Emergency shutdown valves with bypass features

Abstract

A bypass feature and an emergency shutdown valve that includes such a bypass feature, which is selectively operable to permit a flow of material to pass through the emergency shutdown valve when a shutoff element thereof is closed so as to otherwise prohibit flow through the valve, as well as an associated method of testing an emergency shutdown valve.

Claims

1. An emergency shutdown valve in the form of a ball valve and having a bypass feature that permits a flow of material to pass through the valve while the valve is in a closed position, comprising: a valve body portion; a passageway through the valve body portion for allowing passage of the flow of material through the valve; a shutoff element in the form of a rotatable ball seated in the passageway, the rotatable ball including a diametrically located primary through-port and being selectively movable between an open position and a closed position to allow or prohibit the flow of material through the primary through-port and the emergency shutdown valve; and a bypass feature associated with the rotatable ball shutoff element, the bypass feature including a secondary through-port that passes through the rotatable ball shutoff element along an axis that is substantially transverse to the primary through-port and is positionable within the passageway in the valve body such that the flow of material may pass through the rotatable ball shutoff element when the shutoff element is in the closed position; an inner ball that includes a diametrically located through-port and is concentrically and rotatably arranged within the rotatable ball shutoff element to form an inner ball-outer ball arrangement, the inner ball being independently rotatable relative to the rotatable ball shutoff element between a position where the inner ball obstructs flow through the secondary through-port of the rotatable ball shutoff element, and a position where the through-port in the inner ball is partially or fully aligned with the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element when the rotatable ball shutoff element is in the closed position, thereby allowing material to flow from the passageway through the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element and through the emergency shutdown valve while the rotatable ball shutoff element is closed; and an inner ball actuation shaft that passes concentrically through a rotatable ball shutoff element actuation shaft.

2. A bypass feature for permitting a flow of material to pass through a ball valve type emergency shutdown valve during the testing thereof for proper closure functionality, the ball valve having a valve body portion, a passageway through the valve body portion for allowing passage of the flow of material through the valve, and a shutoff element in the form of a rotatable ball seated in the passageway, the rotatable ball including a primary through-port and being selectively movable between an open position and a closed position to allow or prohibit the flow of material through the through-port and the emergency shutdown valve, the bypass feature comprising: a secondary through-port that passes through the rotatable ball shutoff element along an axis that is substantially transverse to the primary through-port and is positionable within the passageway in the valve body such that the flow of material may pass through the rotatable ball shutoff element when the rotatable ball shutoff element is in the closed position; an inner ball that includes a diametrically located through-port and is concentrically and rotatably arranged within the rotatable ball shutoff element to form an inner ball-outer ball arrangement, the inner ball being independently rotatable relative to the rotatable ball shutoff element between a position where the inner ball obstructs flow through the secondary through-port of the rotatable ball shutoff element, and a position where the through-port in the inner ball is partially or fully aligned with the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element when the rotatable ball shutoff element is in the closed position, thereby allowing material to flow from the passageway through the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element and through the emergency shutdown valve while the rotatable ball shutoff element is closed; and an inner ball actuator shaft that passes concentrically through a rotatable ball shutoff element actuator shaft.

3. A method of testing an emergency shutdown valve for proper closure functionality while simultaneously permitting a flow of material to pass therethrough, the emergency shutdown valve being a ball valve having a valve body portion, a passageway through the valve body portion for allowing passage of the flow of material through the emergency shutdown valve, and a shutoff element in the form of a rotatable ball seated in the passageway, the rotatable ball including a primary through-port and being selectively movable between an open position and a closed position to allow or prohibit the flow of material through the primary through-port and the emergency shutdown valve, the method comprising: providing the rotatable ball shutoff element of the emergency shutdown valve with a separately operable bypass feature, the bypass feature including a secondary through-port that passes through the rotatable ball shutoff element along an axis that is substantially transverse to the primary through-port and is positionable within the passageway in the valve body such that the flow of material may pass through the rotatable ball shutoff element while the rotatable ball shutoff element is in the closed position; concentrically locating an inner ball within the rotatable ball shutoff element to form a rotatable inner ball-outer ball arrangement, the inner ball including a diametrically located through-port and being independently rotatable relative to the rotatable ball shutoff element between a position where the inner ball obstructs flow through the secondary through-port of the rotatable ball shutoff element, and a position where the through-port in the inner ball is partially or fully aligned with the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element when the rotatable ball shutoff element is in the closed position, thereby allowing material to flow from the passageway through the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element and through the emergency shutdown valve while the rotatable ball shutoff element is closed; configuring the inner ball and the rotatable ball shutoff element such that an inner ball actuator shaft passes concentrically through a rotatable ball shutoff element actuator shaft; placing the rotatable ball shutoff element in a closed position, whereby the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element is partially or fully aligned with the passageway through the valve body portion; and rotating the inner ball when desired to partially or fully align the through-port in the inner ball with the secondary through-port in the rotatable ball shutoff element and to thereby permit a flow of material to pass through the rotatable ball shutoff element and the emergency shutdown valve while the rotatable ball shutoff element is in the closed position.

4. The emergency shutdown valve of claim 1, further comprising an inner ball actuator element that is manipulable from outside of the valve body portion of the emergency shutdown valve.

5. The emergency shutdown valve of claim 4, wherein the inner ball actuator element is coupled to the inner ball actuation shaft, which is configured to extend from the inner ball and to protrude through an opening in the valve body portion.

6. The emergency shutdown valve of claim 5, wherein the inner ball actuator element is a handle or knob.

7. The bypass feature of claim 2, further comprising an inner ball actuator element that is manipulable from outside of the valve body portion of the emergency shutdown valve.

8. The bypass feature of claim 7, wherein the inner ball actuator element is coupled to the inner ball actuation shaft, which is configured to extend from the inner ball and to protrude through an opening in the valve body portion.

9. The bypass feature of claim 8, wherein the inner ball actuator element is a handle or knob.

10. The method of claim 3, wherein: the inner ball of the bypass feature includes an inner ball actuator element that is coupled to the inner ball actuation shaft and is located outside of the valve body portion of the emergency shutdown valve; and operation of the inner ball is accomplished by manipulating the inner ball actuator element from outside of the valve body portion of the emergency shutdown valve.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

(1) In addition to the features mentioned above, other aspects of the present invention will be readily apparent from the following descriptions of the drawings and exemplary embodiments, wherein like reference numerals across the several views refer to identical or equivalent features, and wherein:

(2) FIGS. 1a-1b depict one exemplary embodiment of a ball valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention;

(3) FIG. 2a depicts one exemplary embodiment of a globe valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention;

(4) FIG. 2b is an enlarged top view of a plug element of the emergency shutdown valve of FIG. 2a;

(5) FIG. 3 depicts one exemplary embodiment of a butterfly valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention;

(6) FIG. 4 depicts one exemplary embodiment of a choke valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention;

(7) FIG. 5 depicts one exemplary embodiment of a needle valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention;

(8) FIG. 6 depicts one exemplary embodiment of a gate valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention; and

(9) FIG. 7 depicts one exemplary embodiment of a diaphragm valve version of an emergency shutdown valve with bypass feature according to the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS

(10) Embodiments of the invention generally involve modifications to the various types of valves that may be, and frequently are, used as emergency shutdown valves. More particularly, a bypass feature(s) that includes one or more port or other passageways is provided in the shutoff element of a given valve and a movable obstruction(s) is added to selectively open or close the passageway so as to permit two modes of valve operation. In one mode of operation, a given valve may be placed in an open (i.e., operating) position whereby material flows through the valve in a normal manner. In this mode, the valve operates like any typical emergency shutdown valve. In a second mode of operation, the movable obstruction(s) may be placed in a non-obstructing position, such that a flow of material may pass through the shutoff element of the valve while the valve is in an otherwise fully closed position. This second mode of operation may be used during the testing procedures described above, such that a given emergency shutdown valve may be tested to determine if it achieves full closure while still permitting a flow of material to pass therethrough in support of an associated manufacturing or other operation.

(11) One exemplary embodiment of an emergency shutdown valve with a bypass feature is illustrated in FIGS. 1a-1b. This particular embodiment of the invention is in the form of a ball valve 5.

(12) The emergency shutdown ball valve 5 includes a rotatable outer ball 10 that resides within a like-shaped chamber 15 in the body 20 of the valve. A through-port 25 passes diametrically through the ball valve 5 such that the through-port may be aligned with the interior bore 30 of a conduit 35 to which the ball valve is installed. The ball 10 also includes a secondary through-port 50 that passes through the ball along a diametrical axis that is substantially transverse to the central axis of the primary though-port 25 thereof. The ball 10 may be rotated within the chamber 15 by means of, for example, a handle 40 that is attached to an actuation shaft 45 that passes through the valve body 20 and connects to the ball.

(13) Furthermore, an inner ball 55 is also present and concentrically and independently rotatably arranged within the main ball 10 of the ball valve 5. Like the outer ball 10, the inner ball 55 also includes a through-port 60 that passes through the ball along a diametrical axis thereof. The inner ball 55 may be rotated within the outer ball 10 by means of, for example, a handle 70 that is attached to an actuation shaft 65 that passes through the actuation shaft 45 of the outer ball and connects to the inner ball.

(14) When the outer ball 10 and the inner ball 55 are oriented so that the primary through-port 25 of the outer ball and the through-port 60 of the inner ball are aligned with the conduit bore 30, material flowing through the conduit 35 is free to flow through the ball valve 5. Conversely, when the outer ball 10 is rotated so that the through-port 25 therein is oriented transversely to the conduit bore 30, as is shown in FIGS. 1a-1b and as the outer ball would be rotated during testing of the emergency shutdown testing of the ball valve 5, material flowing through the conduit 35 is either blocked from flowing through the outer ball and the ball valve or free to flow through the outer ball and the ball valvedepending on the orientation of the inner ball 55.

(15) As depicted in FIG. 1a, when the outer ball 10 is placed in a conduit blocking orientation and the inner ball 55 is rotated so that the through-port 60 thereof is aligned with the secondary through-port 50 in the outer ball, material flowing through the conduit 35 may continue to flow through the outer and inner balls and through the ball valve 5 during emergency shutdown testing thereof. Conversely, and as depicted in FIG. 1b, when the outer ball 10 is placed in a conduit blocking orientation and the inner ball 55 is rotated so that the through-port 60 thereof is aligned with the primary through-port 25 in the outer ball, material flowing through the conduit 35 is blocked by the inner ball from flowing through the ball valve, and the valve operates as would a typical ball valve when placed in a closed position.

(16) An alternative embodiment of an emergency shutdown valve of the invention in the form of a globe valve 100 is shown in FIGS. 2a-2b. As shown, the globe valve includes a body portion 105 which, in this particular embodiment, is generally spherical in shape. A bonnet portion 110 is attached to and extends from an upper area of the body portion 105. The globe valve is placed in a conduit 115 having an inlet portion 120 and an outlet portion 125.

(17) An internal baffle 130 having a seat 135 formed thereon is located within the body portion 105 of the globe valve 100. As in a typical globe valve, a linearly displaceable plug 140 is also present and adapted to seal against the seat 135 of the baffle 130 in order to close the globe valve against a flow of material therethrough when desired. The plug 140 may be moved between open and closed positions by means of, for example, a threaded actuating shaft 145 that extends from the bonnet 110 and is connected to an actuating knob 150. Rotation of the knob 150 and shaft 145 is translated into a desired linear motion of the plug 145. As should be understood, the plug 140 would be engaged with and sealed against the seat 135 of the internal baffle 130 during emergency shutdown testing of the globe valve 100.

(18) As can be seen in FIGS. 2a-2b, the plug 140 of this exemplary globe valve 100 of the invention is modified in comparison to a typical globe valve plug. Particularly, the plug 140 can be seen to include a partially hollow plug body 155 within which resides a rotatable disk 160. The disk 160 is rotatable within the plug body 155 in this particular example by means of a threaded actuating shaft 165 that is concentrically arranged within and extends from the plug actuating shaft 145. The disk actuating shaft 165 may also be connected to an actuation knob 170, as shown.

(19) As can be best observed in FIG. 2b, both the plug body 155 and the disk 160 have a plurality of orifices 175, 180 passing respectively therethrough. The disk 160 may be rotated within the plug body 155 so that the orifices 175, 180 in each are aligned or misaligned as desired. With the orifices 175, 180 deliberately misaligned (as shown in FIG. 2b), flow through the globe valve 100 remains blocked when the plug 140 is sealed against the seat 135 of the internal baffle 130. However, during a testing operation, the disk 160 may be rotated such that the orifices 180 in the disk are aligned with the orifices 175 in the plug body 155. This allows a flow of material to pass completely through the plug 140 while the plug is sealed against the seat 135 of the baffle 130. Consequently, a flow of material may continue through the globe valve 100 even during emergency shutdown testing thereof.

(20) Another alternative embodiment of an emergency shutdown valve of the invention in the form of a butterfly valve 200 is shown in FIG. 3. As shown, the butterfly valve includes a body portion 205 which, in this particular embodiment, is generally cylindrical in shape. A round bore 210 passes through the body portion 205. The butterfly valve 200 is designed to be placed in a conduit (not shown) having an internal bore that is aligned with the bore 210 in the body portion of the butterfly valve.

(21) A rotatable shutoff disk 215 resides within the bore 210 in the body portion 205. The shutoff disk 215 is rotatable about an axis that is perpendicular to the central axis of the bore 210 in the body portion 205. The diameter of the shutoff disk 215 may be similar to the diameter of the bore 210 in the body portion 205 and/or a sealing element may extend around the periphery of the shutoff disk to seal against the wall of the bore when the shutoff disk is appropriately rotated therein.

(22) An actuator shaft (not visible) is attached to the shutoff disk 215 and extends through the body portion 205 of this particular butterfly valve 200 for purposes of facilitating disk rotation. In this particular embodiment, the other end of the actuator shaft is connected to a right angle gear box 220 to which is connected a second actuation shaft 225 and an associated hand wheel 230. The hand wheel 230 is used to rotate the shutoff disk 215 between a fully open position, where the edge of the shutoff disk is aligned with the flow path through the valve, and a fully closed position where the shutoff disk closes off the bore 210. As should be understood, the shutoff disk 215 would be rotated so as to close off the bore 210 during emergency shutdown testing of the butterfly valve 200.

(23) In order to circumvent the problem of no material flow through the butterfly valve 200 during emergency testing thereof, the butterfly valve of this exemplary embodiment is provided with an orifice 235 that passes through the shutoff disk 215. A shutter 240 is also located within the shutoff disk 215 of the butterfly valve 200. The shutter 240 may also be disk-like in shape and may be linearly or rotatably movable within the shutoff disk 215.

(24) In this particular example, the shutter 240 is attached to a separate threaded shaft 245 that passes through the body portion 205 and into the shutoff disk 215 where it connects with the shutter. The opposite end of the shutter actuation shaft 245 is connected to a shutter actuation hand wheel 250. At least a section of the body portion 205 through which the shutter actuation shaft 245 passes may be threaded like the shutter actuation shaft such that rotation of the shaft by the hand wheel 250 is translated into linear movement of the shutter 240. In other embodiments, rotational shutter movement may be substituted for linear shutter movement, such as by rotationally pinning the shutter within the shutoff disk and proving gear teeth or similar elements in the body portion and about the shutter periphery that may be engaged by a corresponding rotation-inducing motive device.

(25) In any case, the shutter 240 includes an orifice 255 that is complimentary to the orifice 235 in the shutoff disk 215. When the orifices 235, 255 in the shutter 240 and the shutoff disk 215 are misaligned, as depicted in FIG. 3, the shutter blocks the orifice that passes through the shutoff disk such that placing the disk in a closed position blocks material flow through the valve in a normal manner. However, when the shutter 240 is displaced such that the orifices 235, 255 in the shutter and the shutoff disk 215 are aligned, a flow of material may pass through the orifices and through the shutoff disk even when the disk is oriented to block the flow of material through the valve. Consequently, a flow of material may be continued even during emergency shutdown testing of the butterfly valve 200.

(26) Another alternative embodiment of an emergency shutdown valve of the invention in the form of a choke valve 300 is depicted in FIG. 4. As shown, the choke valve includes a lower, body portion 305, and an upper, bonnet portion 310. A bore 315 passes through the lower body portion 305, and is divided into an inlet portion 320 and an outlet portion 325 that are arranged at a ninety degree angle to one another.

(27) A gasket 330 having a seat 335 is situated in an intersecting area of the inlet portion 320 and the outlet portion 325 of the bore 315. A linearly displaceable sealing stem 340 is also provided and adapted to seal against the gasket seat 335 when the choke valve 300 is placed in a closed position. The sealing stem 340 is, in this exemplary embodiment, connected to a threaded actuation shaft 345 that passes through a section of the body portion 305 and through the bonnet 310. Rotation of the sealing stem actuation shaft 345 via a connected handle 350 is translated into upward and downward linear movement of the sealing stem 340.

(28) As should be apparent, the sealing stem 340 would be sealed against the seat 335 of the gasket 330 during emergency shutdown testing of the choke valve 300, meaning that the flow of material through the choke valve would be blocked during an emergency shutdown testing operation. In order to avoid fully blocking the flow of material through the choke valve 300 during testing, a secondary stem 355 is concentrically arranged and separately linearly or rotationally displaceable within the sealing stem 340. In this example, the secondary stem 355 includes an actuation shaft 360 that extends from within the actuation shaft 345 of the sealing stem 340 and connects to a separate handle 365.

(29) To permit the flow of material through the choke valve 300 during an emergency shutdown testing operation, both the secondary stem 355 and the sealing stem 340 have ports 370, 375 in the areas thereof that will be in contact with a flow of material. Alternatively, a flow contacting section of each stem 340, 355 may be hollow and have orifices passing therethrough.

(30) In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 4, cooperating ports 370, 375 pass through the sealing stem 340 and the secondary stem 355 in the area of the stems that will be in contact with a flow of material through the inlet port 320 portion of the bore 315 when the choke valve 300 is closed. Additionally, cooperating ports 380, 385 pass through the sealing stem 340 and the secondary stem 355 in the area of the stems that will reside in the outlet port 325 portion of the bore 315 when the choke valve 300 is closed. The inlet port 375 in the secondary stem 355 is connected to the outlet ports 385 in the secondary stem.

(31) When the ports in the sealing stem 340 and the secondary stem 355 are misaligned, the body of the secondary stem blocks the ports that pass through the sealing stem and no material flows through the valve when the sealing stem is sealed against the seat 335 of the gasket 330. However, when the ports in the sealing stem 340 and the secondary stem 355 are aligned, such as by appropriately rotating or linearly displacing the secondary stem, a flow of material may pass through the ports in the stems even when the sealing stem is sealed against the seat 335 of the gasket 330 to otherwise block the flow of material through the choke valve 300. Consequently, a flow of material may be continued even during emergency shutdown testing of the choke valve 300.

(32) A similar alternative embodiment of the invention in the form of a needle valve 400 is shown FIG. 5. As shown, the needle valve includes a lower, body portion 405, and an upper, bonnet portion 410. A bore 415 passes through the lower body portion 405, and is divided into an inlet portion 420 and an outlet portion 425 that are separated by a flow control chamber 430.

(33) A linearly displaceable sealing needle 440 is also provided and adapted to seal within the flow control chamber 430 when the needle valve 400 is placed in a closed position. The sealing needle 440 is, in this exemplary embodiment, connected to a threaded actuation shaft 445 that passes through a section of the body portion 405 and through the bonnet 410. Rotation of the sealing needle actuation shaft 445 via a connected handle 450 is translated into upward and downward linear movement of the sealing needle 440.

(34) As should be apparent, the sealing needle 440 would be sealed within the flow control chamber 430 during emergency shutdown testing of the needle valve 400, meaning that the flow of material through the needle valve would be blocked during an emergency shutdown testing operation. In order to avoid fully blocking the flow of material through the needle valve 400 during testing, a secondary needle 455 is concentrically arranged and separately linearly or rotationally displaceable within the sealing needle 440. In this example, the secondary needle 455 includes an actuation shaft 460 that extends from within the actuation shaft 445 of the sealing needle 440 and connects to a separate handle 465.

(35) To permit the flow of material through the needle valve 400 during an emergency shutdown testing operation, both the secondary needle 455 and the sealing needle 440 have ports 470, 475 in the areas thereof that will be in contact with a flow of material. Alternatively, a flow contacting section of each needle 440, 455 may be hollow and have orifices passing therethrough.

(36) In the exemplary embodiment of FIG. 5, cooperating ports 470, 475 pass through the sealing needle 440 and the secondary needle 455 in the area of the needles that will be in contact with a flow of material through the inlet port 420 portion of the bore 415 when the needle valve 400 is closed. Additionally, cooperating ports 480, 485 pass through the sealing needle 440 and the secondary needle 455 in the area of the needles that will reside in the outlet port 425 portion of the bore 415 when the needle valve 400 is closed. The inlet port 475 in the secondary needle 455 is connected to the outlet ports 485 in the secondary needle.

(37) When the ports in the sealing needle 440 and the secondary needle 455 are misaligned, the body of the secondary needle blocks the ports that pass through the sealing needle and no material flows through the needle valve 400 when the sealing needle is sealed in the flow control chamber 430. However, when the ports in the sealing needle 440 and the secondary needle 455 are aligned, such as by appropriately rotating or linearly displacing the secondary needle, a flow of material may pass through the ports in the needles even when the sealing needle is sealed in the flow control chamber to otherwise block the flow of material through the needle valve 400. Consequently, a flow of material may be continued even during emergency shutdown testing of the needle valve 400.

(38) Another alternative embodiment of an emergency shutdown valve of the invention in the form of a gate valve 500 is shown in FIG. 6. As shown, the gate valve 500 includes a body portion 505 which, in this particular embodiment, is generally cylindrical in shape. A round bore 510 passes through the body portion 505. A bonnet portion 515 extends upward from the body portion 505. The gate valve 500 is designed to be placed in a conduit (not shown) having an internal bore that is aligned with the bore 510 in the body portion of the gate valve.

(39) A disk-shaped gate 520 resides within the bore 510 in the body portion 505 of the gate valve 500. The diameter of the gate 520 is generally somewhat larger than the diameter of the bore 510, such that the gate is able to close off the bore when the gate valve 500 is placed in a closed position. The gate 520 is linearly displaceable within a peripheral slot 525 in the bore 510, and may be retracted into a portion of the slot that extends into the bonnet 515 when the valve is opened.

(40) A gate actuator shaft 530 is attached to the gate 520 and extends through the body portion 505 and through the bonnet portion 515 for purposes of facilitating gate displacement. The gate actuator shaft 530 may be attached to an actuator such as the hand wheel 535 shown. Rotation of the hand wheel 535 and the gate actuator shaft 530 is translated into linear movement of the gate 520, which can be located at various positions between closed and fully open. As should be understood, the gate 520 would be lowered so as to fully block off the bore 510 during emergency shutdown testing of the gate valve 200.

(41) In order to circumvent the problem of no material flow through the gate valve 500 during emergency testing thereof, the gate 520 of this particular gate valve embodiment is provided with an orifice 540 that passes through the gate. A shutter 545 is also located within the gate 520 of the gate valve 500. The shutter 545 may also be disk-like in shape and may be linearly or rotatably movable within the gate 520.

(42) In this particular example, the shutter 545 is attached to a separate threaded shaft 550 that passes through the body portion 505 and into the gate 520 where it connects with the shutter. The opposite end of the shutter actuation shaft 550 is connected to a shutter actuation hand wheel 555. Rotation of the shutter actuation shaft 550 by the hand wheel 555 is translated into linear movement of the shutter 545. In other embodiments, rotational shutter movement may be substituted for linear shutter movement, such as by rotationally pinning the shutter within the gate and proving gear teeth or similar elements in the body portion 505 or bonnet portion 510 and about the shutter periphery that may be engaged by a corresponding rotation-inducing motive device.

(43) In any case, the shutter 545 includes an orifice 560 that is complimentary to the orifice 540 in the gate 520. When the orifices 560, 540 in the shutter 545 and the gate 520 are misaligned, as depicted in FIG. 6, the shutter blocks the orifice that passes through the gate so that placing the gate in a closed position blocks material flow through the gate valve 500 in a normal manner. However, when the shutter 545 is displaced such that the orifices 560, 540 in the shutter and the gate 520 are aligned, a flow of material may pass through the orifices and through the gate even when the gate is oriented to block the flow of material through the gate valve 500. Consequently, a flow of material may be continued even during emergency shutdown testing of the gate valve 500.

(44) Another alternative embodiment of an emergency shutdown valve of the invention in the form of a diaphragm valve 600 is shown in FIG. 7. This particular embodiment of the diaphragm valve 600 includes a body portion 605 with a bore 610 passing therethrough. The bore 610 includes an aperture 615 that opens upward into a bonnet portion 620 of the valve. The aperture 615 between the bonnet 620 and the body portion 605 is closed off by an elastomeric diaphragm 625 that is connected to a compressor element 630. The compressor element 630 is linearly displaceable within the bonnet 620 and is extendable into the bore 610 in the body portion 605 to reflect the diaphragm 625 from its normal operating orientation (shown) and press the reflected diaphragm against a section 635 of the body portion that extends upwardly toward the diaphragm within the bore.

(45) An actuator 640 is attached to the compressor element 630 for the purpose of causing the linear displacement thereof. In this particular exemplary embodiment, the actuator 640 is a hand wheel 645 attached to a threaded rod 650 that engages corresponding threads in the bonnet 620. Rotation of the hand wheel 645 and the rod 650 is translated into linear movement of the compressor element 630 and a desired movement of the diaphragm 625.

(46) When the compressor element 630 places the diaphragm 625 into sealing contact with the corresponding section 635 of the body portion 605, flow through the bore 610 and through the diaphragm valve 600 is normally blocked. Reflecting the diaphragm 625 and moving the diaphragm from a sealed position toward a position where the associated compressor element 630 is fully retracted results in an increasing amount of flow through the valve 600, until a maximum open position is reached (shown).

(47) As should be understood, the diaphragm 625 would be placed by the compressor element 630 into sealing contact with the corresponding section 635 of the body portion 605 during testing of such a diaphragm-type emergency shutdown valve 600. This means that the flow of material along the normal flow path through the valve would be blocked during a testing operation.

(48) Therefore, in the diaphragm-type emergency shutdown valve embodiment shown in FIG. 7, the section 635 of the body portion 605 that extends upwardly toward the diaphragm 625 within the bore 610 of the valve 600 is movable. More particularly, the section 635 of the body portion that extends upwardly toward the diaphragm 625 within the bore 610 is movable toward and away from the position shown, which is the position that normally results in sealing contact with the diaphragm. In this regard, the body portion 605 may be divided into movable and non-movable parts in the area of the extending sealing section 635, as is represented by the dashed dividing lines 655. In an alternate embodiment (not shown), only a part of the diaphragm-sealing section 635 of the body portion 605 is movable.

(49) Movement of the diaphragm-sealing section 635 of the body portion 605 away from the diaphragm 625, or movement of a part of the diaphragm-sealing section of the body portion in the same manner, results in an opening between the diaphragm-sealing section of the body portion and the diaphragm or an opening between a stationary piece of the diaphragm-sealing section of the body portion and the movable part thereof, respectively, while the diaphragm is otherwise maintained in a closed position to prevent the normal flow of material through the valve 600. The created opening allows material to pass through the valve 600 while the compressor element 630 and diaphragm 625 are held in their closed positions. Consequently, the diaphragm-type emergency shutdown valve 600 may still pass some amount of material during emergency shutdown testing of the valve.

(50) Although not shown in FIG. 7 for purposes of clarity, a threaded shaft and handle, a pivot mechanism, etc., may be connected to and used to move the diaphragm-sealing section 635 of the body portion 605 or a movable part thereof. Isolation techniques such as those used with, for example, gate or butterfly valves, can be applied to diaphragm valve embodiments of the invention to prevent any leaks that might result from separating the diaphragm-sealing section 635 of the body portion 605 from the remainder thereof.

(51) In another version of a diaphragm-type emergency shutdown valve according to the invention, the diaphragm-sealing section of the body portion may be non-movable as normal, but a bypass orifice may be placed through a section thereof for use during valve testing. A displaceable shutter may then be located so as to open or close the orifice when desired, such as by moving within a slot in the body portion of the valve. An actuator capable of imparting rotational or liner motion that is sufficient to displace the shutter may be provided, and may be any type of actuator previously mentioned.

(52) When the shutter is extended into the diaphragm-sealing section of the body portion, the shutter blocks the orifice that passes therethrough. When the shutter is sufficiently withdrawn from the diaphragm-sealing section of the body portion, however, a flow of material may pass through the orifice and through the valve when the diaphragm and associated compressor element are otherwise positioned to block the flow of material through the valvesuch as during testing.

(53) It is to be realized that the bypass feature(s) provided in any embodiment of the invention, including the exemplary embodiments described and shown herein, are separately operable from the primary shutoff element of the associated emergency shutdown valve. This means that the bypass feature(s) of a given valve may be tested for proper operation separately from the emergency shutdown testing of the primary shutoff element of the associated valve. Consequently, an emergency shutdown valve of the invention may be tested to ensure proper operation of the primary shutoff element while maintaining a flow of material through the valve via the bypass feature thereof. The bypass feature may be separately tested to ensure that it will properly function to prevent a flow of material through the primary shutoff element when desired.

(54) Various exemplary embodiments of emergency shutdown valves according to the invention have been shown and described herein for purposes of illustration. It is to be understood, however, that nothing herein is to be interpreted as limiting the invention to said exemplary embodiments. For example, one of skill in the art would understand that multiple variations of each of the general valve types described herein are possible. Additionally, the exemplary bypass features shown and described may differ in number, size, shape and/or location in other embodiments. Bypass feature actuation may also differ in other embodiments, such as via use of linear displaceable actuators in place of threaded actuators and/or powered actuators in place of human-operated actuators.

(55) Therefore, while certain exemplary embodiments of the present invention are described in detail above, the scope of the invention is not to be considered limited by such disclosure, and modifications are possible without departing from the spirit of the invention as evidenced by the following claims: