable for carrying current at 150 kV will be described in the following.

[0098] The cores had a substantially triangular shaped cross-section. The thickness of the inner semiconducting layer was 2.2 mm, the thickness of the insulating layer was 12 mm, the thickness of the outer semiconducting layer was 1 mm. The metallic screen was a copper helical tape having a thickness of 0.2 mm. An aluminium water barrier (also acting as armour against mechanical stress) had a thickness of 1 mm. The sheath was made of polyethylene and had a thickness of 3.5 mm.

[0099] The diameter of this HV three-phase cable was 121 mm with each conductor dimensions of 21.6538.38 mm in cross-section, and its weight was about 23 Kg/m.

[0100] In comparison, a HV three-phase cable for carrying current at 150 KV and having electric conductors with circular cross-section with a diameter of 26 mm each had a diameter of about 136 mm and a weight of 23,274 Kg/m. Such cable had an inner semiconducting layer 0.9 mm thick, an insulating layer is 11.78 mm thick, an outer semiconducting layer 0.9 mm thick. The metallic screen was a copper helical tape having a thickness of 0.2 mm. An armor made of 88 steel flat wires had a thickness of 4 mm. The sheath was made of polyethylene and had a thickness of 2.55 mm.

[0101] In light of the above it is evident that for the same electric current transport capacity the HV three-phase cable according to the present disclosure results to be lighter and to have a smaller diameter than the known HV three-phase cable, while having an insulating system thicker than that of the comparative cable, thus ensuring a better electric protection to the conductors.

[0102] The various embodiments described above can be combined to provide further embodiments. All of the U.S. patents, U.S. patent application publications, U.S. patent applications, foreign patents, foreign patent applications and non-patent publications referred to in this specification and/or listed in the Application Data Sheet are incorporated herein by reference, in their entirety. Aspects of the embodiments can be modified, if necessary to employ concepts of the various patents, applications and publications to provide yet further embodiments.

[0103] These and other changes can be made to the embodiments in light of the above-detailed description. In general, in the following claims, the terms used should not be construed to limit the claims to the specific embodiments disclosed in the specification and the claims, but should be construed to include all possible embodiments along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled. Accordingly, the claims are not limited by the disclosure.