Method to Recycle Plastics, Electronics, Munitions or Propellants Using a Metal Reactant Alloy Composition

Abstract

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. In particular, the method comprises reacting a feed stock with a molten aluminum or aluminum alloy bath. The apparatus includes a reaction vessel for carrying out the reaction, as well as other equipment necessary for capturing and removing the reaction products. Further, the process can be used to cogenerate electricity using the excess heat generated by the process.

Claims

1. An apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants, the apparatus comprising: a bowl where a feed stock is mixed with molten aluminum; a reaction vessel containing further molten aluminum, a feed stock feed line connecting the bowl and the reaction vessel, the feed stock line feeding the feed stock and molten aluminum mixture below the surface of the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel, wherein the feed stock with the molten aluminum react in the reaction vessel, such that oxygen and oxygen containing compounds in the feed stock are removed and aluminum oxides are formed; and collection lines connected to the reaction vessel to remove the products of the reaction.

2. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the molten aluminum comprises an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and calcium.

3. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein the bowl uses a vortex of molten aluminum to receive the feed stock.

4. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the bowl is a ceramic bowl.

5. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising an aluminum feed line connected to the reaction vessel.

6. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a feed line of molten aluminum from the reaction vessel to the bowl.

7. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein slag and lighter reaction products are removed from the top of the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel.

8. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the collection lines are connected to a low point in the reaction vessel to collect the heavier products of the reaction.

9. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein gaseous products of the reaction are captures from the top of the reaction vessel.

10. The apparatus of claim 1 further comprising a blower and a heat exchanger, the blower removing elemental materials from the top of the reaction vessel and the heat exchanger will cool the elemental materials for further processing.

11. The apparatus of claim 1 wherein the reaction vessel is formed by a vessel wall connected to a cooling plate.

12. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein a cooling liquid is circulated in channels between the vessel wall and the cooling plate.

13. The apparatus of claim 11 wherein the vessel wall is lined by a refractory material.

14. An apparatus for recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants, the apparatus comprising: a bowl, wherein molten aluminum is fed into the bowl such that a vortex of molten aluminum is created in the bowl, further wherein a feed stock is introduced into the molten aluminum vortex in the bowl to create a molten aluminum and feed stock mixture; a reaction vessel containing further molten aluminum; a feed line between the bowl and reaction vessel such that the molten aluminum and feed stock mixture are fed from the bowl to the reaction vessel, wherein the molten aluminum and feed stock mixture enter the reaction vessel below the surface of the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel, and further wherein the feed stock mixture reacts with the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel; collection lines collecting heavy products produced by the reaction from in the reaction vessel; and a blower that collect less dense compounds from the surface of the molten aluminum in the reaction vessel.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein the molten aluminum comprises an aluminum alloy selected from the group consisting of silicon, magnesium, zinc, copper, iron, and calcium.

16. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising an aluminum feed line connected to the reaction vessel.

17. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising a feed line of molten aluminum from the reaction vessel to the bowl.

18. The apparatus of claim 14 wherein the reaction vessel is formed by a vessel wall connected to a cooling plate.

19. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein a cooling liquid is circulated in channels between the vessel wall and the cooling plate.

20. The apparatus of claim 18 wherein the vessel wall is lined by a refractory material.

Description

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0010] For a more complete understanding of the present invention, reference is now made to the following descriptions taken in conjunction with the accompanying Figures and drawings, in which:

[0011] FIG. 1 shows the basic process flow;

[0012] FIG. 2 shows a typical process flow;

[0013] FIG. 3 shows a detailed cross sectional view of the reaction vessel wall; and

[0014] FIG. 4 shows a modified flow process incorporating a vortex.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0015] The present invention provides a process to recycle plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. The process utilizes a molten aluminum or molten aluminum alloy bath. The process utilizes a molten aluminum bath as the reactant. The ground feedstock is introduced below the surface of the molten aluminum bath, reacts with the aluminum to decompose the feed stock. In the process, elemental carbon, sulfur, copper, iron, and rare earth and heavy metals and molecular hydrogen, nitrogen, methane, and other hydrocarbons are removed from the molten bath. The products can be sold and the nitrogen is either vented to the atmosphere or captured.

[0016] The process utilizes a molten metal as the primary reactant. In the preferred embodiments the molten metal is aluminum or an aluminum bath. The aluminum can also be alloyed with other elements including, but not limited to, zinc, iron, copper, silicon and calcium. Other metals and metal alloys such as calcium and silicon are also envisioned. The flue gas stream, which contains oxygen containing greenhouse gases produced by combustion processes, is passed through the aluminum alloy bath to remove the oxygen-containing gases from the flue gas stream.

[0017] In the process, excess heat is generated and can be used to facilitate other processes such as cogeneration of power. The excess generated by the process is a function of the makeup of the greenhouse gases in the flue gas feed.

[0018] When the feed stock contains other compounds, those compounds can also decomposed or captured. For example, if the feed stock contains inorganic compounds, such as chlorine, the process will produce an aluminum salt, in this case aluminum chloride. The present invention also provides a method and apparatus for capturing heavy metals, such as, but not limited to mercury or rare earth metals, which are often found in consumer electronics or munitions. In the process, the molten metal bath breaks down the metal compounds as they are introduced into the molten metal bath. As additional aluminum is added to the bath, the heavy metals settle to the bottom of the reaction vessels and are removed from the reaction vessel. While some aluminum may be entrained in the heavy metals that are removed from the bottom of the reaction vessel, the aluminum can be removed and refined and the heavy metals can be captured.

[0019] A detailed process flow 200 is shown in FIG. 2. While the process described discusses processing recycling plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants can be processed using the invention. The ground feed stock is introduced into the treatment process through blower feed line 211. Blower 210, which may be another type of injector, is used to inject the ground feed stock into reaction vessel 220 through injection line 212. Injection line 212 introduces the ground feed stock, which is entrained in an inert gas such as nitrogen, below the surface of the molten aluminum compound 226. Injection line 212 must be sufficiently below the surface of the molten aluminum compound 226 to allow for sufficient mixing. The heavy products of the reaction, typically the heavy metals described above will settle out in the reaction vessel. The reaction vessel typically has a sloped bottom, however other designs such conical bottoms and the like can be utilized. Once the heavy products settle out, they are collected using collection lines 223, 224, and 225. Collection lines 223, 224, and 225 allow for heavy metals of different densities to be removed. Depending on the size of the process, the heavy products can be continuously removed or a batch removal process can be used.

[0020] Reaction vessel 220 also includes an aluminum feed line 221, which is used to supply additional aluminum compound to replace that consumed by the reaction with the ground feed stock. Additional heat may be required during start-up, for example. Heater 227 is provided for this purpose. Heater 227 can be any type heater, including radiative, inductive, and convective. For example, heater 227 would be a microwave heater or a radio frequency heater wherein the frequency is tuned for the metal alloy used.

[0021] Thus, the heat generated by the process must be removed. Section A, which is shown in more detail in FIG. 3 shows one way the heat can be removed from the process. The reaction vessel 220 is lined with a refractory material 310, which protects the vessel wall 320. Cooling plate 330 is attached to the vessel wall 320 and cooling water is circulated in the channels created between the cooling plant 330 and the vessel wall 320. Insulation 340 surrounds the cooling plate to maximize heat recovery, as well as for safety purposes. Once the cooling water picks up the heat generated from the process, it can be either sent to a cooling tower or the heat can be recovered and used for other purposes. If the process is used in a facility that needs a hot water source, then the heat recovery system can be designed for this purpose. However, the heat can also be used to generate electricity.

[0022] Turning back to FIG. 2, a steam turbine electric generation process is represented. In this case, the cooling water is introduced thorough cooling feed 228. As the cooling water travels around the reaction vessel 220, it picks up heat and steam is generated. The steam generated is then sent via steam line 229 to steam turbine 232. The steam passes through the turbine and as it condenses, turns the turbine blades of turbine 232. Turbine 232 is coupled to generator 231. As the turbine turns the rotor of generator 231 though the stator, it generates electricity. While this process is only briefly described, this steam turbine-electric generator process is well known in the art. And any steam turbine-electric generator process could be utilized.

[0023] Also, as described above, the reaction will also produce elemental carbon, elemental sulfur, molecular nitrogen and molecular hydrogen. These will be removed from the reaction vessel using blower 250. Blower 250 will pull high temperature elemental carbon, elemental sulfur, molecular nitrogen and molecular hydrogen from the reaction vessel 220 through heat exchanger feed line 241 into heat exchanger 240. Heat exchanger 240 will then cool this material to enable further processing. Any hydrocarbons that are produced may also be condensed in heat exchanger 240. These liquid hydrocarbons can be collected for further use or sale. Heat exchanger 240 can be any heat exchanger, however in the preferred embodiment, heat exchanger 240 is a forced air heat exchanger, however other heat exchangers, are also envisioned. The process stream then leaves the heat exchanger through line 242 and passes through blower 250 and blower discharge line 252 into two cyclone separators. The first separator 260 separates out carbon from process stream. The carbon is collected though separation line 263. The remaining process stream proceeds to the second separator 270, which separates out sulfur from the process stream. The sulfur may be removed using a cold finger as the stream is cooled to less than 444 degrees Celsius. The sulfur is collected through separation line 273. The remaining process stream, which may include gaseous nitrogen and hydrogen, is then separated in cryo unit 280. In this unit, the gas stream is cooled further and to allow the components to be separated.

[0024] Below is a list of possible ground feed stock that may be recycled, and the resulting elemental outputs produced by the reactions within the molten metal bath. [0025] Poly Vinyl Chloride: 2(C.sub.2H.sub.cCl).sub.n.fwdarw.4C+3H.sub.2+2Cl [0026] Polypropylene: (C.sub.3H.sub.6).sub.n.fwdarw.3C+3H.sub.2 [0027] PET: (C.sub.10H.sub.8O.sub.4).sub.n.fwdarw.10C+4H.sub.2+2O.sub.2 [0028] Polycarbonate: (C.sub.16H.sub.14O.sub.3).sub.n.fwdarw.16C+7H.sub.2+3O.sub.2 [0029] ABS: (C.sub.8H.sub.8*C.sub.4H.sub.6*C.sub.3H.sub.3N).sub.n.fwdarw.15C+17/2H.sub.2+1N [0030] 4-(tert-butyl)styrene (butyl styrene): [0031] (CH.sub.3).sub.3C.sub.6H.sub.4CHCH.sub.2.fwdarw.12C+8H.sub.2 [0032] Nylon 66: (C.sub.12H.sub.22N.sub.2O.sub.2).sub.n.fwdarw.12C+11H.sub.2+2N+2O.sub.2 [0033] Dibutyl Phthalate: 3C.sub.16H.sub.22O.sub.4+8Al48C+33H.sub.2+4Al.sub.2O.sub.3 [0034] Diphenylamine: 2C.sub.12H.sub.11N+0Al24C+22H.sub.2+N.sub.2 [0035] Nitrocellulose: [0036] 6C.sub.6H.sub.9(NO.sub.2)O.sub.5+12Al36C+27H.sub.2+3N.sub.2+6Al.sub.2O.sub.3 [0037] 2C.sub.6H.sub.9(NO.sub.2).sub.2O.sub.5+12Al12C+9H.sub.2+N.sub.2+6Al.sub.2O.sub.3 [0038] 6C.sub.6H.sub.9(NO.sub.2).sub.3O.sub.5+44Al36C+27H.sub.2+9N.sub.2+22Al.sub.2O.sub.3 [0039] Dinitrotoluene: 3C.sub.7H.sub.6N.sub.2O.sub.4+8Al21C+9H.sub.2+3N.sub.2+4Al.sub.2O.sub.3

[0040] FIG. 4 illustrates a modified process flow 400 using a vortex entry. As with the process described in FIG. 2, the modified process enables recycling of plastics, electronics, munitions or propellants. Instead of being directly injected into the aluminum bath, the ground feed stock is introduced into the treatment process through line fed by a vortex 402. The vortex 402 is formed within a ceramic bowl 415 by pumping in molten aluminum or aluminum alloy. The molten aluminum or aluminum alloy may be added through a new aluminum input line 404, or it may be recirculated from the aluminum bath using a pump 406. The ground feed stock (which may include any of the materials above that need to be recycled) may then be introduced into the ceramic bowl 415 through a gravity feed 405. The ground feed stock mixes with the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy and the mixture is pulled to the bottom of the bowl from the rotation of the vortex 402. The bottom of the ceramic bowl 415 may have a connecting line 408 to the aluminum bath, and the mixture of ground feed stock and molten aluminum or aluminum alloy enters the aluminum bath from the connecting line 408. Other aspects of the modified process flow 400 are similar to that shown with the flow in FIG. 2.

[0041] The vortex entry illustrated in FIG. 4 allows for some benefits over other injection systems. The vortex allows better mixing of the ground feed stock with the molten aluminum or aluminum alloy, which allows the recycling reactions to occur more efficiently. Additionally, because the ground feed stock has already mixed with the molten aluminum in the ceramic bowl 415, the temperature of the mixture has an opportunity to equalize, and the temperature may be relatively close to the temperature of the molten aluminum within the bath. Accordingly, there is less localized cooling, and a more consistent temperature gradient, at the entry injection point when the vortex entry is used.

[0042] As described above, once the feed stock enters the aluminum bath or the vortex, then reactions of the ground feed stock material with the aluminum or aluminum alloy bath will begin. The denser materials will begin to settle while the lighter materials will rise. The lightest materials, such as gas will bubble to the surface, to be recovered there.

[0043] Although the present invention and its advantages have been described in detail, it should be understood that various changes, substitutions and alterations can be made herein without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims. Moreover, the scope of the present application is not intended to be limited to the particular embodiments of the process, machine, manufacture, composition of matter, means, methods and steps described in the specification. As one of ordinary skill in the art will readily appreciate from the disclosure of the present invention, processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps, presently existing or later to be developed that perform substantially the same function or achieve substantially the same result as the corresponding embodiments described herein may be utilized according to the present invention. Accordingly, the appended claims are intended to include within their scope such processes, machines, manufacture, compositions of matter, means, methods, or steps.